WO2002070339A2 - System for lifting water from gas wells using a propellant - Google Patents
System for lifting water from gas wells using a propellant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002070339A2 WO2002070339A2 PCT/US2002/006633 US0206633W WO02070339A2 WO 2002070339 A2 WO2002070339 A2 WO 2002070339A2 US 0206633 W US0206633 W US 0206633W WO 02070339 A2 WO02070339 A2 WO 02070339A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- well
- propellant charge
- igniter
- propellant
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 208000006670 Multiple fractures Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/13—Lifting well fluids specially adapted to dewatering of wells of gas producing reservoirs, e.g. methane producing coal beds
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the field of removing water from gas wells. More specifically, the present invention discloses a method for lifting water from a gas well using a propellant charge.
- the water remaining in the well may accumulate to the point that the pressure resulting from the water column exceeds the gas reservoir pressure and gas production will cease.
- Passamaneck discloses a method for fracturing wells in which a propellant is ignited within the well to rapidly produce combustion gases to generate pressure exceeding the fracture extension pressure of the surrounding formation. Combustion gases are generated at a rate greater than can be absorbed into any single fracture, thereby causing propagation of multiple fractures into the surrounding formation.
- the propellant burns in a radially inward direction in a predictable manner.
- a computer program is used to model the burn rate of the propellant to predict the resulting generation of combustion gases and fracture propagation, and thereby determine a suitable quantity and configuration of the propellant.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,064,935 to Mohaupt discloses a system for stimulating oil well production in which a gas-generating chemical charge is ignited to produce a gas pressure-volume pulse of known pressure-time characteristics and duration.
- Trost discloses a fracturing tool using a cylindrical canister housing a stack of propellant modules.
- the propellant provides a desired burn rate when ignited to produce radial fracturing of the surrounding rock formation.
- a pressure monitor can be used to measure and store pressure data over time to determine when the formation has been optimally fractured.
- the patents to Hill et al. disclose a method and apparatus for fracturing in which the well casing is first filled with a fracturing fluid.
- a gas generating unit containing shaped charges for perforating the well casing, and a propellant is suspended in the fracturing liquid within the well casing.
- the fracturing fluid is pressurized from the surface to a predetermined threshold value.
- the gas generating unit then perforates the well casing and simultaneously ignites the propellant.
- the propellant forces the fracturing liquid through the perforations and fractures the surrounding formation.
- Rachford discloses a system for fracturing in which the well casing is first perforated. A body of propellant is suspended in the fracturing liquid within the well casing and then ignited. The propellant forces the fracturing liquid through the perforations and fractures the surrounding formation.
- U.S. Patent No. 3,313,234 to Mohaupt discloses another system for hydraulic fracturing in which the fracturing liquid is driven by a non-detonating propellant.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,673,039 to Mohaupt discloses a technique for well completion in which the well casing has incipient perforations. Propellant charges are then used to fracture the surrounding formation.
- Ford et al. discuss a fracturing apparatus using a high velocity jet to first perforate the well casing. A gas propellant charge carried by the apparatus is ignited to expand the perforation and fracture the surrounding formation.
- Austin et al. discloses a method of fracturing horizontal wells. A perforating gun carrying explosive charges is used to perforate the well casing. Hydraulic fracturing is then applied.
- the Wolcott patents use explosive charges to create rubblized zones connecting horizontal bore holes to increase permeability.
- the Bourne patent is another method of hydraulic fracturing in which the well casing is first perforated with shaped explosive charges carried by a perforating gun.
- Graham et al. discloses a method of hydraulic fracturing in which the fracturing liquid is driven by high pressure gas pumped from the surface.
- Marx discloses a method for well fracturing using a pressurized aerated liquid.
- Blauer et al. disclose a method for fracturing subterranean formations using a stable foam as the fracturing fluid.
- Godfrey et al. disclose a system in which both a propellant and a high explosive charge are used for fracturing. The propellant is ignited first, followed by detonation of the high explosive. The propellant serves to maintain pressure caused by the high explosive over a longer period.
- Hane et al. disclose an apparatus for fracturing using multiple explosive charges.
- Hanes discloses an oil well bridging plug that is "set” by means of high-pressure gas generated by burning a propellant in a closed chamber.
- McLaughlin et al. disclose a gas-generating chemical reaction using aluminum alkyls to create multiple fractures in a borehole.
- Smith et al. disclose a system for creating multiple fractures in a subterranean formation using pressurized gas.
- Austin et al. disclose a method for fracturing horizontal wells by perforating the casing and then introducing a fracturing fluid under pressure.
- Challacombe et al. disclose a system for cleaning wells using an elongated tube of combustible material that is ignited at one end to generate a pressure wave.
- Uhri disclose a process for sequentially fracturing a subterranean formation by combining controlled pulse fracturing with hydraulic fracturing in the same borehole.
- Stowe et al. disclose a method for controlled pulse fracturing using a stabilized hydrogen peroxide solution. Jennings discloses a method for removing void spaces in gravel packs using a high-energy impulse device.
- the present invention provides a system for lifting water from a gas well that is cost-effective and can be modeled using computer software to accommodate the requirements of a particular well.
- This invention provides a method and apparatus for lifting water from a gas well using a propellant charge.
- the propellant charge with a plunger above is lowered into the well to a depth below the water level in the well.
- the propellant charge is then ignited to rapidly generate combustion gases that push the plunger upward to lift water from the well.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the present apparatus in a well.
- FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the present apparatus corresponding to FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the propellant charge 20, inhibitor coating 22, and propellant casings 24.
- FIG. 4 is a detail cross-sectional view of a barometric firing device 40 and the igniter 30.
- FIG. 5 is a detail cross-sectional view of the barometric firing device 40 and igniter 30 corresponding to FIG. 4 after the tensile stud 46 has broken to release the firing head 44.
- FIG. 6 is a top view of the igniter 30 showing the scoring 36 on the top of the igniter 30.
- FIG. 1 a vertical cross-sectional view is provided of the present apparatus in a well 70.
- FIG. 2 is a corresponding side elevational view of the present apparatus.
- the major components of the assembly are a plunger assembly 10, a propellant charge 20, and an igniter 30 to ignite the propellant charge 20.
- the plunger assembly 10 is located at the upper end of the apparatus, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Any of a wide variety of configurations could be employed.
- the embodiment shown in the drawings has upper and lower ribbed metal plungers 12 and 14 mounted on a mandrel extending upward from the upper end of the propellant assembly 20.
- a number of rubber packers or swab cups 16 can be included to provide a closer and more flexible fit against the interior surface of the well casing 70.
- the diameter of the elements of the plunger assembly 10 should be chosen to provide a loose fit with the inside diameter of the well casing 70 so that the plunger assembly 10 will effectively lift water from the well, as will be described below.
- the propellant charge 20 can be any solid or liquid propellant capable of generating large quantities of combustion gases when ignited. Solid propellants are preferable due to their simplicity and ease of handling. In addition, many solid propellants remain relatively impervious to water at the high pressures commonly encountered at well depths. For example, Arcite 479 or Arcite 386M manufactured by Atlantic Research Corporation can be used as the propellant. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ignition method chosen produces a relatively slow axial burn of the propellant 20 (i.e., a "cigarette" burn). For example, this can be accomplished by using an igniter 30 placed on the bottom of the propellant 20.
- the cylindrical side wall of the propellant charge 20 is covered with an inhibitor coating 22 and tightly covered by a protective metal casing 24, as illustrated in FIG. 3, to prevent combustion along the side wall of the propellant 20.
- the casing 24 also helps to protect the propellant from damage in transit and while the apparatus is being lower into place in the well.
- the propellant casing 24 is formed from two semi- circular halves that are clamped around the propellant charge 20 by semi-circular straps 25, as depicted in the exploded perspective view of FIG. 3.
- other casing configurations could be readily substituted or the casing 24 could be omitted.
- the diameter of the propellant charge 20 is selected based on the inside diameter of the well casing 70.
- a propellant can have an outside diameter of up to about 1.5 inches.
- Other combinations of production tubing inside diameters and propellant outside diameters could be used as appropriate.
- Propellant lengths of up to 30 feet can be handled using conventional well-head equipment.
- a firing device 40 triggers the igniter 30, which is used to ignite the propellant charge 20.
- the igniter 30 shown in the drawings is a closed housing containing an incendiary material 34, such as magnesium Teflon.
- the incendiary material 34 ruptures the igniter housing and strikes the exposed end of the propellant charge 20, thereby igniting the propellant.
- the top of the igniter 30 can be scored 36, as shown in FIG. 6, so that segments of the top of the igniter will be folded outward in a predetermined pattern by the force of the incendiary material 34.
- the igniter 30 can be suspended beneath the bottom of the propellant charge 20 by means of a perforated igniter holder 32, as shown in FIGS. 1 , 4, and 5.
- the perforations in the igniter holder 32 allow combustion gases to escape as the propellant 20 burns.
- Any of a variety of types of firing devices 40 can be used to trigger the igniter 30.
- a timer can be used to trigger the igniter 30 at a predetermined time after the apparatus has been inserted into the well. This approach can be based on a calculation of the time required from the apparatus to drop from the well opening to a desired depth in the well.
- FIG. 4 is a detail cross-sectional view of the barometric firing device 40 prior to firing.
- the chamber containing the tensile stud 46 is subject to the surrounding well pressure, due to a series of openings extending through the firing device housing 42 of the firing device 40.
- the upper chamber of the firing device housing 42 remains substantially at surface pressure due the seal between the firing head 44 and the interior surface of the firing device housing 42. This places a tensile stress on the tensile stud 46 that is directly proportional to the difference between surface pressure and well pressure.
- FIG. 5 is a detail cross-sectional view of the barometric firing device 40 and igniter 30 corresponding to FIG. 4 after the tensile stud 46 has broken to release the firing head 44.
- the pressure difference across the face of the firing head 44 causes it to quickly more upward and strike the primer in a rifle cartridge 48.
- the resulting detonation of the primer and powder in the cartridge 48 is released into the interior of the igniter 30 to ignite the incendiary material 34, which in turn, ignites the propellant charge 20, as previously described.
- a perforated basket 50 is attached below the propellant charge 20 and encloses the igniter 30 and firing device 40.
- the perforations allow combustion gases to escape, but prevent large debris from accidentally being left in the well.
- a computer simulation can be employed to model the combustion and water lifting processes. This allows each application to be optimized before a job is undertaken. For example, the appropriate amount of propellant for a specific job can be modeled using the assumption that a certain percentage of the potential chemical energy of the propellant will be converted into useful work in lifting water. If the propellant is Arcite 386M with a diameter of 1.5 inches, propellant lengths of 10, 20, and 30 feet have potential energy in the form of chemical bond energy of approximately 19.0, 38.0, and 57.0 million ft-lbs, respectively. The energy required to lift 1000 feet of water from a depth of 12,000 feet to the surface is 15.56 million ft-lbs, which is the most severe requirement.
- the propellant charge 20 and plunger assembly 10 are lowered or dropped into the well to a predetermined depth below the water level in the well.
- the propellant charge 20 and plunger 10 are combined in a single assembly.
- the propellant charge 20 and plunger 10 could lowered into the well as separate units, with the plunger 10 being placed into the well above the propellant charge 20.
- the firing device 40 is triggered at a predetermined depth to ignite the igniter 30, which in turn, ignites the propellant charge 20.
- the propellant charge 20 burns upward from its lower end, the resulting combustion gases push the plunger 10 upward to lift water from the well. This process can be repeated, if necessary, until the desired amount of water has been removed from the well 70.
- a bridge plug 60 can be placed in the well 70 below the propellant / plunger assembly.
- the propellant / plunger assembly is then lowered down the well to the bridge plug 60.
- the igniter 30 is then lit by the firing device 40 and the gases produced by the burning propellant 20 push the plunger 10 upward to lift water up and out of the well.
- the bridge plug 60 serves as a backstop so that water will not be pushed back into the surrounding formation 80 by the increased pressured produced by the combustion gases.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2002252193A AU2002252193A1 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2002-03-05 | System for lifting water from gas wells using a propellant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US27359401P | 2001-03-05 | 2001-03-05 | |
US60/273,594 | 2001-03-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002070339A2 true WO2002070339A2 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
WO2002070339A3 WO2002070339A3 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
Family
ID=23044608
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/006633 WO2002070339A2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2002-03-05 | System for lifting water from gas wells using a propellant |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20020162662A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002252193A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002070339A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7475731B2 (en) * | 2004-04-15 | 2009-01-13 | Production Control Services, Inc. | Sand plunger |
US7438125B2 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2008-10-21 | Production Control Services, Inc. | Variable orifice bypass plunger |
US7290602B2 (en) | 2004-12-10 | 2007-11-06 | Production Control Services, Inc. | Internal shock absorber bypass plunger |
US7513301B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2009-04-07 | Production Control Services, Inc. | Liquid aeration plunger |
US7861785B2 (en) * | 2006-09-25 | 2011-01-04 | W. Lynn Frazier | Downhole perforation tool and method of subsurface fracturing |
US8157012B2 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2012-04-17 | Frazier W Lynn | Downhole sliding sleeve combination tool |
US8267177B1 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2012-09-18 | Exelis Inc. | Means for creating field configurable bridge, fracture or soluble insert plugs |
US8678081B1 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2014-03-25 | Exelis, Inc. | Combination anvil and coupler for bridge and fracture plugs |
US8739881B2 (en) | 2009-12-30 | 2014-06-03 | W. Lynn Frazier | Hydrostatic flapper stimulation valve and method |
US8579023B1 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2013-11-12 | Exelis Inc. | Composite downhole tool with ratchet locking mechanism |
US8770276B1 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2014-07-08 | Exelis, Inc. | Downhole tool with cones and slips |
US8997859B1 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2015-04-07 | Exelis, Inc. | Downhole tool with fluted anvil |
WO2016010510A1 (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-01-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Propellant back off tool |
US9845658B1 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2017-12-19 | Albany International Corp. | Lightweight, easily drillable or millable slip for composite frac, bridge and drop ball plugs |
US11111765B2 (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2021-09-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Well livening tool based on nitrogen producing chemistry |
US11261713B2 (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2022-03-01 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Jetting plunger for plunger lift applications |
US11542797B1 (en) | 2021-09-14 | 2023-01-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Tapered multistage plunger lift with bypass sleeve |
US11808129B2 (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2023-11-07 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Autonomous pressure triggered well livening tool with exothermic nitrogen producing chemistry |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU293125A1 (en) * | DEVICE FOR CHARGING ESSENTIAL WELLS | |||
US3522995A (en) * | 1968-09-05 | 1970-08-04 | Lennart G Erickson | Gas-lift for liquid |
US3787144A (en) * | 1972-06-29 | 1974-01-22 | Southwest Res Inst | Explosive pumping and dredging method and apparatus |
US4016815A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1977-04-12 | Aktiebolaget Thulinverken | Depth charge igniter |
US4898235A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-02-06 | Vernon E. Faulconer, Inc. | Wellhead apparatus for use with a plunger produced gas well having a shut-in timer, and method of use thereof |
DD301439A7 (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1993-01-28 | Schwarzheide Synthesewerk Veb | Exercise mine destruction charge |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ZA953055B (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1995-12-20 | Jardav Agencies Private Limite | Dispenser device |
-
2002
- 2002-03-05 US US10/091,656 patent/US20020162662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-05 WO PCT/US2002/006633 patent/WO2002070339A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-05 AU AU2002252193A patent/AU2002252193A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU293125A1 (en) * | DEVICE FOR CHARGING ESSENTIAL WELLS | |||
US3522995A (en) * | 1968-09-05 | 1970-08-04 | Lennart G Erickson | Gas-lift for liquid |
US3787144A (en) * | 1972-06-29 | 1974-01-22 | Southwest Res Inst | Explosive pumping and dredging method and apparatus |
US4016815A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1977-04-12 | Aktiebolaget Thulinverken | Depth charge igniter |
DD301439A7 (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1993-01-28 | Schwarzheide Synthesewerk Veb | Exercise mine destruction charge |
US4898235A (en) * | 1988-11-07 | 1990-02-06 | Vernon E. Faulconer, Inc. | Wellhead apparatus for use with a plunger produced gas well having a shut-in timer, and method of use thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002070339A3 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
AU2002252193A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
US20020162662A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
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