WO2002056204A2 - Interface d'interrogation naturelle fondee sur la selection de concept - Google Patents

Interface d'interrogation naturelle fondee sur la selection de concept Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002056204A2
WO2002056204A2 PCT/US2001/047602 US0147602W WO02056204A2 WO 2002056204 A2 WO2002056204 A2 WO 2002056204A2 US 0147602 W US0147602 W US 0147602W WO 02056204 A2 WO02056204 A2 WO 02056204A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concepts
recited
selector
person
concept
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/047602
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002056204A3 (fr
Inventor
Wayne Chan
Original Assignee
Professorq, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/976,440 external-priority patent/US6839699B2/en
Application filed by Professorq, Inc. filed Critical Professorq, Inc.
Publication of WO2002056204A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002056204A2/fr
Publication of WO2002056204A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002056204A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/903—Querying
    • G06F16/9032—Query formulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a natural query interface, and more particularly to a natural query interface based on selecting concepts.
  • voice recognition is not mature enough for pervasive use.
  • voice recognition approaches are not appropriate for many applications or situations.
  • Another type of user interface relies on handwriting recognition.
  • certain personal digital assistants use handwriting as a user interface. This can be a versatile approach.
  • the technologies are not so well developed as to allow one to write quickly, while still accurately recognizing the handwriting.
  • Still another type of user interface uses one or a series of predetermined menus that a user interacts with to make selections using a pointing mechanism or using data entry keys or buttons.
  • NTT Docomo of Japan has been quite successful with a mobile telephone that uses such a user interface.
  • a user selects one.
  • a pull-down menu can be displayed, and the user can select one element out of the menu being displayed.
  • Additional detailed menus can further refine the user's choice, general, this type of user interface is inflexible and offers only a limited number of choices. For example, there maybe seven top choices, each with a limited number of sub-choices.
  • the present invention pertains to a query interface for versatile information access.
  • the query interface (also referred to as a user interface) is presented on a display screen of an information appliance.
  • the query interface is not only more intelligent than existing techniques, but also can allow users to compose his or her own query to easily access large amounts of information.
  • the query interface can mimic natural thought processes, is easy to use, and does not require users to go through lengthy training exercises.
  • a concept can be defined as a generalization of a number of elements, or a category of related elements.
  • One approach includes a selector, a mapper and a generator.
  • the selector shows him a list of concepts, including cities and dates. He selects one of them. This selection can be througli a pointing device or other means.
  • a list of elements shows up, and in this case, they are specific cities favored by this particular user. Out of them, he selects San Francisco. Secondly, he selects the concept of city again.
  • the mapper maps to one or more inquiries.
  • the inquiry can be, "When are flights departing from San Francisco to New York on December 17, 2000?"
  • the generator generates a response to the inquiry, which can be a list of flight numbers and their schedules.
  • the response remains the same independent of the order of the concepts selected by the person. For example, the response remains the same if the person picks the concept of date before the concept of cities. In the case of the two cities, the system can assume that the first one is the starting point and the second one is the destination. Alternatively, the system can also provide both choices as responses.
  • the person in effect, composes a query without being presented a menu about travel. It is accomplished by his selection of the concepts that constitute the query. The selections are from many concepts related or unrelated to the domain of travel. Moreover, typically, if he picks more concepts, the accuracy of the responses increase, hi another embodiment, the user can be notified of the inquiry mapped, and is allowed to confirm that the inquiry is correct or is the one he is interested in. In such an embodiment, the system can allow the user to make changes to the inquiry.
  • the selector can be embedded in an information appliance, and can include a screen.
  • the selector may also include a voice synthesizer to indicate to the user the response vocally.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one set of steps to implement one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a concept and its hierarchy of elements in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 A shows a group of concepts embedded in a domain of concepts in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B shows examples of how concepts are grouped together in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows grouping of concepts indicating concepts can belong to multiple groups.
  • FIGs. 6A-6B show examples of ordering of groups, concepts within each group and elements within each concept to facilitate display and easy selection for devices with limited display capability.
  • FIG. 7 shows examples of where the selector can be embedded in, and examples of what the selector can include in the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows examples of features in the mapping step in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows examples of features in the response of the present invention.
  • FIGs. 10A-10H illustrate examples of displays in the rectangular window of a hand-held device exemplifying one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention pertains to a query interface for versatile information access, i one embodiment, the query interface (also referred to as a user interface) is presented on a display screen of an information appliance.
  • the query interface is not only more intelligent than existing techniques, but also can allow users to compose his or her own query to easily access large amounts of information.
  • the query interface mimics natural thought processes, it is easy to use, and does not require users to go through lengthy training exercises.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a query engine 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the query engine 100 includes a selector 102, a mapper 104, and a generator 106.
  • the selector 102 allows a person to select one or more concepts from a group of concepts.
  • a concept can be defined as a generalization of a number of elements, or a category of related elements.
  • the mapper 104 maps the one or more concepts selected and their selected elements, if applicable, to one or more inquiries. After the inquiry is mapped, the generator 106 generates a response to the inquiry.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of query processing 200 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the query processing 200 is, for example, performed by the query engine 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. Initially, the query processing 200 operates to select 202 two or more concepts. Typically, the available concepts to be chosen from are presented to the user as a group of concepts.
  • the two or more concepts are mapped 204 to at least one inquiry. Then, a response to the at least one inquiry is generated 206. Thereafter, the response can be presented to the user through various means. For example, the response can be presented to the user on a display screen or by way of audio output.
  • the response generated can be the same, independent of the order of selection of at least two of the concepts by the user.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a concept format 300 according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the concept format 300 includes a concept 302 and a hierarchy of elements 304.
  • a concept can encapsulate a number of elements that are related to each other.
  • the concept of food can include the elements of food from different countries.
  • Each element can itself also be a concept.
  • the concept of food from Japan can be classified into the elements of spicy and non-spicy food.
  • by clicking (or otherwise selecting) on a concept one can be presented with a pull-down menu showing a number of elements under that concept.
  • a concept can also be a stand-alone concept which contains no selectable elements.
  • concepts can be used to indicate abstract relationships, such as Boolean operators, and modifiers such as 'greater than,' 'equal to,' 'less than,' and 'least,' etc.
  • the decision to use this type of abstract concept influences the ease of use, complexity and precision of the interface. If an element of a concept itself is a concept, the hierarchy of elements 304 can be a multi-level hierarchy tree.
  • the user can select concepts or elements within the concepts. If the user has selected an element, in one embodiment, the inquiry mapped also depends on the element selected. Note that if a person has selected an element within a concept, the person can be considered to have selected the corresponding concept. [0037]
  • the objective of the selections is to allow the user to select a combination of concepts and their associated elements, if applicable. These concepts available for selection can be prescribed to a user and various techniques can be used to facilitate the selection process. For complex applications with a large number and variety of concepts, the ease of use of the interface can be improved by using various techniques.
  • FIG. 4B shows an association 450 of how concepts can be grouped according to one embodiment of the present invention. Examples of how concepts can be grouped together to be included in the group of concepts are as follows. One of the reasons concepts are grouped together is for ease of presenting to the user.
  • two concepts are grouped together based on the fact that they are related to each other, e.g., they are concepts within an application scenario, or based on the fact that the user previously selected them.
  • concepts are grouped together based on at least one characteristic of the user or based on a user profile. For example, if the user likes opera, then the concept of opera can be one of the concepts in the group of most frequently used concepts. This dependency presumes that the user profile is previously known. Also, there can be certain information automatically known about the user. For example, if the device can automatically identify its own location through a global positioning system, then it can automatically identify the location of the user. [0040] There can be multiple groups representing multiple application scenarios. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • concepts can also belong to multiple groups. For example, there may be four groups represented with group 1 representing travel, group 2 representing city information, group 3 representing sport information and group 4 representing award information. Based on a user profile, one can initially show concepts belonging to selected groups that are most likely to be selected. One embodiment is described in an example below.
  • concepts in a group do not have to be in the same language. For example, some concepts can be in English, and some can be in Chinese. Similarly, elements within a concept also do not have to be in the same language. Some elements can be in one language, while another element in another language.
  • FIGs. 6A and 6B show diagrams of how changes in groupings can be made dynamically in the present invention
  • the dynamic change pertains to including a concept within a group or including an element within a concept.
  • the dynamic change pertains to ordering a concept within a group or ordering elements within a concept.
  • Ordering of groups, ordering of concepts within a group and ordering of elements within a concept can all be used to facilitate displaying concepts and elements and facilitate their easy selection.
  • an ordering can be used to prioritize which concepts should be shown first
  • the concepts can be ordered according to the number of groups that they belong to. For concepts belonging to the same number of groups, the concepts will be ordered in the order of the groups they belong to. If the display device has a scrolling capability, the most likely selected concepts can be placed at the top of the display list.
  • elements can be grouped according to grouping of concepts.
  • the city names within the concept City can be grouped into Travel and City information.
  • the user may have favorite traveling destinations and ask for information only about San Francisco Bay Area.
  • the knowledge of which group of concepts the user is selecting can help prioritize which cities will be displayed when a drop-down list is being shown. If the user is selecting traveling concepts, the cities of favorite destinations in the concept City can be displayed first.
  • the ordering of groups can be changed dynamically. For example, after the user has selected the concepts of cities, it can be inferred that concepts within sport group and award group will unlikely be selected next. These groups will dynamically be assigned a lower order or priority.
  • a concept can be added to a group. For example, a user might prefer to add a particular concept into a group. The added concept may or may not replace another concept already in the group.
  • the system can also dynamically add concepts to a group based on frequency of selection together with other concepts in the group.
  • the number of inquiries that the concepts have received can be mapped or monitored to order the concepts. This is illustrated in an example below.
  • the objective of the selector is to facilitate the selection of a combination of concepts and their associated elements, if any. A mixture of methods can be used to achieve this.
  • the above description focuses on using display screens to present the concepts or elements to users. However, it should be understood that selection of such concepts or elements can be from different means, such as pointing devices, voice input, or handwriting input. Use of pointing devices, voice and handwriting can be intermixed when applicable.
  • FIG. 7 shows examples of where the selector can be embedded in, and examples of what the selector can include according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • the selector can be embedded in an Internet appliance, a mobile phone, a television, a personal digital assistant or a computer. More generally, the selector can be embedded in an information appliance.
  • the selector may include a screen to display the group of concepts.
  • the selector can include a pointing device or voice recognition mechanism to help the user select concepts. In other words, the user can use the pointing device to identify and select a concept, or the user may use his voice to select a concept.
  • the selector includes a voice synthesizer to indicate to the user the concept selected. For example, after the user has selected a concept, the selector can ask the user, "You have selected cities. Is this correct?" If the user responds affirmatively, the concept of cities will be selected.
  • FIG. 8 shows examples of features in the mapping process according to one embodiment of the present invention. For example, if the one or more concepts selected by the user can be mapped to more than one inquiry, the mapper may map to the more than one inquiry.
  • All or some of the mapped inquiries can be presented to the user.
  • the selector again can allow the user to select one of the inquiries to be responded to.
  • the user is allowed to confirm the accuracy of the inquiry mapped. For example, after selecting the one or more concepts, the selector can vocally indicate to the user that, "You asked, 'What is the arrival time of United 101?' Is this correct?" The affirmative response from the user will confirm the accuracy of the inquiry selected.
  • the selector can also receive confirmation in other ways, such as with a pointing device, h yet another embodiment, the inquiry mapped is not presented to the user, but is directly fed to the generator to have one or more responses produced. In this embodiment, the mapper can map directly to a response. The generator then generates the response to the user.
  • An inquiry mapped can include many inquiries. For example, the user selects the concepts ⁇ city>, ⁇ city> and ⁇ date> of travel group, the following inquiries maybe mapped and presented to the user:
  • Each set of symbols o denotes a pull-down menu with choices of other elements under the heading of the pull-down menu. The selected elements will be the default choices.
  • the pull-down menu for city can have many cities, and the pull-down menu for date can have three hundred sixty-five days.
  • the second query introduces a new concept ⁇ airline> which is not selected by the user. The response provides the user additional choices if he prefers. Any one of the three inquiries can be spanned out as a large number of fixed inquiries.
  • the mapper can also perform a certain degree of intelligent guessing. For example, after the user has selected the city, San Jose, and the concept of weather, the mapper automatically maps to the following inquiry:
  • the mapper automatically asks the user whether he is interested in the stock price of IBM. This guesswork can be based on the user's previous habit, such as the user asking for the price of IBM stock more than twice within a seven-day period. Based on such a rule and the user's previous habit, once the user selects IBM stock, the mapper will map to the inquiry of asking for the price of IBM stock. If the user confirms the accuracy of the inquiry, the price will be quoted to the user.
  • FIG. 9 shows examples of features in the response.
  • the response can be through visual effects, such as displayed on a screen.
  • the response can additionally or alternatively be through voice output, h yet another embodiment, in view of the response, an operation is performed.
  • the selector may say, "You asked to delete the stop limit order on IBM. Is this correct?" If the user responds affirmatively, an operation will be performed leading to the stop limit order on IBM being deleted.
  • the responses in the present invention can be of different types.
  • the response can be a direct answer
  • another example, the response can be a small page of information, with the direct answer included in that page.
  • the selector can be in one apparatus, which is wirelessly coupled to the mapper and the generator.
  • the mapper and selector are in one apparatus, which is wirelessly coupled to the generator.
  • the coupling can also be achieved in a wired manner.
  • the coupling (wired or wireless) can be through a network, which may include the Internet or an intranet.
  • FIGS. 10A-H illustrate examples of displays in the rectangular window of a handheld device exemplifying one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10A the user points at the concept of City with a pointing device.
  • FIG. 10B the user selects the element, San Francisco by pointing and clicking.
  • FIG. 10C the user points at the concept of City again.
  • FIG. 10D the user selects the element, New York.
  • FIG. 10E the user points at the concept of Date.
  • FIG. 10F the user selects December 17.
  • FIG. 10G the user points at the concept of Airline.
  • FIG. 10H the user selects United.
  • the selection process is through scrolling up and down actions.
  • the selection process can be through horizontal scanning. In either case, the user selects the concept desired.
  • results will be returned.
  • the system can also elect to return results without the user's confirmation. For example, after the user has selected the two cities, the date and the airline, the system automatically presents to the user a list of flight information.
  • Travel group ⁇ City, Date, Time, Hotel, Airline, Price... ⁇
  • City Information group ⁇ City, Weather, Hotel, Restaurant, Date, Time... ⁇
  • the selector can contain a database with all of the above concepts— the domain of concepts— and their corresponding elements.
  • the elements can be remotely stored in another computer or server.
  • These concepts are logically grouped, apriori or dynamically grouped as explained above. The grouping can facilitate easy selection of related concepts and their elements to formulate a query.
  • concepts are ordered and displayed as follows. Assume in this example that, at any moment, the concepts in the ordered list have a decreasing order of priority, i.e., the first concept in the ordered list has highest priority and the last concept the lowest. The rest of the concepts in the list have decreasing priority.
  • the default ordered list can be constructed as follows:
  • the initial screen may look like FIG. 10A when the selection process starts.
  • a parent group for a concept is one of the groups that this concept belongs to. Once a concept is selected, all concepts that share a parent group with the selected concept have higher priorities than those that do not. The list of concepts will therefore be reordered. Assume that the list of concepts is represented as ⁇ CI, C2, C3,...CM,...CN), where M represents the number of concepts that can be displayed at the same time. If the order of a concept falls below M, it will not be displayed in the display window and will be replaced by other concepts with higher priorities. For example, as shown in FIG. 10C, Stock and Award concepts are replaced by Restaurant and Store. The FIGs. lOA-l OH are used to illustrate the behavior of this process. Actual selection and physical location of concepts on the screen may differ according to individual implementation.
  • concepts can be ordered based on the number of queries they can be mapped to.
  • C2 can be mapped to FAQ3
  • FAQ4 CI C3 can be mapped to FAQ5
  • FAQ6 FAQ7 CI
  • C3, C4 can be mapped to FAQ8
  • concept 1 can be mapped to 4 queries
  • concept 2 can be mapped to 2 queries
  • concept 3 can be mapped to 3 queries
  • concept 4 can be mapped to 1 query.
  • the ordered list can be scrolled through the display window by the user. It can also scroll automatically and continuously until the user stops it. Selection can be done by point and click with a pointing device, a stylus, a pen or a finger. Selection can also be accomplished by clicking a fixed button when the item to be selected is going by a marker or a window (within the display window). All techniques can be employed to make it easier and faster for the user to select the desired concepts and, if applicable, their corresponding values (elements).
  • the query interface can operate in a client-server environment.
  • the selector operates on the client, and the mapper and the generator operate on the server.
  • the selector and the mapper operate on the client and the generator operates on the server.
  • the selector, mapper and generator all operate on the client.
  • the mapper and generator can function as a table lookup or a database query based on the selected concepts and elements. For example, the selection can be mapped to the following SQL statement template by the mapper: SELECT flight_no
  • the SQL statement template is mapped because there are three elements selected for the concepts Date, City and City. Additional heuristics can be applied in the selection of the SQL statement based on the concepts selected. The heuristics can be derived from an understanding of the application scenario or past usage. Once the SQL statement template is mapped, the selected elements of the concepts can be substituted accordingly to come up with the SQL statement:
  • the generator executes the SQL query and returns the result in an appropriate format for the output device.
  • the invention can be implemented with software, hardware, or a combination of hardware and software.
  • the invention can also be embodied as computer readable code on a computer readable medium.
  • the computer readable medium is any data storage device that can store data which can thereafter be read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable medium include read-only memory, random-access memory, CD-ROMs, magnetic tape, optical data storage devices, carrier waves.
  • the computer readable medium can also be distributed over network coupled computer systems so that the computer readable code is stored and executed in a distributed fashion.

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  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
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  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif informatique permettant d'accéder à l'information. Selon une variante, le dispositif comprend un sélecteur, une unité de mise en correspondance et un générateur. Le sélecteur permet de sélectionner des concepts et/ou des éléments dans les concepts. L'unité de mise en correspondance permet de mettre en correspondance les concepts sélectionnés et les éléments de ces concepts avec une interrogation. Le générateur permet de réponde à une interrogation. La réponse fournie peut rester la même, indépendamment de l'ordre des concepts sélectionnés par l'utilisateur.
PCT/US2001/047602 2000-12-08 2001-12-07 Interface d'interrogation naturelle fondee sur la selection de concept WO2002056204A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25429800P 2000-12-08 2000-12-08
US60/254,298 2000-12-08
US09/976,440 2001-10-12
US09/976,440 US6839699B2 (en) 2000-12-08 2001-10-12 Natural query interface based on concept selection

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WO2002056204A2 true WO2002056204A2 (fr) 2002-07-18
WO2002056204A3 WO2002056204A3 (fr) 2003-08-28

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004031988A2 (fr) * 2002-10-03 2004-04-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Acces aux services pour terminaux utilisateur peu complexes
EP1695191A2 (fr) * 2003-11-13 2006-08-30 Knowledgeworks Systeme permettant d'obtenir, de gerer et de fournir un contenu extrait

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US5787417A (en) * 1993-01-28 1998-07-28 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for selection of hierarchically related information using a content-variable list
US5940821A (en) * 1997-05-21 1999-08-17 Oracle Corporation Information presentation in a knowledge base search and retrieval system
US6078326A (en) * 1996-04-23 2000-06-20 Roku Technologies, L.L.C. System and method providing centricity user environment
WO2000036529A1 (fr) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Grassi Mantelli, Maria, Teresa Procede de taxonomie dynamique pour consulter et extraire des informations dans de vastes bases de donnees heterogenes
WO2000057257A2 (fr) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-28 Natrificial, Llc Procede et appareil pour organiser et traiter des informations au moyen d'un ordinateur

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US5787417A (en) * 1993-01-28 1998-07-28 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for selection of hierarchically related information using a content-variable list
US6078326A (en) * 1996-04-23 2000-06-20 Roku Technologies, L.L.C. System and method providing centricity user environment
US5940821A (en) * 1997-05-21 1999-08-17 Oracle Corporation Information presentation in a knowledge base search and retrieval system
WO2000036529A1 (fr) * 1998-12-16 2000-06-22 Grassi Mantelli, Maria, Teresa Procede de taxonomie dynamique pour consulter et extraire des informations dans de vastes bases de donnees heterogenes
WO2000057257A2 (fr) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-28 Natrificial, Llc Procede et appareil pour organiser et traiter des informations au moyen d'un ordinateur

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004031988A2 (fr) * 2002-10-03 2004-04-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Acces aux services pour terminaux utilisateur peu complexes
WO2004031988A3 (fr) * 2002-10-03 2004-08-12 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Acces aux services pour terminaux utilisateur peu complexes
EP1695191A2 (fr) * 2003-11-13 2006-08-30 Knowledgeworks Systeme permettant d'obtenir, de gerer et de fournir un contenu extrait
EP1695191A4 (fr) * 2003-11-13 2007-08-29 Knowledgeworks Systeme permettant d'obtenir, de gerer et de fournir un contenu extrait

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