WO2002077907A1 - Method for guiding the user of a biometric system having fingerprint input - Google Patents

Method for guiding the user of a biometric system having fingerprint input Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002077907A1
WO2002077907A1 PCT/DE2002/000898 DE0200898W WO02077907A1 WO 2002077907 A1 WO2002077907 A1 WO 2002077907A1 DE 0200898 W DE0200898 W DE 0200898W WO 02077907 A1 WO02077907 A1 WO 02077907A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor
user
fingerprint
finger
instructions
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Application number
PCT/DE2002/000898
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Josef Birchbauer
Kurt Heschgl
Wolfgang Marius
Bernd Wachmann
Martin Winter
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to EP02729788A priority Critical patent/EP1371011A1/en
Publication of WO2002077907A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002077907A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/98—Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human intervention; Evaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/98—Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human intervention; Evaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns
    • G06V10/993—Evaluation of the quality of the acquired pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/1347—Preprocessing; Feature extraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/60—Static or dynamic means for assisting the user to position a body part for biometric acquisition
    • G06V40/67—Static or dynamic means for assisting the user to position a body part for biometric acquisition by interactive indications to the user

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for user guidance of a biometric system with fingerprint input, in which a user brings at least one finger into contact with / to a fingerprint sensor and the system uses the data supplied by the sensor to extract features for storage and / or Comparing the features.
  • fingerprints on an electronic basis has, in addition to the well-known importance in criminalistics, also gained considerable importance in many other areas, for example in credit card and cash dispensing machines, in access control to buildings and rooms, in authorization control in computer systems, telecommunications devices, etc.
  • a fingerprint sensor is used to enter a fingerprint into the respective system, which, for example, scans the finger surface, more precisely a fingertip, by means of optical or capacitive sensors or ultrasonic sensors.
  • Characteristics important for fingerprint recognition or for comparison are extracted from the information obtained, these being characteristics of the papillary lines of particular importance, namely end points, branches, islands and other singular characteristics, all called minutiae. This is explained in more detail, for example, in WO 98/52149 by the applicant.
  • a reference fingerprint which is used for comparison when the respective user enters a fingerprint.
  • Systems often have a library of fingerprints from different users or more than one finger from a single user.
  • the reference fingerprints can be provided to the system, for example, in electronic form, but there are many systems that are set up so that a user first enters the previously unknown fingerprint and this fingerprint is then stored in the system, of course together with one User names, code, etc. This process is called enrollment, in contrast to the so-called matching, in which, for example, a comparison is made between a currently entered fingerprint and a fingerprint stored in the system for identification.
  • Identification with the help of fingerprints offers a high level of security due to the uniqueness of a fingerprint, although it should be noted that this security depends on the type of feature extraction from the fingerprint image. The more accurate this extraction is, the more features are available to increase security. The problem arises that when a fingerprint is recorded with the aid of the sensor, a large number of errors can occur which lead to a qualitatively unsatisfactory recording of the fingerprint and then make it impossible to record a sufficient number of features or to make a sensible comparison.
  • the user receives a special incentive to help with the optimization if the instructions contain a representation of the current fingerprint captured by the sensor. It is useful if to display the current of the sensor a target geometry is displayed, such as a target area or target position.
  • the invention also has particular advantages if the instructions contain optimizing information relating to a physical correction of the finger surface, such as moistening, drying or cleaning.
  • the instructions contain optimizing information regarding the pressing force of the finger against a sensor surface.
  • the data supplied to the sensor are fed to an image acquisition and their image data are subjected to a quality assessment, the optimizing instructions being transmitted to the user only if the quality assessment results in a quality measure which is below a predeterminable minimum .
  • the quality assessment is carried out on the basis of individual features from which an overall quality measure is derived. In this case, an evaluated individual feature, for example the structure of the fingerprint lines, the covered sensor area, the uniformity of the gray distribution or the percentage of defective sensor pixels can be.
  • the task is also solved with a biometric system for performing the method according to the features specified above.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the sequence of the method according to the invention in a biometric system
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible screen illustration sketched in FIG. 1 with instructions for a user on a larger scale
  • FIG. 3 shows a further screen representation from FIG. 1, enlarged.
  • a biometric system for example one that controls the access authorization to a computer network, has a fingerprint input FAE, as used, for. B. in Connection with a computer mouse in WO 00/38096 and WO 00/38105 of the applicant is disclosed.
  • This fingerprint input FAE contains a fingerprint sensor FAS, the z. B. is formed as a semiconductor chip and based on electro-optical or capacitive methods scans the surface of a fingertip, which is placed on a support surface for this purpose, which can be integrated with the fingerprint sensor.
  • the data supplied by the FAS sensor is sent to an BQB image quality evaluation via an electronic BEF image acquisition.
  • Various features of the recorded fingerprint are recorded here, in particular the structure of the fingerprint lines, the sensor area covered by the finger, the uniformity of the gray distribution, the percentage of any defective sensor pixels, etc.
  • an overall image quality measure is derived from the different weighting of the individual quality features. If this dimension reaches a predefinable target dimension, the usual image processing takes place with feature extraction and then either an enrollment, a verification or an identification in the usual way.
  • a feedback logic is activated which aims to optimize the information supplied by the sensor FAS.
  • a knowledge base is used, in which, for. B. the properties and problems when recording with the sensor used are stored. This includes the type d. H. the principle of operation of the sensor, the dimensions of the sensor surface etc.
  • the knowledge base for a capacitive sensor contains the information that moist or wet skin leads to images that are too dark, but very dry skin leads to bright images.
  • a screen display is shown with an already recorded fingerprint.
  • the outline and relative position of the second image in relation to the first are shown symbolically as a grid provides.
  • Green color means an optimal compromise from the system's perspective between the reliability of the relative location estimate and the area enlargement achieved.
  • Yellow color indicates that only a little potential for improvement is possible by entering the second image, for example when the second image is completely contained in the first. Red color indicates that even the spatial assignment of the pictures is doubtful and therefore no improvement is to be expected
  • instructions can optionally also be output via a printer PRI or additionally or in simple cases also alone via a dot matrix PMA.
  • this dot matrix can consist, for example, of four light-emitting diodes which indicate to the user a directional correction with regard to the resting of the finger on the sensor. In the present case, the user should slide his finger in the direction of the flashing arrow in order to improve the image quality.
  • the dot matrix display can inform the user of the increase or decrease in quality by changing the display color, for example by changing from green to red or vice versa.
  • FIG. 2 shows a possible display structure with instructions for an enroument.
  • the sensor area is shown in the large field on the left ("Finger Data"), and the actually recorded area of a finger is faded in. The user can thus see here that his finger surface is clearly not being detected at the moment.
  • Finger Data the large field on the left
  • Below this field are three fields which, in the example considered, show how many of three fingerprints required for an enroUment have already been taken and processed. In the present case, it is indicated that a fingerprint has already been processed, but two further (empty) fields are required.
  • a possible display is to be illustrated, which indicates which of the fingers of one hand should be assigned next to the fingerprint entry.
  • the index finger of the right hand has already been registered, which is shown by the darkened round field, whereas the middle finger of the right hand is to be fed as the next finger, which is shown here by an arrow.
  • a pictorial instruction with text is shown, according to which the pressing force of the finger against the contact surface of the sensor FAS is to be increased. 2 of course require a monitor, but this is present anyway in connection with PC solutions.
  • the user is given instructions regarding the quality (fingerprint quality) and the actual contact surface (fingerprint area) on a monitor image in connection with a matching, which is indicated by rising or falling bars which in practice have different colors display, is done.
  • the user receives a pictorial representation of the captured fingerprint compared to the entire sensor area.
  • a font is shown (IMPRESSION TOO SMALL), which indicates that the total print area is too small.
  • the user will therefore try to increase this area by correspondingly moving or pressing on his finger, etc., which also increases the bar on the right (fingerprint area) and enables a successful comparison.
  • the feedback and the image quality evaluation are therefore in a mutual relationship or a causal connection.
  • the image quality assessment eliminates lower quality fingerprints that do not appear to be suitable for further processing and / or feature extraction, and the feedback analyzes the cause of the image rejection and then clarifies the system view to the user.
  • a precise diagnosis in connection with previous knowledge (knowledge base) about possible causes of problems enables the formulation of concrete solution proposals, in particular via a visualization, which of course has to be adapted to the circumstances and the technical possibilities of the system used.
  • One essence of the invention is evidently that it can lead the user to a certain behavior when using a biometric system. Any problems are presented to the user in a transparent and generally understandable manner, so that, assuming the user's cooperative behavior, interaction with the system increases the recognition performance and, for example, access control can be made much more convenient.
  • the invention also takes into account a recurring unexpected or undesirable behavior of a user, as well as the fact that the skin condition in combination with the measuring principle used in each case is a limiting factor.
  • the optimal visual representation on a monitor can be dispensed with and messages can be output via simple LCD displays or in printed form, some of which are given for illustration:
  • the invention is particularly advantageous for the EnroUment, which generally represents the user's first contact with the system and subsequently decisively determines recognition, since it enables suitable user guidance.
  • the color coding of the grid lines in the sense of the usual traffic light colors can be used, for example Probability of success for a merger can be expressed. Thanks to the invention, relatively complex facts can be made transparent for the user and reduced to the comparatively simple task of maximizing the chances of success by varying the sensor / finger interaction.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for guiding the user of a biometric system having fingerprint input, whereby a user respectively brings at least one finger into contact with a fingerprint sensor (FAS) or towards the same, and the system extracts characteristics - using the data supplied by the sensor - in order to store and/or compare the same. Optical and/or acoustic instructions are thus transmitted to the user, according to the sensor/finger interaction, said instructions targeting an optimisation of the information supplied by the sensor, according to pre-determinable criteria.

Description

VERFAHREN ZUR BENUTZERFUHRUNG EINES BIOMETRISCHEN SYSTEMS MIT METHOD FOR USER GUIDING A BIOMETRIC SYSTEM WITH
FΓNGERABDRUCKEΓNGABEFΓNGERABDRUCKEΓNGABE
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Benutzerführung eines biometrischen Systems mit Fingerabdruckeingabe, bei welchem ein Benutzer jeweils zumindest einen Finger in Kontakt mit/zu einem Fingerabdrucksensor bringt und das System aus den von dem Sensor gelieferten Daten eine Merkmalsextraktion für eine Speicherung und/oder einen Vergleich der Merkmale vornimmt.The invention relates to a method for user guidance of a biometric system with fingerprint input, in which a user brings at least one finger into contact with / to a fingerprint sensor and the system uses the data supplied by the sensor to extract features for storage and / or Comparing the features.
Die Identifizierung von Fingerabdrücken auf elektronischer Basis hat neben der bekannten Bedeutung in der Kriminalistik auch auf vielen anderen Gebieten erhebliche Bedeutung gewonnen, beispielsweise bei Kreditkarten- und Geldausgabeautomaten, bei der Zutrittskontrolle zu Gebäuden und Räumen, der Berechtigungskontrolle bei Computersystemen, Telekommunikationsgeräten etc.The identification of fingerprints on an electronic basis has, in addition to the well-known importance in criminalistics, also gained considerable importance in many other areas, for example in credit card and cash dispensing machines, in access control to buildings and rooms, in authorization control in computer systems, telecommunications devices, etc.
Zur Eingabe eines Fingerabdrucks in das jeweilige System dient ein Fingerabdrucksensor, der beispielsweise mittels optischer oder kapazitiver Sensoren oder Ultraschallsensoren die Fingeroberfläche, genauer gesagt eine Fingerkuppe abtastet. Aus der erhaltenen Information werden für Fingerabdruckerkennung bzw. für den Vergleich wichtige Merkmale extrahiert, wobei es sich um Merkmale der Papillarlinien von besonderer Bedeutung, nämlich um Endpunkte, Verzweigungen, Inseln und andere singuläre Merkmale, insgesamt Minutien genannt, handelt. Dies ist beispielsweise in der WO 98/52149 der Anmelderin näher erläutert.A fingerprint sensor is used to enter a fingerprint into the respective system, which, for example, scans the finger surface, more precisely a fingertip, by means of optical or capacitive sensors or ultrasonic sensors. Characteristics important for fingerprint recognition or for comparison are extracted from the information obtained, these being characteristics of the papillary lines of particular importance, namely end points, branches, islands and other singular characteristics, all called minutiae. This is explained in more detail, for example, in WO 98/52149 by the applicant.
Für die laufende und übliche Benutzung eines biometrischen Systems ist es erforderlich, dass dem System ein Referenzfingerabdruck bekannt ist, der bei einer Fingerabdruckeingabe durch den jeweiligen Benutzer zum Vergleich dient. Dabei besitzen Systeme oft eine Bibliothek von Fingerabdrücken verschiedener Benutzer bzw. auch von mehr als einem Finger eines einzelnen Benutzers. Die Referenzfingerabdrücke können dem System beispielsweise in elektronischer Form zur Verfügung gestellt werden, doch gibt es viele Systeme, die dazu eingerichtet sind, dass ein Benutzer zunächst den noch nicht bekannt gewesenen Fingerabdruck eingibt und dieser Fingerabdruck dann in dem System gespeichert wird, natürlich zusammen mit einem Benutzernamen, Code etc. Diesen Vorgang nennt man Enrollment, im Gegensatz zu dem sogenannten Matching, bei welchem beispielsweise zur Identifikation ein Vergleich zwischen einem aktuell eingegebenen Fingerabdruck und einem in dem System gespeicherten Fingerabdruck erfolgt. Eine Identifikation mit Hilfe von Fingerabdrücken, gegebenenfalls zusätzlich zur Eingabe eines Codes etc. bietet aufgrund der Einmaligkeit eines Fingerabdruckes eine hohe Sicherheit, wozu allerdings zu bemerken ist, dass diese Sicherheit von der Art der Merkmalsextraktion aus dem Fingerabdruckbild abhängt. Je genauer diese Extraktion erfolgt, um so mehr Merkmale stehen zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit zur Verfügung. Dabei tritt die Problematik auf, dass bei der Aufnahme eines Fingerabdrucks mit Hilfe des Sensors eine große Anzahl von Fehlern auftreten können, welche zu einer qualitativ nicht befriedigenden Aufnahme des Fingerabdrucks führen und sodann die Erfassung genügend vieler Merkmale bzw. einen vernünftigen Vergleich unmöglich machen.For the current and usual use of a biometric system, it is necessary for the system to know a reference fingerprint, which is used for comparison when the respective user enters a fingerprint. Systems often have a library of fingerprints from different users or more than one finger from a single user. The reference fingerprints can be provided to the system, for example, in electronic form, but there are many systems that are set up so that a user first enters the previously unknown fingerprint and this fingerprint is then stored in the system, of course together with one User names, code, etc. This process is called enrollment, in contrast to the so-called matching, in which, for example, a comparison is made between a currently entered fingerprint and a fingerprint stored in the system for identification. Identification with the help of fingerprints, possibly in addition to entering a code etc., offers a high level of security due to the uniqueness of a fingerprint, although it should be noted that this security depends on the type of feature extraction from the fingerprint image. The more accurate this extraction is, the more features are available to increase security. The problem arises that when a fingerprint is recorded with the aid of the sensor, a large number of errors can occur which lead to a qualitatively unsatisfactory recording of the fingerprint and then make it impossible to record a sufficient number of features or to make a sensible comparison.
Beispielsweise spielt bei kapazitiven Sensoren die Hautfeuchtigkeit eine große Rolle, und Verschmutzungen eines Fingers können auch bei anderen Sensoren zu Problemen führen. Da üblicherweise ein Fingerballen gegen eine Sensorfläche gepresst werden muss, führt auch ein zu geringer oder ein zu großer Auflagedruck zu unbefriedigenden Fingerabdruckbildern und zu einer mangelhaften Qualität, die eine Auswertung nicht ermöglicht.For example, skin capacitance plays a major role with capacitive sensors, and contamination of a finger can also cause problems with other sensors. Since a ball of finger usually has to be pressed against a sensor surface, a contact pressure that is too low or too great also leads to unsatisfactory fingerprint images and to a poor quality, which does not allow an evaluation.
Man hat nach dem Stand der Technik versucht, den Benutzer z. B. durch farbige Lämpchen mitzuteilen, dass ein Aufnahmevorgang noch andauert oder beendet ist, bzw. nicht erfolgreich war. Dementsprechend kann sich der Benutzer verhalten, sodass er beispielsweise nicht während des Aufnahmevorganges den Finger von dem Sensor entfernt. Falls ein Misserfolg angezeigt wird, wird der Benutzer den Vorgang der Fingerabdruckaufnahme von sich aus wiederholen. Alle diese bekannten Verfahren sind jedoch nicht befriedigend, da der Benutzer keine Information erhält, was er nun eigentlich falsch gemacht hat und wie er es besser machen könnte. Wiederholte Fehleingaben führen bei vielen Systemen aus Sicherheitsgründen zu Blockierungen und sind daher äußerst unerwünscht.Attempts have been made according to the prior art to z. B. to indicate by colored lights that a recording process is still ongoing or finished, or was not successful. The user can behave accordingly so that, for example, he does not remove his finger from the sensor during the recording process. If a failure is indicated, the user will repeat the fingerprinting process on his own. However, all of these known methods are unsatisfactory since the user receives no information as to what he has actually done wrong and how he could do it better. Repeated incorrect entries lead to blockages in many systems for security reasons and are therefore extremely undesirable.
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt darin, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches bei der Fingerab- druckeingabe eine optimierende Benutzerführung ermöglicht, so dass die oben genannten Nachteile und Probleme weitgehend vermieden sind.It is an object of the invention to provide a method which enables an optimized user guidance when entering the fingerprint, so that the disadvantages and problems mentioned above are largely avoided.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren der "eingangs genannten Art gelöst, bei welchem erfindungsgemäß dem Benutzer in Abhängigkeit von der Sensor/Finger-Interaktion optische und/oder akustische Anweisungen übermittelt werden, welche auf eine Optimierung der seitens des Sensors gelieferten Information nach vorgebbaren Kriterien abzielen.This object is achieved with a method of "the type mentioned, in which according to the invention to the user in response to the sensor / finger interaction visual and / or audible instructions to be transmitted targeting which supplied information on the optimization of the part of the sensor according to preselectable criteria ,
Der Benutzer erhält einen besonderen Anreiz zur Mithilfe bei der Optimierung, wenn die Anweisungen eine Darstellung des aktuellen von dem Sensor erfassten Fingerabdrucks enthalten. Zweckmäßig ist es dabei, wenn zu der Darstellung des aktuell von dem Sensor erfassten Fingerabdrucks eine Sollgeometrie eingeblendet wird, wie eine Sollfläche oder Solllage.The user receives a special incentive to help with the optimization if the instructions contain a representation of the current fingerprint captured by the sensor. It is useful if to display the current of the sensor a target geometry is displayed, such as a target area or target position.
Besondere Vorteile bringt die Erfindung auch, wenn die Anweisungen optimierende Informationen bezüglich einer physikalischen Korrektur der Fingeroberfläche, wie Anfeuchten, Trocknen oder Reinigen beinhalten.The invention also has particular advantages if the instructions contain optimizing information relating to a physical correction of the finger surface, such as moistening, drying or cleaning.
Andererseits kann es zusätzlich oder alternativ auch vorteilhaft sein, wenn die Anweisungen optimierende Informationen bezüglich der Anpresskraft des Fingers gegen eine Sensoroberfläche beinhalten.On the other hand, it can additionally or alternatively also be advantageous if the instructions contain optimizing information regarding the pressing force of the finger against a sensor surface.
Bei einer zweckmäßigen Variante der Erfindung ist weiters vorgesehen, dass die dem Sensor gelieferten Daten einer Bilderfassung zugeführt und deren Bilddaten einer Qualitätsbewertung unterzogen werden, wobei dem Benutzer nur dann optimierende Anweisungen übermittelt werden, falls die Qualitätsbewertung ein Qualitätsmaß ergibt, das unterhalb eines vorgebbaren Minimums liegt. In der Praxis hat es sich dabei als zweckmäßig erwiesen, wenn die Qualitätsbewertung auf Basis von Einzelmerkmalen erfolgt, aus welchen ein Gesamtqua- litätsmaß abgeleitet wird. Dabei kann ein bewertetes Einzelmerkmal, beispielsweise die Strukturausprägung der Fingerabdrucklinien, die bedeckte Sensorfläche, die Gleichmäßigkeit der Grauverteilung oder Prozentsatz defekter Sensorpixel sein.In an expedient variant of the invention, it is further provided that the data supplied to the sensor are fed to an image acquisition and their image data are subjected to a quality assessment, the optimizing instructions being transmitted to the user only if the quality assessment results in a quality measure which is below a predeterminable minimum , In practice, it has proven to be expedient if the quality assessment is carried out on the basis of individual features from which an overall quality measure is derived. In this case, an evaluated individual feature, for example the structure of the fingerprint lines, the covered sensor area, the uniformity of the gray distribution or the percentage of defective sensor pixels can be.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird auch mit einem biometrischen System zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß den oben angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.The task is also solved with a biometric system for performing the method according to the features specified above.
Die Erfindung samt weiteren Vorteilen ist im folgenden anhand beispielsweiser Ausführungen näher erläutert, die in der Zeichnung veranschaulicht sind. In dieser zeigenThe invention and further advantages are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing. In this show
• Fig. l in schematischer Darstellung den Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bei einem biometrischen System,1 shows a schematic representation of the sequence of the method according to the invention in a biometric system,
• Fig. 2 eine-mögliche in Fig. l skizzierte Bildschirmdarstellung mit Anweisungen für einen Benutzer in größerem Maßstab und2 shows a possible screen illustration sketched in FIG. 1 with instructions for a user on a larger scale and
• Fig.3 eine weitere Bildschirmdarstellung aus Fig. l, vergrößert.3 shows a further screen representation from FIG. 1, enlarged.
Gemäß Fig. l besitzt ein biometrisches System, beispielsweise ein solches, das die Zugriffsberechtigung zu einem Computernetz steuert, eine Fingerabdruckeingabe FAE, wie sie z. B. in Zusammenhang mit einer Computermaus in der WO 00/38096 und der WO 00/38105 der Anmelderin geoffenbart ist.According to FIG. 1, a biometric system, for example one that controls the access authorization to a computer network, has a fingerprint input FAE, as used, for. B. in Connection with a computer mouse in WO 00/38096 and WO 00/38105 of the applicant is disclosed.
Diese Fingerabdruckeingabe FAE enthält einen Fingerabdrucksensor FAS, der z. B. als Halbleiterchip ausgebildet ist und auf elektrooptisch oder kapazitiven Verfahren beruhend die Oberfläche einer Fingerkuppe abtastet, die zu diesem Zweck auf eine Auflagefläche gelegt wird, welche mit dem Fingerabdrucksensor integriert sein kann.This fingerprint input FAE contains a fingerprint sensor FAS, the z. B. is formed as a semiconductor chip and based on electro-optical or capacitive methods scans the surface of a fingertip, which is placed on a support surface for this purpose, which can be integrated with the fingerprint sensor.
Die seitens des Sensors FAS gelieferten Daten gelangen über eine elektronische Bilderfassung BEF zu einer Bildqualitätsbewertung BQB. Hier werden verschiedene Merkmale des erfass- ten Fingerabdrucks erhoben, insbesondere die Strukturausprägung der Fingerabdrucklinien, die von dem Finger bedeckte Sensorfläche, die Gleichmäßigkeit der Grauverteilung, der Prozentsatz allfällig defekter Sensorpixel etc.The data supplied by the FAS sensor is sent to an BQB image quality evaluation via an electronic BEF image acquisition. Various features of the recorded fingerprint are recorded here, in particular the structure of the fingerprint lines, the sensor area covered by the finger, the uniformity of the gray distribution, the percentage of any defective sensor pixels, etc.
Je nach Anwendung wird durch unterschiedliche Gewichtung der einzelnen Qualitätsmerkmale ein Gesamt-Bild-Qualitätsmaß abgeleitet. Falls dieses Maß ein vorgebbares Sollmaß erreicht, erfolgt die übliche Bildverarbeitung mit Merkmalsextraktion und daraufhin entweder ein Enrollment, eine Verifikation oder eine Identifikation in üblicher Weise.Depending on the application, an overall image quality measure is derived from the different weighting of the individual quality features. If this dimension reaches a predefinable target dimension, the usual image processing takes place with feature extraction and then either an enrollment, a verification or an identification in the usual way.
Falls jedoch das Gesamt-Qualitätsmaß das Sollmaß nicht erreicht, wird eine Feedback-Logik aktiviert, welche auf eine Optimierung der seitens des Sensors FAS gelieferten Informationen abzielt. Dazu wird eine Wissensbasis eingesetzt, in welcher z. B. die Eigenschaften und Probleme bei der Aufnahme mit dem verwendeten Sensor abgespeichert sind. Dazu gehören die Art, d. h. des Funktionsprinzip des Sensors, die Abmessungen der Sensorfläche etc. Beispielsweise enthält die Wissensbasis für einen kapazitiven Sensor die Information, dass feuchte oder nasse Haut zu Bildern führt, die zu dunkel sind, sehr trockene Haut hingegen zu hellen Bildern.If, however, the overall quality measure does not reach the target measure, a feedback logic is activated which aims to optimize the information supplied by the sensor FAS. For this purpose, a knowledge base is used, in which, for. B. the properties and problems when recording with the sensor used are stored. This includes the type d. H. the principle of operation of the sensor, the dimensions of the sensor surface etc. For example, the knowledge base for a capacitive sensor contains the information that moist or wet skin leads to images that are too dark, but very dry skin leads to bright images.
Es kann somit die Ursache für eine Bildrückweisung durch die Qualitätsbewertung erkannt werden, sodass eine möglichst genaue Anweisung an den Benutzer ausgegeben werden kann, welche bei Beachtung durch den Benutzer zu einer Optimierung-des Bildes führtr~ It is thus the cause be recognized for image rejection by the quality assessment, so that the most accurate statement can be issued to the user which at attention by the user to optimize the image-führtr ~
Links in Fig. 1 sind zwei Bildschirmdarstellungen mit Anweisungen an den Benutzer dargestellt, die weiter unten näher beschrieben werden. Bei einer der drei hier gezeigten möglichen optischen Anweisungen in dem dritten Feld von oben ist eine Bildschirmdarstellung mit einem bereits erfassten Fingerabdruck gezeigt. Durch die Eingabe eines zweiten Bildes soll die Fläche und Qualität dieses bereits erfassten Fingerabdrucks verbessert werden. Umriss und relative Lage des zweiten Bildes in Bezug auf das erste sind symbolisch als Raster darge- stellt. Somit kann der Benutzer während der Bewegung des Fingers erkennen, inwieweit die Fläche des ersten Fingerabdruckes durch die Eingabe des zweiten Bildes vergrößert werden kann. Zusätzlich wird ihm über die Farbe des Rasters mitgeteilt, wie das System den Qualitätszuwachs des Fingerabdrucks durch das zweite Bild bewertet: Grüne Farbe bedeutet dabei einen aus Sicht des Systems optimalen Kompromiss zwischen der Verlässlichkeit der relativen Lageabschätzung und der erzielten Flächenvergrößerung. Gelbe Farbe zeigt dagegen an, dass nur eher geringes Verbesserungspotential durch die Eingabe des zweiten Bildes möglich ist, beispielsweise dann, wenn das zweite Bild vollständig im ersten enthalten ist. Rote Farbe deutet darauf hin, dass sogar schon die räumliche Zuordnung der Bilder zweifelhaft und daher eine Verbesserung nicht zu erwarten istOn the left in FIG. 1, two screen representations are shown with instructions to the user, which are described in more detail below. In one of the three possible optical instructions shown here in the third field from above, a screen display is shown with an already recorded fingerprint. By entering a second image, the area and quality of this already recorded fingerprint should be improved. The outline and relative position of the second image in relation to the first are shown symbolically as a grid provides. Thus, during the movement of the finger, the user can see to what extent the area of the first fingerprint can be enlarged by entering the second image. In addition, the color of the grid tells him how the system evaluates the quality increase of the fingerprint from the second image: Green color means an optimal compromise from the system's perspective between the reliability of the relative location estimate and the area enlargement achieved. Yellow color, on the other hand, indicates that only a little potential for improvement is possible by entering the second image, for example when the second image is completely contained in the first. Red color indicates that even the spatial assignment of the pictures is doubtful and therefore no improvement is to be expected
Außerdem ist gezeigt, dass Anweisungen gegebenenfalls auch über einen Drucker PRI ausgegeben werden können oder zusätzlich bzw. in einfachen Fällen auch alleine über eine Punktmatrix PMA. Diese Punktmatrix kann beispielsweise, wie hier gezeigt, aus vier Leuchtdioden bestehen, welche dem Benutzer eine Richtungskorrektur hinsichtlich der Auflage des Fingers auf dem Sensor anzeigen. Im vorliegenden Fall soll der Benutzer den Finger in Richtung des blinkenden Pfeils verschieben, um eine Verbesserung der Bildqualität zu erreichen. Die Punktmatrixanzeige kann auch hier durch Änderung der Anzeigefarbe den Benutzer über die Qualitätssteigerung oder -Verminderung informieren, beispielsweise durch einen Übergang von grün auf rot oder umgekehrt.In addition, it is shown that instructions can optionally also be output via a printer PRI or additionally or in simple cases also alone via a dot matrix PMA. As shown here, this dot matrix can consist, for example, of four light-emitting diodes which indicate to the user a directional correction with regard to the resting of the finger on the sensor. In the present case, the user should slide his finger in the direction of the flashing arrow in order to improve the image quality. Here, too, the dot matrix display can inform the user of the increase or decrease in quality by changing the display color, for example by changing from green to red or vice versa.
Aus Fig. 2 erkennt man eine mögliche Anzeigestruktur mit Anweisungen für ein EnroUment. In dem großen Feld links („Finger Data") ist die Sensorfläche dargestellt, und in diese ist der tatsächlich aufgenommene Bereich eines Fingers eingeblendet. Der Benutzer erkennt somit hier, dass im Augenblick sichtlich zuwenig seiner Fingeroberfläche erfasst wird. Unterhalb dieses Feldes sind drei Felder vorgesehen, welche bei dem betrachteten Beispiel anzeigen, wie viele von drei für ein EnroUment erforderlichen Fingerabdrücken bereits abgenommen und verarbeitet wurden. Im vorliegenden Fall ist angezeigt, dass bereits ein Fingerabdruck verarbeitet wurde, jedoch noch zwei weitere (leere) Felder erforderlich sind.2 shows a possible display structure with instructions for an enroument. The sensor area is shown in the large field on the left ("Finger Data"), and the actually recorded area of a finger is faded in. The user can thus see here that his finger surface is clearly not being detected at the moment. Below this field are three fields which, in the example considered, show how many of three fingerprints required for an enroUment have already been taken and processed. In the present case, it is indicated that a fingerprint has already been processed, but two further (empty) fields are required.
In dem Feld rechts oben mit den-beiden Händen soll eine mögliche Anzeige veranschaulicht sein, die angibt, welcher der Finger einer Hand als Nächster der Fingerabdruckeingabe zugeordnet werden soll. Im vorliegenden Fall ist der Zeigefinger der rechten Hand bereits erfasst worden, was durch das verdunkelte runde Feld gezeigt ist, wogegen als nächster Finger der Mittelfinger der rechten Hand der Fingerabdruckeingabe zugeführt werden soll, was hier durch einen Pfeil gezeigt ist. Unterhalb des soeben beschriebenen Feldes ist eine bildliche Anweisung mit Text gezeigt, gemäß welcher die Anpresskraft des Fingers gegen die Auflagefläche des Sensors FAS erhöht werden soll. Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 2 erfordern natürlich einen Monitor, der jedoch im Zusammenhang mit PC-Lösungen ohnedies vorhanden ist.In the field at the top right with the two hands, a possible display is to be illustrated, which indicates which of the fingers of one hand should be assigned next to the fingerprint entry. In the present case, the index finger of the right hand has already been registered, which is shown by the darkened round field, whereas the middle finger of the right hand is to be fed as the next finger, which is shown here by an arrow. Below the field just described, a pictorial instruction with text is shown, according to which the pressing force of the finger against the contact surface of the sensor FAS is to be increased. 2 of course require a monitor, but this is present anyway in connection with PC solutions.
Bei der Darstellung nach Fig. 3 wird auf einem Monitorbild im Zusammenhang mit einem Matching dem Benutzer eine Anweisung hinsichtlich der Qualität (Fingerprint Quality) sowie der tatsächlichen Auflagefläche (Fingerprint Area) gegeben, was durch steigende oder fallende Balken, die in der Praxis unterschiedliche Farben anzeigen, erfolgt. Links von dieser Darstellung erhält der Benutzer eine bildliche Darstellung des erfassten Fingerabdrucks im Vergleich zur gesamten Sensorfläche. Im vorliegenden Fall wird eine Schrift eingeblendet (IMPRESSION TOO SMALL), welche darauf hinweist, dass die Gesamtabdruckfläche zu gering ist. In dem gezeigten Beispiel wird der Benutzer daher versuchen, durch entsprechendes Verschieben oder stärkeres Aufdrücken etc. seines Fingers diese Fläche zu vergrößern, wodurch auch der Balken rechts (Fingerprint Area) höher werden und ein erfolgreicher Vergleich ermöglicht wird.In the representation according to FIG. 3, the user is given instructions regarding the quality (fingerprint quality) and the actual contact surface (fingerprint area) on a monitor image in connection with a matching, which is indicated by rising or falling bars which in practice have different colors display, is done. To the left of this representation, the user receives a pictorial representation of the captured fingerprint compared to the entire sensor area. In the present case, a font is shown (IMPRESSION TOO SMALL), which indicates that the total print area is too small. In the example shown, the user will therefore try to increase this area by correspondingly moving or pressing on his finger, etc., which also increases the bar on the right (fingerprint area) and enables a successful comparison.
Bei der Erfindung stehen daher das Feedback und die Bildqualitätsbewertung zueinander in einer wechselseitigen Beziehung bzw. einem ursächlichen Zusammenhang. Die Bildqualitätsbewertung scheidet Fingerabdrücke minderer Qualität aus, die für eine weitere Verarbeitung und/oder Merkmalsextraktion nicht geeignet erscheinen, und das Feedback analysiert die Ursache für die Bildrückweisung und verdeutlicht dann dem Benutzer die Systemsicht. Eine präzise Diagnose in Verbindung mit einem Vorwissen (Wissensbasis) über mögliche Problemursachen ermöglicht die Formulierung konkreter Lösungsvorschläge, im besonderen über eine Visualisierung, welche natürlich auf die Gegebenheiten und die technischen Möglichkeiten des verwendeten Systems abzustimmen ist.In the case of the invention, the feedback and the image quality evaluation are therefore in a mutual relationship or a causal connection. The image quality assessment eliminates lower quality fingerprints that do not appear to be suitable for further processing and / or feature extraction, and the feedback analyzes the cause of the image rejection and then clarifies the system view to the user. A precise diagnosis in connection with previous knowledge (knowledge base) about possible causes of problems enables the formulation of concrete solution proposals, in particular via a visualization, which of course has to be adapted to the circumstances and the technical possibilities of the system used.
Ein Wesen der Erfindung liegt ersichtlicherweise darin, dass sie dem Benutzer zu einem bestimmten Verhalten im Umgang mit einem biometrischen System führen kann. Allfällige Probleme werden für den Benutzer transparent und allgemein verständlich dargestellt, sodass, ein kooperatives Verhalten des Benutzers vorausgesetzt, durch die Interaktion mit dem System die Erkennungsleistung gesteigert und beispielsweise eine Zugangskontrolle deutlich komfortabler gestaltet werden kann.One essence of the invention is evidently that it can lead the user to a certain behavior when using a biometric system. Any problems are presented to the user in a transparent and generally understandable manner, so that, assuming the user's cooperative behavior, interaction with the system increases the recognition performance and, for example, access control can be made much more convenient.
Die Erfindung berücksichtigt auch ein immer wieder vorkommendes unerwartetes bzw. unerwünschtes Verhalten eines Benutzers ebenso, wie den Umstand, dass die Hautbeschaffenheit in Kombination mit dem jeweils angewandten Messprinzip ein limitierender Faktor ist. Natürlich kann auf die an sich optimale bildliche Darstellung auf einen Monitor verzichtet werden und es können Meldungen über einfache LCD-Displays oder in gedruckter Form ausgegeben werden, von welchen einige zur Veranschaulichung angeführt sind:The invention also takes into account a recurring unexpected or undesirable behavior of a user, as well as the fact that the skin condition in combination with the measuring principle used in each case is a limiting factor. Of course, the optimal visual representation on a monitor can be dispensed with and messages can be output via simple LCD displays or in printed form, some of which are given for illustration:
„Bitte Finger auflegen""Please put your finger on"
„Bitte Sensor reinigen""Please clean sensor"
„Sensorfläche möglichst zur Gänze bedecken""Whenever possible cover the entire sensor surface"
„Etwas fester aufdrücken""Press a little harder"
„Bitte Finger möglichst in der Sensormitte positionieren""Please position your fingers in the middle of the sensor if possible"
„Haut/Sensor zu feucht - bitte trocken reiben" (bei kapazitiven Sensoren)"Skin / sensor too moist - please rub dry" (with capacitive sensors)
„Haut zu trocken - bitte leicht anhauchen" (bei kapazitiven Sensoren)"Skin too dry - please breathe lightly" (with capacitive sensors)
Insbesondere für das EnroUment, das im allgemeinen den ersten Kontakt des Benutzers mit dem System darstellt und in Folge die Wiedererkennung maßgeblich bestimmt, ist die Erfindung von besonderem Vorteil, da sie die geeignete Benutzerführung ermöglicht. Im Falle eines weiter oben bereits kurz angesprochenen Fusions-Enrollments, bei dem mehrere Aufnahmen eines Fingers zu einer einzigen Referenz verschmolzen werden, kann etwa durch eine farbliche Codierung der Gitterlinien (siehe Fig. 2, Fig. 3) im Sinne der üblichen Ampelfarben, die Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit für eine Verschmelzung ausgedrückt werden. Relativ komplexe Sachverhalte können Dank der Erfindung für die Benutzer transparent und auf die vergleichsweise einfache Aufgabe reduziert werden, die Erfolgsaussichten durch Variation der Sensor-/Finger-Interaktion zu maximieren. The invention is particularly advantageous for the EnroUment, which generally represents the user's first contact with the system and subsequently decisively determines recognition, since it enables suitable user guidance. In the case of a fusion enrollment already briefly mentioned above, in which several recordings of a finger are fused into a single reference, the color coding of the grid lines (see FIG. 2, FIG. 3) in the sense of the usual traffic light colors can be used, for example Probability of success for a merger can be expressed. Thanks to the invention, relatively complex facts can be made transparent for the user and reduced to the comparatively simple task of maximizing the chances of success by varying the sensor / finger interaction.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Benutzerführung eines biometrischen Systems mit Fingerabdruckeingabe, bei welchem ein Benutzer jeweils zumindest einen Finger in Kontakt mit/zu einem Fingerabdrucksensor bringt und das System aus den von dem Sensor gelieferten Daten eine Merkmalsextraktion für eine Speicherung und/ oder einen Vergleich der Merkmale vornimmt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Benutzer in Abhängigkeit von der Sensor/Finger-Interaktion optische und/oder akustische Anweisungen übermittelt werden, welche auf eine Optimierung der seitens des Sensors gelieferten Information nach vorgebbaren Kriterien abzielen.1. Method for user guidance of a biometric system with fingerprint input, in which a user brings at least one finger into contact with / to a fingerprint sensor and the system undertakes a feature extraction from the data supplied by the sensor for storing and / or comparing the features , characterized in that optical and / or acoustic instructions are transmitted to the user depending on the sensor / finger interaction, which aim at optimizing the information supplied by the sensor according to predefinable criteria.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch l, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anweisungen eine Darstellung des aktuell von dem Sensor erfassten Fingerabdruckes enthalten.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the instructions contain a representation of the fingerprint currently detected by the sensor.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zu der Darstellung des aktuell von dem Sensor erfassten Fingerabdruckes eine Sollgeometrie eingeblendet wird, wie eine Sollfläche oder Solllage.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that a target geometry such as a target surface or target position is faded in to display the fingerprint currently detected by the sensor.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the
Anweisungen optimierende Informationen bezüglich einer physikalischen Korrektur der Fingeroberfläche, wie Anfeuchten, Trocknen oder Reinigen beinhalten.Instructions contain information optimizing a physical correction of the finger surface, such as moistening, drying or cleaning.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the
Anweisungen optimierende Informationen bezüglich der Anpresskraft des Fingers gegen eine Sensoroberfläche beinhalten.Instructions include optimizing information regarding the pressing force of the finger against a sensor surface.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dem Sensor gelieferten Daten einer Bilderfassung zugeführt und deren Bilddaten einer Qualitätsbewertung unterzogen werden, wobei dem Benutzer nur dann optimierende Anweisungen übermittelt werden, falls die Qualitätsbewertung ein Qualitätsmaß ergibt, das unterhalb eines vorgebbaren Minimums liegt. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the data supplied to the sensor is supplied to an image capture and the image data are subjected to a quality assessment, the optimizing instructions being transmitted to the user only if the quality assessment yields a quality measure which is below a predeterminable minimum.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Qualitätsbewertung auf Basis von Einzelmerkmalen erfolgt, aus welchen ein Gesamtqualitätsmaß abgeleitet wird.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the quality assessment is carried out on the basis of individual features from which an overall quality measure is derived.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, bei welchen ein bewertetes Einzelmerkmal die Strukturausprägung der Fingerabdrucklinien ist.8. The method according to claim 7, in which an evaluated individual feature is the structural expression of the fingerprint lines.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 und 8, bei welchen ein bewertetes Einzelmerkmal die bedeckte Sensorfläche ist.9. The method according to claim 7 and 8, in which an evaluated individual feature is the covered sensor surface.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, bei welchen ein bewertetes Einzelmerkmal die Gleichmäßigkeit der Grauverteilung ist.10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, in which an evaluated individual feature is the uniformity of the gray distribution.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, bei welchen ein bewertetes Einzelmerkmal der Prozentsatz defekter Sensorpixel ist.11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein an evaluated individual feature is the percentage of defective sensor pixels.
12. Biometrisches System zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11. 12. Biometric system for performing the method according to one of claims 1 to 11.
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