WO2002048293A1 - Ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives - Google Patents
Ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002048293A1 WO2002048293A1 PCT/US2001/048863 US0148863W WO0248293A1 WO 2002048293 A1 WO2002048293 A1 WO 2002048293A1 US 0148863 W US0148863 W US 0148863W WO 0248293 A1 WO0248293 A1 WO 0248293A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- scavenger
- combustion
- emissions
- exhaust
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
- C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates, generally, to ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives and a method of protecting emissions systems.
- Emissions systems as used herein broadly includes catalysts and associated equipment which is generally located in the effluent stream of a combustion system, e.g. in the exhaust or the like.
- the invention contemplates the addition of various compounds to an ultra low sulfur fuel to protect the emissions systems from poisoning by exhaust byproducts, and a method of protecting emissions systems from poisoning from impurities found in the fuel and lubricant sources and increasing the catalyst durability in these systems.
- the present invention relates to ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing an organometallic compound which acts as a scavenger to prevent poisoning deposits such as sulfur, phosphorus or lead on catalytic emissions systems used for reducing tailpipe emissions, thereby contributing to lowered emissions characteristics and improved emissions system efficiency, thereby contributing to lowered emissions characteristics and improved emissions system efficiency and improved emission hardware (e.g., catalyst) durability.
- an organometallic compound which acts as a scavenger to prevent poisoning deposits such as sulfur, phosphorus or lead on catalytic emissions systems used for reducing tailpipe emissions, thereby contributing to lowered emissions characteristics and improved emissions system efficiency, thereby contributing to lowered emissions characteristics and improved emissions system efficiency and improved emission hardware (e.g., catalyst) durability.
- the effluent stream from a combustion process by exhaust after treatment can lower emissions.
- the effluent contains a wide variety of chemical species and compounds, some of which may be converted by a catalyst into other compounds or species.
- Other catalytic and non-catalytic methods are also known.
- Thermal reactors are noncatalytic devices which rely on homogeneous bulk gas reactions to oxidize CO and HC.
- NO x is largely unaffected. Reactions are enhanced by increasing exhaust temperature (e.g. by a reduced compression ratio or retarded timing) or by increasing exhaust combustibles (rich mixtures).
- temperatures of 1500 °F (800 °C) or more are required for peak efficiency.
- the engine is run rich to give 1 percent CO and air is injected into the exhaust. Thermal reactors are seldom used, as the required setting dramatically reduces fuel efficiency.
- Catalytic systems are capable of reducing NO x as well as oxidizing CO and HC.
- a reducing environment for NO x treatment is required which necessitates a richer than chemically correct engine air-fuel ratio.
- a two-bed converter may be used in which air is injected into the second stage to oxidize CO and HC. While efficient, this procedure results in lower fuel economy.
- TWC single stage, three way catalysts
- Such TWC systems can employ, for example, either a zirconia or titanium oxide exhaust oxygen sensor or other type of exhaust sensor and a feedback electronic controls system to maintain the required air-fuel ratio near stoichiometric.
- Catalyst support beds may be pellet or honeycomb (e.g. monolithic). Suitable reducing materials include ruthenium and rhodium, while oxidizing materials include cerium, platinum and palladium.
- Diesel systems raise a different set of challenges for emissions control.
- Strategies for reducing particulate and HC include optimizing fuel injection and air motion, effective fuel atomization at varying loads, control of timing of fuel injection, minimization of parasitic losses in combustion chambers, low sac volume or valve cover orifice nozzles for direct injection, reducing lubrication oil contributions, and rapid engine warm-up.
- NO x is removed from diesel exhaust by either selective catalytic reduction, the use of leanNO x catalysts such as those comprised of zeolitic catalysts or using metals such as iridium, or catalyzed thermal decomposition of NO into O 2 and N 2 .
- Diesel particulate traps have been developed which employ ceramic or metal filters. Thermal and catalytic regeneration can bum out the material stored. Particulate standards of 0.2 g/mile may necessitate such traps. Both fuel sulfur and aromatic content contribute to particulate emissions. Catalysts have been developed for diesels which are very effective in oxidizing the organic portion of the particulate.
- LNT lean N x trap
- LNT's may also be placed on diesel engines, which also operate in a lean air-fuel mode. As in the lean-burn gasoline engines, the exhaust of both types of engines is net oxidizing and therefore is not conducive to the reducing reactions necessary to remove NO x . It is an object of the present invention to improve the storage efficiency and durability of the LNT and to prolong the useful life of the LNT before regeneration is necessary. It is well known that NO x adsorbers are highly vulnerable to deactivation by sulfur (see, for example, M. Guyon et al., Impact of Sulfur on NO x Trap Catalyst Activity- Study of the Regeneration Conditions, SAE Paper No.
- Performance fuels for varied applications and engine requirements are known for controlling combustion chamber and intake valve deposits, cleaning port fuel injectors and carburetors, protecting against wear and oxidation, improving lubricity and emissions performance, and ensuring storage stability and cold weather flow.
- Fuel detergents, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, stabilizers, oxidation preventers, and performance additives are known to increase desirable properties of fuels.
- Organometallic manganese compounds for example methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), available from Ethyl Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, is known for use in gasoline as an antiknock agent (see, e.g. US Patent 2,818,417).
- the present invention contemplates supplying, in a spark- or compression ignition lean, stoichiometric, or rich system, a low sulfur fuel containing a sufficient amount of an organometallic compound, e.g. MMT or the like, to effectively reduce the impact of poisoning substances on emissions systems for fuel-combustion systems.
- a fuel containing an organometallic manganese compound, such as MMT results in mixtures of manganese compounds containing, among others, species of manganese oxides, manganese phosphates and manganese sulfates.
- the metal In a gasoline or diesel engine that is operating with excess air according to the present invention, under lean conditions and using a fuel containing an organometallic compound according to the present invention, the metal will combine with combustion byproducts, e.g. sulfur, to form, e.g., metal sulfates in the exhaust. These compounds are not stable at the high, temperatures found in the exhaust manifold or those associated around typical three way catalysts.
- the metal can scavenge the sulfur and form stable metal sulfate compounds. This scavenging process then ties up the sulfur and protects the
- Suitable exhaust temperatures are below 650 °C,
- Figure 1 is a graphical representation comparing the sulfur content on a diesel oxidation catalyst aged 80,000 km on base diesel fuel (Base) or additized diesel fuel containing organometallic compounds (Metal).
- Figure 2 is a graphical representation comparing NO x conversion loss of a leanNOx trap with a spark-ignition base fuel and the base fuel plus an organometallic compound according to the present invention, wherein the base fuel contains 30 ppm sulfur.
- Figure 3 is a graphical representation comparing NO x conversion of a lean NOx trap after operating 46 hours on a base fuel and a fuel composition according to the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a graphical representation comparing NO x conversion loss of a catalysts with a spark-ignition base fuel and the base fuel plus an organometallic compound according to the present invention, wherein the base fuel contains 30 ppm sulfur.
- Catalytic based emissions systems are well known. As exhaust emissions control systems become more advanced and emissions restrictions become tighter, the susceptibility of emissions control systems to poisoning increases.
- the present invention contemplates providing an organometallic compound to a low sulfur fuel composition.
- Suitable organometallic compounds include those containing at least one alkali, alkaline earth or transition metal in conjunction with an appropriate ligand.
- the fuel compositions of the present invention can further enhance the emissions control system protection of the low sulfur fuel. Also, the present invention allows for use of fuels having a higher sulfur content to function in a similar manner to a fuel having a lower sulfur content with respect to protecting the exhaust emission control technologies.
- Preferred metals include sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium, rhodium, cerium, palladium, platinum, iron, manganese and mixtures thereof.
- organometallic compounds for use in the present invention include those compounds taught in US Patents 4,036,605; 4,104,036: 4,474580; 4,568,357; 4,588,416; 4,674,447; 4,891,050; 4,908,045; 4,946,609; 4,955,331; 5,113, 803; 5,599,357; 5,919,276; 5,944,858; 6,051,040 and 6,056,792; and European Patent EP 466 512 Bl .
- organometallic compounds are those containing at least one of the metals selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, strontium, cerium, barium, platinum and palladium.
- Preferred manganese containing organometallic compound are manganese tricarbonyl compounds delivered in the fuel or through the lubricating composition. Such compounds are taught, for example, in US Patent Nos.
- Suitable manganese tricarbonyl compounds which can be used in the practice of this invention include cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, dimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, trimethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tetramethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, diethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, propylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, isopropylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, tert-butylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, octylcyclopentadienyl manganes
- manganese tricarbonyl compounds which are liquid at room temperature such as methylcyclopentadienylmanganesetricarbonyl, ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, liquid mixtures of cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, mixtures of methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and ethylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, etc.
- organometallic compounds e.g., cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compounds
- the organometallic compounds are employed in amounts sufficient to reduce the impact of poisons, e.g., sulfur, lead and phosphorus, on the emissions systems of a low sulfur fuel fired engine.
- poisons e.g., sulfur, lead and phosphorus
- the fuels will contain minor amounts of the organometallic compounds sufficient to control the impact of such deposits on catalytic exhaust emission control technologies.
- the fuels of the invention will contain an amount of the organometallic compound sufficient to provide from about 0.5 to about 120 mg of metal per liter of fuel, and preferably from about 1 to about 66 mg of manganese per liter and more preferably from about 2 to about 33 mg of metal per liter of fuel.
- the organometallic concentration When added to the lubrication systems of automobiles as a means of delivering the metal to the fuel combustion system, the organometallic concentration will be increased to provide the above amounts of the metal in the combustion chamber.
- the sulfur in the fuel reacts with the metal, for example the manganese in MMT, to form metal sulfate (MSO ) which are stable in the temperature range of 200-650 °C.
- MSO metal sulfate
- metal sulfates such as MnSO 4 do not bind to active sites on the catalyst whereas free sulfur does, in the form of a sulfate.
- the emissions system contains a component (e.g. a barium-containing lean NO x trap) which is poisonable by combustion products
- a component e.g. a barium-containing lean NO x trap
- applicants novel compositions and methods provide a substance which competes with the active site (e.g. barium) in the low- sulfur fueled engine-out exhaust.
- the metal of the scavenging agent will compete with the metal of the catalyst system for complexing with the sulfur, the metals may be suitable for use as scavenging agents in the practice of the present invention.
- the ability of the metal scavenging agent to compete with the metals of the catalyst for complexing with the catalyst poisons can be determined by monitoring catalyst durability.
- the organometallic scavengers of the present invention can reduce the detrimental impact of other poisons, such as phosphorus and lead, on emissions control technologies of the combustion systems of the present invention. It is especially preferred that the sulfur content of the fuel be less than 100 ppm, and the treatment rate of the organometallic compound be up to 120 mg/1, more preferably up to 66 mg/1, and most preferably up to 33 mg/1, based upon the amount of metal delivered to the fuel composition. Higher rates are possible, but excessive treatment of the fuel stock may be detrimental to proper functioning of the combustion system componentry.
- compositions of the present invention In a combustion engine, normal operation results in the combustion of the lubricant and additives such as those containing phosphorus or zinc added to the lubricant.
- the compositions of the present invention interact with the combustion products of these additives and reduce their adverse impact on exhaust aftertreatment devices.
- the novel compositions prevent the compounds, such as phosphorus, from covering catalyst or storage sites in the aftertreatment systems and reducing the aftertreatment system's effectiveness.
- the aftertreatment system's effectiveness in maintained over extended periods of operation.
- Example 1 Two vehicles equipped with diesel engines and oxidation catalysts were tested over 80,000 km. One vehicle used diesel fuel. The other used diesel fuel containing organometallic additives in an amount sufficient to provide 17 ppm calcium and 3 ppm manganese to the fuel. At the end of mileage accumulation the two catalysts were removed from the vehicle and the elemental content of these catalysts was evaluated. As seen in Figure 1, the catalysts from the vehicle operated on a fuel containing organometallic scavengers contained lower amounts of sulfur. This demonstrates that use of organometallic compounds scavenges sulfur and prevents it deposition on the catalyst.
- the addition of the organometallic compound acts to reduce the deposits of P, Pb and S upon the catalyst structure, thereby enhancing life and maintaining efficiency of the emissions system and reducing overall emissions.
- Such a reduction of deposits on catalysts is unexpected, as heretofore, such catalysts have been suitable only for so-called stoichiometrically balanced systems, and it is unexpected that an unbalanced system, e.g. a lean fuel combustion system, would work. It has been understood that for such three-way catalysts to work, they must be exactly matched to the stoichiometry of the combustion system or the production of emissions would be above that which is achievable with the practice of the instant invention.
- the method according to the instant invention is especially useful in low sulfur fuels, e.g., those with less than 100 ppm, preferably 50 ppm or less, more preferably 30 ppm or less, most preferably 20 ppm or less, for example 15 ppm or less, sulfur as it enhances the sulfur emissions reduction without the need to resort to more expensive desulfurization procedures.
- An especially preferred sulfur range in the fuel according to the present invention is from about 20 to about 50 ppm sulfur.
- the deleterious effects of other catalyst poisons, including those such as phosphorus and lead are also suitable for reduction according to the present invention by providing competing scavengers according to the present invention.
- the advantages of the present invention can still be recognized with fuels containing ultra-low levels of sulfur, for example 15 ppm or less, 5 ppm or less as well as sulfur-free fuels.
- the base fuels used in formulating the compositions of the present invention include base fuels suitable for use in the operation of spark-ignition or compression- ignition internal combustion engines such as diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, unleaded motor and aviation gasolines, and so-called reformulated gasolines which typically contain both hydrocarbons of the gasoline boiling range and fuel-soluble oxygenated blending agents, such as alcohols, ethers and other suitable oxygen-containing organic compounds.
- Oxygenates suitable for use in the present invention include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, mixed to C alcohols, methyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary amyl methyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether and mixed ethers. Oxygenates, when used, will normally be present in the base fuel in an amount below about 25% by volume, and preferably in an amount that provides an oxygen content in the overall fuel in the range of about 0.5 to about 5 percent by volume.
- the middle-distillate fuel is a diesel fuel having a sulfur content of up to about 0.01 %, preferably 0.005% or less, more preferably 0.003% or less, by weight, as determined by the test method specified in ASTM D 2622-98.
- Example 3
- a commercial leanNOx trap from a direct injection gasoline (DIG) engine was cored and cut into 1 inch by 3 A inch diameter samples.
- a catalyst sample was placed in a 1 inch stainless tube which in turn was in an electric oven down stream of a pulsed flame combustor.
- the pulsed flame combustor burned iso-octane with and without MMT.
- the combustor cycle was 5 min. consisting of 4 min. lean operation to trap NOx (lambda 1.3 with NOx added to give 500ppm to the catalyst), and 1 min. rich operation to reduce the trapped NOx (lambda 0.9 with no added NOx).
- the catalyst approached saturation with NOx at the end of the 4 min. lean period so NOx conversion were measured during the first 1 min.
- Figure 2 illustrates the deterioration rate for NO x conversion. Conversely, this could be looked upon as the rate of sulfur poisoning of the conversion process. As can be seen from this data, MMT at 18 mg Mn/liter protected the catalyst from sulfur poisoning and resulted in a deterioration rate that was only 80% of that observed from base fuel without MMT.
- Figure 3 illustrates the lean NO x Trap NO x efficiency at the end of test for several temperatures.
- the LNT operated on a fuel containing MMT displayed higher activity across a range of temperatures.
- Figure 4 illustrates the deterioration rate for NOx conversion with four separate catalyst samples from the same catalyst.
- Samples #1 and #2 utilized base fuel and samples #3 and #4 utilized a fuel containing MMT. Both samples with MMT showed lower deterioration rates. Since the differences in deterioration rates are much greater than the 95% confidence limits, these differences are considered statistically significant.
- the present invention is suitable for use in all combustion systems including burners and large and small engines, such as 4 stroke and 2 stroke engines, e.g. those in generators, leaf blowers, trimmers, snow blowers, marine engines, or other types of engines which may have the scavenger delivered to the combustion chamber.
- the scavenger is effective in the effluent stream of an exhaust system, especially where the emissions control is downstream from the combustion system.
- the reactants and components are identified as ingredients to be brought together either in performing a desired chemical reaction (such as formation of the organometallic compound) or in forming a desired composition (such as an additive concentrate or additized fuel blend).
- a desired chemical reaction such as formation of the organometallic compound
- a desired composition such as an additive concentrate or additized fuel blend.
- the additive components can be added or blended into or with the base fuels individually per se and/or as components used in forming preformed additive combinations and/or sub-combinations.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002426722A CA2426722A1 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives |
US10/450,201 US20040040201A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives |
EP01996274A EP1368444A4 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives |
JP2002549812A JP2004515640A (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Ultra-low sulfur fuel composition containing organometallic additives |
AU2002227422A AU2002227422A1 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives |
BR0116116-4A BR0116116A (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Ultra low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US25484500P | 2000-12-12 | 2000-12-12 | |
US60/254,845 | 2000-12-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002048293A1 true WO2002048293A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
Family
ID=22965805
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/048863 WO2002048293A1 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2001-12-12 | Ultra-low sulfur fuel compositions containing organometallic additives |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1368444A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004515640A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1279148C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002227422A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0116116A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2426722A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002048293A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1403359A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-31 | Infineum International Limited | Combination of a low ash lubricating oil composition and low sulfur fuel |
WO2005021689A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-10 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
US7332001B2 (en) | 2003-10-02 | 2008-02-19 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Method of enhancing the operation of diesel fuel combustion systems |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8852299B2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2014-10-07 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Fuel composition |
ITMI20072292A1 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-07 | Itea Spa | COMBUSTION PROCESS |
US9587190B2 (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2017-03-07 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Fuel composition and method of formulating a fuel composition to reduce real-world driving cycle particulate emissions |
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US5034020A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1991-07-23 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Method for catalyzing fuel for powering internal combustion engines |
US5501714A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1996-03-26 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Operation of diesel engines with reduced particulate emission by utilization of platinum group metal fuel additive and pass-through catalytic oxidizer |
US5912190A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1999-06-15 | The Associated Octel Company Limited | Synergistic process for improving combustion |
US6152972A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 2000-11-28 | Blue Planet Technologies Co., L.P. | Gasoline additives for catalytic control of emissions from combustion engines |
US6200358B1 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2001-03-13 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Additive for a fuel to neutralize sulfur dioxide and/or sulfur trioxide in the exhaust gases |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4568357A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1986-02-04 | General Motors Corporation | Diesel fuel comprising cerium and manganese additives for improved trap regenerability |
US5113803A (en) * | 1991-04-01 | 1992-05-19 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Reduction of Nox emissions from gasoline engines |
US6003303A (en) * | 1993-01-11 | 1999-12-21 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Methods for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine |
US6629407B2 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2003-10-07 | Ethyl Corporation | Lean burn emissions system protectant composition and method |
-
2001
- 2001-12-12 CN CNB018205100A patent/CN1279148C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-12-12 AU AU2002227422A patent/AU2002227422A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-12 WO PCT/US2001/048863 patent/WO2002048293A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-12-12 JP JP2002549812A patent/JP2004515640A/en active Pending
- 2001-12-12 CA CA002426722A patent/CA2426722A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-12-12 EP EP01996274A patent/EP1368444A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-12-12 BR BR0116116-4A patent/BR0116116A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5034020A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1991-07-23 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Method for catalyzing fuel for powering internal combustion engines |
US5501714A (en) * | 1988-12-28 | 1996-03-26 | Platinum Plus, Inc. | Operation of diesel engines with reduced particulate emission by utilization of platinum group metal fuel additive and pass-through catalytic oxidizer |
US6152972A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 2000-11-28 | Blue Planet Technologies Co., L.P. | Gasoline additives for catalytic control of emissions from combustion engines |
US5912190A (en) * | 1995-04-24 | 1999-06-15 | The Associated Octel Company Limited | Synergistic process for improving combustion |
US6200358B1 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2001-03-13 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Additive for a fuel to neutralize sulfur dioxide and/or sulfur trioxide in the exhaust gases |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1368444A4 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1403359A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-31 | Infineum International Limited | Combination of a low ash lubricating oil composition and low sulfur fuel |
WO2005021689A1 (en) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-10 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
US7737311B2 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2010-06-15 | Shell Oil Company | Fuel compositions |
US7332001B2 (en) | 2003-10-02 | 2008-02-19 | Afton Chemical Corporation | Method of enhancing the operation of diesel fuel combustion systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2426722A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
AU2002227422A1 (en) | 2002-06-24 |
CN1279148C (en) | 2006-10-11 |
CN1492919A (en) | 2004-04-28 |
JP2004515640A (en) | 2004-05-27 |
EP1368444A4 (en) | 2005-01-19 |
BR0116116A (en) | 2003-12-23 |
EP1368444A1 (en) | 2003-12-10 |
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