WO2002065402A1 - Geographical information system comprising a grid data record - Google Patents
Geographical information system comprising a grid data record Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002065402A1 WO2002065402A1 PCT/EP2001/015099 EP0115099W WO02065402A1 WO 2002065402 A1 WO2002065402 A1 WO 2002065402A1 EP 0115099 W EP0115099 W EP 0115099W WO 02065402 A1 WO02065402 A1 WO 02065402A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- data
- information system
- geographic information
- partial
- raster
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/05—Geographic models
Definitions
- the invention relates to a geographic information system with a data processing system in which at least one data record with geographic
- Raster data is stored for processing.
- GIS geographic information system
- the geographic information system deals with maps and registers that are integrated with each other.
- the geographic information system is currently used as a tool, especially for town planning and processing.
- the geographic information system is also used in particular for map reports, planning, advanced analyzes, operation and maintenance of technical systems and market analyzes.
- the geographic information system is a computer-based tool that enables the user to collect, manage, modify and evaluate area-related geographic data. Such data are available in the form of spatial (graphic) data and descriptive information.
- the spatial data deal with the location, characteristics and the relationships of geometric information with one another, e.g. Distances, neighborhood relationships, area sizes etc.
- the descriptive data relate to the closer properties of the geometric data.
- the geographic information system can therefore not only be drawn, but the real world can be represented model-based by the simultaneous processing of descriptive data.
- different thematic maps are used for this, such as topographical maps, groundwater maps, soil types, land use types, roads, rivers, but e.g. B. also administrative boundary maps as a basis.
- a geographic information system includes in addition to the
- a data type contains information about the existing maps (thematic maps, topographic maps, parcels, etc.).
- Another data type includes the
- Remote sensing data and image data (aerial and satellite images, photos, videos etc.).
- the other two data types contain existing digital databases (measurement data,
- GIS data record is ultimately created, which in turn consists of composite logical data records which contain all the geometries and feature information for the GIS project.
- a database developed in this way forms the basis for the evaluation and assessment using GIS methods. For example: cartographic analyzes such as intersections, overlays, thematic queries etc., network analyzes, topographical-spatial analyzes, model applications that are linked to the GIS data set, statistical analyzes and classifications as well as digital image processing techniques.
- each data record represents a raster unit. It is also known to display several raster data records together.
- an equidistant grid is placed over the area to be displayed. The grid width determines the distance between the grid lines. The grid lines are aligned parallel to the axes of a defined Cartesian coordinate system. A value is determined and stored along the grid lines. The area to be displayed is thus scanned at equidistant points to which discrete values can be assigned.
- a disadvantage of previous GIS planning is that the mosaic data sets used here by the data processing system, ie a data set corresponds to one unit, can often only process raster data sets with a uniform raster width.
- the display of several raster data records requires the separate handling of all raster data records involved, which cannot be processed together as a unit.
- the resulting large volumes of data are directly involved in the processing time.
- the resolution is correspondingly reduced according to the prior art. Disclosure of the invention
- the object of the invention is therefore to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to design the geographical information system in such a way that the data volumes are reduced, i.e. the processing time is shortened without
- the object is achieved in that, in a geographic information system of the type mentioned at the outset, the data set is assigned a raster data set designed as a unit.
- the invention is fundamentally based on the principle of now treating a data record as a uniform raster data record in a geographic information system.
- geographical information can be linked to that of the data record.
- the raster data record configured as a unit is in turn formed from a plurality of individual partial raster data.
- several screening levels or resolutions can be achieved, in particular when the information is displayed. For example, be required to simultaneously represent an inhabited area with a higher resolution than a rural area. This can be done easily with the use of several partial grid data sets.
- this data volume is greatly reduced without any loss of resolution. At the same time, the computing times are reduced accordingly.
- the data record consists directly of the content of the raster data record.
- the data record no longer needs to be mapped on the raster data record.
- the content of the data record is advantageously formed from the content of one or more real partial raster data records.
- the partial grid data records can be combined again in a suitable form. This often reduces the storage space required and thus increases the computing speed.
- the way of summarizing the partial grid data records can be carried out according to predetermined rules. The rules can advantageously be varied as needed to adapt them to the appropriate requirements.
- the rasters of the raster data records each have different raster distances.
- the partial raster data records can advantageously be designed according to technical data types of pixel values.
- different attributes can be assigned to the partial raster data records in a suitable manner.
- additional data are additionally added to the raster data record, in particular to provide a geographical reference, application-specific information, and support for the administration of a
- the rasters of the raster data sets are designed at right angles for easier calculation.
- the grid spacings of a grid are provided equidistantly.
- one or more partial raster data records can be displayed separately or simultaneously. Partial areas of one or more partial raster data records can advantageously also be represented.
- 1 shows a lattice structure of a multiraster geodata set.
- Fig. 2 shows a lattice structure as in Fig. 1, but with reference to attribute and
- FIG. 3 shows the basic grid level of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 shows the small grid level of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
- FIG. 5 shows the homogenized view of a lattice structure, as in FIG. 1 or FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows a fractional view of a lattice structure, as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the raster data record 11 is formed from partial raster data records 12a and 12b.
- the partial grid data sets 12a, 12b are square grids 14, 16 in the present exemplary embodiment.
- the grid widths are therefore the same, ie the sides of each rectangle 18 of a partial grid data set 12a or 12b are of equal length.
- a plurality of partial raster data records 12a, 12b, each with different raster widths are generally used.
- the partial raster data record 12b with the smallest raster width is Called small grid. All other raster widths of the partial raster data records 12a are always whole multiples of the small raster 12b.
- the partial grid data record 12a is called the basic grid.
- the grid lines 20 of a grid used in a raster data record 11 are simultaneously the grid lines 20 of all grids of smaller raster widths used in the same geodata record.
- Levels 22, 24 are assigned to the individual grids.
- the area shown is displayed in at most one raster width. If there is valid data for a raster width in one level 24 as in point 28, the same location 26 is kept free in all other levels 22 above. The extent of the area is described by the enclosing rectangle 36.
- FIG. 2 shows a lattice structure 10 as in FIG. 1, but with reference to an attribute and
- Color table 30 and additional data 32 The same components therefore have corresponding reference numerals.
- the geographical reference 34 is shown in this figure.
- the geographical reference 34 must record the coordinate system, the projection used, the ellipsoid used, the date, the origin, the extent of the depicted area and the grid widths of the grids 12a, 12b used and store them in the geodata set. This information establishes the geographical relationship between the geographical reality and the image stored in the geodata set.
- the additional data 32 supplement the raster data record 11 in particular by the geographical reference 34, by application-specific information, and support the management of a data record 10.
- the values of a rectangle 18 can be interpreted by the attribute and color tables 30.
- Each rectangle 18 represents a picture element or "pixel".
- the value of a pixel is interpreted as a table index.
- the selected entry assigns the pixels to a category. For example, depending on the color value in the Color table, a corresponding color and / or other attributes assigned to the pixel 18.
- FIG. 3 shows the basic grid level 22 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 taken on its own. Identical components of the illustration therefore have corresponding reference symbols.
- FIG. 4 shows the small grid level 24 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 taken on its own. Identical components of the illustration therefore have corresponding reference symbols.
- Each level 22 or 24 can be accessed separately. All levels 22, 24 show the same geographical section.
- 5 shows the homogenized view of a lattice structure 10 as in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. Identical components of the illustration therefore again have corresponding reference numerals. 5 all levels 22 and 24 are shown simultaneously in one level 37. In order to obtain a uniform resolution or rasterization, all levels 22 are scanned down to the raster size of level 24 with the smallest rasterization, without any loss of resolution.
- FIG. 6 shows a fractional view of a lattice structure 10 as in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. Identical components of the figure therefore have corresponding reference numerals. Five levels 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d and 24 are shown here. In levels 22a to
- each partial area 38a to 38d lies in its own level 22a to 22d.
- Subarea 40 corresponds to small grid 12b in level 24.
- Multi-grid data are stored as grouped data 42.
- the processing of grouped geodata sets 42 does not represent a standard functionality of a geographic information system 44. Therefore, this functionality must be made available for the geographic information system 44 through the interface 43.
- Several views of the data 38a to 38d, 12b are supported so that all essential
- Section 46 Possible uses of the geographic information systems 44 with all data 38a to 38d can be used.
- the view for calculations is in section 46. These views support the display as well as all calculation steps through the geographic information system. At the same time, the knowledge required by the user about the internal structure of the data 38a to 38d, 12b is reduced to a minimum.
- Section 48 means access to the raster data 38a-38d, wherein a certain view can be generated and visualized, section 50.
- Grouped data records 42 contain a plurality of partial data records 38a to 38d, which can each have different raster widths. In a grouped data record 42, areas of the same raster width can each be summarized in a partial data record. This creates a set of partial data sets 38a-38d, which everyone can store individually in any format supplied. These partial data records 38a to 38d can be read and edited by the geographic information system 44 without any adaptation.
- Another data record is also stored. This contains references to the individual partial data records 38a to 38d, but no primary geodesists. Compared to the geographic information system 44, it is represented by the interface as a data record with a uniform raster width. This is achieved by scanning down to the smallest grid of all partial data sets. The snapping happens during data access. If available, interfaces are used in such a way that
- Information about the required resolution can be evaluated and the rasterization can be reduced to a minimum.
- the screen resolution of the data processing system can thus be taken into account for the visualization 50.
- low resolution only thinning is carried out, at medium resolution, high-resolution partial areas are thinned out, and at very high resolution, all areas are broken down to smaller raster widths.
- an additional table of contents interface 43 is created, via which an application of all information about the available ones Screen rulings and a list of partial data records 38a to 38d, possibly restricted to certain screen rulings, can be obtained.
- access is selected via the grouping data set 42, as is shown in FIG. 8.
- the number is to be read
- Points limited due to the screen resolution since either only a small area can be viewed • with a higher resolution or only with a low resolution - a large area.
- Geographic information system analyzes 44 which can be carried out by manipulating attributes, can be traced back to the case of visualization. These analyzes include coloring and highlighting according to any criteria.
- the geographic system 44 can also be used to perform calculations in section 46. Analyzes, intersections or data conversions such as vectorizations of raster data are conceivable, for example. GIS calculations that take into account the entire data set and require the original raster widths are carried out separately for each partial data set and then combined again. The application developer or GIS user must take this into account when defining such calculations. However, the
- Table of contents interface 43 can be used so that loops can be easily programmed or entered over all relevant partial data records.
- the access via the grouping data record 42 can also be used for calculations.
- the number of points to be read is not determined by the number of points to be read.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Graphics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Instructional Devices (AREA)
- Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01991871A EP1360651A1 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2001-12-20 | Geographical information system comprising a grid data record |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10106015.7 | 2001-02-09 | ||
DE2001106015 DE10106015A1 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2001-02-09 | Geographic information system with raster data record |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002065402A1 true WO2002065402A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/015099 WO2002065402A1 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2001-12-20 | Geographical information system comprising a grid data record |
Country Status (3)
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EP (1) | EP1360651A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10106015A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002065402A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102867023A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2013-01-09 | 北京地拓科技发展有限公司 | Method for storing and reading grid data and device |
CN104063861A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司电力研究院 | Processing method for vectorizing electric power area image data |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10314486A1 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-16 | Lacos Computerservice Gmbh | Procedure for determining an area |
-
2001
- 2001-02-09 DE DE2001106015 patent/DE10106015A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-20 EP EP01991871A patent/EP1360651A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-12-20 WO PCT/EP2001/015099 patent/WO2002065402A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (7)
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ANNONI A ET AL: "TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGES WITHIN A CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM", COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN, ELSEVIER PUBLISHERS BV., BARKING, GB, vol. 22, no. 3, 1 April 1990 (1990-04-01), pages 160 - 166, XP000142570, ISSN: 0010-4485 * |
CHANG H K-C ET AL: "BREADTH FIRST LINEAR QUADTREES FOR WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS", APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, XX, XX, 16 April 1996 (1996-04-16), pages 55 - 62, XP008003580 * |
DRAGICEVIC S ET AL: "A FUZZY SET APPROACH FOR MODELLING TIME IN GIS", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE, LONDON, GB, vol. 3, no. 14, April 2000 (2000-04-01), pages 225 - 245, XP008003579, ISSN: 1365-8816 * |
KOLLER D ET AL: "VIRTUAL GIS: A REAL-TIME 3D GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM", PROCEEDINGS OF THE VISUALIZATION CONFERENCE. ATLANTA, OCT. 29 - NOV. 3, 1995, LOS ALAMITOS, IEEE COMP. SOC. PRESS, US, 29 October 1995 (1995-10-29), pages 94 - 100, XP000585396, ISBN: 0-7803-3127-3 * |
LANG, D.: "Vector-based GIS-Algorithm for Planning and Optimising Cellular Telecommunication Networks", March 1999, DIPLOM THESIS, DEPARTMENT OF GEOINFORMATION, TU VIENNA, AND DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY, UNIVERSITY VIENNA, WIEN, XP002202447 * |
MURALIKRISHNA I V: "OPTIMAL UTILISATION OF GIS AND REMOTE SENSING INFORMATION", CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON GIS. PROCEEDINGS. NATIONAL CONFERENCE. CONFERENCE CANADIENNE SUR LES SIG. RECUEIL DES COMMUNICATIONS. CONFERENCE NATIONALE, XX, XX, 18 March 1991 (1991-03-18), pages 813 - 814, XP008003577 * |
TSUI P H Y ET AL: "ADAPTIVE RECURSIVE TESSELLATIONS (ART) FOR GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATON SYSTEMS", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SCIENCE, LONDON, GB, vol. 3, no. 11, April 1997 (1997-04-01), pages 247 - 263, XP008003578, ISSN: 1365-8816 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102867023A (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2013-01-09 | 北京地拓科技发展有限公司 | Method for storing and reading grid data and device |
CN102867023B (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2015-06-17 | 北京地拓科技发展有限公司 | Method for storing and reading grid data and device |
CN104063861A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-24 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司电力研究院 | Processing method for vectorizing electric power area image data |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1360651A1 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
DE10106015A1 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
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