WO2002047421A1 - Procede et systeme relatifs au positionnement d'une station mobile - Google Patents

Procede et systeme relatifs au positionnement d'une station mobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002047421A1
WO2002047421A1 PCT/SE2001/002679 SE0102679W WO0247421A1 WO 2002047421 A1 WO2002047421 A1 WO 2002047421A1 SE 0102679 W SE0102679 W SE 0102679W WO 0247421 A1 WO0247421 A1 WO 0247421A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
pda
distance
cells
penalty
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Application number
PCT/SE2001/002679
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English (en)
Inventor
Per Wirdemark
Magnus Sicking
Hans Grubeck
Original Assignee
Cellpoint Systems Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0004474A external-priority patent/SE0004474D0/xx
Application filed by Cellpoint Systems Ab filed Critical Cellpoint Systems Ab
Priority to EP01270073A priority Critical patent/EP1350408A1/fr
Priority to AU2002221221A priority patent/AU2002221221A1/en
Publication of WO2002047421A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002047421A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and system for determining the position of a Mobile Station in a cellular communications network, which comprises a number of cells: a serving cell and a number of neighboring cells, wherein a set of data corresponding to each serving cell and neighboring cells is available.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • FCC Federal Communications Commission
  • EP 0 290 725 is based on the object of keeping the technical expenditure for determining the approximate location of a mobile radio station low in a cellular radio telephone network.
  • an individual base station number contained in a data message of the base station is evaluated by the mobile radio station and, if necessary, embedded into a voice signal to be sent out by the mobile radio station together with the subscriber number as location information.
  • Voice signal and location information are transmitted via the base station and a line to a central evaluating station, which contains an evaluator for the location information, that is to say the base station number and, if necessary, the subscriber number.
  • the base station number specifies that the mobile radio station is located in the radio cell of the relevant base station.
  • a method is disclosed of analyzing lists of neighboring cells in a cellular telecommunications system comprising a plurality of active mobile stations and a static network, the static network having a first cell and a plurality of cells neighboring the first cell, each of the cells having a base station.
  • the method is applicable to GSM and GSM-like systems.
  • the analysing method may comprise the steps of: extracting from the static network the GSM MEAS RES produced by the mobile stations in said first cell and producing a reporting list including, for each position in the GSM BA(SACCH [Slow Associated Control Channel]) list, the number of times that any of the base station identifiers has been reported for that position; extracting from the static network GSM HA DO CMD messages for handovers from said first cell, and producing a handover list of the GSM BCCHs and corresponding GSM BSICs in the extracted handover messages; correlating the reporting list and the handover list with respect to the BCCHs; and analysing the correlated lists to determine whether any of the control channels is affected by bad frequency planning.
  • WO 99/41854 describes a method and system for facilitating the timing (e.g., the known relative timing differences) of base stations (BSs) (BS1, BS2, and BS3) in asynchronous CDMA mobile communications systems.
  • BSs base stations
  • a plurality of mobile stations (MSs) (MSI, MS2, and MS3) measure the relative time differences between various pairs of BSs, and these measurements are stored by the BSs.
  • MSs mobile stations
  • MSI, MS2, and MS3 measure the relative time differences between various pairs of BSs, and these measurements are stored by the BSs.
  • a source BS sends to an MS, in a neighbor list message, estimates of the relative time difference between the source BS and each of the BSs on the neighboring cell list.
  • Each BS on the list can maintain a relative time difference estimate table, which can be updated continuously from the reports received from MSs.
  • the BSs can send entries from this table to the MS in the neighbor list message.
  • the BSs have known relative timing differences. Consequently, when the MS initiates a cell-search for a candidate BS, the MS already has an estimate of the timing of that BS as compared to its source BS. As such, the resulting cell-search procedure has a lower level of complexity and thus can be accomplished much quicker than with prior procedures.
  • the relative time difference estimates can be compared with corresponding time differences that are measured by a second mobile station. Based on this comparison, the propagation delays of signals between the second MS and various BSs can be calculated to determine the position of the second MS.
  • shortened burst signal transmissions to synchronize the transmission of a call over a cellular telephone network.
  • These shortened bursts as well as other traffic channel bursts can be used to locate the position of the cell phone, hi operation, a primary base station sends a traffic channel designation message to a selected mobile phone which then initiates selected traffic channel burst transmissions, such as shortened bursts, over an interval of five seconds or less.
  • the primary station and at least two other neighboring base stations receive these burst transmissions and determine their respective distances from the cell phone based upon the time of arrival of the bursts or some other suitable distance related measurement.
  • a command center determines the locations of the cell phone by triangulating the distance measurements of the base stations.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a positioning method and arrangement, which allows very accurate positioning of a mobile station in a cellular communications network.
  • the initially mentioned method is characterized by: calculating for each cell a cell center and cell size, calculating a Point Distribution Array (PDA) for a number of points in a coordinate system, and based on said PDA and statistical calculation determining the position of said mobile station.
  • the PDA consists of a number of points distributed around said serving cell coordinates where each point rests at a specific distance and direction relative said serving cell.
  • the PDA calculation is carried out by creating a PDA position and populating the PDA with a signal strength data. Both the direction and a specific distance are calculated from an index value with respect to said number of points.
  • the method further comprises the steps of calculating a cost weighting function for a number of points by: Loading an initial PDA, calculating a Cell Location (CL) Penalty Function for each point in the array, calculating an Absent Neighbor (AN) Penalty Function for each point in the array, looking up and loading relevant Timing Advance (TA) Penalty Function, calculating an Absolute Power (AP) Penalty Function for each point in the array, ccalculating a Relative Power (RP) Penalty Function for each point in array, summing up Merged Penalty Function with weighting factors, and returning coordinates of point with lowest penalty.
  • CL Cell Location
  • AN Absent Neighbor
  • TA Timing Advance
  • AP Absolute Power
  • RP Relative Power
  • the positioning uses one or several of PDAs: Time of Arrival (TA) PDA, Cell Center (CC) PDA and Statistical Probability (SP) PDA.
  • TA-PDA is populated with penalty values for TA relations. At least one PDA per TA value and PDA is arranged.
  • Said CC PDA is populated with penalty values for cell centre relations.
  • SP-PDA is populated with a statistical probability summary of the index.
  • the invention also relates to a system for determining a position of a Mobile Station in a cellular communication network comprising a number of cells: a serving cell and a number of neighboring cells, wherein a set of data on each cell and neighboring cells is available.
  • the system comprises a preprocessor, a Point Distribution Array (PDA) processing arrangement, a database and a position engine.
  • PDA Point Distribution Array
  • the system is in communication with a user application arrangement.
  • the preprocessor processes operator input data into an internal database and that in the preprocessor, the Cell Centers and Cell Sizes are calculated, based on which the initial PDAs are generated.
  • the position engine receives position request and delivers position and accuracy estimations.
  • the invention can be implemented as a computer program for determining a position of a Mobile Station in a cellular communications network, which comprises a number of cells: a serving cell and a number of neighboring cells, wherein a set of data on each cell and neighboring cells is available, wherein the computer program comprises: code for calculating for each cell a cell center and cell size based on said available data, code for calculating a Point Distribution Array (PDA) for a number of points in a coordinate system, ands aid code further comprising a procedure, which based on said PDA and a statistical calculation determines the position of said mobile station.
  • PDA Point Distribution Array
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a cellular communications network employing the system according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration a cell structure in a communications network, used for center cell calculations,
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the distribution of points in a Point Distribution Array according to the invention
  • Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the steps of positioning according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows the cumulative distribution of the range error divided by the cell size for four different propagation environments
  • Fig. 6 shows the common curve, i.e. the normalized CER-function.
  • B Cell Id + RxLevel for serving cell BCCH, BSIC + RxLevel for up to6 neighbor cells
  • D Cell Id + TA (WAP standard)
  • Microcell Outdoor cell, with antenna below rooftop, possibly with lower radiated power Normal Cell: Outdoor cell, with antennas above rooftop
  • Umbrella Cell Outdoor cell, with antennas normally mounted on high buildings or towers. Dualband cells in networks that does not enforce "coincidental handovers"
  • Fig.l is a schematic overview of a system 100, according to the invention arranged in communication with a communications network 150
  • the communications network 150 is a cellular network, such as GSM, AMPS, etc., function and structure of which is assumed to be known to a skilled person and not described here in greater detail.
  • the communications network comprises a number of base station antennas 151 connected to controlling arrangement 152, function of which are assumed well known for a skilled person.
  • the system 100 mainly comprises a preprocessor 110, a Point Distribution Array (PDA) processing arrangement 120, a database 130 and a position engine 140.
  • the system is in communication with a user application arrangement 160.
  • PDA Point Distribution Array
  • the preprocessor 110 processes operator input data and stores it in an internal database.
  • the Cell Centers and Cell Sizes are calculated, based on which the initial PDAs are generated.
  • the input data may comprise cell data, frequency plan, and neighbor cell definitions.
  • a PDA consists of a number of points distributed around the serving cell coordinates where each point rests at a specific distance and direction relative the serving cell.
  • the preprocessor can be arranged as an offline system which can run manually each time new network configuration data is received from the operator. However, it is possible to run different parts of the pre-processor individually, for example importing a new frequency plan will not require all PDA's to be rebuilt. It may be set for automatic scheduled operation, which may require a direct connection into the operator's data environment. It may also be run iteratively in an optimization process where its output is visualized by a separate arrangement, which also allows modification of the input data.
  • the position engine 140 receives position request and delivers position and accuracy estimates via a defined API (Application Protocol Interface).
  • the position engine can be arranged as an "online" system, which has high requirements on availability, processing speed and scalability. These aspects are covered by the implementation.
  • WGS 84 is an earth fixed global reference frame, including an earth model. It is defined by a set of primary and secondary parameters: the primary parameters define the shape of an earth ellipsoid, its angular velocity, and the earth mass which is included in the ellipsoid reference, the secondary parameters define a detailed gravity model of the earth.
  • the results from the WGS 84 need to be translated into, for example a Cartesian coordinate system for normal calculations inside the system.
  • a preferred system is Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM).
  • UDM Universal Transverse Mercator
  • the accurate conversion between these two systems can be slightly time consuming, so an approximation can be used. It is however suggested to start with the accurate conversion and later simplify this as a part of code optimization.
  • the UTM grid is most appropriate for scales of 1:250,000 and larger.
  • the simple numbers of the UTM grid make plotting precise locations easier than with the complex degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and longitude. For example, it is possible to readily use the UTM grid while hiking to report the location of an emergency by cellular.
  • the UTM grid has tremendous value for emergency service organizations.
  • UTM coordinates simply measure in meters east and north from two perpendicular reference baselines.
  • a full UTM coordinate value defines a worldwide unique position ("map address").
  • Fig.2 shows a diagram for the cell size calculation.
  • the cell radius is defined as:
  • C ce ⁇ i s i ze is a user defined constant. The value 0.33 is an assumed value.
  • r is a unit vector indicating the direction of the serving cells transmitting antenna
  • d is the distance to the closest cell as described above
  • Cceiicentr e is a user defined constant, and a preferred value is 0.33.
  • the PDA calculations are carried out in two steps: 1. Creating the PDA position,
  • a PDA consists of, for example 4000 points distributed around the serving cell coordinates where each point rests at a specific distance and direction relative the serving cell. Both the direction and distance are calculated from (in this case) the index value 0 — 4000. The distance depends on the PDA class 0 - 4, where the distance d as calculated above gives the PDA class as follows:
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the distribution of points in a PDA according to above calculations:
  • the preprocessor calculates the signal strength PDA for each cell. For this reason following mathematical method is used:
  • the e x and e y are parallel to the earth surface, i.e. they lie in the plane represented by the earth surface, and e z is perpendicular to this plane and represents the height above the surface.
  • the lengths of the vectors are equal to one meter, i.e.
  • 1 [m]. Any location in
  • the desired estimate of the MS location is determined only by its x and y coordinates.
  • the number of cells in the measurement report is N M .
  • a neighboring cell is related to the serving cells, either because its signal strength is high within the service area of the serving cell or because it is closely located to the serving cell.
  • P k AO is the amplifier output power of the cell.
  • G k ⁇ AL is the gain in dB due to the cell specific antenna losses
  • G k ⁇ G is the cell antenna gain in the direction of the estimated mobile location.
  • G k R is the gain due to range and the propagation environment between the MS and the cell
  • G k,R (s 0 ) G k,w - 35 - l °g * -
  • G k L0 is the, so-called, land use offset, which in principal is the path-loss gain at the range of one meter from the antenna and the gain from the MS antenna to the measurement report of the MS, and
  • the path loss formula is intended for far-field measurement, i.e. at large distances from the cell antemia compared to the antenna size.
  • the value of the G k L0 parameter is adjusted to fit the mobile station modules operating in, for example the 900 MHz band.
  • the measured cells of the measurement report are located closely to the positioned Mobile Station (MS).
  • MS Mobile Station
  • the locations of the measured cells yield an indication of the MS location.
  • An assumption can be made that the center of gravity of the cell locations is the most likely location of the MS. Any deviation of the MS location from that center is penalized.
  • predictions can be made of the received power level at arbitrary locations on the earth surface. If the predicted received power level of a neighboring cell is high compared to the received power of the serving cell at a certain MS location, it is likely that the neighboring cell is one of the cells in the measurement report. If it is not part of the measurement report, it is not likely that the location corresponds to the MS location. Hence, such locations are penalized.
  • the penalty function ⁇ AN for estimated MS locations with high, predicted received power from the absent neighboring cells is
  • P is the predicted received power of the serving cell measured in watts
  • the TA is delivered from the serving cell at call setup.
  • the TA value defines a circle around the location of the serving cell, where it is likely that the MS is located. Any deviation of the MS location from that circle is penalized.
  • N TA is the measured TA value, where N TA e ⁇ ,l,...,63 ⁇ .
  • s TA is the radius of the circle defined by the TA value
  • the penalty function ⁇ AP of the deviation of the predicted received power levels from the measured received power levels P k , k l,..., N M , is
  • ⁇ (f 0 ) ⁇ Ci ( 0 ) + ⁇ (f 0 ) + ⁇ r ,(# 0 ) + ⁇ supervise(f 0 ) + ⁇ ⁇ (f 0 ) .
  • the selected MS position s * is the position, which minimizes ⁇ M ⁇ s 0 ) , i.e.
  • the antenna gain can be modeled by using a number of reference antenna diagrams. These could have different lobe widths. The diagrams could be used to interpolate to a diagram with a desired lobe width.
  • the weights of the penalty functions may be tuned during testing. Therefore, these should be handled as constants when possible.
  • the above-mentioned calculations relate to a simple 35 log d calculation plus an antenna masking. It is also possible to include either an Okumura-Hata style model or imported predictions from a real planning system. However, the problem with this is that there are many different suppliers of these systems.
  • Each PDA index can be populated with a value from -128 to +127 where the value is representing information for the geographic point depending on the PDA type.
  • a PDA can be one of the following types:
  • RX-PDA signal strength PDA
  • PDA value signal strength in dBm - 110.
  • the RX-PDA can be populated offline.
  • an LU-PDA (Land Use PDA) can be populated with an index representing the land-use type and an RM-PDA (Road Map PDA) can be populated with an index representing vehicle availability.
  • LU-PDA Land Use PDA
  • RM-PDA Raad Map PDA
  • the pre-processor will populate the PDAs.
  • the position engine will calculate the estimated position and accuracy.
  • the algorithm will depend on the input data over the API. Accuracy is in this implementation a direct relation to the cell size. It can be a best guess approximation. The following method can be used:
  • C accurac y is an array [1..99] of values which is loaded from a file:
  • CER Circular Error Radius
  • CEP circular error probability
  • the CEP is defined in an domain ranging from 1 to 99 in steps of integers, which corresponds to percent levels.
  • the radius of the confidence area r CER is determined by
  • r CER r S ' J PCEP )
  • r s is the "cell size", which defines a radius of a circle, which surrounds most of the traffic in the corresponding cell
  • the cumulative distribution of the range error divided by the cell size is plotted for four different propagation environments in Fig. 5.
  • the rural, suburban and urban environments have similar performance, while the curve for the dense environment is somewhat deviating.
  • a solution is to take the average level for each percent level of the curves corresponding to the urban and the dense environments.
  • the common curve i.e. the normalized CER-function, is shown in Fig. 6.
  • preprocessed cell center coordinates are looked up and the result is presented as X and Y coordinates. Also, the cell size is looked up and returned.
  • the positioning algorithm for Input Data Class B, C and D comprises cost weighting function for a number of points by:
  • TA penalty PDA can be pre-calculated for each PDAClass 440.
  • TA-PDA A TA-PDA is populated with penalty values for TA relations. There will be one PDA per TA value. The penalty equals to the distance from ideal radius, squared and divided with the TA value plus one. Then divided with the weight factor to be represented in correct penalty scale:
  • Fault distance absolute (PDA index * (2 ⁇ PDA class) - Ideal distance)
  • TA penalty Fault distance * Fault distance / (TA value + 1)
  • PDA value TA penalty * (TA weight factor ⁇ 0.0015)
  • a CC-PDA Cell Centre
  • penalty values for cell centre relations are populated with penalty values for cell centre relations.
  • SP-PDA Statistical Probability PDA
  • the configuration of the position engine it is desirable to have as many constants in the algorithms as possible configurable to avoid recompiling the product when optimizing its performance. As a minimum the configuration file should read the weighting factors for each PDA.
  • Tables 1-3 are examples of information received from an operator of the system.
  • Table 1 includes cell information, Table 2 the frequency information and Table 3 the neighbor information.
  • the first column of table 1 comprises the data entered by the network operator, either manually or automatically.
  • Default values are values typical for a cellular network of GSM type.
  • Tables 4-6 are examples of information included in the database of the system.
  • Table 4 includes cell information;
  • Table 5 includes frequency information and
  • Table 6 includes neighbor information.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système permettant de déterminer une station mobile (190) d'un réseau de communication cellulaire (150) comprenant un certain nombre de cellules: une cellule de desserte et un certain nombre de cellules voisines, un ensemble de dates étant disponible sur chaque cellule et les cellules voisines. L'invention est caractérisée par le calcul, pour chaque cellule, d'un centre de cellule et d'une taille de cellule ; le calcul d'un ensemble de distribution de points (PDA) d'un certain nombre de points dans un système de coordonnées, et la détermination de la position d'une station mobile sur la base de ce PDA et du calcul statistique.
PCT/SE2001/002679 2000-12-04 2001-12-04 Procede et systeme relatifs au positionnement d'une station mobile WO2002047421A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01270073A EP1350408A1 (fr) 2000-12-04 2001-12-04 Procede et systeme relatifs au positionnement d'une station mobile
AU2002221221A AU2002221221A1 (en) 2000-12-04 2001-12-04 Method and system relating to positioning of a mobile station

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25111000P 2000-12-04 2000-12-04
SE0004474-3 2000-12-04
SE0004474A SE0004474D0 (sv) 2000-12-04 2000-12-04 Method and system relating to positioning of a mobile station
US60/251,110 2000-12-04

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WO2002047421A1 true WO2002047421A1 (fr) 2002-06-13

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AU (1) AU2002221221A1 (fr)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1527621A1 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2005-05-04 Interdigital Technology Corporation Procede et systeme permettant de determiner la vitesse et la distance d'une unite mobile
EP2009460A1 (fr) * 2007-06-27 2008-12-31 NTT DoCoMo, Inc. Système d'évaluation de position
WO2010114850A1 (fr) * 2009-03-30 2010-10-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Configuration automatique du paramètre de taille de cellule

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994027398A1 (fr) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-24 Everett Dennison Systeme telephonique cellulaire utilisant la position d'une unite mobile pour prendre des decisions de gestion d'appels
EP0785696A2 (fr) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Système de télécommunication mobile et méthode d'établissement d'un circuit de télécommunication
WO1998027773A2 (fr) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 Northern Telecom Limited Procede et dispositif pour systeme de radiotelephone optimises pour une meilleure fiabilite dans la couverture des frontieres d'un cellule

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994027398A1 (fr) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-24 Everett Dennison Systeme telephonique cellulaire utilisant la position d'une unite mobile pour prendre des decisions de gestion d'appels
EP0785696A2 (fr) * 1996-01-22 1997-07-23 Hitachi, Ltd. Système de télécommunication mobile et méthode d'établissement d'un circuit de télécommunication
WO1998027773A2 (fr) * 1996-12-18 1998-06-25 Northern Telecom Limited Procede et dispositif pour systeme de radiotelephone optimises pour une meilleure fiabilite dans la couverture des frontieres d'un cellule

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1527621A1 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2005-05-04 Interdigital Technology Corporation Procede et systeme permettant de determiner la vitesse et la distance d'une unite mobile
EP1527621A4 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2005-11-02 Interdigital Tech Corp Procede et systeme permettant de determiner la vitesse et la distance d'une unite mobile
US7123924B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2006-10-17 Interdigital Technology Corporation Method and system for determining the speed and position of a mobile unit
US7248883B2 (en) 2002-06-28 2007-07-24 Interdigital Technology Corporation Method and system for determining the speed and position of a mobile unit
EP2009460A1 (fr) * 2007-06-27 2008-12-31 NTT DoCoMo, Inc. Système d'évaluation de position
US8121621B2 (en) 2007-06-27 2012-02-21 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Position estimation system
WO2010114850A1 (fr) * 2009-03-30 2010-10-07 Qualcomm Incorporated Configuration automatique du paramètre de taille de cellule
US9042264B2 (en) 2009-03-30 2015-05-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Automatic configuration of the cell size parameter

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AU2002221221A1 (en) 2002-06-18

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