WO2002074564A1 - Suspension d'essieu directeur avant a ressorts pneumatiques inclines - Google Patents

Suspension d'essieu directeur avant a ressorts pneumatiques inclines Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002074564A1
WO2002074564A1 PCT/US2002/007853 US0207853W WO02074564A1 WO 2002074564 A1 WO2002074564 A1 WO 2002074564A1 US 0207853 W US0207853 W US 0207853W WO 02074564 A1 WO02074564 A1 WO 02074564A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air spring
axle
bracket
spring seat
acute angle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/007853
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William J. Hicks
Thomas A. Mckenzie
Original Assignee
Holland Usa, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Holland Usa, Inc. filed Critical Holland Usa, Inc.
Priority to US10/472,292 priority Critical patent/US20040155424A1/en
Publication of WO2002074564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002074564A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/32—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds
    • B60G11/34—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds including leaf springs
    • B60G11/46—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds including leaf springs and also fluid springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/22—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only
    • B60G11/24—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having rubber springs only characterised by means specially adapted for attaching the spring to axle or sprung part of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/26—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs
    • B60G11/28—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having fluid springs only, e.g. hydropneumatic springs characterised by means specially adapted for attaching the spring to axle or sprung part of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/32—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds
    • B60G11/34—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds including leaf springs
    • B60G11/46—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds including leaf springs and also fluid springs
    • B60G11/465—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds including leaf springs and also fluid springs with a flexible wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G9/00—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels
    • B60G9/003—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels the axle being rigidly connected to a trailing guiding device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/30—Rigid axle suspensions
    • B60G2200/31—Rigid axle suspensions with two trailing arms rigidly connected to the axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/11—Leaf spring
    • B60G2202/112—Leaf spring longitudinally arranged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
    • B60G2202/1524—Pneumatic spring with two air springs per wheel, arranged before and after the wheel axis

Definitions

  • This invention relates to truck suspensions.
  • the invention relates to a front steering axle suspension with inclined air springs. Description of the Related Art
  • Leaf spring suspensions are typically used with steering axles for trucks and semi tractors.
  • the spring rate for such suspensions is generally high, resulting in a suspension that is relatively stiff.
  • air springs can be combined with mechanical springs, such as leaf springs, to provide the stiffness desired for a front steer axle suspension with the ride-cushioning effect provided by an air spring
  • the air springs are vertically disposed, resulting in a suspension with a natural frequency greater than about 1 Hertz (i.e. 1 cycle per second). Vibrations greater than about 2 Hertz have been found to be uncomfortable to humans.
  • the U.S. Patent No. 4,919,399 to Selzer et al. discloses a front steer axle suspension that includes a leaf spring and a vertically-disposed air spring mounted between the mid-point of the leaf spring and the vehicle frame, and centered over the steer axle.
  • the U.S. Patents No. 5,755,456 to Blazek et al. and 3,003,575 to Nallinger disclose half axle suspensions with inclined air springs between the axle and the frame in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
  • the U.S. Patent No. 4,854,603 to Scaduto discloses a similar suspension but using inclined damper and spring assemblies that lie in a plane transverse to the vehicle axis.
  • the U.S. Patent No. 5,024,462 to Assh discloses a combined air and leaf spring suspension wherein an air spring is mounted on a lever at one end of the leaf spring.
  • the U.S. Patent No. 3,390,895 to Verdi discloses an auxiliary axle suspension in which a pair of vertically disposed air springs is mounted between an axle bracket and a vehicle frame in a spring beam suspension.
  • a vehicle suspension for a front steering axle comprises a leaf spring, an axle bracket mounted to the leaf spring at a central portion thereof for mounting the axle to the leaf spring, a first air spring seat inclined at an acute angle to a horizontal axis and connected to a central portion of the leaf spring, a first air spring bracket adapted to be mounted to the vehicle frame and having a second air spring seat inclined at an angle complementary to the acute angle of the first air spring seat, and a first air spring mounted between the first air spring seat and the second air spring seat.
  • the first air spring is inclined at an acute angle with respect to the vertical in a substantially vertical plane that includes the leaf spring when the first air spring bracket is mounted to the vehicle frame.
  • the acute angle of the first air spring can vary and generally is between about 30 and 60 degrees with respect to the vertical, preferably, approximately 45 degrees from the vertical when the first air spring bracket is mounted to the vehicle frame.
  • a third air spring seat inclined at an acute angle with respect to the vertical, is connected to a central portion of the leaf spring.
  • a second air spring bracket adapted to be mounted to the vehicle frame, has a fourth air spring seat inclined at an angle complementary to the acute angle of the second air spring seat.
  • a second air spring is mounted between the third air spring seat and the fourth air spring seat and is inclined at an acute angle with respect to the vertical in the substantially vertical plane when the second air spring bracket is mounted to the vehicle frame.
  • the natural frequency of the suspension is generally less than 2 Hertz, preferably no more than 1.2 Hertz and typically between 1 and 1.2 Hertz.
  • the first air spring seat is mounted to the axle bracket.
  • the third air spring seat is also mounted to the axle bracket.
  • the first air spring is mounted fore and the second air spring is mounted aft of the axle with the acute angles being opposite in orientation with respect to the vertical.
  • a third air spring seat inclined at an acute angle with respect to the horizontal axis is also formed on the axle bracket.
  • a second air spring bracket adapted to be mounted to the vehicle frame, has a fourth air spring seat inclined at an angle complementary to the acute angle of the second air spring seat.
  • a second air spring is mounted between the third air spring seat and the fourth air spring seat and is inclined at an acute angle with respect to the horizontal axis when the second air spring bracket is mounted to the vehicle frame.
  • the natural frequency of the suspension is generally less than 2 Hertz, preferably no more than 1.2 Hertz and typically between 1 and 1.2 Hertz.
  • the first air spring is mounted fore and the second air spring is mounted aft of the axle with the acute angles being opposite in orientation with respect to the vertical.
  • a vehicle having a longitudinal frame with a front portion having a steer axle and a rear portion has a suspension system as described above mounted between the steer axle and the longitudinal frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a leaf spring suspension illustrating a preferred embodiment comprising an axle bracket for mounting air springs according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the axle bracket of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown comprising a leaf spring and inclined air spring suspension 10 suspended from a side rail 12.
  • the side rail 12 is part of a conventional truck or semi tractor vehicle frame and lies in a substantially vertical plane.
  • the front of the vehicle is to the left as viewed in FIG. 1.
  • only one side of the suspension assembly 10 will be described in detail, although it is understood that each side of the vehicle has an identical portion of the assembly.
  • a conventional leaf spring hanger 14 is connected to the side rail 12, preferably by welding or a conventional bolted connection.
  • a conventional spring shackle 16 is connected to the side rail 12, preferably by welding or a conventional bolted connection.
  • a conventional front steer axle taper leaf spring 15 is suspended from the spring hanger 14 and spring shackle 16.
  • a steer axle 18 is connected to the leaf spring 15 through an axle bracket 20.
  • the axle bracket 20 comprises a generally trapezoidal- shaped upper portion 56, a generally trapezoidal-shaped center portion 58, and a generally square or rectangular plate-like portion 60, which are assembled into the axle bracket 20.
  • the upper portion has a first inclined face 35, a second inclined face 39, and a bottom face 74 having an upper axle channel 62 of semi-cylindrical shape extending longitudinally thereof.
  • the center portion 58 has a first inclined face 37, a second inclined face 41, a top face 76 having a lower axle channel 64 of semi- cylindrical shape extending longitudinally thereof, and a bottom face 78 having an upper leaf spring slot 66 of rectilinear shape extending transversely thereof.
  • the lower portion 60 has a top face 80 having a lower leaf spring slot 68 of rectilinear shape extending transversely thereof.
  • the size and shape of the bottom face 74 are complementary to the size and shape of the top face 76.
  • the size and shape of the bottom face 78 are complementary to the size and shape of the top face 80.
  • the upper portion 56, the center portion 58, and the lower portion 60 are adapted to be assembled into a generally uniformly-shaped body, such as by threaded connections comprising bolts 72 and coaxially-aligned threaded apertures 70.
  • the slots 66, 68 are adapted to matingly communicate and slidably receive the center portion of the leaf spring 15, and to rigidly hold the leaf spring 15 when the center portion 58 is clamped to the lower portion 60.
  • the channels 62, 64 are adapted to matingly communicate, and slidably receive and rigidly hold the axle 18, when the top portion 56 is clamped to the center portion 58.
  • the faces 35, 37 form an upwardly-inclined face 38
  • the faces 39, 41 form an upwardly-inclined face 40, comprising bearing surfaces for mounting a pair of air springs 22, 24.
  • a pair of air spring mounting brackets 25, 27 with downwardly-inclined faces 42, 44 complementary to the upwardly-inclined faces 38, 40 comprising bearing surfaces 42, 44 for mounting the air springs 22, 24 are attached to the rail 12, preferably by welding or a conventional bolted connection.
  • the inclination of the upwardly- inclined faces 38, 40 defines an acute angle with a horizontal axis in a substantially vertical plane defined by the leaf spring 15.
  • the air springs 22, 24 define spring axes 34, 36, respectively.
  • the faces 38, 42 are in generally parallel spaced-apart relationship and coaxial with the air spring axis 34.
  • the faces 40, 44 are in generally parallel spaced-apart relationship and coaxial with the air spring axis 36.
  • the air spring 22 is mounted to the air spring bracket 25 and the axle bracket 20 between the faces 38 and 42 using conventional bolted connections (not shown).
  • the air spring 24 is mounted to the air spring bracket 27 and the axle bracket 20 between the faces 40 and 44 using conventional bolted connections (not shown).
  • the inclined faces 42, 44 on the air spring brackets 25, 27 and the inclined faces 38, 40 on the axle bracket 20 are oriented so that the axes 34, 36 are inclined at approximately 45 degrees from a vertical axis 32 passing through the center of the axle 18 when the air springs 22, 24 are mounted in the suspension 10.
  • a conventional shock absorber 26 is pivotally connected through a frame bracket 30 to the rail 12 by a conventional pivotable connection 46 at the cylinder end of the shock absorber 26.
  • the frame bracket 30 is rigidly mounted to the air spring bracket 27, such as by welding or a conventional bolted connection. Alternatively, the frame bracket 30 can be mounted to the rail 12.
  • the shock absorber 26 extends from the bracket 30 in a downwardly inclined direction for pivotably connecting the piston end to a shock absorber bracket 28 as hereinafter described.
  • a shock absorber bracket 28 is rigidly attached to the axle 18 or, alternatively to the axle bracket 20, such as by welding or a conventional bolted connection.
  • the preferred embodiment of the bracket 28 is a two-piece member comprising a drop arm 48 and a shock absorber arm 50 rigidly attached thereto through a rigid connection 52.
  • the drop arm 48 comprises a rigid elongated member rigidly attached at one end to the axle 18 and rigidly attached at a second downwardly-extending end to the shock absorber arm 50.
  • the shock absorber arm 50 comprises a rigid elongated member rigidly attached at one end to the drop arm 48 and having at a second end a generally conventional pivotable connection 54.
  • the shock absorber arm 50 is disposed laterally from the drop arm 48 toward the piston end of the shock absorber 26 depending from the frame bracket 30.
  • the piston end of the shock absorber 26 is pivotally connected to the shock absorber bracket 28 through the pinned connection 54.
  • the shock absorber bracket 28 can comprises a single generally L-shaped member having the same general configuration as the two-piece bracket described herein.
  • the air springs 22, 24 are shown as components of a front steer axle suspension 10, and are inclined approximately 45 degrees from the vertical. This orientation for two air springs has been found to reduce the natural frequency of the suspension system to between approximately 1 and 2 Hertz, which provides a substantial improvement in ride comfort as compared to systems without air springs, or using vertically-disposed air springs, thereby reducing significantly both operator fatigue and progressive equipment failure. Further adjustments of the natural frequency of the suspension system 10 can be made by adjusting the inclination of the air springs 22, 24. Thus, the inclination of the air springs with respect to the vertical can vary over a wide range, for example, from about 30 to about 60 degrees with respect to the vertical. Additionally, the combination of the inclined air springs 22, 24 with the leaf springs 15 eliminates the need for conventional suspension track bars, resulting in an overall suspension weight reduction.
  • FIG. 1 shows one application for the invention in which the inclined air springs 22, 24 are incorporated into a front steer axle suspension assembly 10 for a truck.
  • the suspension assembly 10 can be incorporated into any vehicle suspension in which it is desired to reduce the frequency of vibration of the suspended structure to approximately 1 Hertz.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une suspension d'essieu directeur destinée à un véhicule à roues, comprenant un ressort à lames (15), monté au niveau de son extrémité sur un châssis de véhicule et un support d'axe (20) monté sur le ressort à lames, au niveau d'une portion centrale dudit ressort et possédant des patins de ressorts pneumatiques inclinés (38, 40). Des supports à ressorts pneumatiques sont montés sur le châssis du véhicule possédant des patins de ressorts pneumatiques inclinés selon un angle complémentaire aux patins de ressorts pneumatiques du support d'axe. Un ressort pneumatique (22, 24) est monté entre le support d'axe et un support à ressorts pneumatiques, de sorte que le ressort pneumatique est incliné par rapport à la verticale dans un plan sensiblement vertical.
PCT/US2002/007853 2001-03-16 2002-03-14 Suspension d'essieu directeur avant a ressorts pneumatiques inclines WO2002074564A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/472,292 US20040155424A1 (en) 2002-03-14 2002-03-14 Front steer axle suspension with inclined air springs

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27670101P 2001-03-16 2001-03-16
US60/276,701 2001-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002074564A1 true WO2002074564A1 (fr) 2002-09-26

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ID=23057738

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2002/007853 WO2002074564A1 (fr) 2001-03-16 2002-03-14 Suspension d'essieu directeur avant a ressorts pneumatiques inclines

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102114759A (zh) * 2011-01-20 2011-07-06 广东富华工程机械制造有限公司 一种双后桥联动卡车悬架
CN107683216A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2018-02-09 亨德里克森美国有限责任公司 弹簧座和结合这种弹簧座的车辆悬架系统
US11453263B2 (en) * 2020-12-07 2022-09-27 Hyundai Motor Company Composite material spring for suspension device of vehicle, and method for controlling driving of vehicle using the same

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2023135A (en) 1933-02-11 1935-12-03 Charles A Hawkins Vehicle suspension
US2920903A (en) 1956-03-26 1960-01-12 Fruehauf Trailer Co Wheel suspension
US3003575A (en) 1957-03-30 1961-10-10 Daimler Benz Ag Pneumatic and equalized mechanical spring suspension for half axles
DE2818072A1 (de) * 1978-04-25 1979-11-08 Coventry Climax Ltd Fahrzeug mit achsaufhaengung
US4530515A (en) 1983-11-09 1985-07-23 Raidel John E Dual stub axle air spring suspension with high-axle hydraulic lift
US4854603A (en) 1988-06-24 1989-08-08 Onofrio Scaduto Constant camber suspension system
US4919399A (en) 1989-04-10 1990-04-24 Navistar International Transportation Corp. Suspension brake torque reaction leaf
US5024462A (en) 1989-05-09 1991-06-18 Daniel Assh Combined air and leaf spring suspension for heavy weight vehicle
US5109939A (en) 1989-07-25 1992-05-05 Richard Conaway Vibration dampening suspension device for the cab of a truck vehicle
US5755456A (en) 1995-06-01 1998-05-26 Tatra A.S. Spring support for vehicle swing half-axles
US5873581A (en) * 1992-08-17 1999-02-23 Yale; Donald M. Truck steering stabilizer
US5944339A (en) 1997-05-06 1999-08-31 Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, Llc Integrated axle suspension anti-roll arrangement for push-pull suspension

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2023135A (en) 1933-02-11 1935-12-03 Charles A Hawkins Vehicle suspension
US2920903A (en) 1956-03-26 1960-01-12 Fruehauf Trailer Co Wheel suspension
US3003575A (en) 1957-03-30 1961-10-10 Daimler Benz Ag Pneumatic and equalized mechanical spring suspension for half axles
DE2818072A1 (de) * 1978-04-25 1979-11-08 Coventry Climax Ltd Fahrzeug mit achsaufhaengung
US4530515A (en) 1983-11-09 1985-07-23 Raidel John E Dual stub axle air spring suspension with high-axle hydraulic lift
US4854603A (en) 1988-06-24 1989-08-08 Onofrio Scaduto Constant camber suspension system
US4919399A (en) 1989-04-10 1990-04-24 Navistar International Transportation Corp. Suspension brake torque reaction leaf
US5024462A (en) 1989-05-09 1991-06-18 Daniel Assh Combined air and leaf spring suspension for heavy weight vehicle
US5109939A (en) 1989-07-25 1992-05-05 Richard Conaway Vibration dampening suspension device for the cab of a truck vehicle
US5873581A (en) * 1992-08-17 1999-02-23 Yale; Donald M. Truck steering stabilizer
US5755456A (en) 1995-06-01 1998-05-26 Tatra A.S. Spring support for vehicle swing half-axles
US5944339A (en) 1997-05-06 1999-08-31 Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, Llc Integrated axle suspension anti-roll arrangement for push-pull suspension

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102114759A (zh) * 2011-01-20 2011-07-06 广东富华工程机械制造有限公司 一种双后桥联动卡车悬架
CN107683216A (zh) * 2015-05-29 2018-02-09 亨德里克森美国有限责任公司 弹簧座和结合这种弹簧座的车辆悬架系统
US11453263B2 (en) * 2020-12-07 2022-09-27 Hyundai Motor Company Composite material spring for suspension device of vehicle, and method for controlling driving of vehicle using the same

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