WO2002043253A2 - A radio receiver - Google Patents
A radio receiver Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002043253A2 WO2002043253A2 PCT/GB2001/005103 GB0105103W WO0243253A2 WO 2002043253 A2 WO2002043253 A2 WO 2002043253A2 GB 0105103 W GB0105103 W GB 0105103W WO 0243253 A2 WO0243253 A2 WO 0243253A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gain
- amplifier
- adc
- signal
- saturation
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- YBIDYTOJOXKBLO-USLOAXSXSA-N (4-nitrophenyl)methyl (5r,6s)-6-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3,7-dioxo-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(N11)=O)[C@H](O)C)C(=O)C1C(=O)OCC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 YBIDYTOJOXKBLO-USLOAXSXSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/18—Automatic control for modifying the range of signals the converter can handle, e.g. gain ranging
- H03M1/181—Automatic control for modifying the range of signals the converter can handle, e.g. gain ranging in feedback mode, i.e. by determining the range to be selected from one or more previous digital output values
- H03M1/183—Automatic control for modifying the range of signals the converter can handle, e.g. gain ranging in feedback mode, i.e. by determining the range to be selected from one or more previous digital output values the feedback signal controlling the gain of an amplifier or attenuator preceding the analogue/digital converter
- H03M1/185—Automatic control for modifying the range of signals the converter can handle, e.g. gain ranging in feedback mode, i.e. by determining the range to be selected from one or more previous digital output values the feedback signal controlling the gain of an amplifier or attenuator preceding the analogue/digital converter the determination of the range being based on more than one digital output value, e.g. on a running average, a power estimation or the rate of change
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
- H03G3/30—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices
- H03G3/3052—Automatic control in amplifiers having semiconductor devices in bandpass amplifiers (H.F. or I.F.) or in frequency-changers used in a (super)heterodyne receiver
Definitions
- This invention relates to a radio receiver and in particular, although not exclusively, to a code division multiple access radio receiver.
- CDMA radio receiver 10 A known form of code division multiple access (CDMA) radio receiver 10 is shown in Figure 1.
- the radio receiver 10 includes a controllable gain amplifier 11 interposed between a radio circuit 12 including a downconverter (not shown), and an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) 13.
- the radio circuit 12 receives radio frequency signals from an antenna 14.
- Digital signals are provided by the ADC 13 on an output 15, from which the signals are extracted for processing.
- a power estimator 16 is also connected to the output of the.-- ADC 13.
- the power estimator 16 examines the digital signals, and provides an output signal indicative of the power of the received signal at regular intervals, typically 30,000 times a second or so.
- the power estimator 16 may be implemented in software or in hardware.
- the instantaneous output of the power estimator 16 is not truly indicative of the strength of the signal being received. It is the signal strength which is of interest although, since this is not directly measurable, it is estimated from power estimations.
- a low-pass filter (LPF) 17 downstream of the power estimator 16.
- the LPF 17 may be a relatively simple device, in hardware or in software, which averages the signals provided by the power estimator 16 over time. The average signals are provided on an output 18, from where they are fed to the input of a gain controller 19, which sets the gain setting of the controllable gain amplifier 11.
- the gain of the amplifier 11 is controllable to adopt any of a number of discrete regular steps of 0.5dB from lOdB to 80dB. It is usual to detect the averaged signals at the output, to compare the signals to a threshold level at regular intervals, and to increment or to decrement the gain of the amplifier depending whether the averaged signal is lower than or greater than the threshold respectively.
- the aim is to keep the output of the amplifier 11 at a level at which the ADC 13 can work well.
- a radio receiver comprising: a downconverter; a controllable gain amplifier connected to receive signals from the downconverter, the gain of the amplifier being controllable to adopt any of a plurality of discrete values in a series of steps; an analogue-to-digital converter, arranged to sample signals provided by the amplifier; and a monitor arranged to monitor signals provided by the analogue-to-digital converter and to reduce the gain of the amplifier by at least two of the steps if a predetermined level of saturation of the analogue-to-digital converter is detected.
- a receiver constructed according to this aspect of the invention can offer improved performance, especially in fast fading channel environments.
- the invention does not need a low-pass filter in the path leading to amplifier gain reduction, which eliminates a cause of delay (filters necessarily delay signals).
- the amplifier gain may be reduced by more than a single step for each control interval, which provides advantages since it is possible for the strength of a received signal to rise at a rate greater than can be compensated for by conventional one-step incremental/decremental radio receivers.
- the monitor is arranged to reduce the gain of the amplifier by an amount dependent on the fading characteristics of the channel over which a received signal is transmitted. This allows the construction of an adaptive radio receiver which reduces the amplifier gain by an amount which is appropriate for the channel.
- a radio receiver comprising, in sequence: a downconverter; a controllable gain amplifier an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC); a gain computation device, arranged to provide a gain setting signal on the basis of the sampled signal; and a filter device having a memory, the filter device being arranged to filter the gain setting signal and to provide the filtered signal to a gain setting input of the controllable gain amplifier, representation of the filtered gain setting signal being stored in. the memory; a monitor arranged to monitor signals provided by the ADC and to detect a predetermined level of saturation of the ADC therefrom; and means to reduce the gain setting signal in response to the predetermined level of saturation being detected.
- ADC analogue-to-digital converter
- Figure 1 shows schematically a prior art CDMA radio receiver
- Figure 2 shows schematically a CDMA radio receiver according to a first embodiment of this invention
- Figure 3 shows schematically a CDMA radio receiver according to a second embodiment of this invention.
- FIG 4 shows schematically the low pass filter (LPF) of Figure 3 in detail.
- Figure 2 shows a radio receiver 20. Reference numerals have been retained from Figure 1 for like elements.
- the receiver 20 includes the power estimator 16 and the LPF 17 of Figure 1 for conventional control of the gain of the amplifier 11, i.e. in a single-step incremental/decremental manner.
- the receiver 20 also includes a monitor 21, which is arranged to monitor the signals provided by the ADC 13.
- the ADC 13 may occasionally saturate, i.e. the signal level at its input becomes equal to, or greater than, the maximum level that it can faithfully sample.
- the monitor 21 detects a predetermined level of saturation, from examination of the output of the ADC 13 for a number of digital signals corresponding to the maximum level, it provides a signal pulse on an output 22, which is connected to the gain controller 19. This signal pulse causes the gain of the amplifier 11 to be reduced by 6dB, or twelve steps, instantly, although the reduction may be anywhere between 3dB and 12dB.
- the ADC 13 subsequently receives signals from the amplifier 11, which signals are at a suitable level for analogue-to-digital conversion within the operating range of the ADC 13. Following this gain reduction, gain control is effected by the power estimator 16, the gain controller 19 and the LPF 17 until saturation of the ADC 13 is again detected.
- a detector detects the Doppler frequency of signals received, in a conventional manner, and accordingly determines the size of the drop in amplification which is effected when saturation of the ADC 13 is detected.
- the larger the Doppler shift the faster changing the channel fading characteristics are assumed to be and hence the larger the drop in gain. It is expected that the gain may be dropped by 3dB for very low Doppler shift conditions and by 12dB for very high Doppler shift conditions in a typical radiotelephone receiver.
- the monitor 21 typically examines the output of the ADC and counts the number of samples for which the ADC clips the maximum signal level which the ADC can provide. The count is made for clips in both the positive and negative directions.
- the number of clips are counted over an update period of 10,000 chips, which is the interval between updates of the gain of the amplifier 11, and the number of clips detected is compared to a threshold.
- the threshold is 1,000 chips, or 10% of the number of chips in an update period.
- the threshold selected for a particular implementation depends on particularly the length of the update period and the resolution of the ADC 13.
- the ADC 13 may be designed so as to include its own clip detector, so that it is only clip counting and thresholding which is performed by the monitor 21.
- the monitor 21 maybe called a saturation detector.
- FIG. 3 shows a preferred CDMA radio receiver 30 according to the invention.
- the radio receiver 30 comprises a ADC 13 including a clip counter.
- the power of digitised signals provided by the ADC 13 is estimated by a power estimator 31, and an ideal gain value is computed from the power so estimated by a gain computation device 32 in a known manner.
- Gain computation signals are fed to a gain control input of the amplifier 11 via an LPF 33, which is shown in Figure 4, described below.
- a saturation detector 34 is connected to a clip counter output of the ADC 13, and to a control input of the LPF 33.
- the saturation detector 34 provides a logic "one" signal on its output when saturation of the AGC is determined in the manner described above with reference to Figure 3, and a logic "zero" signal otherwise.
- the LPF 33 is arranged, on receipt of a logic "one" signal from the saturation detector 34, to reduce the gain setting value by at least two steps, by which the gain of the amplifier is immediately reduced.
- the LPF 33 is shown in more detail in Figure 4.
- the LPF 33 comprises a first input 35 which is connected to the output of the gain computation device 32, a second input 36 which is connected to the saturation detector 34, an output 37, first and second adders 38, 39, a controllable switch 40, a gain setting memory device 41 and first to third bit shifting devices 42 to 44.
- a gain setting output of the memory device 41 is connected to its own input via the first and second adders 38, 39.
- the gain setting number is first reduced by subtraction, in the first adder 38, of a fraction of the gain setting number, which fraction is provided by the first bit shifter 42.
- the first bit shifter 42 shifts the binary gain setting number to the right by nl bits, effectively dividing the gain setting number by 2 ni .
- the resulting number is then increased, in the second adder 39, by an amount equal to the gain setting signal provided by the gain computation device 32 divided by 2 ⁇ .
- the resulting number is then passed, via the switch 40, to the input of the AGC setting memory device 41 to set the gain setting number for the next gain setting period.
- the output 37 shows a gain setting number which is equal to that of the input of the gain computation device 32.
- the LPF 33 serves as a low pass filter, averaging its input signals to provide a smoothed output.
- the LPF 33 does not react instantly, since its architecture introduces a delay, as is conventional with low pass filters.
- the extent of the delay and the other main characteristics of the LPF 33 are determined by the value of nl and the length of the gain setting number.
- the controllable switch 40 When a logic "one" signal is received at the second input 36, indicative of an ADC saturation condition, the controllable switch 40 is switched over. In this position, the input of the AGC setting memory device 41 is connected to an output of the third bit shifter 44, which has its input connected to the output of the AGC setting memory device. Accordingly, in this condition, the AGC setting memory device 41 receives at its input a gain setting number which is equal to its output gain setting number divided by 2°-. This effects a dramatic decrease in the gain setting number over a single gain setting period, which results in an immediate decrease in the gain setting of the ' amplifier 11.
- the value of n-2 is chosen, having regard to the length of the gain setting number, to result in the amplifier gain being reduced by an amount in the range 3 dB to 12 dB.
- n2 is dynamically controllable, and is dete ⁇ nined on the basis of a detected Doppler frequency of signals received, as is discussed above in relation to the Figure 2 embodiment.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Control Of Amplification And Gain Control (AREA)
- Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002544859A JP2004523147A (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-11-19 | Wireless receiver |
KR10-2003-7006790A KR20030067687A (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-11-19 | A radio receiver |
US10/432,312 US20060014507A1 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-11-19 | Radio receiver |
AU2002223836A AU2002223836A1 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-11-19 | A radio receiver |
EP01997896A EP1336251A2 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-11-19 | A radio receiver |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0028375.4 | 2000-11-21 | ||
GB0028375A GB2369258B (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2000-11-21 | A radio receiver |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002043253A2 true WO2002043253A2 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
WO2002043253A3 WO2002043253A3 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
Family
ID=9903589
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2001/005103 WO2002043253A2 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2001-11-19 | A radio receiver |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060014507A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1336251A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004523147A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20030067687A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1483245A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002223836A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2369258B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002043253A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006521057A (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2006-09-14 | インターディジタル テクノロジー コーポレイション | Enhanced automatic gain control mechanism for time slot data transmission |
WO2006103626A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Nxp B.V. | Signal strength indicator |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4065138B2 (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2008-03-19 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Method for controlling generation of transmission power control information and mobile terminal device |
CN100385794C (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2008-04-30 | 北京中星微电子有限公司 | A signal processing method and apparatus |
CN1700603B (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2010-04-14 | 北京中星微电子有限公司 | Apparatus and method for digitalizing analog signal |
US8000302B2 (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2011-08-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Adaptive multi-channel modem |
CN1808285B (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2010-07-28 | 上海微电子装备有限公司 | High-precision analog-to-digital converter based on PGA and control method thereof |
JP4211802B2 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2009-01-21 | ソニー株式会社 | OFDM receiver and automatic gain control circuit thereof |
US7656327B2 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2010-02-02 | Qualcomm, Incorporated | Saturation detection for analog-to-digital converter |
KR100796200B1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-01-21 | (주)카이로넷 | Apparatus for transmitting a radio frequency signal |
US7903600B2 (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2011-03-08 | Mediatek Inc. | Control of CDMA signal integration |
JP4627078B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2011-02-09 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | DIGITAL / ANALOG CONVERSION CIRCUIT, DATA DRIVER AND DISPLAY DEVICE |
EP2251985A4 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-02-02 | Panasonic Corp | Amplifier circuit and receiving device using the same |
KR101544429B1 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2015-08-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for automatically controlling gain in portable communication system |
CN102281067A (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-14 | 承景科技股份有限公司 | Error correction system for analog-digital converter |
KR101509498B1 (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2015-04-08 | 삼성탈레스 주식회사 | Two - step alalog digital mixed automatic gain controller and method thereof |
CN103297072B (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2016-07-06 | 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 | Wireless communication receiver and auto gain control method thereof |
US20130309988A1 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-11-21 | Apple Inc. | Apparatus and methods for adjusting adaptive control loop behavior based on measured artifacts |
JP2014045409A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-13 | Sony Corp | Reception device and reception method |
TWI575890B (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-03-21 | 瑞昱半導體股份有限公司 | Communication receiving end and auto gain control method thereof |
CN106612533B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2019-12-17 | 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 | Communication receiving end and automatic gain control method thereof |
JP7089183B2 (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2022-06-22 | アイコム株式会社 | Signal processing equipment and radios |
US11490451B2 (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-11-01 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Techniques for ADC clipping rate based LNA gain value modification |
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US5206647A (en) * | 1991-06-27 | 1993-04-27 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Low cost AGC function for multiple approximation A/D converters |
DE4319376C1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-08-11 | Grundig Emv | Arrangement for the analog/digital conversion of signals having a different signal level |
US5365233A (en) * | 1992-02-04 | 1994-11-15 | Ascom Audiosys Ag | Method for digitizing a band-limited, analog signal, analog-digital processing unit to implement the method, a method for digital filtering and a digital filter for its implementation |
DE19918385A1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2000-11-02 | Siemens Ag | Method and circuit arrangement for regulating the signal level supplied to an analog / digital converter |
Family Cites Families (7)
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US4403348A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1983-09-06 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Single sideband receiver with intersyllabic gain correction limit control |
CA1197320A (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1985-11-26 | Joseph F. Schanne | Adaptive analog-to-digital conversion method and system |
DK163699C (en) * | 1986-02-11 | 1992-08-17 | Poul Richter Joergensen | PROCEDURE FOR AUTOMATIC AMPLIFIER CONTROL OF A SIGNAL AND A CIRCUIT FOR EXERCISING THE PROCEDURE |
US5233634A (en) * | 1989-10-18 | 1993-08-03 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Automatic gain control circuit in a radio telephone receiver |
US5563916A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-10-08 | Hitachi America, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for varying the slew rate of a digital automatic gain control circuit |
US6236863B1 (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2001-05-22 | Oki Telecom, Inc. | Comprehensive transmitter power control system for radio telephones |
JP3024755B2 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 2000-03-21 | 日本電気株式会社 | AGC circuit and control method therefor |
-
2000
- 2000-11-21 GB GB0028375A patent/GB2369258B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-11-19 JP JP2002544859A patent/JP2004523147A/en active Pending
- 2001-11-19 AU AU2002223836A patent/AU2002223836A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-19 EP EP01997896A patent/EP1336251A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-11-19 CN CNA018214681A patent/CN1483245A/en active Pending
- 2001-11-19 KR KR10-2003-7006790A patent/KR20030067687A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-11-19 WO PCT/GB2001/005103 patent/WO2002043253A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2001-11-19 US US10/432,312 patent/US20060014507A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5206647A (en) * | 1991-06-27 | 1993-04-27 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Low cost AGC function for multiple approximation A/D converters |
US5365233A (en) * | 1992-02-04 | 1994-11-15 | Ascom Audiosys Ag | Method for digitizing a band-limited, analog signal, analog-digital processing unit to implement the method, a method for digital filtering and a digital filter for its implementation |
DE4319376C1 (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-08-11 | Grundig Emv | Arrangement for the analog/digital conversion of signals having a different signal level |
DE19918385A1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2000-11-02 | Siemens Ag | Method and circuit arrangement for regulating the signal level supplied to an analog / digital converter |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006521057A (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2006-09-14 | インターディジタル テクノロジー コーポレイション | Enhanced automatic gain control mechanism for time slot data transmission |
JP2008072741A (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2008-03-27 | Interdigital Technol Corp | Enhanced automatic gain control mechanism for timeslotted data transmission |
US7684524B2 (en) | 2003-03-14 | 2010-03-23 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Enhanced automatic gain control mechanism for time-slotted data transmissions |
JP2012186833A (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2012-09-27 | Interdigital Technology Corp | Enhanced automatic gain control mechanism for time-slotted data transmissions |
WO2006103626A1 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-05 | Nxp B.V. | Signal strength indicator |
US7557741B2 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2009-07-07 | Nxp B.V. | Overload detection unit with signal strength indicator to indicate an overload condition |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002043253A3 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
GB0028375D0 (en) | 2001-01-03 |
GB2369258A (en) | 2002-05-22 |
JP2004523147A (en) | 2004-07-29 |
US20060014507A1 (en) | 2006-01-19 |
CN1483245A (en) | 2004-03-17 |
EP1336251A2 (en) | 2003-08-20 |
AU2002223836A1 (en) | 2002-06-03 |
GB2369258B (en) | 2005-06-15 |
KR20030067687A (en) | 2003-08-14 |
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