WO2002073681A1 - Method and composition for polishing by cmp - Google Patents
Method and composition for polishing by cmp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002073681A1 WO2002073681A1 PCT/US2001/007734 US0107734W WO02073681A1 WO 2002073681 A1 WO2002073681 A1 WO 2002073681A1 US 0107734 W US0107734 W US 0107734W WO 02073681 A1 WO02073681 A1 WO 02073681A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polishing
- copper
- polishing composition
- high points
- ions
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011536 re-plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(Br)C=C GDDNTTHUKVNJRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/304—Mechanical treatment, e.g. grinding, polishing, cutting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F3/00—Brightening metals by chemical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/32115—Planarisation
- H01L21/3212—Planarisation by chemical mechanical polishing [CMP]
Definitions
- the invention pertains to polishing methods and slurry formulations used in the planarizafion of integrated circuit surfaces containing various films, most particularly those of a metal, a barrier or liner layer, and a dielectric layer on a semiconductor wafer.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,676,587 discloses a two-step polishing process to be used with Cu interconnect structures. The first step is performed to remove most of the overburden of Cu, and the second step is performed to remove the barrier or liner layer of Ta, TaN, Ti, or TiN. For the second step, a silica based slurry of near-neutral pH is disclosed.
- One of the problems resulting from polishing a semiconductor wafer by CMP is that the copper interconnect structures, providing electrical circuit interconnects, have a surface roughness that exceeds acceptable limits as specified by manufacturing standards. It has been recognized that an excessive surface roughness occurs from the rigors of CMP polishing. A need has existed for a process of polishing a semiconductor wafer that smoothes the surface roughness to acceptable limits. Further, a need has existed for a polishing composition for polishing a semiconductor wafer with interconnects having a surface roughness within acceptable limits.
- the invention includes a method for polishing a semiconductor wafer, includes the steps of: providing a fluid polishing composition with chloride ions, polishing a barrier layer on the semiconductor wafer with the fluid polishing composition to remove the barrier layer and to polish high points on copper interconnects and solublize copper ions in the polishing composition, and replating the copper ions from solution in the fluid polishing composition to smooth the surface of the copper interconnects, while the chloride ions migrate near the high points to deter replating of copper ions onto the high points. By deterring such copper replating from the high points, the surface of the copper interconnects become smoothed to have a surface roughness within acceptable limits as specified by manufacturing standards.
- the invention includes a polishing composition for polishing a semiconductor wafer includes a source of chloride ions in solution that migrate to high points on copper interconnects that are below a polished surface of the semiconductor wafer to deter replating of copper ions from solution onto the high points.
- a semiconductor wafer is constructed of three different films or layers: a conductive metal layer, a barrier or liner layer between the conductive metal layer and a dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer.
- a semiconductor wafer is constructed with, a conductive copper layer, a barrier layer of tantalum or tantalum nitride, and a dielectric layer of silicon dioxide. Polishing by performing CMP removes the Cu and Ta/TaN barrier layer as fast as possible, while removing the SiO 2 dielectric layer as slow as possible. Further, It is critical to retain conductive circuit interconnects recessed below the surface being polished. Removal of Cu within the interconnect structure is undesirable, and is known as “dishing”. Removal of the SiO 2 dielectric layer within the interconnect structure is undesirable, and is known as "erosion”.
- chloride ions will bond to a semiconductor surface, and is present as a mobile species able to rapidly move over the surface. These mobile species will equilibrate to specific sites to minimize the energy of the system. These same localized high surface energy sites are the sites where defects initiate. The presence of the chloride ions at these sites decreases the surface energy at these sites to make them essentially indistinguishable from the surface energy at any other site. The uniform surface energy negates localized non-uniform processes and variations in the surface condition of the wafer. Since this is a surface phenomenon, the amount of a compound providing chloride ions necessary to cause this negation of localized variations may be as low as 5 ppm. Preferably the amount of compound used is between 7 and 2000 ppm. Most preferably between 10 and 1000 ppm.
- compositions useful in polishing copper typically comprise a complexing agent providing copper ions in solution in the composition, such as citric acid; an inhibitor of initial corrosion, such as benzotriazole; and an organic polymer, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
- the composition includes an abrasive in the form of colloidal silica particles in fluid suspension, to be used with a polishing pad that is without abrasives.
- the abrasive is absent from the composition, such that the composition is abrasive free to be used with a polishing pad that itself has abrasives.
- compositions A and B were made comprising colloidal silica, citric acid, BTA (benzotriazole), and PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone). Further, composition B was made to include 5 to 10000 ppm, parts per million of ammonium chloride and 0.01% of ammonium perchlorate, all being in weight per cent. Patterned wafers comprising copper interconnects were polished on an IPEC Westech 372 polisher under standard conditions using compositions A and B. Surface roughness was measured using an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) available from Digital Instruments, Inc.
- AFM Anamic Force Microscope
- the table discloses the improvement in roughness when a small amount of chloride ions are added to a polishing composition.
- Such chloride ions are present in a polishing composition to improve surface roughness of the copper interconnects as a result of first step polishing and/or second step polishing.
- first step polishing is performed, with a polishing pad and a polishing composition, according to a known CMP process to remove excess copper metal from an underlying barrier layer, while leaving patterned copper in a pattern of trenches below the polished surface of the barrier layer.
- the patterned copper provides the electrical circuit interconnects in the trenches.
- first step polishing tends to leave the patterned copper with a surface roughness that exceeds allowable limits that are specified by manufacturing standards.
- Surface roughness can be considered as having high points on the surface of the patterned copper. Some of the high points can be quite sharp. Others are less sharp, but nonetheless, exceed the allowable limits for surface roughness.
- the surface roughness could have been avoided by providing chloride ions in the polishing composition that accompanies first step polishing.
- excessive surface roughness that results from first step polishing is reduced in roughness by performing second step polishing with a polishing composition containing chloride ions.
- Such high points can be considered as being high energy areas, as in a situation wherein the patterned copper is wetted by the polishing composition and carries an electrical charge, resulting in an electrical field concentrating at the high points.
- second step polishing is performed by a known CMP process to remove the barrier layer from an underlying dielectric layer, and to leave the copper interconnects in the trenches that are recessed below a polished surface of the dielectric layer.
- chloride ions provided in a fluid polishing composition, reduces surface roughness of the copper interconnects, such that the surface roughness is within the allowable limits.
- Second step polishing by a known CMP process is performed with a fluid polishing composition that, either has an oxidizer that is selective to removal of the material forming the barrier layer and selective to removal of copper, or that is without an oxidizer that is selective to removal of copper while being selective to removal of the barrier layer.
- Second step polishing is performed to remove the barrier layer by polishing action, and to a lesser extent, to remove high points of copper by the polishing action and provide copper ions that solublize, in solution with the fluid polishing composition.
- chloride ions are provided in the fluid polishing composition.
- the chloride ions tend to migrate to the high energy areas, and tend to null the electrical field and prevent replating of copper ions, and the formation of nodules and/or dendrites, on the high energy areas.
- the chloride ions replate evenly over the surface of the interconnects, which reduces the surface roughness to within acceptable limits.
- polishing During polishing, migration of the chloride ions to the high points, nulls the electrical field concentrated at the high energy areas, which deters the attraction of copper ions for replating from solution onto the high points on the patterned copper. Copper ions replate from solution in a distributed manner on the copper surface, and less preferably accumulate on the high points. Further, polishing with or without an oxidizer in the polishing composition, polishes the high points, and removes copper therefrom.
- polishing the high points serves to remove the high energy areas, such that copper ions replate from solution in a distributed manner, which contributes to smoothing the surface roughness to be within acceptable limits.
- Second step polishing removes oxidized copper from the high points, and, as known in the field of CMP polishing, removed oxide ions tend to remain in solution with the fluid polishing composition.
- the oxidizer contributes to removal of high points on the copper surface, which contributes to smoothing the surface roughness to be within acceptable limits.
- a balance is struck by the concentration of the oxidizer and the concentration of chloride ions, such that chloride ions are present in a concentration sufficient to be near to each of the high energy areas, and deter the attraction of copper ions for replating from solution onto the high energy areas.
- the chloride ions in the polishing composition are mobile species of ions.
- the high energy areas are substantially eliminated, and the chloride ions in the polishing composition are mobile and free of attraction to high energy areas.
- the mobile chloride ions are readily displaced by agitation away from the polished surface, which allows polishing to operate without interference by the chloride ions.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/007734 WO2002073681A1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2001-03-12 | Method and composition for polishing by cmp |
KR1020037011765A KR100762424B1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2001-03-12 | Method and composition for polishing by CMP |
EP01916557A EP1380048A1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2001-03-12 | Method and composition for polishing by cmp |
JP2002572628A JP2004523123A (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2001-03-12 | Methods and compositions for CMP polishing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/007734 WO2002073681A1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2001-03-12 | Method and composition for polishing by cmp |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002073681A1 true WO2002073681A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
Family
ID=21742391
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/007734 WO2002073681A1 (en) | 2001-03-12 | 2001-03-12 | Method and composition for polishing by cmp |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1380048A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004523123A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100762424B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002073681A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8728934B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2014-05-20 | Tessera, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing flat surfaces in interconnect structures |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6916742B2 (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2005-07-12 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Cmp Holdings, Inc. | Modular barrier removal polishing slurry |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2140039A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1984-11-21 | Akad Gorniczo Hutnicza | Solution suitable for polishing copper and its alloys |
US6063306A (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-05-16 | Cabot Corporation | Chemical mechanical polishing slurry useful for copper/tantalum substrate |
US6083840A (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2000-07-04 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Slurry compositions and method for the chemical-mechanical polishing of copper and copper alloys |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW501197B (en) * | 1999-08-17 | 2002-09-01 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Polishing compound for chemical mechanical polishing and method for polishing substrate |
-
2001
- 2001-03-12 KR KR1020037011765A patent/KR100762424B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-03-12 WO PCT/US2001/007734 patent/WO2002073681A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-03-12 JP JP2002572628A patent/JP2004523123A/en active Pending
- 2001-03-12 EP EP01916557A patent/EP1380048A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2140039A (en) * | 1983-05-19 | 1984-11-21 | Akad Gorniczo Hutnicza | Solution suitable for polishing copper and its alloys |
US6063306A (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-05-16 | Cabot Corporation | Chemical mechanical polishing slurry useful for copper/tantalum substrate |
US6083840A (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2000-07-04 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Slurry compositions and method for the chemical-mechanical polishing of copper and copper alloys |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
STEIGERWALD J M ET AL: "CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE CHEMICAL MECHANICAL POLISHING OF COPPER", MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, LAUSANNE, CH, vol. 41, no. 3, August 1995 (1995-08-01), pages 217 - 228, XP001015340 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8728934B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2014-05-20 | Tessera, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing flat surfaces in interconnect structures |
US9123703B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2015-09-01 | Tessera, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing flat surfaces in interconnect structures |
US9318385B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2016-04-19 | Tessera, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing flat surfaces in interconnect structures |
US9558998B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2017-01-31 | Tessera, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing flat surfaces in interconnect structures |
US9812360B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2017-11-07 | Tessera, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing flat surfaces in interconnect structures |
US10199275B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2019-02-05 | Tessera, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing flat surfaces in interconnect structures |
US10804151B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2020-10-13 | Tessera, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing flat surfaces in interconnect structures |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20030082969A (en) | 2003-10-23 |
EP1380048A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
JP2004523123A (en) | 2004-07-29 |
KR100762424B1 (en) | 2007-10-02 |
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