WO2002086310A1 - Direct fuel injection design for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Direct fuel injection design for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002086310A1
WO2002086310A1 PCT/FR2002/001410 FR0201410W WO02086310A1 WO 2002086310 A1 WO2002086310 A1 WO 2002086310A1 FR 0201410 W FR0201410 W FR 0201410W WO 02086310 A1 WO02086310 A1 WO 02086310A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
axis
fuel injection
direct fuel
arrangement according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2002/001410
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French (fr)
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WO2002086310B1 (en
Inventor
Michaël PONTOPPIDAN
Original Assignee
Magneti Marelli France
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2002086310A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002086310A1/en
Publication of WO2002086310B1 publication Critical patent/WO2002086310B1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/04—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps with simple crankcase pumps, i.e. with the rear face of a non-stepped working piston acting as sole pumping member in co-operation with the crankcase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/042—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit
    • F02M69/045—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit for injecting into the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a direct fuel injection arrangement for internal combustion engines.
  • the invention relates to the arrangement of direct fuel injection for internal combustion engines, of the 2-stroke type, with at least one cylinder, a piston mounted sliding axially in the cylinder, a cylinder head, and comprising a device for direct fuel injection according to at least one jet having an axis of symmetry, the piston having a head of which a first end face, substantially planar, delimits a combustion chamber with the cylinder head and the corresponding cylinder of the engine, and of which a second end face defines a cavity with the engine casing, the combustion chamber and the cavity being connected together by at least one lumen and a transfer channel allowing the passage between the cavity and the combustion chamber of a mixture of gas from at least one intake lumen produced in the cylinder, this passage taking place in a rotary flow around an axis substantially perpendicular to an axis lon gitudinal of the cylinder, this mixture of gases after combustion being extracted via at least one exhaust port produced in the cylinder.
  • this is the intake / compression phase.
  • the piston performs a translational movement from its bottom dead center position to its top dead center position, the combustion chamber fills with a compressed gas mixture.
  • the combustion chamber fills with a compressed gas mixture.
  • the crankcase under the lower part of the piston is admitted, via the intake port, fresh gases loaded with fuel.
  • the combustion / exhaust phase Under the effect of a spark from a candle opening into the combustion chamber or by self-ignition, the compressed gas mixture is ignited, the piston is violently driven down and it gives off the exhaust light allowing the evacuation of the combustion gases, the fresh gases, via the transfer lights, are expelled from the low engine to the combustion chamber. A new cycle can then start again.
  • the present invention aims in particular to overcome these drawbacks, without however significantly modifying the engine structure so that it is easily applicable to 2-stroke engines currently produced in large series.
  • an engine of the kind in question is characterized in that the injection device is positioned on the cylinder head opposite the first end face of the piston so that the axis of symmetry of the jet gushing from the injection device is against the current of the direction of flow of the gas mixture.
  • this injection device can easily be installed by making a bore passing through the cylinder head and that it is not necessary to modify the geometry of the piston.
  • the injection device is positioned on a first portion of the cylinder head situated on the side of the exhaust port and delimited by a diametral plane of the cylinder substantially perpendicular to a second diametrical plane of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port
  • a spark plug is located on a second portion of the cylinder head located on the side opposite to the exhaust port and delimited by the diametral plane of the cylinder substantially perpendicular to said second diametrical plane of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port
  • the axis of symmetry of the fuel jet makes an angle ⁇ with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, this angle ⁇ being included in the range from 30 ° to 70 °, the axis of symmetry of the fuel jet is contained in a diametral plane of the cylinder which forms an angle ⁇ with respect to said second diametrical plane of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port, this angle ⁇ being included in the range of -45 ° to + 45 °,
  • the axis of symmetry of the jet is inclined by an angle ⁇ relative to a longitudinal axis of the injection device, this angle ⁇ being included in the range -60 ° to + 60 °,
  • an engine as previously referred to, for the motorization of a 2-wheeled vehicle, a recreational vehicle, a tool or the like.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an internal combustion engine according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the engine of Figure 1, the section plane passing substantially at the level of the light exhaust.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically and in cross section an engine 1, internal combustion, two-stroke cycles, spark ignition and direct injection.
  • a piston 3 is mounted to slide axially along a longitudinal axis X of the cylinder 2, back and forth and connected to a crankshaft by a connecting rod 4.
  • the piston 3 comprises a head 6, a first end face 7 of which delimits a combustion chamber 8 with the corresponding cylinder 2 and a cylinder head 16 of the engine 1, and a second end face 9 of which delimits a cavity 10 with the casing 11 of the engine 1.
  • first end face 7 of the piston is substantially flat, that is to say that it can be slightly domed like most of the pistons used in this type of engine, called pistons with hemispherical head.
  • the invention does not require the use of a protruding cavity or relief on the face of the piston.
  • the invention can easily be applied to an existing engine without having to change the technique for manufacturing the pistons.
  • the combustion chamber 8 and the cavity 10 are interconnected by at least one lumen 12 and a transfer channel 18 (visible in FIG. 1) allowing the passage between the cavity 10 and the combustion chamber 8 of a mixture of gases. from at least one intake port 13 produced in the cylinder 2, this passage taking place according to a rotary flow around an axis Y substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the cylinder 2. The movement of this flow is known as the "tumble".
  • the gas mixture after combustion is extracted via at least one exhaust port 14 also produced in the cylinder 2.
  • the transfer lights 12, intake 13, exhaust 14 are not all located in the same "horizontal" plane perpendicular to the axis X, and that they are offset along the longitudinal axis X of the cylinder, so that depending on the stroke of the piston 3 in the cylinder 2, during the operating cycle of the 2-stroke engine, the latter closes or opens in whole or in part, one or the other of these lights.
  • the cylinder 2 is covered by a cylinder head 16, which is secured to it by studs or the like.
  • a fuel injection device 15 is installed on the cylinder head 16 of the engine 1. This device 15 makes it possible to inject fuel in the direction of the first end face 7 of the head 6 of the piston 3, according to at least one jet. which has an axis of symmetry. This injection is carried out against the current of "tumble" movement of the gas mixture.
  • the injection device 15 is preferably positioned on a first portion of the cylinder head 16 situated on the side of the exhaust port 14 and delimited by a diametrical plane of the cylinder perpendicular to a diametrical plane of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port , and of trace VV in FIG. 2.
  • the axis of symmetry of the jet can make an angle ⁇ with respect to a plane perpendicular P to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, this angle ⁇ being included in the range of 30 ° at 70 ° and corresponding to a site angle.
  • a spark plug 17 is also located on the cylinder head 16 and substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 2 and the combustion chamber.
  • the spark plug 17 can be installed at any point on the cylinder head 16 included in a second portion situated on the side opposite to the exhaust port and delimited by the diametral plane of the cylinder perpendicular to the diametral plane VV of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port 14, so that its electrodes preferably open into the half-cylinder which contains the outlet of the transfer channel 18.
  • the piloting of the spark is managed by a control device (not shown) jointly with the device injection mapping.
  • the jet has an axis of symmetry which can be inclined relative to the main axis of the device injector 15.
  • the injection device 15 is controlled by a member annexed to the engine (not shown) which makes it possible to manage an injection map according to the conditions of use of the engine, this map being adapted according to the intended use of the engine.
  • the axis of symmetry of the jet is inclined at an angle ⁇ relative to the longitudinal axis of the injection device, this angle ⁇ can be included in the range -60 ° to + 60 °.
  • the angle ⁇ represents the various positions which may be occupied by a diametral plane of the cylinder in which is contained the axis of symmetry of the jet of the injection device 15. This angle ⁇ is measured from the “vertical” plane VV or diametral of the cylinder 2, centered on the exhaust port 14, this angle ⁇ being included in the range of -45 ° to + 45 ° and corresponding substantially to an azimuth angle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a direct fuel injection design for an engine (1) with at least a cylinder (2), a piston (3), a cylinder head (16), comprising a direct fuel injection device in at least a jet having an axis of symmetry, the piston (3) having a head (6) whereof a substantially planar first end surface (7) defines a combustion chamber (8) with the corresponding cylinder (2) of the engine (1), and whereof a second end surface (9) defines a cavity (10) with the crankcase of the engine (1). Said design provides that the engine comprises an injection device (15) which is positioned on the cylinder head (16) opposite the first end surface (7) of the piston (3) such that the axis of symmetry of the jet is counter-current to the flow direction of the mixture.

Description

Agencement d'injection directe de carburant pour moteur à combustion interne Direct fuel injection arrangement for an internal combustion engine
La présente invention est relative un agencement d'injection directe de carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne .The present invention relates to a direct fuel injection arrangement for internal combustion engines.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne l'agencement d'injection directe de carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne, du type 2 temps, à au moins un cylindre, un piston monté coulissant axialement dans le cylindre, une culasse, et comportant un dispositif d'injection directe de carburant selon au moins un jet ayant un axe de symétrie, le piston ayant une tête dont une première face d'extrémité, sensiblement plane, délimite une chambre de combustion avec la culasse et le cylindre correspondant du moteur, et dont une seconde face d'extrémité délimite une cavité avec le carter du moteur, la chambre de combustion et la cavité étant reliées entre elles par au moins une lumière et un canal de transfert permettant le passage entre la cavité et la chambre de combustion d'un mélange de gaz issu d'au moins une lumière d'admission réalisée dans le cylindre, ce passage s'effectuant selon un écoulement rotatif autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à un axe longitudinal du cylindre, ce mélange de gaz après combustion étant extrait par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une lumière d'échappement réalisée dans le cylindre.More particularly, the invention relates to the arrangement of direct fuel injection for internal combustion engines, of the 2-stroke type, with at least one cylinder, a piston mounted sliding axially in the cylinder, a cylinder head, and comprising a device for direct fuel injection according to at least one jet having an axis of symmetry, the piston having a head of which a first end face, substantially planar, delimits a combustion chamber with the cylinder head and the corresponding cylinder of the engine, and of which a second end face defines a cavity with the engine casing, the combustion chamber and the cavity being connected together by at least one lumen and a transfer channel allowing the passage between the cavity and the combustion chamber of a mixture of gas from at least one intake lumen produced in the cylinder, this passage taking place in a rotary flow around an axis substantially perpendicular to an axis lon gitudinal of the cylinder, this mixture of gases after combustion being extracted via at least one exhaust port produced in the cylinder.
On rappellera rapidement le cycle de fonctionnement d'un moteur deux temps traditionnel alimenté par carburateur. Celui-ci utilise un seul tour de vilebrequin, ainsi que la partie supérieure et inférieure du piston.We will quickly recall the operating cycle of a traditional two-stroke engine powered by carburetor. This uses a single crankshaft turn, as well as the upper and lower part of the piston.
Dans le premier temps : il s'agit de la phase d'admission/compression. Le piston effectue un mouvement de translation de sa position de point mort bas à sa position de point mort haut, la chambre de combustion se remplit d'un mélange gazeux comprimé. En même temps, dans le carter moteur, sous la partie inférieure du piston est admis, par l'intermédiaire de la lumière d'admission, des gaz frais chargés en combustible. Dans le second temps : il s'agit de la phase de combustion/échappement. Sous l'effet d'une étincelle issue d'une bougie débouchant dans la chambre de combustion ou par auto allumage, le mélange gazeux comprimé est enflammé, le piston est violemment chassé vers le bas et il dégage la lumière d'échappement permettant l'évacuation des gaz de combustion, les gaz frais, par l'intermédiaire des lumières de transfert, sont chassés du bas moteur vers la chambre de combustion. Un nouveau cycle peut alors recommencer.First: this is the intake / compression phase. The piston performs a translational movement from its bottom dead center position to its top dead center position, the combustion chamber fills with a compressed gas mixture. At the same time, in the crankcase, under the lower part of the piston is admitted, via the intake port, fresh gases loaded with fuel. Secondly: it is the combustion / exhaust phase. Under the effect of a spark from a candle opening into the combustion chamber or by self-ignition, the compressed gas mixture is ignited, the piston is violently driven down and it gives off the exhaust light allowing the evacuation of the combustion gases, the fresh gases, via the transfer lights, are expelled from the low engine to the combustion chamber. A new cycle can then start again.
En raison de sa conception, et particulièrement du fait que les lumières d'échappement et d'admission ne sont pas totalement et constamment fermées par le piston dans sa phase montante, il se produit :Due to its design, and particularly to the fact that the exhaust and intake ports are not totally and constantly closed by the piston in its rising phase, it occurs:
- des pertes de compression,- compression losses,
- un croisement entre le mélange de gaz frais admis et les gaz d'échappement.- a cross between the admitted fresh gas mixture and the exhaust gases.
Ces inconvénients se manifestent généralement au niveau du fonctionnement par un dégagement d' imbrûlés de combustion au niveau de l'échappement, se traduisant par une fumée importante, conduisant à une pollution de 1 ' environnement .These drawbacks are generally manifested in terms of operation by the release of unburnt combustion from the exhaust, resulting in significant smoke, leading to pollution of the environment.
Or, les mesures législatives actuelles prévoient d'imposer aux fabricants de moteur des contraintes sévères en matière de respect de l'environnement.However, current legislative measures provide for imposing severe constraints on environmental protection on engine manufacturers.
La présente invention a notamment pour but de pallier ces inconvénients, sans toutefois modifier de manière importante la structure du moteur pour qu'elle soit facilement applicable aux moteurs 2 temps fabriqués en grande série actuellement.The present invention aims in particular to overcome these drawbacks, without however significantly modifying the engine structure so that it is easily applicable to 2-stroke engines currently produced in large series.
A cet effet, selon l'invention, un moteur du genre en question est caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'injection est positionné sur la culasse en regard de la première face d'extrémité du piston de sorte que l'axe de symétrie du jet jaillissant du dispositif d'injection soit à contre-courant du sens d'écoulement du mélange de gaz.To this end, according to the invention, an engine of the kind in question is characterized in that the injection device is positioned on the cylinder head opposite the first end face of the piston so that the axis of symmetry of the jet gushing from the injection device is against the current of the direction of flow of the gas mixture.
Ces dispositions et notamment l'injection de carburant à contre-courant du mouvement de rotation ou de « tumble » du mélange de gaz, permettent d'améliorer les paramètres aérodynamiques de la formation du mélange combustible/mélange de gaz à l'intérieur de la chambre de combustion, sans rejet dans le conduit d'échappement et donc de réduire de manière substantielle les émissions de polluants .These provisions and in particular the injection of fuel against the current of the rotational movement or of “tumble” of the gas mixture, make it possible to improve the aerodynamic parameters of the formation of the fuel mixture / gas mixture inside the combustion chamber, without rejection in the exhaust pipe and therefore to reduce pollutant emissions substantially.
On notera, que ce dispositif d'injection peut facilement être implanté en réalisant un alésage traversant la culasse et qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de modifier la géométrie du piston.It should be noted that this injection device can easily be installed by making a bore passing through the cylinder head and that it is not necessary to modify the geometry of the piston.
Dans des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention, on peut éventuellement avoir recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes : le dispositif d'injection est positionné sur une première portion de la culasse située du côté de la lumière d'échappement et délimitée par un plan diamétral du cylindre sensiblement perpendiculaire à un deuxième plan diamétral du cylindre centré sur la lumière d'échappement, une bougie d'allumage est implantée sur une deuxième portion de la culasse située du côté opposé à la lumière d'échappement et délimitée par le plan diamétral du cylindre sensiblement perpendiculaire audit deuxième plan diamétral du cylindre centré sur la lumière d'échappement,In preferred embodiments of the invention, one can optionally have recourse to one and / or the other of the following arrangements: the injection device is positioned on a first portion of the cylinder head situated on the side of the exhaust port and delimited by a diametral plane of the cylinder substantially perpendicular to a second diametrical plane of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port, a spark plug is located on a second portion of the cylinder head located on the side opposite to the exhaust port and delimited by the diametral plane of the cylinder substantially perpendicular to said second diametrical plane of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port,
- l'axe de symétrie du jet de carburant fait un angle α par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du cylindre, cet angle α étant compris dans la fourchette de 30° à 70°, - l'axe de symétrie du jet de carburant est contenu dans un plan diamétral du cylindre qui fait un angle β par rapport audit deuxième plan diamétral du cylindre centré sur la lumière d'échappement, cet angle β étant compris dans la fourchette de -45° à +45°,the axis of symmetry of the fuel jet makes an angle α with respect to a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, this angle α being included in the range from 30 ° to 70 °, the axis of symmetry of the fuel jet is contained in a diametral plane of the cylinder which forms an angle β with respect to said second diametrical plane of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port, this angle β being included in the range of -45 ° to + 45 °,
- l'axe de symétrie du jet est incliné d'un angle δ par rapport à un axe longitudinal du dispositif d'injection, cet angle δ étant compris dans la fourchette -60° à + 60°,the axis of symmetry of the jet is inclined by an angle δ relative to a longitudinal axis of the injection device, this angle δ being included in the range -60 ° to + 60 °,
Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, celle-ci a pour objet également l'utilisation d'un moteur tel que précédemment visé, pour la motorisation d'un véhicule à 2 roues, d'un engin de loisir, d'un outillage ou analogue.According to another aspect of the invention, it also relates to the use of an engine as previously referred to, for the motorization of a 2-wheeled vehicle, a recreational vehicle, a tool or the like.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de 1 ' invention apparaîtront au cours de la description suivante d'une de ses formes de réalisation, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard des dessins joints. Sur les dessins :Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the following description of one of its embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un moteur à combustion interne selon l'invention, - la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale du moteur de la figure 1, le plan de coupe passant sensiblement au niveau de la lumière d'échappement.- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an internal combustion engine according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the engine of Figure 1, the section plane passing substantially at the level of the light exhaust.
Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes références désignent des éléments identiques ou similaires. La figure 1 représente de manière schématique et en coupe transversale un moteur 1, à combustion interne, à cycles à deux temps, à allumage commandé et à injection directe.In the different figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements. Figure 1 shows schematically and in cross section an engine 1, internal combustion, two-stroke cycles, spark ignition and direct injection.
Comme connu, dans chaque cylindre 2, aménagé dans le bloc moteur 1, un piston 3 est monté coulissant axialement selon un axe X longitudinal du cylindre 2, en va-et-vient et relié à un vilebrequin par une bielle 4.As is known, in each cylinder 2, arranged in the engine block 1, a piston 3 is mounted to slide axially along a longitudinal axis X of the cylinder 2, back and forth and connected to a crankshaft by a connecting rod 4.
Le piston 3 comporte une tête 6 dont une première face d'extrémité 7 délimite une chambre de combustion 8 avec le cylindre 2 correspondant et une culasse 16 du moteur 1, et dont une seconde face d'extrémité 9 délimite une cavité 10 avec le carter 11 du moteur 1.The piston 3 comprises a head 6, a first end face 7 of which delimits a combustion chamber 8 with the corresponding cylinder 2 and a cylinder head 16 of the engine 1, and a second end face 9 of which delimits a cavity 10 with the casing 11 of the engine 1.
On notera que la première face d'extrémité 7 du piston est sensiblement plane, c'est-à-dire qu'elle peut être légèrement bombée comme la plus part des pistons utilisés dans ce type de moteur, dits pistons à tête hémisphérique. Par contre, l'invention ne nécessite pas l'usage d'une cavité ou d'un relief protubérant sur la face du piston. Ainsi, l'invention peut facilement être appliquée à un moteur existant sans avoir à changer la technique de fabrication des pistons.It will be noted that the first end face 7 of the piston is substantially flat, that is to say that it can be slightly domed like most of the pistons used in this type of engine, called pistons with hemispherical head. On the other hand, the invention does not require the use of a protruding cavity or relief on the face of the piston. Thus, the invention can easily be applied to an existing engine without having to change the technique for manufacturing the pistons.
La chambre de combustion 8 et la cavité 10 sont reliées entre elles par au moins une lumière 12 et un canal de transfert 18 (visible en figure 1) permettant le passage entre la cavité 10 et la chambre de combustion 8 d'un mélange de gaz issu d'au moins une lumière d'admission 13 réalisée dans le cylindre 2, ce passage s'effectuant selon un écoulement rotatif autour d'un axe Y sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe X longitudinal du cylindre 2. Le mouvement de cet écoulement est connu sous le nom de « tumble » .The combustion chamber 8 and the cavity 10 are interconnected by at least one lumen 12 and a transfer channel 18 (visible in FIG. 1) allowing the passage between the cavity 10 and the combustion chamber 8 of a mixture of gases. from at least one intake port 13 produced in the cylinder 2, this passage taking place according to a rotary flow around an axis Y substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the cylinder 2. The movement of this flow is known as the "tumble".
Le mélange de gaz après combustion est extrait par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une lumière d'échappement 14 également réalisée dans le cylindre 2.The gas mixture after combustion is extracted via at least one exhaust port 14 also produced in the cylinder 2.
On peut noter que les lumières de transfert 12 , d'admission 13, d'échappement 14 ne sont pas toutes situées dans le même plan « horizontal » perpendiculaire à l'axe X, et qu'elles sont décalées selon l'axe longitudinal X du cylindre, afin qu'en fonction de la course du piston 3 dans le cylindre 2, au cours du cycle de fonctionnement du moteur à 2 temps, celui-ci obture ou ouvre en totalité ou en partie, l'une ou l'autre de ces lumières.It can be noted that the transfer lights 12, intake 13, exhaust 14 are not all located in the same "horizontal" plane perpendicular to the axis X, and that they are offset along the longitudinal axis X of the cylinder, so that depending on the stroke of the piston 3 in the cylinder 2, during the operating cycle of the 2-stroke engine, the latter closes or opens in whole or in part, one or the other of these lights.
Le cylindre 2 est recouvert par une culasse 16, qui en est rendue solidaire par des goujons ou analogues.The cylinder 2 is covered by a cylinder head 16, which is secured to it by studs or the like.
Un dispositif d'injection de carburant 15 est implanté sur la culasse 16 du moteur 1. Ce dispositif 15 permet d'injecter du carburant en direction de la première face d'extrémité 7 de la tête 6 du piston 3, selon au moins un jet qui présente un axe de symétrie. Cette injection s'effectue à contre-courant du mouvement de « tumble » du mélange de gaz.A fuel injection device 15 is installed on the cylinder head 16 of the engine 1. This device 15 makes it possible to inject fuel in the direction of the first end face 7 of the head 6 of the piston 3, according to at least one jet. which has an axis of symmetry. This injection is carried out against the current of "tumble" movement of the gas mixture.
Le dispositif d'injection 15 est de préférence positionné sur une première portion de la culasse 16 située du côté de la lumière d'échappement 14 et délimitée par un plan diamétral du cylindre perpendiculaire à un plan diamétral du cylindre centré sur la lumière d'échappement, et de trace V-V sur la figure 2. Ainsi, l'axe de symétrie du jet peut faire un angle α par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire P à l'axe longitudinal du cylindre, cet angle α étant compris dans la fourchette de 30° à 70° et correspondant à un angle de site.The injection device 15 is preferably positioned on a first portion of the cylinder head 16 situated on the side of the exhaust port 14 and delimited by a diametrical plane of the cylinder perpendicular to a diametrical plane of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port , and of trace VV in FIG. 2. Thus, the axis of symmetry of the jet can make an angle α with respect to a plane perpendicular P to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, this angle α being included in the range of 30 ° at 70 ° and corresponding to a site angle.
Comme représenté sur la figure 1, une bougie d'allumage 17 est également implantée sur la culasse 16 et sensiblement coaxiale à l'axe longitudinal du cylindre 2 et à la chambre de combustion. Mais la bougie d'allumage 17 peut être implantée à tout endroit de la culasse 16 compris dans une deuxième portion située du côté opposé à la lumière d'échappement et délimitée par le plan diamétral du cylindre perpendiculaire au plan diamétral V-V du cylindre centré sur la lumière d'échappement 14, de sorte que ses électrodes débouchent de préférence dans le demi-cylindre qui contient le débouché du canal de transfert 18. Le pilotage de l'étincelle est géré par un dispositif de commande (non représenté) conjointement avec le dispositif de cartographie d'injection.As shown in Figure 1, a spark plug 17 is also located on the cylinder head 16 and substantially coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 2 and the combustion chamber. However, the spark plug 17 can be installed at any point on the cylinder head 16 included in a second portion situated on the side opposite to the exhaust port and delimited by the diametral plane of the cylinder perpendicular to the diametral plane VV of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port 14, so that its electrodes preferably open into the half-cylinder which contains the outlet of the transfer channel 18. The piloting of the spark is managed by a control device (not shown) jointly with the device injection mapping.
Le jet comporte un axe de symétrie qui peut être incliné par rapport à l'axe principal du dispositif d'injecteur 15. Le dispositif d'injection 15 est piloté par un organe annexe au moteur (non représenté) qui permet de gérer une cartographie d'injection en fonction des conditions d'utilisation du moteur, cette cartographie étant adaptée en fonction de l'utilisation visée par le moteur.The jet has an axis of symmetry which can be inclined relative to the main axis of the device injector 15. The injection device 15 is controlled by a member annexed to the engine (not shown) which makes it possible to manage an injection map according to the conditions of use of the engine, this map being adapted according to the intended use of the engine.
Dans l'exemple représenté en figure 1, l'axe de symétrie du jet est incliné d'un angle δ par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du dispositif d'injection, cet angle δ pouvant être compris dans la fourchette -60° à + 60°. Sur la figure 2, on a représenté par l'angle β les différentes positions susceptibles d'être occupées par un plan diamétral du cylindre dans lequel est contenu l'axe de symétrie du jet du dispositif d'injection 15. Cet angle β est mesuré à partir du plan « vertical » V-V ou diamétral du cylindre 2, centré sur la lumière d'échappement 14, cet angle β étant compris dans la fourchette de -45° à +45° et correspondant sensiblement à un angle d'azimut.In the example shown in Figure 1, the axis of symmetry of the jet is inclined at an angle δ relative to the longitudinal axis of the injection device, this angle δ can be included in the range -60 ° to + 60 °. In FIG. 2, the angle β represents the various positions which may be occupied by a diametral plane of the cylinder in which is contained the axis of symmetry of the jet of the injection device 15. This angle β is measured from the “vertical” plane VV or diametral of the cylinder 2, centered on the exhaust port 14, this angle β being included in the range of -45 ° to + 45 ° and corresponding substantially to an azimuth angle.
On comprend que pour un tel moteur destiné à motoriser des véhicules à 2 roues du type notamment « scooter », des cyclomoteurs dont la cylindrée du moteur est comprise entre 50 cm3 et 125- cm3, ce type d'agencement de l'alimentation en carburant à injection directe à contre- courant est avantageux. Ce type de moteur peut trouver des applications dans le domaine de la motorisation d'outillage pour le jardinage (aspirateur, tronçonneuse, motoculteur...) , ou pour tout engin de loisir ou analogue (bateau, avion léger, engin tout terrain ... ) . It is understood that for such an engine intended to motorize two-wheeled vehicles of the type in particular "scooter", mopeds whose engine displacement is between 50 cm 3 and 125 cm 3 , this type of arrangement of the power supply in direct injection fuel against the current is advantageous. This type of motor can find applications in the field of motorized tools for gardening (vacuum cleaner, chainsaw, tiller, etc.), or for any recreational vehicle or the like (boat, light aircraft, all terrain vehicle, etc.). .).

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Agencement d'injection directe de carburant pour moteur à combustion interne, du type 2 temps, à au moins un cylindre (2) , un piston (3) monté coulissant axialement dans le cylindre (2), une culasse (16), et comportant un dispositif d'injection (15) directe de carburant selon au moins un jet ayant un axe de symétrie, le piston (3) ayant une tête (6) dont une première face d'extrémité (7), sensiblement plane, délimite une chambre de combustion (8) avec la culasse (16) et le cylindre (2) correspondant du moteur (1), et dont une seconde face d'extrémité (9) délimite une cavité (10) avec le carter du moteur (1) , la chambre de combustion (8) et la cavité (10) étant reliées entre elles par au moins une lumière (12) et un canal de transfert (18) permettant le passage entre la cavité (10) et la chambre de combustion (8) d'un mélange de gaz issu d'au moins une lumière d'admission (13) réalisée dans le cylindre1. Direct fuel injection arrangement for an internal combustion engine, of the 2-stroke type, with at least one cylinder (2), a piston (3) mounted to slide axially in the cylinder (2), a cylinder head (16), and comprising a direct fuel injection device (15) according to at least one jet having an axis of symmetry, the piston (3) having a head (6) including a first end face (7), substantially planar, delimits a combustion chamber (8) with the cylinder head (16) and the corresponding cylinder (2) of the engine (1), and a second end face (9) of which defines a cavity (10) with the engine casing (1 ), the combustion chamber (8) and the cavity (10) being interconnected by at least one lumen (12) and a transfer channel (18) allowing passage between the cavity (10) and the combustion chamber ( 8) a mixture of gases from at least one intake port (13) produced in the cylinder
(2), ce passage s 'effectuant selon un écoulement rotatif autour d'un axe sensiblement perpendiculaire à un axe longitudinal (X) du cylindre, ce mélange de gaz après combustion étant extrait par l'intermédiaire d'au moins une lumière d'échappement (14) réalisée dans le cylindre (2) caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'injection (15) est positionné sur la culasse (16) en regard de la première face d'extrémité (7) du piston (3) de sorte que l'axe de symétrie du jet jaillissant du dispositif d'injection soit à contre- courant du sens d'écoulement du mélange de gaz.(2), this passage taking place in a rotary flow around an axis substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis (X) of the cylinder, this mixture of gases after combustion being extracted via at least one light of exhaust (14) produced in the cylinder (2) characterized in that the injection device (15) is positioned on the cylinder head (16) opposite the first end face (7) of the piston (3) so that the axis of symmetry of the jet gushing from the injection device is against the current of the direction of flow of the gas mixture.
2. Agencement d'injection directe de carburant selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif d'injection2. Direct fuel injection arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the injection device
(15) est positionné sur une première portion de la culasse(15) is positioned on a first portion of the cylinder head
(16) située du côté de la lumière d'échappement (14) et délimitée par un plan diamétral du cylindre sensiblement perpendiculaire à un deuxième plan diamétral (V-V) du cylindre centré sur la lumière d'échappement (14).(16) located on the side of the exhaust port (14) and delimited by a diametral plane of the cylinder substantially perpendicular to a second diametral plane (VV) of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port (14).
3. Agencement d'injection directe de carburant selon la revendication 2, dans lequel une bougie d'allumage (17) est implantée sur une deuxième portion de la culasse (16) située du côté opposé à la lumière d'échappement (14) et délimitée par ledit plan diamétral du cylindre sensiblement perpendiculaire audit deuxième plan diamétral (V-V) du cylindre centré sur la lumière d'échappement (14).3. A direct fuel injection arrangement according to claim 2, in which a spark plug (17) is installed on a second portion of the cylinder head (16) situated on the side opposite to the exhaust port (14) and delimited by said diametral plane of the cylinder substantially perpendicular to said second diametral plane (VV) of the cylinder centered on the exhaust port (14).
4. Agencement d'injection directe de carburant selon la revendication 3, dans lequel l'axe de symétrie du jet de carburant fait un angle α par rapport à un plan (P) perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal (X) du cylindre (2), cet angle α étant compris dans la fourchette de 30° à 70°.4. A direct fuel injection arrangement according to claim 3, in which the axis of symmetry of the fuel jet makes an angle α with respect to a plane (P) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X) of the cylinder (2 ), this angle α being included in the range of 30 ° to 70 °.
5. Agencement d'injection directe de carburant selon la revendication 3 ou , dans lequel l'axe de symétrie du jet est contenu dans un plan qui fait un angle β par rapport audit deuxième plan diamétral du cylindre (V-V) centré sur la lumière d'échappement (14), cet angle β étant compris dans la fourchette de -45° à +45°. 5. A direct fuel injection arrangement according to claim 3 or, wherein the axis of symmetry of the jet is contained in a plane which makes an angle β with respect to said second diametrical plane of the cylinder (VV) centered on the light d exhaust (14), this angle β being included in the range of -45 ° to + 45 °.
6. Agencement d'injection directe de carburant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans lequel l'axe de symétrie du jet est incliné d'un angle δ par rapport à un axe longitudinal du dispositif d'injection, cet angle δ étant compris dans la fourchette -60° à + 60°. 6. direct fuel injection arrangement according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the axis of symmetry of the jet is inclined by an angle δ relative to a longitudinal axis of the injection device, this angle δ being included in the range -60 ° to + 60 °.
7. Utilisation d'un agencement d'injection selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 pour la motorisation d'un véhicule 2 roues.7. Use of an injection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for the motorization of a 2-wheel vehicle.
8. Utilisation d'un agencement d'injection selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6 pour la motorisation d'un engin de loisir.8. Use of an injection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 6 for the motorization of a recreational vehicle.
9. Utilisation d'un agencement d'injection selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 pour la motorisation d'un outillage. 9. Use of an injection arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the motorization of a tool.
PCT/FR2002/001410 2001-04-25 2002-04-24 Direct fuel injection design for an internal combustion engine WO2002086310A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0105565A FR2824113B1 (en) 2001-04-25 2001-04-25 DIRECT FUEL INJECTION ARRANGEMENT FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR01/05565 2001-04-25

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WO2002086310B1 WO2002086310B1 (en) 2003-03-27

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2864578A1 (en) 2003-12-31 2005-07-01 Magneti Marelli Motopropulsion Two stroke engine, has injector for spraying fuel jet into combustion chamber, where jet is diffused at angle lying between specific degrees, and fuel injection starts when crankshaft is situated at specific angle

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JPH07247841A (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-26 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Cylinder fuel injection two-stroke engine
JPH0893599A (en) * 1994-09-20 1996-04-09 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Fuel injection device for two-cycle engine
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GB2039614A (en) * 1979-01-18 1980-08-13 Zschopau Motorrad Veb Two-stroke fuel injection engine with piston controlled ports
US5782217A (en) * 1993-10-12 1998-07-21 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Piston for two cycle engine
JPH07247841A (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-26 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Cylinder fuel injection two-stroke engine
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2864578A1 (en) 2003-12-31 2005-07-01 Magneti Marelli Motopropulsion Two stroke engine, has injector for spraying fuel jet into combustion chamber, where jet is diffused at angle lying between specific degrees, and fuel injection starts when crankshaft is situated at specific angle
WO2005073533A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-08-11 Magneti Marelli Motopropulsion France Sas Direct injection two-stroke engine

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