WO2002049396A1 - System for increasing circuit performance by reusing energy - Google Patents

System for increasing circuit performance by reusing energy Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002049396A1
WO2002049396A1 PCT/ES2001/000484 ES0100484W WO0249396A1 WO 2002049396 A1 WO2002049396 A1 WO 2002049396A1 ES 0100484 W ES0100484 W ES 0100484W WO 0249396 A1 WO0249396 A1 WO 0249396A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
disconnection
during
load
hertz
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2001/000484
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bozidar Konjevic Lisac
Original Assignee
Bozidar Konjevic Lisac
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from ES200003001A external-priority patent/ES2184586B1/en
Application filed by Bozidar Konjevic Lisac filed Critical Bozidar Konjevic Lisac
Priority to AU2002221976A priority Critical patent/AU2002221976A1/en
Publication of WO2002049396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002049396A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/257—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/2573—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
    • H02M5/2576—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/2932—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage, current or power
    • H02M5/2937—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage, current or power using whole cycle control, i.e. switching an integer number of whole or half cycles of the AC input voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system with which a significant increase in the performance of a circuit is achieved, which is derived from the reuse of the energy dissipated in the normal operation of said circuit.
  • the system is based on the electrical effect that occurs as a result of the connection and disconnection of an electric charge to a source of electrical energy, so that the thermal or kinematic energy that remains remaining in the charge during a certain period of time is usable if during that time the load is disconnected from the power source.
  • the electric charge can be materialized by a heating element applicable to an electric heater, electric stove, electric oven or any other device, achieving a significant increase in the performance of the device in question, and consequently a significant energy saving as well as obtaining a quantity of hot water without energy cost for the user, when the specific application Be an electric heater.
  • thermoses thermoses or conventional electric water heaters that are basically composed of a metallic tank covered with a thermal insulation material, as well as conduits for water inlet and outlet, so that inside the tank an armored and electrically insulated electrical resistance is placed, which in direct contact with the tank transmits the heat to the water.
  • a thermostat connected in series with the resistor ensures that it is disconnected from the electric power source, when the water temperature reaches the maximum value selected, while a safety valve protects the heater from overpressures that could occur in case of failure of the thermostat.
  • the system proposed by the invention makes it possible to significantly increase said performance, by reusing the energy that is achieved using the remaining thermal or kinematic energy that is produced in a resistive or inductive load, respectively, after a short connection of several milliseconds of duration to an alternating or continuous source of electrical energy, said remaining energy remaining for a disconnection time equivalent to several milliseconds of duration and allowing said energy remaining to be added to the energy produced during the disconnection time, obtaining a remarkably resulting energy higher than the energy produced only during the connection of the load to the source of electrical energy.
  • the reason for the existence of this remaining energy is due to the tendency of a hot body to maintain its temperature and the tendency of a moving mass to follow said movement.
  • a first resistive or inductive load is connected to a source of electrical energy
  • a second load is also connected during a time of fractions of Hertz, one or several Hertz, consequently, during the alternative disconnection of both charges, a pair of remaining energies which, when added together, supposes an increase in performance.
  • three or more loads can be connected to the same source of alternating or continuous electric power, so that during the disconnection of the first load the second is connected, during the disconnection of the first and second the third is connected and so on, determining the number of charges based on the effective duration of the remaining energy that is produced in the first charge, so that during the disconnection of all charges there are some remaining energies that when added together suppose a gain of energy and, in Consequently, an increase in performance.
  • an electronic circuit can be used to detect the zero crossing of a first fraction of Hertz or a first Hertz of alternating current, transmitting a zero-crossing signal to a system that connects the load to the power source alternating electric, with the particularity that this signal is repeated at the end of the first fraction of Hertzio or the first Hertzio providing an order to the system that disconnects the load from the source of alternating electrical energy, so that through the said electric charge circulates the current only during said fraction of Hertz or of said Hertz, the connection and disconnection signals being governed by a programmable electronic device, such that at the time of disconnection of this first fraction of Hertz or first Hertz and consequently of the first load, the signals are produced to order the connection and disconnection of the electric current trica of the second load during a second fraction of Hertz or second Hertz, so that only one load remains connected at all times, it should be noted that during the disconnection of the first load an energy remains remaining in it and that during the disconnection of the second load
  • the system is also applicable in the case of using a direct current electrical source, such as a battery or accumulator.
  • any suitable mechanical, electromechanical, electrical, electronic or other element that meets the conditions described above can be used in order to achieve an increase in performance through the reuse of energy.
  • the system is applicable to devices such as electric water heaters, electric stoves, electric ovens or similar devices, in which case the load or loads that are connected or disconnected sequentially materialize in one or more metal heating elements that are heated by respective resistors electrical which are the ones that are connected or disconnected, so that the heating produced from that heating element causes the heat to be transmitted to, for example, the water of an electric heater.
  • the heating element is of a metallic nature, preferably copper, aluminum, iron or any other material with a specific heat lower than that of water
  • rapid heating of the aforementioned heating element occurs, while the water gradually warms up, establishing a temperature difference between the heating element itself and the water, so that if the resistance of the heating element with respect to the source of water is disconnected electrical energy, residual heat remains in the heating element that is slowly absorbed by the water contained in the electric heater tank, depending on the type of absorption and, consequently, on the period of disconnection, on the temperature difference between the heating element and water, as well as the surface of the heating element and the surface of the b
  • the tank or what is the same, of the nature of the metallic material in which the heating element is constituted and the volume of water contained in the tank itself.
  • the electric heater may be structured with any of the appropriate elements for this type of apparatus with valves, water inlet and outlet ducts, etc., with the particularity that during the disconnection of the resistance corresponding to the heating element it is possible to connect a second module or electric heater, also providing that in the period of disconnection of this second heating element the connection of a third heating element can be carried out, meaning that during the time of disconnection of the first and second heating element a successive connection can be made third or more heating elements belonging to a single electric heater or separate modules corresponding to as many heaters, providing the user with the possibility of installing the number of modules according to their hot water needs, highlighting that the connection of a module to an electric power source occurs when the other modules are disconnected, so the use of several modules does not represent any additional load for the power line, indicating that in the period of disconnection of one module and before the connection of the next module to the source of electrical energy It can be connected through the same electronic connection and disconnection device to other types of loads, such as electric stoves or ovens.
  • connection and disconnection times will be programmed according to the characteristics of the device in which the system is applied, so that in the case of several modules, during the disconnection time of the heating element resistances of each module will remain a residual heat in the respective heating element that is absorbed by the water, thereby representing a temperature gain and consequently a significant energy saving, all so that the number of modules will be a function of the time it takes for the water to absorb the remaining energy of each heating element.
  • the disconnection time of each module regardless of the time it takes for the water to absorb the residual heat, can be prolonged for as long as it is necessary to connect other modules or electric charges, without this representing an increase in the passage of electric current through the line Power supply
  • Figure 1. Shows a scheme corresponding to the electrical effect produced by a load connected to an alternating energy source.
  • Figure 2. Shows, according to a representation similar to that of the previous figure, the effect produced by two charges connected to a source of alternating electrical energy.
  • Figure 3. Shows, again according to a representation similar to that of the previous figures, the effect produced by three charges connected to a source of alternating electrical energy.
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6. They show representations equivalent to those of Figures 1, 2 and 3, but in the case in which the charges are connected to a source of continuous electrical energy.
  • Figure 7. Shows a diagram corresponding to a device for the implementation of the system according to the embodiment of Figure 2.
  • Figure 8. Shows a practical circuit corresponding to the scheme of the previous figure.
  • Figure 9.- Shows, according to a representation similar to that of Figure 7, a diagram according to the scheme of Figure 5.
  • Figure 10. Shows the practical electrical circuit corresponding to the diagram of Figure 9.
  • FIG. 11 Shows, finally, a scheme of the system of the invention applied to an electrical apparatus, such as an electric water heater, including two modules connected to the same source of alternating current electrical energy, the modules of which can be embodied in two devices or heaters of the same characteristics.
  • an electrical apparatus such as an electric water heater
  • an alternating electrical energy is applied during a fraction of Hertz, one Hertz or several Hertz.
  • first Hertz or first Hertz in the resistive (R x ) or inductive load (L, the transformation of electrical energy into heat or motion occurs, respectively.
  • first Hertz or first Hertz is interrupted for a time equivalent to another fraction of Hertz, Hertz or several Hertz the supply of electrical energy in the loads (R x ) or (L x ).
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6, as mentioned above, are equivalent to Figures 1, 2 and 3, but applied to loads connected to a continuous power source, where in turn the references (1 '), ( 2 '), (3'), (4 '), (6'), (7 '), (8') and (9 ') correspond to the same parameters as in the previous cases.
  • Figure 7 shows the connection scheme of a device according to the diagram in Figure 2, in which two charges (C x ) and (C 2 ) are connected to an alternative electric power source (V x ) a through respective connection / disconnection systems (Q ⁇ / Q 2 ) with which a Hertz detector (I x ) collaborates assisted by a programmable electronic device (U x ), theoretical circuit that can be materialized in the practical circuit that appears in Figure 8
  • figure 9 the system of connection of two motors to a continuous power source has been represented, for a case like the one shown in figure 5. Specifically in this case the two motors (M x - M 2 ) are connected to the continuous power source (BT- through respective connection / disconnection systems (Q- L - ⁇ ,), with the collaboration of a programmable electronic device (U x ).
  • the system is applicable to an electric heater as a single element or formed by two modules as corresponds to the scheme of Figure 11, even being formed by three or more modules, each module having its corresponding heating element (C) or ( C), within which the corresponding electrical resistance is established that when connected to the source of electrical energy, in this case to an alternating energy source, as shown in the scheme of Figure 11, causes heating of the heating element respective, which will be metallic in nature, whether copper, iron, aluminum or other appropriate material and whose heat is transmitted to the water of the heater itself, to produce the heating of said water, so that due to the specific heat difference between the metallic heating element and the water, an immediate heating of the latter will occur while the water is gradually heating more .
  • the heating element respective which will be metallic in nature, whether copper, iron, aluminum or other appropriate material and whose heat is transmitted to the water of the heater itself, to produce the heating of said water, so that due to the specific heat difference between the metallic heating element and the water, an immediate heating of the latter will occur while the water is gradually heating more .
  • an electric heater or any other type of apparatus such as electric stoves or electric ovens, of high performance and energy saving is obtained, by means of the reuse of energy, so that by means of a zero-pass detector (P), the activation of a circuit (Q) or (Q 1 ) of connection / disconnection of the resistance corresponding to the heating element (C) or (C) of the modules, all with the complement of an electronic circuit (U) by means of which is programmed the time of connection and disconnection of the corresponding circuit (Q) or (Q 1 ) that connects or disconnects the electrical resistance of the heating element (C) or (C), which means that each connection and disconnection coincides with the Zero crossing of the alternating electric current detected by the circuit that constitutes the detector (P).
  • P zero-pass detector
  • connection time of the resistors corresponding to the different heating elements of the modules will depend on the material in which the respective heating element is constituted, while the time or period of disconnection will depend on the volume of water contained in the tank corresponding to the electric heater or apparatus in question, as well as the surface of the heating element or elements itself, and the surface of the bottom of the tank in which precisely that heating element or elements are applied, the connection times between fractions of a second and several minutes.

Abstract

The system uses direct or alternating current and consists of connecting cycles of the source to the resistive or inductive load, cycles (1) of fractions of Hertz, Hertz or milliseconds alternating with disconnecting cycles of approximately the same magnitude. During the connecting cycles (1), thermal or cinematic energy (2) is produced, thus giving rise to surplus energy (3) that can be used during the disconnecting cycles. Preferably, several loads are connected to the same source, the second load being connected when the connecting cycle of the first load has stopped, the connecting cycle of the third load being connected when the connecting cycle of the second load has stopped, and so on successively. One of the loads is permanently connected to the source. The sum of surplus energies implies a gain in energy and increased performance. The load may be a heating element, the performance thereof being significantly improved.

Description

SISTEMA. PARA INCREMENTO DEL RENDIMIENTO EN UN CIRCUITO MEDIANTE LA REUTILIZACIÓN DE LA ENERGÍA SYSTEM. FOR INCREASE IN PERFORMANCE IN A CIRCUIT THROUGH THE REUSE OF ENERGY
D E S C R I P C I Ó ND E S C R I P C I Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema con el que se consigue un notable incremento en el rendimiento de un circuito, incremento que viene derivado de la reutilización de la energía disipada en el normal funcionamiento de dicho circuito.The present invention relates to a system with which a significant increase in the performance of a circuit is achieved, which is derived from the reuse of the energy dissipated in the normal operation of said circuit.
De forma más concreta el sistema se basa en el efecto eléctrico que se produce como consecuencia de la conexión y desconexión de una carga eléctrica a una fuente de energía eléctrica, de manera que la energía térmica o cinemática que permanece con carácter remanente en la carga durante un determinado periodo de tiempo, es aprovechable si durante ese tiempo se desconecta la carga de la fuente de energía.More specifically, the system is based on the electrical effect that occurs as a result of the connection and disconnection of an electric charge to a source of electrical energy, so that the thermal or kinematic energy that remains remaining in the charge during a certain period of time is usable if during that time the load is disconnected from the power source.
Esto en la práctica supone un significativo incremento del rendimiento y en consecuencia un importante ahorro energético.This in practice means a significant increase in performance and consequently a significant energy saving.
La carga eléctrica puede estar materializada por un elemento calefactor aplicable a un calentador eléctrico, estufa eléctrica, horno eléctrico u otro aparato cualquiera, consiguiéndose un significativo incremento del rendimiento del aparato en cuestión, y en consecuencia un importante ahorro energético así como la obtención de una cantidad de agua caliente sin coste energético para el usuario, cuando la aplicación concreta sea un calentador eléctrico.The electric charge can be materialized by a heating element applicable to an electric heater, electric stove, electric oven or any other device, achieving a significant increase in the performance of the device in question, and consequently a significant energy saving as well as obtaining a quantity of hot water without energy cost for the user, when the specific application Be an electric heater.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
De acuerdo con la ley física de la conservación de la energía, definida por Robert Mayer en 1842, la energía no puede desaparecer ni producirse por sí misma, tan solo puede cambiar la forma, es decir, la energía ni se crea ni se destruye, sólo se puede transformar. Durante la transformación se pierde una cantidad de energía, por lo que la energía transformada es siempre menor que la energía antes de la transformación. El cociente entre la energía después de la transformación y la energía antes de la transformación se denomina rendimiento. Debido a las pérdidas mencionadas dicho rendimiento nunca es igual a uno .According to the physical law of conservation of energy, defined by Robert Mayer in 1842, energy cannot disappear or produce itself, it can only change the form, that is, energy is neither created nor destroyed, It can only be transformed. An amount of energy is lost during the transformation, so that the transformed energy is always less than the energy before the transformation. The ratio between energy after transformation and energy before transformation is called performance. Due to the mentioned losses said performance is never equal to one.
Por otro lado, existen aparatos tales como termos o calentadores eléctricos de agua convencionales que se componen básicamente de un depósito metálico cubierto de un material de aislamiento térmico, así como de conductos para entrada y salida del agua, de manera que en el interior del depósito se sitúa una resistencia eléctrica blindada y aislada eléctricamente, que en contacto directo con el depósito transmite el calor al agua. Un termostato conectado en serie con la resistencia asegura la desconexión de la misma de la fuente de energía eléctrica, cuando la temperatura del agua alcanza el valor máximo seleccionado, mientras que una válvula de seguridad protege el calentador de sobrepresiones que pudieran producirse en caso de fallo del termostato.On the other hand, there are devices such as thermoses or conventional electric water heaters that are basically composed of a metallic tank covered with a thermal insulation material, as well as conduits for water inlet and outlet, so that inside the tank an armored and electrically insulated electrical resistance is placed, which in direct contact with the tank transmits the heat to the water. A thermostat connected in series with the resistor ensures that it is disconnected from the electric power source, when the water temperature reaches the maximum value selected, while a safety valve protects the heater from overpressures that could occur in case of failure of the thermostat.
Mediante el sistema de la invención es posible mejorar el rendimiento y conseguir un importante ahorro energético en el calentamiento de agua de calentadores eléctricos o termos convencionales.Through the system of the invention it is possible to improve performance and achieve significant energy savings in heating water heaters electric or conventional thermos.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El sistema que la invención propone permite elevar notablemente el citado rendimiento, mediante la reutilización de la energía que se consigue utilizando la energía térmica o cinemática remanente que se produce en una carga resistiva o inductiva, respectivamente, después de una corta conexión de varios milisegundos de duración a una fuente de energía eléctrica alterna o continua, permaneciendo dicha energía remanente durante un tiempo de desconexión equivalente a varios milisegundos de duración y permitiendo que a la energía producida durante el tiempo de desconexión se le sume dicha energía remanente, obteniéndose una energía resultante notablemente superior a la energía que se produce únicamente durante la conexión de la carga a la fuente de energía eléctrica. La razón de la existencia de esta energía remanente es debida a la tendencia de un cuerpo caliente a mantener su temperatura y la tendencia de una masa en movimiento a seguir dicho movimiento .The system proposed by the invention makes it possible to significantly increase said performance, by reusing the energy that is achieved using the remaining thermal or kinematic energy that is produced in a resistive or inductive load, respectively, after a short connection of several milliseconds of duration to an alternating or continuous source of electrical energy, said remaining energy remaining for a disconnection time equivalent to several milliseconds of duration and allowing said energy remaining to be added to the energy produced during the disconnection time, obtaining a remarkably resulting energy higher than the energy produced only during the connection of the load to the source of electrical energy. The reason for the existence of this remaining energy is due to the tendency of a hot body to maintain its temperature and the tendency of a moving mass to follow said movement.
De forma más concreta y en el caso de corriente alterna durante un tiempo equivalente a fracciones de Hertzio, uno o varios Hertzios, se conecta una primera carga resistiva o inductiva a una fuente de energía eléctrica, se posibilita que durante la desconexión de la citada primera carga se conecte una segunda carga igualmente durante un tiempo de fracciones de Hertzio, uno o varios Hertzios, produciéndose en consecuencia, durante la desconexión alternativa de ambas cargas, un par de energías remanentes que al sumarse supone un incremento del rendimiento. Opcionalmente pueden ser conectadas tres o más cargas a la misma fuente de energía eléctrica alterna o continua, de modo que durante la desconexión de la primera carga se conecta la segunda, durante la desconexión de la primera y segunda se conecte la tercera y así sucesivamente, determinándose el número de cargas en función de la duración efectiva de la energía remanente que se produce en la primera carga, de tal forma que durante la desconexión de todas las cargas se producen unas energías remanentes que al sumarse suponen una ganancia de energía y, en consecuencia, un incremento del rendimiento.More specifically and in the case of alternating current for a time equivalent to fractions of Hertz, one or several Hertz, a first resistive or inductive load is connected to a source of electrical energy, it is possible that during the disconnection of said first a second load is also connected during a time of fractions of Hertz, one or several Hertz, consequently, during the alternative disconnection of both charges, a pair of remaining energies which, when added together, supposes an increase in performance. Optionally, three or more loads can be connected to the same source of alternating or continuous electric power, so that during the disconnection of the first load the second is connected, during the disconnection of the first and second the third is connected and so on, determining the number of charges based on the effective duration of the remaining energy that is produced in the first charge, so that during the disconnection of all charges there are some remaining energies that when added together suppose a gain of energy and, in Consequently, an increase in performance.
Para la puesta en práctica del sistema puede utilizarse un circuito electrónico que detecte el paso por cero de una primera fracción de Hertzio o un primer Hertzio de corriente alterna, transmitiendo señal de paso por cero a un sistema que conecta la carga a la fuente de energía eléctrica alterna, con la particularidad de que esta señal se repite al final de la primera fracción de Hertzio o del primer Hertzio proporcionando una orden al sistema que desconecta la carga de la fuente de energía eléctrica alterna, de modo que por la citada carga eléctrica circule la corriente únicamente durante la citada fracción de Hertzio o del citado Hertzio, estando las señales de conexión y desconexión gobernadas por un dispositivo electrónico programable, de tal manera que en el momento de la desconexión de esta primera fracción de Hertzio o primer Hertzio y en consecuencia de la primera carga, se produzcan las señales para ordenar la conexión y desconexión de la corriente eléctrica de la segunda carga durante una segunda fracción de Hertzio o segundo Hertzio, de manera que en todo momento permanezca conectada tan sólo una carga, siendo de señalar que durante la desconexión de la primera carga permanece una energía remanente en la misma y que durante la desconexión de la segunda carga permanece igualmente una segunda energía remanente en ella, que sumándolas proporcionan una ganancia energética que a su vez sumada a la energía producida como consecuencia directa al paso de la corriente eléctrica por la carga durante el ciclo de conexión representa un notable incremento del rendimiento, pudiéndose conectar una tercera o más cargas, en función de la duración efectiva de la energía remanente que se produce en cada una de ellas, especialmente en la primera.For the implementation of the system, an electronic circuit can be used to detect the zero crossing of a first fraction of Hertz or a first Hertz of alternating current, transmitting a zero-crossing signal to a system that connects the load to the power source alternating electric, with the particularity that this signal is repeated at the end of the first fraction of Hertzio or the first Hertzio providing an order to the system that disconnects the load from the source of alternating electrical energy, so that through the said electric charge circulates the current only during said fraction of Hertz or of said Hertz, the connection and disconnection signals being governed by a programmable electronic device, such that at the time of disconnection of this first fraction of Hertz or first Hertz and consequently of the first load, the signals are produced to order the connection and disconnection of the electric current trica of the second load during a second fraction of Hertz or second Hertz, so that only one load remains connected at all times, it should be noted that during the disconnection of the first load an energy remains remaining in it and that during the disconnection of the second load also remains a second energy remaining in it, which by adding them provides an energy gain that in turn added to the energy produced as a direct consequence of the passage of electric current through the load during The connection cycle represents a significant increase in performance, being able to connect a third or more loads, depending on the effective duration of the remaining energy produced in each of them, especially in the first.
El sistema es aplicable igualmente en el caso de utilización de una fuente eléctrica de corriente continua, como por ejemplo una batería o acumulador.The system is also applicable in the case of using a direct current electrical source, such as a battery or accumulator.
Para la conexión y desconexión de las cargas puede utilizarse cualquier elemento mecánico, electromecánico, eléctrico, electrónico u otro, adecuado, que cumpla con las condiciones descritas anteriormente, con objeto de conseguir el incremento del rendimiento mediante la reutilización de la energía.For the connection and disconnection of the loads, any suitable mechanical, electromechanical, electrical, electronic or other element that meets the conditions described above can be used in order to achieve an increase in performance through the reuse of energy.
El sistema es aplicable a aparatos tales como calentadores eléctricos de agua, estufas eléctricas, hornos eléctricos o aparatos similares, en cuyo caso la carga o cargas que se conectan o desconectan secuencialmente se materializan en uno o más elementos calentadores metálicos que son calentados por respectivas resistencias eléctricas que son las que se conectan o desconectan, de manera que el calentamiento producido de ese elemento calefactor da lugar a que el calor se transmita a, por ejemplo, el agua de un calentador eléctrico .The system is applicable to devices such as electric water heaters, electric stoves, electric ovens or similar devices, in which case the load or loads that are connected or disconnected sequentially materialize in one or more metal heating elements that are heated by respective resistors electrical which are the ones that are connected or disconnected, so that the heating produced from that heating element causes the heat to be transmitted to, for example, the water of an electric heater.
Teniendo en cuenta que el elemento calentador es de naturaleza metálica, preferentemente cobre, aluminio, hierro o cualquier otro material con un calor específico más bajo que el del agua, se tiene que tras un corto período de tiempo de conexión de la resistencia de ese elemento calentador a una fuente de energía eléctrica, se produce el rápido calentamiento del aludido elemento calentador, mientras que el agua se va calentando más paulatinamente, estableciéndose una diferencia de temperatura entre el propio elemento calentador y el agua, de modo que si se desconecta la resistencia del elemento calentador respecto de la fuente de energía eléctrica, en el elemento calentador permanece un calor residual que es lentamente absorbido por el agua contenida en el depósito del calentador eléctrico, dependiendo el tipo de absorción y, en consecuencia, del período de desconexión, de la diferencia de temperatura entre el elemento calentador y el agua, así como de la superficie del elemento calentador y de la superficie de la base del depósito, o lo que es lo mismo, de la naturaleza del material metálico en que esté constituido el elemento calentador y del volumen del agua contenida en el propio depósito.Given that the heating element is of a metallic nature, preferably copper, aluminum, iron or any other material with a specific heat lower than that of water, it is necessary after a short period of connection of the resistance of that heating element to a source of electrical energy, rapid heating of the aforementioned heating element occurs, while the water gradually warms up, establishing a temperature difference between the heating element itself and the water, so that if the resistance of the heating element with respect to the source of water is disconnected electrical energy, residual heat remains in the heating element that is slowly absorbed by the water contained in the electric heater tank, depending on the type of absorption and, consequently, on the period of disconnection, on the temperature difference between the heating element and water, as well as the surface of the heating element and the surface of the b The tank, or what is the same, of the nature of the metallic material in which the heating element is constituted and the volume of water contained in the tank itself.
Evidentemente, el calentador eléctrico podrá estar estructurado con cualquiera de los elementos apropiados para este tipo de aparatos con válvulas, conductos de entrada y salida del agua, etc., con la particularidad de que durante la desconexión de la resistencia correspondiente al elemento calentador se puede conectar un segundo módulo o calentador eléctrico, previéndose igualmente que en el período de desconexión de este segundo elemento calentador pueda efectuarse el conexionado de un tercer elemento calentador, significando que durante el tiempo de la desconexión del primer y segundo elemento calentador se pueden conectar sucesivamente un tercer o más elementos calentadores pertenecientes a un único calentador eléctrico o módulos separados correspondientes a otros tantos calentadores, proporcionando al usuario la posibilidad de instalar el número de módulos con arreglo a sus necesidades de agua caliente, destacando que la conexión de un módulo a una fuente de energía eléctrica se produce cuando los demás módulos estén desconectados, por lo que la utilización de varios módulos no representa carga adicional alguna para la línea eléctrica, indicando que en el período de la desconexión de un módulo y antes de la conexión del siguiente módulo a la fuente de energía eléctrica se puede conectar a través del mismo dispositivo electrónico de conexión y desconexión a otro tipo de cargas, como por ejemplo estufas u hornos eléctricos.Obviously, the electric heater may be structured with any of the appropriate elements for this type of apparatus with valves, water inlet and outlet ducts, etc., with the particularity that during the disconnection of the resistance corresponding to the heating element it is possible to connect a second module or electric heater, also providing that in the period of disconnection of this second heating element the connection of a third heating element can be carried out, meaning that during the time of disconnection of the first and second heating element a successive connection can be made third or more heating elements belonging to a single electric heater or separate modules corresponding to as many heaters, providing the user with the possibility of installing the number of modules according to their hot water needs, highlighting that the connection of a module to an electric power source occurs when the other modules are disconnected, so the use of several modules does not represent any additional load for the power line, indicating that in the period of disconnection of one module and before the connection of the next module to the source of electrical energy It can be connected through the same electronic connection and disconnection device to other types of loads, such as electric stoves or ovens.
Evidentemente, los tiempos de conexión y desconexión se programarán de acuerdo con las características del aparato en el que se aplique el sistema, de manera que cuando se trate de varios módulos, durante el tiempo de desconexión de las resistencias del elemento calentador de cada módulo permanecerá un calor residual en el respectivo elemento calentador que es absorbido por el agua, representando con ello una ganancia de temperatura y en consecuencia un importante ahorro energético, todo ello de manera que el número de módulos estará en función del tiempo que tarde el agua en absorber la energía remanente de cada elemento calentador.Obviously, the connection and disconnection times will be programmed according to the characteristics of the device in which the system is applied, so that in the case of several modules, during the disconnection time of the heating element resistances of each module will remain a residual heat in the respective heating element that is absorbed by the water, thereby representing a temperature gain and consequently a significant energy saving, all so that the number of modules will be a function of the time it takes for the water to absorb the remaining energy of each heating element.
Debido a la despreciable pérdida de calor, en base a un buen aislamiento térmico del aparato, el tiempo de desconexión de cada módulo, independientemente del tiempo que tarde el agua en absorber el calor residual, se puede prolongar durante el tiempo que se precisen conectar otros módulos o cargas eléctricas, sin que esto represente un incremento del paso de la corriente eléctrica por la línea de suministro eléctrico.Due to the negligible loss of heat, based on good thermal insulation of the device, the disconnection time of each module, regardless of the time it takes for the water to absorb the residual heat, can be prolonged for as long as it is necessary to connect other modules or electric charges, without this representing an increase in the passage of electric current through the line Power supply
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. In an illustrative and non-limiting manner, the following has been represented:
La figura 1. - Muestra un esquema correspondiente al efecto eléctrico que produce una carga conectada a una fuente de energía alterna.Figure 1. - Shows a scheme corresponding to the electrical effect produced by a load connected to an alternating energy source.
La figura 2.- Muestra, según una representación similar a la de la figura anterior, el efecto que producen dos cargas conectadas a una fuente de energía eléctrica alterna.Figure 2.- Shows, according to a representation similar to that of the previous figure, the effect produced by two charges connected to a source of alternating electrical energy.
La figura 3.- Muestra, nuevamente según una representación similar a la de las figuras anteriores, el efecto que producen tres cargas conectadas a una fuente de energía eléctrica alterna.Figure 3.- Shows, again according to a representation similar to that of the previous figures, the effect produced by three charges connected to a source of alternating electrical energy.
Las figuras 4, 5 y 6.- Muestran representaciones equivalentes a las de las figuras 1, 2 y 3, pero en el caso en el que las cargas están conectadas a una fuente de energía eléctrica continua.Figures 4, 5 and 6. - They show representations equivalent to those of Figures 1, 2 and 3, but in the case in which the charges are connected to a source of continuous electrical energy.
La figura 7. - Muestra un esquema correspondiente a un dispositivo para la puesta en práctica del sistema según la realización de la figura 2. La figura 8. - Muestra un circuito práctico correspondiente al esquema de la figura anterior.Figure 7. - Shows a diagram corresponding to a device for the implementation of the system according to the embodiment of Figure 2. Figure 8. - Shows a practical circuit corresponding to the scheme of the previous figure.
La figura 9.- Muestra, según una representación similar a la de la figura 7, un diagrama según el esquema de la figura 5.Figure 9.- Shows, according to a representation similar to that of Figure 7, a diagram according to the scheme of Figure 5.
La figura 10. - Muestra el circuito eléctrico práctico correspondiente al diagrama de la figura 9.Figure 10. - Shows the practical electrical circuit corresponding to the diagram of Figure 9.
La figura 11.- Muestra, finalmente, un esquema del sistema de la invención aplicado a un aparato eléctrico, tal como un calentador eléctrico de agua, incluyendo dos módulos conectados a una misma fuente de energía eléctrica de corriente alterna, cuyos módulos pueden materializarse en sendos aparatos o calentadores de las mismas características .Figure 11.- Shows, finally, a scheme of the system of the invention applied to an electrical apparatus, such as an electric water heater, including two modules connected to the same source of alternating current electrical energy, the modules of which can be embodied in two devices or heaters of the same characteristics.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
En el caso específico de aplicación de la invención a corrientes eléctricas alterna, a una carga resistiva (Rx) , o una carga inductiva (Lx) , se aplica una energía eléctrica alterna durante una fracción de Hertzio, un Hertzio o varios Hertzios. Durante esta primera fracción de Hertzio, primer Hertzio o primeros Hertzios en la carga resistiva (Rx) o inductiva (L se produce la transformación de la energía eléctrica en calor o en movimiento, respectivamente. Coincidiendo con la finalización de esta primera fracción de Hertzio, primer Hertzio o primeros Hertzios se interrumpe durante un tiempo equivalente a otra fracción de Hertzio, Hertzio o varios Hertzios el suministro de energía eléctrica en las cargas (Rx) o (Lx) . Sin embargo, y pese a esta interrupción, la energía térmica producida en la carta resistiva (Rx) o el movimiento producido en la carga inductiva (Lx) permanecen durante esta corta ausencia de energía eléctrica. Esta permanencia de energía térmica en la carta resistiva (Rx) se debe a la tendencia de un cuerpo caliente a mantener su temperatura, mientras que la permanencia de la energía cinemática (movimiento) producida por una carga inductiva (Lx) se debe a la tendencia de una masa a seguir en movimiento. Por tanto, la pérdida de energía térmica o cinemática que se produce durante ese corto ciclo de interrupción de energía eléctrica equivalente a la duración de una fracción de Hertzio, un Hertzio o varios Hertzios no es significativa. A continuación y coincidiendo con la finalización de la interrupción del suministro de energía, se vuelve a conectar el suministro de energía a las cargas (R yIn the specific case of application of the invention to alternating electric currents, to a resistive load (R x ), or an inductive load (L x ), an alternating electrical energy is applied during a fraction of Hertz, one Hertz or several Hertz. During this first fraction of Hertz, first Hertz or first Hertz in the resistive (R x ) or inductive load (L, the transformation of electrical energy into heat or motion occurs, respectively. Coinciding with the completion of this first fraction of Hertz , first Hertz or first Hertz is interrupted for a time equivalent to another fraction of Hertz, Hertz or several Hertz the supply of electrical energy in the loads (R x ) or (L x ). However, and despite this interruption, the thermal energy produced on the chart resistive (R x ) or the movement produced in the inductive load (L x ) remain during this short absence of electrical energy. This permanence of thermal energy in the resistive chart (R x ) is due to the tendency of a hot body to maintain its temperature, while the permanence of the kinematic energy (movement) produced by an inductive load (L x ) is due to the tendency of a mass to keep moving. Therefore, the loss of thermal or kinematic energy that occurs during that short cycle of interruption of electrical energy equivalent to the duration of a fraction of Hertz, one Hertz or several Hertz is not significant. Then, coinciding with the end of the interruption of the power supply, the power supply is reconnected to the loads (R and
(Lx) durante una fracción de Hertzio, un Hertzio o varios(L x ) during a fraction of Hertz, one Hertz or several
Hertzios de la misma forma y tal y como anteriormente se ha dicho. Este proceso de suministro, corte, suministro, corte, suministro..., se repite durante el tiempo que se desee producir energía térmica o cinemática. Sumando la energía térmica o cinemática que se ha producido durante la conexión de las cargas a la fuente de energía eléctrica, a la energía remanente que permanece durante el tiempo de la desconexión de las cargas de la fuente, se obtiene un significativo aumento del rendimiento y en consecuencia un importante ahorro energético, como se desprende de la observación de la figura 1, donde los ciclos de energía durante la conexión de una carga a una fuente de energía eléctrica alterna aparecen referenciados con (1) , la energía térmica o cinemática producida durante la conexión de la carga a la fuente aparece referenciada con (2) y la energía remanente que permanece en la carga durante la desconexión de la fuente aparece referenciada con (3) . El rendimiento viene dado por la siguiente expresión:Hertz in the same way and as previously said. This process of supply, cutting, supply, cutting, supply ..., is repeated for as long as it is desired to produce thermal or kinematic energy. Adding the thermal or kinematic energy that has occurred during the connection of the loads to the source of electrical energy, to the remaining energy that remains during the time of the disconnection of the loads of the source, a significant increase in performance is obtained and consequently an important energy saving, as can be seen from the observation in figure 1, where the energy cycles during the connection of a load to an alternating electric power source are referenced with (1), the thermal or kinematic energy produced during the connection of the load to the source is referenced with (2) and the remaining energy that remains in the load during the disconnection of the source is referenced with (3). Performance is given by the following expression:
Rendimiento = (Energía producida + Energía remanente) / Energía consumidaYield = (Energy produced + Energy remaining) / Energy consumed
Durante el tiempo de desconexión de la carga (Rx) o (Lx) de la fuente de energía eléctrica se conecta una segunda carga denominada (R2) o (L2) , tal como muestra la figura 2. En consecuencia, la corriente eléctrica circula durante una fracción de Hertzio, un Hertzio o varios Hertzios a través de la carga (R o (L . Debido a que en todo momento sólo hay carga (R2) o (L2) . Debido a que en todo momento sólo hay una carga conectada a la fuente de energía eléctrica, el consumo de energía corresponde siempre a una única carga. Sin embargo, existen en cada carga energías remanentes durante el período de desconexión de la fuente eléctrica, que son las que al sumarse presentan la ganancia energética y el considerable incremento del rendimiento.During the time of disconnection of the load (R x ) or (L x ) of the electric power source, a second load called (R 2 ) or (L 2 ) is connected, as shown in Figure 2. Consequently, the electric current circulates during a fraction of Hertz, one Hertz or several Hertz through the charge (R or (L. Because at all times there is only charge (R 2 ) or (L 2 ). Because at all times there is only one load connected to the electrical energy source, the energy consumption always corresponds to a single load, however, there are in each load remaining energies during the period of disconnection of the electrical source, which are the ones that when added present the energy gain and the considerable increase in performance.
Como anteriormente se ha dicho en lugar de una o dos cargas pueden utilizarse tres cargas, como en el caso de la figura 3, o más, siendo las referencias (4), (5) y (6) de las figuras 2 y 3 equivalentes a las referenciasAs stated above, instead of one or two charges, three charges may be used, as in the case of Figure 3, or more, the references (4), (5) and (6) of Figures 2 and 3 being equivalent to references
(1), (2) y (3), para la segunda carga, y las referencias (7) , (8) y (9) para la tercera.(1), (2) and (3), for the second load, and references (7), (8) and (9) for the third.
Las figuras 4, 5 y 6, como anteriormente se ha dicho, son equivalentes a las figuras 1, 2 y 3, pero aplicadas a cargas conectadas a una fuente de energía eléctrica continua, donde a su vez las referencias (1'), (2'), (3'), (4'), (6'), (7'), (8') y (9') se corresponden con los mismos parámetros que en los casos anteriores. En la figura 7 se ha representado el esquema de conexión de un dispositivo según el diagrama de la figura 2, en el que dos cargas (Cx) y (C2) están conectadas a una fuente de energía eléctrica alternativa (Vx) a través de respectivos sistemas de conexión / desconexión (Qλ/Q2 ) con los que colabora un detector de Hertzios (Ix) asistido por un dispositivo electrónico programable (Ux) , circuito teórico que puede materializarse en el circuito práctico que aparece en la figura 8.Figures 4, 5 and 6, as mentioned above, are equivalent to Figures 1, 2 and 3, but applied to loads connected to a continuous power source, where in turn the references (1 '), ( 2 '), (3'), (4 '), (6'), (7 '), (8') and (9 ') correspond to the same parameters as in the previous cases. Figure 7 shows the connection scheme of a device according to the diagram in Figure 2, in which two charges (C x ) and (C 2 ) are connected to an alternative electric power source (V x ) a through respective connection / disconnection systems (Q λ / Q 2 ) with which a Hertz detector (I x ) collaborates assisted by a programmable electronic device (U x ), theoretical circuit that can be materialized in the practical circuit that appears in Figure 8
Por su parte, en la figura 9 se ha representado el sistema de conexión de dos motores a una fuente de energía eléctrica continua, para un caso como el mostrado en la figura 5. Concretamente en este caso los dos motores (Mx- M2) están conectados a la fuente de energía eléctrica continua (BT- a través de respectivos sistemas de conexión/desconexión (Q-L-ζλ,) , con la colaboración de un dispositivo electrónico programable (Ux) .On the other hand, in figure 9 the system of connection of two motors to a continuous power source has been represented, for a case like the one shown in figure 5. Specifically in this case the two motors (M x - M 2 ) are connected to the continuous power source (BT- through respective connection / disconnection systems (Q- L -ζλ,), with the collaboration of a programmable electronic device (U x ).
Este diagrama de bloques de la figura 9 puede materializarse en el circuito electrónico que muestra a su vez la figura 10.This block diagram of Figure 9 can be embodied in the electronic circuit which in turn shows Figure 10.
El sistema es aplicable a un calentador eléctrico como elemento único o bien formado por dos módulos como corresponde al esquema de la figura 11, incluso estar formado por tres o más módulos, teniendo que cada módulo contará con su correspondiente elemento calentador (C) o (C), en cuyo interior está establecida la correspondiente resistencia eléctrica que cuando se conecta a la fuente de energía eléctrica, en este caso a una fuente de energía alterna, como se representa en el esquema de la figura 11, produce el calentamiento del elemento calentador respectivo, que será de naturaleza metálica, ya sea cobre, hierro, aluminio u otro material apropiado y cuyo calor es transmitido al agua del propio calentador, para producir el calentamiento de dicha agua, de manera que debido a la diferencia de calor específico entre el elemento calentador metálico y el agua, se producirá un inmediato calentamiento de aquél mientras que el agua se va calentando más paulatinamente.The system is applicable to an electric heater as a single element or formed by two modules as corresponds to the scheme of Figure 11, even being formed by three or more modules, each module having its corresponding heating element (C) or ( C), within which the corresponding electrical resistance is established that when connected to the source of electrical energy, in this case to an alternating energy source, as shown in the scheme of Figure 11, causes heating of the heating element respective, which will be metallic in nature, whether copper, iron, aluminum or other appropriate material and whose heat is transmitted to the water of the heater itself, to produce the heating of said water, so that due to the specific heat difference between the metallic heating element and the water, an immediate heating of the latter will occur while the water is gradually heating more .
Pues bien, realizando una desconexión de la resistencia correspondiente a cada elemento calentador (C) o (C) durante el período de tiempo en que el agua está recibiendo el calor residual correspondiente a ese elemento calentador (C) o (C), se producirá un ahorro energético si se lleva a cabo la conexión y desconexión reiterada de la resistencia eléctrica correspondiente a cada elemento calentador (C) o (C), con la particularidad de que cuando el calentador eléctrico incluya uno o más módulos, se efectuará el conexionado de la resistenciaWell, by disconnecting the resistance corresponding to each heating element (C) or (C) during the period of time when the water is receiving the residual heat corresponding to that heating element (C) or (C), it will occur an energy saving if the connection and repeated disconnection of the electrical resistance corresponding to each heating element (C) or (C) is carried out, with the particularity that when the electric heater includes one or more modules, the connection of the resistance
(C) correspondiente al segundo módulo, durante el período de desconexión de la resistencia correspondiente al elemento calentador (C) del primer módulo, y así sucesivamente, dando lugar a que exista una conexión continua de resistencias sobre la fuente de alimentación eléctrica, pero con aprovechamiento de la energía correspondiente al calor residual de cada uno de los elementos calentadores (C) o (C)... etc.(C) corresponding to the second module, during the period of disconnection of the resistance corresponding to the heating element (C) of the first module, and so on, resulting in a continuous connection of resistors on the power supply, but with use of the energy corresponding to the residual heat of each of the heating elements (C) or (C) ... etc.
De esta manera se obtiene un calentador eléctrico o cualquier otro tipo de aparato, como estufas eléctricas u hornos eléctricos, de alto rendimiento y ahorro energético, mediante la reutilización de la energía, de manera que mediante un detector de paso por cero (P) , se efectuará la activación de un circuito (Q) o (Q1) de conexión/desconexión de la resistencia correspondiente al elemento calentador (C) o (C) de los módulos, todo ello con el complemento de un circuito electrónico (U) mediante el que se programa el tiempo de conexión y desconexión del correspondiente circuito (Q) o (Q1) que conecta o desconecta la resistencia eléctrica del elemento calentador (C) o (C), lo que significa que cada conexión y desconexión coincide con el paso por cero de la corriente eléctrica alterna detectada por el circuito que constituye el detector (P) .In this way an electric heater or any other type of apparatus, such as electric stoves or electric ovens, of high performance and energy saving is obtained, by means of the reuse of energy, so that by means of a zero-pass detector (P), the activation of a circuit (Q) or (Q 1 ) of connection / disconnection of the resistance corresponding to the heating element (C) or (C) of the modules, all with the complement of an electronic circuit (U) by means of which is programmed the time of connection and disconnection of the corresponding circuit (Q) or (Q 1 ) that connects or disconnects the electrical resistance of the heating element (C) or (C), which means that each connection and disconnection coincides with the Zero crossing of the alternating electric current detected by the circuit that constitutes the detector (P).
Como es evidente, el tiempo de conexión de las resistencias correspondientes a los distintos elementos calentadores de los módulos, dependerá del material en que esté constituido el respectivo elemento calentador, mientras que el tiempo o período de desconexión dependerá del volumen de agua contenida en el depósito correspondiente al calentador eléctrico o aparato de que se trate, así como de la superficie del propio elemento o elementos calentadores, y de la superficie del fondo del depósito en el que está aplicado precisamente ese elemento o elementos calentadores, pudiendo oscilar los tiempos de conexión entre fracciones de segundo y varios minutos. As is evident, the connection time of the resistors corresponding to the different heating elements of the modules will depend on the material in which the respective heating element is constituted, while the time or period of disconnection will depend on the volume of water contained in the tank corresponding to the electric heater or apparatus in question, as well as the surface of the heating element or elements itself, and the surface of the bottom of the tank in which precisely that heating element or elements are applied, the connection times between fractions of a second and several minutes.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E SR E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
Ia.- Sistema para incremento del rendimiento en un circuito mediante la reutilización de la energía, que estando especialmente concebido para reutilizar la energía térmica o cinemática remanente que se produce en una carga resistiva o inductiva respectivamente, tras su desconexión, se caracteriza porque consiste en conectar la carga (Rx) o (Lx) a la fuente de energía eléctrica (VI- BTl) durante un tiempo de varios milisegundos de duración para realizar inmediatamente a continuación la desconexión de dicha carga durante un tiempo de también varios milisegundos, permitiendo que a la energía producida durante el tiempo desconexión se le sume la energía remanente del tiempo de desconexión, obteniéndose una energía resultante notablemente superior, con el consecuente incremento del rendimiento. I-.- system for increased performance in a circuit by reusing energy, which being specially designed for reuse thermal or kinetic energy remaining which occurs in a resistive or inductive respectively load, after switching, characterized in that it consists in connecting the load (R x ) or (L x ) to the power source (VI-BTl) for a period of several milliseconds to immediately immediately disconnect said load for a time of also several milliseconds, allowing the energy produced during the disconnection time to add the remaining energy of the disconnection time, resulting in a significantly higher resulting energy, with the consequent increase in performance.
2a.- Sistema para incremento del rendimiento en un circuito mediante la reutilización de la energía, según reivindicación Ia, caracterizado porque la fuente de alimentación utilizada es indistintamente una fuente de corriente alterna (Vx) o una fuente de corriente continua (BT , habiéndose previsto que cuando se utiliza energía eléctrica alterna los tiempos de conexión y desconexión sean equivalentes a fracciones de Hertzio, uno o varios Hertzios, mientras que en el caso de utilización de corriente continua los tiempos de conexión y desconexión sean de varios milisegundos.2 .- system for increased performance in a circuit by reusing energy, according to claim I to, wherein the power supply used is either a source of alternating current (V x) or a DC source (BT , having provided that when alternating electrical energy is used, the connection and disconnection times are equivalent to fractions of Hertz, one or several Hertz, while in the case of direct current use the connection and disconnection times are several milliseconds.
3a.- Sistema para incremento del rendimiento en un circuito mediante la reutilización de la energía, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque se ha previsto la conexión de dos, tres o más cargas a una misma fuente de energía eléctrica alterna (V. o continua (BTX) , de modo que durante la desconexión de la primera carga se conecte la segunda, durante la desconexión de la primera y la segunda se conecte la tercera y así sucesivamente, determinándose el número de cargas en función de la duración efectiva de la energía remanente que se produce en la primera carga, de tal forma que durante la desconexión de todas las cargas se produzcan unas energías remanentes que al sumarse suponen una ganancia de energía y, en consecuencia, un incremento del rendimiento.3 .- system for increased performance in a circuit by reusing energy, according to previous claims, characterized in that there is provided connecting two, three or more loads to the same power source AC (V. or continuous (BT X ), so that during the disconnection of the first load the second is connected, during the disconnection of the first and the second the third is connected and so on, determining the number of charges based on the effective duration of the remaining energy produced in the first load, in such a way that during the disconnection of all the loads there are some remaining energies that when added together suppose a gain of energy and, consequently, an increase of the yield.
4a.- Sistema para incremento del rendimiento en un circuito mediante la reutilización de la energía, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque un circuito electrónico ( Iλ) detecta el paso por cero de una primera fracción de Hertzio, primer Hertzio o varios Hertzios de corriente alterna, transmitiendo la señal de paso por cero a un sistema (Qx) que conecta la carga (Cλ) a una fuente de energía eléctrica alterna (Vx) , con la particularidad de que esta señal se repite al final de esta primera fracción de Hertzio, primer Hertzio o varios4 .- system for increased performance in a circuit by reusing energy, according to previous claims, characterized in that an electronic circuit (I λ) detects the zero crossing of a first fraction of hertz, first hertz or several hertz alternating current, transmitting the zero crossing signal to a system (Q x ) that connects the load (C λ ) to a source of alternating electrical energy (V x ), with the particularity that this signal is repeated at the end of this first fraction of Hertzio, first Hertzio or several
Hertzios, proporcionando una orden al sistema (Qx) que desconecta la carga (Cx) de la fuente de energía eléctrica alterna (Vx) , de modo que por la citada carga eléctrica circule la corriente únicamente durante esta primera fracción de Hertzio, primer Hertzio o varios Hertzios, significando que las señales de conexión y desconexión son gobernadas por un dispositivo electrónico programableHertz, providing an order to the system (Q x ) that disconnects the load (C x ) from the source of alternating electrical energy (V x ), so that the current electric current circulates only during this first fraction of Hertz, First Hertz or several Hertz, meaning that the connection and disconnection signals are governed by a programmable electronic device
(Ux) , de tal manera que en el momento de la desconexión de esta primera fracción de Hertzio, primer Hertzio o varios Hertzios y en consecuencia de la primera carga (Cx) se produzcan las señales para ordenar la conexión y desconexión de la corriente eléctrica de una segunda carga(U x ), in such a way that at the time of disconnection of this first fraction of Hertz, first Hertz or several Hertz, and consequently of the first load (C x ) the signals are produced to order the connection and disconnection of the electric current of a second charge
(C2) durante una segunda fracción de Hertzio, segundo(C 2 ) during a second fraction of Hertz, second
Hertzio o varios Hertzios, de manera que en todo momento permanezca conectada tan solo una carga, significando que durante la desconexión de la primera carga (Cx) permanece una energía remanente en la misma y que durante la desconexión de la segunda carga (C2) permanece igualmente una segunda energía remanente, que sumándolas proporcionan una ganancia energética que a su vez sumada a la energía producida como consecuencia directa del paso de la corriente eléctrica por la carga durante el ciclo de conexión, representan un notable incremento del rendimiento, pudiéndose conectar una tercera o más cargas, determinándose el número de las mismas en función de la duración efectiva de la energía remanente que se produce en la primera carga (Cx) , de tal forma que durante la desconexión de todas las cargas se produzcan unas energías remanentes que al sumarse representen una ganancia de energía y, en consecuencia, un incremento del rendimiento.Hertz or several Hertz, so that at all times only one load remains connected, meaning that during the disconnection of the first load (C x ) a remaining energy remains in it and that during the disconnection of the second load (C 2 ) a second remaining energy also remains, which by adding them provide an energy gain that in turn added to The energy produced as a direct consequence of the passage of the electric current through the load during the connection cycle, represents a notable increase in performance, being able to connect a third or more charges, determining the number thereof based on the effective duration of the remaining energy that is produced in the first charge (C x ), so that during the disconnection of all the charges there are some remaining energies that when added together represent a gain of energy and, consequently, an increase in performance.
5a.- Sistema para incremento del rendimiento en circuito mediante la reutilización de la energía, según reivindicaciones Ia, 2a y 3a, caracterizado porque cuando se utiliza una fuente de energía eléctrica de corriente continua (BTx) , como puede ser una batería o acumulador, a través de un circuito electrónico se alimenta de los motores eléctricos (Mx) y (M2) , de tal forma que (Mx) se conecte a la fuente (BT durante varios milisegundos a través de (Qx) , siendo este tiempo de conexión gobernado por un dispositivo electrónico programable (Uα) , con la particularidad de que durante varios milisegundos de desconexión, (Mx) gracias a la energía remanente permanece en movimiento, de tal manera que la energía producida durante la conexión de (Mx) se sume a la energía remanente producida durante la desconexión de este mismo motor produciéndose de esta manera una energía resultante superior a la que se produce sólo durante la conexión del motor (M2) a la fuente de energía eléctrica, con la particularidad de que durante el tiempo de desconexión de (Mx) se conecta un segundo motor (M2) que durante la desconexión de varios milisegundos produce una segunda energía remanente que se suma a la energía remanente producida por el motor (Mx) , incrementándose la ganancia energética y en consecuencia el rendimiento, de tal modo que durante la desconexión del primer motor (Mx) y segundo motor (M2) se conecte un tercer o más motores, determinándose el número de • motores en función de la duración efectiva de la energía remanente que se produce en el primer motor (Mx) , de tal forma que durante la desconexión alternativa y no simultánea de todos los motores se produzcan unas energías remanentes que al sumarse suponen una ganancia de energía y, en consecuencia, un incremento del rendimiento.5 .- system for increased performance circuit by reusing energy, according to claims I to, 2 and 3, characterized in that when a power source is used DC (BT x), as can be a battery or accumulator, through an electronic circuit is powered by electric motors (M x ) and (M 2 ), so that (M x ) is connected to the source (BT for several milliseconds through (Q x ), this connection time being governed by a programmable electronic device (U α ), with the particularity that for several milliseconds of disconnection, (M x ) thanks to the remaining energy remains in motion, such that the energy produced during the connection of (M x ) the remaining energy produced during the disconnection of this same motor is added, resulting in a resulting higher energy than that produced only during the connection of the motor (M 2 ) to the source of electrical energy, with the particularity that during the disconnection time of (M x ) a second motor (M 2 ) is connected which, during the disconnection of several milliseconds, produces a second remaining energy that is added to the remaining energy produced by the motor (M x ), increasing the energy gain and consequently the performance , so that during the disconnection of the first motor (M x ) and second motor (M 2 ) a third or more motors are connected, determining the number of • motors based on the effective duration of the remaining energy produced in the first motor (M x ), in such a way that during the alternative and non-simultaneous disconnection of all the motors there are some remaining energies that when added together suppose a gain of energy and, consequently, an increase of the performance.
6a.- Sistema para incremento del rendimiento en un circuito mediante la reutilización de la energía, según reivindicaciones 4a y 5a, caracterizado porque para la conexión y desconexión de las cargas (Q) o motores (M) , es utilizable cualquier elemento mecánico, electromecánico, eléctrico, electrónico u otro.6 a. - System for increasing performance in a circuit by reusing energy, according to claims 4 a and 5 a , characterized in that for the connection and disconnection of loads (Q) or motors (M), any element can be used mechanical, electromechanical, electrical, electronic or other.
7a.- Sistema para incremento del rendimiento en un circuito mediante la reutilización de la energía, según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la carga o cargas que se conecta y se desconectan respecto de la fuente de alimentación eléctrica, está constituidas por la resistencia o resistencias correspondiente o correspondientes a un elemento calentador o elementos calentadores metálicos (C- C), de respectivos módulos o aparatos eléctricos, tales como un calentador eléctrico de agua, una estufa eléctrica, horno eléctrico o similar, estableciéndose la conexión y desconexión durante períodos de tiempo en los que se efectúa el calentamiento del elemento calentador respectivo (C) o (C) y durante el período de tiempo en que el calor residual de ese elemento calentador (C-C) es absorbido por el agua, en caso de tratarse de calentadores eléctricos de agua o por el aire en caso de tratarse de estufas eléctricas u hornos; habiéndose previsto que los períodos de tiempo de conexión y desconexión dependan tanto del material metálico en que esté constituido cada elemento calentador (C-C) como del volumen de agua contenido en el depósito del propio aparato calentador, incluso en la superficie de contacto entre el elemento calentador de que se trate y el depósito contenedor del agua del calentador eléctrico.7 .- system for increased performance in a circuit by reusing energy according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the load or loads that is connected and disconnected with respect to the power supply, is constituted by the resistance or resistors corresponding or corresponding to a heating element or metallic heating elements (C-C), of respective modules or electrical appliances, such as an electric water heater, an electric stove, electric oven or the like, establishing the connection and disconnection during periods of time in which the heating of the heating element is carried out respective (C) or (C) and during the period of time in which the residual heat of that heating element (CC) is absorbed by the water, in the case of electric water heaters or by the air in the case of electric stoves or ovens; having provided that the periods of connection and disconnection time depend both on the metallic material in which each heating element (CC) is constituted and on the volume of water contained in the tank of the heating apparatus itself, even on the contact surface between the heating element in question and the water heater water container container.
8a.- Sistema para incremento del rendimiento en un circuito mediante la reutilización de la energía, según reivindicación 7a, caracterizado porque cuando se trata de dos o más módulos de aparatos eléctricos, la resistencia del elemento calentador del segundo módulo o aparato se conectan durante el período de desconexión de la resistencia correspondiente del elemento calentador del primer módulo o aparato, mientras que la resistencia del elemento calentador correspondiente al tercer módulo o aparato se conecta durante el período de desconexión de las resistencias correspondientes a los elementos calentadores de los módulos o aparatos primero y segundo, y así sucesivamente, estableciéndose una conexión y desconexión secuencial de las resistencias correspondientes a los distintos elementos calentadores de los módulos o aparatos correspondientes. 8 .- system for increased performance in a circuit by reusing energy, according to claim 7, wherein when it is two or more modules of electrical devices, the resistance of the heating element of the second module or device connected during the period of disconnection of the corresponding resistance of the heating element of the first module or apparatus, while the resistance of the heating element corresponding to the third module or apparatus is connected during the period of disconnection of the resistances corresponding to the heating elements of the modules or first and second devices, and so on, establishing a sequential connection and disconnection of the resistors corresponding to the different heating elements of the corresponding modules or devices.
PCT/ES2001/000484 2000-12-15 2001-12-14 System for increasing circuit performance by reusing energy WO2002049396A1 (en)

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ESP200003001 2000-12-15
ES200003001A ES2184586B1 (en) 2000-12-15 2000-12-15 SYSTEM FOR INCREASING PERFORMANCE IN A CIRCUIT THROUGH THE REUSE OF ENERGY.
ESP200102704 2001-12-04
ES200102704A ES2196981B1 (en) 2000-12-15 2001-12-04 IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION N.200003001, BY "SYSTEM FOR INCREASE IN PERFORMANCE IN A CIRCUIT THROUGH THE REUSE OF ENERGY".

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4520259A (en) * 1983-02-14 1985-05-28 Frederick Schoenberger Electrical energy saver
FR2574227A1 (en) * 1984-12-04 1986-06-06 Duhennois Pascal Method and device for cyclic distribution of electrical energy with controlled magnitude, for rational use of electrical heating in particular
FR2794926A1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2000-12-15 Bruno Gallois Control method, by successive energizing, for individual heaters of electric heating installation, has controlling relays, one per heater, cyclically switched by automatic controller

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4520259A (en) * 1983-02-14 1985-05-28 Frederick Schoenberger Electrical energy saver
FR2574227A1 (en) * 1984-12-04 1986-06-06 Duhennois Pascal Method and device for cyclic distribution of electrical energy with controlled magnitude, for rational use of electrical heating in particular
FR2794926A1 (en) * 1999-06-10 2000-12-15 Bruno Gallois Control method, by successive energizing, for individual heaters of electric heating installation, has controlling relays, one per heater, cyclically switched by automatic controller

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