WO2002042809A1 - Appareil d'eclairage et d'affichage interactif electro-optique a carreaux, son procede de montage et son utilisation - Google Patents

Appareil d'eclairage et d'affichage interactif electro-optique a carreaux, son procede de montage et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002042809A1
WO2002042809A1 PCT/US2001/000838 US0100838W WO0242809A1 WO 2002042809 A1 WO2002042809 A1 WO 2002042809A1 US 0100838 W US0100838 W US 0100838W WO 0242809 A1 WO0242809 A1 WO 0242809A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display
tiles
light
optical
opto
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PCT/US2001/000838
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English (en)
Inventor
Brian C. Lowry
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Transvision, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Transvision, Inc. filed Critical Transvision, Inc.
Priority to AU2001227820A priority Critical patent/AU2001227820A1/en
Publication of WO2002042809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002042809A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/305—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being the ends of optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/13336—Combining plural substrates to produce large-area displays, e.g. tiled displays

Definitions

  • the field of this invention is large screen displays (dynamic video or static) having interactive capabilities.
  • input devices in addition to the traditional keyboard were developed.
  • Such devices include mice, trackballs, light pens, tablets with styli, joysticks, and capacitive, touch-sensitive screens. While such devices are now commonplace and inexpensive for personal computers with relatively small screens, an analogous means of interaction for large screen video displays has not yet been developed. Indeed, given the limitations of most large screen technologies, the need for interaction has not arisen due to the fact that most of these displays are not viewable in a proximity close enough to warrant interactivity with the viewer(s).
  • LSD large screen display
  • LED light emitting diode
  • FED field emission display
  • an interactive LSD can display an advertisement and simultaneously offer downloadable "coupons" (or vouchers) to passersby on their personal digital assistants (PDA's) or cellular (wireless) telephones by employing infrared or wireless communication modes (see United States Patent application 09/570,999).
  • PDA's personal digital assistants
  • cellular (wireless) telephones by employing infrared or wireless communication modes (see United States Patent application 09/570,999).
  • a second example is the use of interactive video displays in sports venues, for instance in a hockey arena along the dasher boards. Such a display could "respond" in real time to the proximity, impact, or relative motion of the players, sticks, or puck to the boards, as well as display advertisements.
  • Another example related to sports is the use of such a rugged interactive display as a basketball backboard. In this example, the interactive capabilities could be used to respond when the basketball hits the backboard, as well as to display advertisements and the score.
  • Another type of application for interactive video displays is the area of interactive gaming, in which participants armed with laser or other light-emitting "weapons" engage in virtual adventures (e.g., combat, exploration, board games, etc.) within a physical area in which the walls, ceiling, and even the floor consist of interactive LSD's, such LSD's operating under the control and management of a computer which, by means of the interactive capabilities of each LSD, "knows" the location and movement of each participant, and adjusts or manages the game parameters and the video content delivered to each LSD accordingly.
  • virtual adventures e.g., combat, exploration, board games, etc.
  • the LSD's in this case are sensitive not only to the proximity and movement of each participant, but also to the discharge of light-emitting "weapons" carried by the participants, generating visual feedback on the displays in response to the nature (e.g., duration, position, or intensity) of the interaction with the game participants.
  • United States Patent 5,455,882 discloses an interactive, thin, optically-based display apparatus which is designed for interaction with a remote control device such as an infrared remote control unit.
  • This display is comprised of laminar waveguides that are driven by one or more lasers, modulated by a video signal, which scan each waveguide.
  • the display is not modular in nature, and the nature of the interactive capabilities is not relevant for large screen applications. Scanning and light detection are done remotely on a separate substrate from the display waveguides.
  • This invention does not describe a software component that controls the visual feedback on the display in response to the nature (e.g., duration, or position) of the interactive initiative.
  • United States Patent 5,127,078 discloses an apparatus for the simultaneous viewing and receiving of images, transferred through a system of interconnected fiber optic faceplates.
  • the sending and receiving fibers are integrated and unnoticeable, and the device is designed to simultaneously display and view images. Because of this, it uses a high density of very tightly packed small diameter fibers. This has several undesirable effects for inexpensive outdoor displays, namely high cost, low contrast, and increased weight.
  • the display is used in a 1 : 1 configuration such that no enlargement is made of the input image.
  • United States Patent 5,953,469 discloses an optical display comprised of a matrix of optical waveguides and mechanical light switches. Like fiber optic displays, this invention possesses intrinsic interactive capabilities. However, because the apparatus is constructed from sandwiched layers of glass (or plastic) and various conductive and dielectric layers, the invention is not well suited to the demands of being placed in direct pedestrian contact, nor is it suited to temperature extremes. Since the light switches are operated electrostatically, the display is susceptible to shock. Also, the efficient operation of the display requires that it be hermetically sealed, indicating that it is not a particularly robust technology. Lastly, the device is driven, most efficiently, from LED's. Because of the manner in which the LED's are coupled to the waveguides, sufficient luminous flux levels for high ambient lighting conditions cannot be currently achieved.
  • the invention is a novel modular electro-optic video display assembled from inexpensive, plastic tiles.
  • the tiles employ either fiber optics or solid plastic lightguides to convey projected images from a plurality of input, or first surfaces, to a display, or second surface, whose area is greater than that of the sum of the first surface areas, such that any image projected on to the first surfaces appears enlarged on the second surface.
  • a light-diffusing thin sheet or film is applied to the front of each tile of the second surface to effectively increase the numerical aperture of each fiber, thus producing a uniform wide-angle distribution of light from each fiber end and enabling viewing from any angle in front of the display.
  • each display tile is populated with supplementary optical circuits (optical fibers or lightguides) which permit the transfer of light and information incident upon the second surface to a plurality of interactive input, or third, surfaces, with the intent of detecting both the proximity and motion (relative to the second surface) of persons or objects relatively close to the second surface, by detecting electromagnetic radiation in the 200 - 1300 nm band, which corresponds to UV, visible, and infrared light.
  • the purpose of this light collection and detection system is to provide a means of interaction with the display, whether personally or through handheld computing devices or cellular ("wireless") telephones.
  • the light detection circuitry at the interactive input surfaces is coupled to the same computer that drives the display, thereby constituting a feedback loop.
  • the display tiles are made from thermoplastic and composite materials, they are durable and able to withstand the abuses of an interactive environment.
  • this invention employs an optically- coupled, computer-controlled sensor array which senses not only position, but also motion (velocity), attack (acceleration), patterns, and timing.
  • the first surfaces are either micro-displays that correspond in an ordered manner with the tiles of the second surface, or one or more projection devices which convey information to the second surface through a plurality of ordered optical fiber bundles or light guides.
  • the third or interactive surfaces are interfaced, through various opto-electrical transducers, to a computer system which changes, manages, and controls the information displayed on the second surface in response to the third surface inputs.
  • Figure 1 depicts an example of a contoured interactive large screen display.
  • Figure 2 shows five views of a specific embodiment of the invention — front (Fig. 2A); side cross-sections at two locations (cut-away) (Fig. 2B, 2C); and rear perspective view (Fig. 2D).
  • Figure 2E illustrates a second embodiment of the invention employing solid plastic light guides at the display surface.
  • Figure 3A is a rear perspective view demonstrating how multiple tiles may be joined to form a display driven by a plurality of micro-displays.
  • Figure 3B is a rear perspective view demonstrating how multiple tiles may be joined to form a display driven from a single data or video projector.
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram identifying the components of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram of the opto-electrical transducer circuit.
  • the invention is a planar or contoured large screen display (1) (LSD) as may be viewed in Figure 1, comprised of a matrix or array of tiles (2).
  • Each display (1) consists of a plurality of (preferably) equal-sized tiles (2) adjoined to each other and to a structural frame (14), in rows and columns, and supported by flexible support rods (16).
  • each tile (2) has its own micro-display (9) and illumination device (11) coupled to the rear of the tile (2) for producing an image on the surface of the tile (2), said image being a partial image of the total displayed image.
  • each tile (2) may be coupled via an ordered imaging bundle of optical fibers (6) to a single data/video projector (31), as may be reviewed in Figure 3B.
  • each display tile (2) is assembled from parts made of injection-molded thermoplastic, typically ABS, polycarbonate, or some other material appropriate to the environmental conditions in which the display (1) will be deployed.
  • the overall LSD (1) is designed to be either planar or contourable, the size of each tile (2) being sufficiently small to allow the radius of curvature required to contour the display (1) in the desired fashion, with smaller tiles (2) allowing a smaller radius (greater curvature).
  • each display tile (2) is comprised of two separate parts: a front piece which constitutes the display surface (3) and a rear cowl (18), which are snapped and cemented together after the fibers (26) are inserted into the front piece.
  • each tile (2) is perforated by a matrix of concave, conical orifices (4) in which the distal fiber optic ends (5) terminate as may be viewed in Figures 2A and 2B.
  • the half-angle of the cone must correspond to the numerical aperture (NA) of the optical fiber (26) used, such that the cone of light emitted from each distal fiber end (5) is not occluded or limited.
  • the fiber optic strands (26) are collected into an ordered square input bundle (6) (or rectangular, if the tile (2) is rectangular) which terminates at the rear of the tile (2) as shown in Figures 2B and 2C.
  • the surface comprised of all the fiber terminations is then polished and optically coated for optimal image coupling.
  • the tile (2) assembly may be filled with expanding foam that serves both to insulate and protect the fiber optic strands (26) enveloped therein.
  • the fiber terminals (5) are located so that they are slightly recessed with respect to the tile surface (3) as illustrated in Figure 2B, and are affixed with optical epoxy (e.g., EpoTek 301).
  • a light-shaping diffusion film preferably a holographic diffusion film (35) with very high optical transmission and low back-scattering, is applied to the front (or display surface) (3) of each tile (2).
  • the diffusion film (35) is affixed in such a manner as to leave between 30 - 70% of the tile surface exposed, as illustrated in Figure 2A.
  • the percentage of exposed tile surface (3) is related to the contrast of the display (1) and is dictated by the lighting conditions in which the display (1) will be used.
  • Displays (1) for indoor use can be depixelized more than displays (1) to be used outdoors.
  • the base material chosen for the tile (2) is preferably black, with a matte or lenticular stippled surface in order to enhance the contrast of the display by absorbing ambient light.
  • a translucent or light-diffusing material may be used for the base material, in this case, black, light-absorbing material may be attached or silk-screened onto the tile surface (3) to achieve the same effect as illustrated in Figure 2A.
  • the pitch or spacing between adjacent distal fiber ends (5) is also determined by the application, so that displays (1) to be used for proximal viewing (e.g., indoors) will have a higher fiber density (smaller pitch) than displays (1) used for viewing at a distance.
  • the display surface (3) is designed with a matrix of orifices (4) spaced 4 mm on center, so that pixel pitches in multiples of 4 mm may be used (e.g., 4 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, etc.).
  • the embodiment described here uses a uniform 8-mm center-to- center pitch on both the vertical and horizontal axes.
  • the distal fiber ends (5) on the perimeter of the tile (2) are situated half of the pixel pitch, or 4 mm, from the tile edge, so that when multiple tiles (2) are joined, the 8-mm fiber pitch is preserved.
  • the optical fiber assembly is partially replaced by a solid transparent thermoplastic (e.g., polycarbonate, or acrylic) array of optical lightguides (27) to which an array of optical fibers (26) is attached, as illustrated in Figure 2E.
  • a solid transparent thermoplastic e.g., polycarbonate, or acrylic
  • These light guides (27) are attached directly to the display tiles (2) and function as both lightguides and lenses, having several advantages over direct termination of the fibers (26) near the display surface (3).
  • the entire lightguide array can be made as a single part and the optical fibers (26) can be held in a fiber carrier (34) which attaches to the lightguide (27) as a single unit, eliminating the time and expense of inserting individual fiber ends (5) into the display tile (2).
  • thermoplastic lightguides (27) can be tapered or molded to any desired shape, thus enhancing the contrast ratio and overall appearance of the display (1). Formation of such tapered ends on optical fibers (26) is a costly process.
  • Each solid lightguide (27) array may have a lens or diffuser (33) formed on each distal end, for the purpose of providing wide-angle viewing of the display (1).
  • These lenses (33) can be formed by molding, embossing, or lithographically etching the material.
  • Each tile (2) is fitted with tabs (7) along each of its four sides as shown in Figure 2A (edge tiles may have only three tabs, and corner tiles only two tabs).
  • the tabs (7) may be molded as appendages to each tile (2), or may be manufactured as separate items and attached to each tile (2) using hardware or adhesive; in either case they must be somewhat flexible to allow for curvature of the display surface (3).
  • Each tile (2) is joined to its four (or two or three in the case of corners or edges) neighboring tiles (2) by means of clips (8) which are inserted around and over adjacent tabs (7).
  • clips (8) which are inserted around and over adjacent tabs (7).
  • several different clip widths can be made which force the adjoining tiles (2) to be disposed at specific angles, although the curvature of the display surface (3) is determined primarily by the tile support and locator rods (16).
  • each tile input surface is a micro-display (9) - a miniature spatial light modulator (SLM), commonly available as a commercial off-the-shelf product, as illustrated in Figure 2B.
  • SLM spatial light modulator
  • Each SLM requires a source of illumination (11), low voltage input power to the illuminator (12), and low voltage electrical signal power (13).
  • a polarizer is generally required between the illumination source (11) and the SLM (9), as well as a diffuser to assure uniform illumination of the SLM.
  • Various options are available for illumination, depending upon the type of SLM used.
  • Ferro-Liquid Crystal Displays are field sequential displays, meaning that red, green, and blue light are sequentially strobed by the display electronics into the SLM. This can be achieved using arrays of high-brightness LED's, which are readily available off-the-shelf.
  • SLM's such as active matrix TFT's (Thin Film Transistors) require collimated white light. This can be achieved with Cold Cathode Fluorescent (CCF) technology, full spectrum LED arrays, arc lamps, etc.
  • CCF Cold Cathode Fluorescent
  • transmissive SLM's with large aperture ratios or highly efficient reflective SLM's are preferable.
  • a refractive microlens array (RMLA) (10) may be used to enhance the optical coupling between the light from the SLM (9) and the optical fiber array (6).
  • the image signal for each SLM is a segment of the input signal to the display electronics.
  • a computer image or other source image is divided by the number of micro-displays (9) compris- ing the display (1).
  • Standard off-the-shelf video wall processors constitute the electronic circuit (22) for segmenting images among the micro-displays (9).
  • the image source and video splitter (22) are preferably disposed in a separate enclosure.
  • a structural frame (14) may be used in non-permanent applications as may be viewed in Figure 3A.
  • Such a frame (14) may be constructed of extruded or tubular aluminum, plastic, or other suitable material.
  • Each display tile (2) is fitted with vertical and horizontal locator passages (15) through which flexible locator rods (16) pass.
  • the locator passages can be formed into the clips (8) that are used to attach adjoining tiles (2) as shown in Figures 2B, 2C, and 2D, and 3A.
  • the locator rods (16) can then be attached to the top, bottom, and two sides of the structural frame (14) as illustrated in Figure 3A.
  • optical input fiber (17) materials are selected based on their optical transmission characteristics in the wavelength region that the interactive display system (1) has been designed to collect. For example, if the visible spectrum is being collected inexpensive plastic optic fiber (PMMA) can be used. Quartz or fused silica fibers may be required for use where ultraviolet or infrared radiation is being detected. Solid acrylic and polycarbonate may also be used.
  • PMMA plastic optic fiber
  • Quartz or fused silica fibers may be required for use where ultraviolet or infrared radiation is being detected.
  • Solid acrylic and polycarbonate may also be used.
  • the density and pattern of optical input fibers (17) on the display surface (3) is a function of the use of the display (1). Imaging applications using a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) will require a high input density, whereas simple light detection requires a low density.
  • CCD Charge-Coupled Device
  • Inexpensive cadmium sulfide (CdS) photoresistors can be coupled to the input to detect the amount of light impinging upon the tile (2).
  • This type of coupling is the least expensive as well as the least sensitive, and does not require that the input fibers (17) are formed into an ordered (imaging) array.
  • imaging an ordered fiber array.
  • transceivers can be directly connected to the serial inputs of a computer or network interface for sending and receiving infrared signals, for the purpose of control or information exchange (e.g., using the IrDA standard).
  • the specific embodiment disclosed utilizes sixteen optical input fibers (17) per 152 mm (6-inch) square tile (2). These are configured in a 4 x 4 array or matrix as shown in Figure 2A. PMMA (acrylic) optical fiber of 1 mm diameter is utilized. Each row of four fibers is coupled to a single monolithic quad-phototransistor IC (32), and four rows of fibers together comprise an interactive input surface coincident with the surface (3) of the display tile (2).
  • each tile (2) has a singular time-varying voltage output signal (20) that corresponds to the integrated light output from the surface of the tile (2).
  • This circuitry is housed in an enclosure (19) that is connected to or integrated with the tile's rear cowl (18).
  • the low voltage outputs (20) from the collective matrix of display tiles (2) are connected to a data acquisition card (23) hosted by the computer (21) that is driving the display (1).
  • This data acquisition card (23) is capable of sampling several hundred analog input lines.
  • "Intelligent" data acquisition cards i.e., cards that are designed with onboard CPU's and RAM for data buffering are preferable since they permit the host computer (21) to drive the display without the additional overhead of analyzing and responding to the input data stream.
  • a software application is executed on the processor built into the intelligent data acquisition card (23). This application samples the analog inputs at the desired frequency.
  • the sampling frequency is determined by the display (1) application. For example, to sense human interaction, a frequency of 4 - 20 Hz would generally be sufficient. In order to detect a hockey puck striking the display (1), per our previous example, we would need to sample at 10 - 100 Hz per channel. This per-channel rate is then multiplied by the number of display tiles (2) to arrive at an aggregate sampling frequency. Sampled data need not be saved; again, it is contingent upon the use of the display (1). If only real-time responses are generated, then data storage is not necessary.
  • the interactive signal information from the tiles (2) can be characterized as follows:
  • Rate - By differentiating the input signal, a measurement of the velocity of an object towards (or away from) the display (1) can be made; and by differentiating the velocity signal the acceleration of an object towards (or away from) the display (1) can be determined. 4. Pattern - The pattern created by the activation/deactivation of specific tiles (2) can be used to determine the size and shape of persons or objects in proximity to the display surface (3).
  • Sequences The sequence in which tiles (2) are activated/deactivated; this information can also be used to determine the velocity and acceleration of the person or object near the display (1).
  • the data acquisition executive software then generates an interrupt to the host computer (21) indicating that some type of event requiring a response has occurred.
  • the host computer (21) then alters or augments the display via a separate software application (25). Typical latencies for this interactive cycle are on the order of 10 to 250 milliseconds.
  • the entire interactive display (1 ) system can be connected to a network (24), (e.g., the public internet) for the purpose of remote or unattended control.
  • Security A combination of infrared, visible light, and imaging sensors to provide personnel access to secure areas. Entrance would be gained by creating "keys" that are activated by touching or occluding ambient light from certain tiles (2) in a certain pattern, with a prescribed timing sequence.
  • Interactive dance floor A dance floor comprised of interactive tiles (2) would respond to the position and movement of dancers. Software on the controlling computer would then change the lighting or imagery. This would be useful for dance instruction.
  • Interactive task-specific lighting Allows control of lighting parameters (color, luminance, etc.) by simply touching different parts of the display (1) or a single tile (2). Since the light source is remote from the display surface (3) there is no heat at the surface. This would be useful in medical and dental offices, operating rooms, machine shops, and the like.
  • An interactive display and illumination system would also be useful for optometrists and opthamologists, by combining lighting and optical testing (e.g., letter and color charts, depth perception, and peripheral and binocular vision tests). The same type of lighting would be useful in behavioral science laboratories and clinics.
  • Another example related to sports is the use of such a rugged interactive display as a basketball backboard.
  • the interactive capabilities could be used to respond when the basketball hits the backboard, as well as to display advertisements and the score.
  • Another type of application for interactive video displays is the area of interactive gaming, in which participants armed with laser or other light-emitting "weapons" engage in virtual adventures (e.g., combat, exploration, board games, etc.) within a physical area in which the walls, ceiling, and even the floor consist of interactive LSD's, such LSD's operating under the control and management of a computer which, by means of the interactive capabilities of each LSD, "knows" the location and movement of each participant, and adjusts or manages the game parameters and the video content delivered to each LSD accordingly.
  • the LSD's in this case are sensitive not only to the proximity and movement of each participant, but also to the discharge of light-emitting
  • weapons carried by the participants, generating visual feedback on the displays in response to the nature (e.g., duration, position, or intensity) of the interaction with the game participants.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un affichage vidéo électro-optique modulaire (1) composé de carreaux (2) peu onéreux en matériaux composites thermoplastiques qui, par conséquent, sont des biens durables et aptes à résister aux aléas d'un environnement interactif. Ces carreaux (2) comportent une pluralité soit de fibres optiques thermoplastiques (26), soit de guides optiques en plastique dur, pour transmettre des images projetées d'une première surface, ou surface de projection, à une seconde surface, ou surface d'affichage, sur laquelle les images sont agrandies. Les premières surfaces sont soit des micro-affichages (9), qui correspondent de manière ordonnée aux carreaux modulaires (2) de la seconde surface, soit un ou plusieurs dispositifs de projection, qui transmettent l'information à la seconde surface au moyen d'une pluralité de faisceaux de fibres optiques ordonnés (26) ou de guides optiques. En plus de ces fibres d'imagerie ou de ces guides optiques, chaque carreau modulaire comportant la seconde surface (affichage) est pourvu de fibres optiques ou de guides optiques supplémentaires, qui détectent l'énergie électromagnétique.
PCT/US2001/000838 2000-11-22 2001-01-11 Appareil d'eclairage et d'affichage interactif electro-optique a carreaux, son procede de montage et son utilisation WO2002042809A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001227820A AU2001227820A1 (en) 2000-11-22 2001-01-11 Tiled electro-optic interactive display and illumination apparatus and method for its assembly and use

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US71874400A 2000-11-22 2000-11-22
US09/718,744 2000-11-22

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Cited By (7)

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EP1738104A2 (fr) * 2004-03-11 2007-01-03 Element Labs, Inc. Systeme de creation d'un mur tendu compose de carreaux a del individuels
CN1306314C (zh) * 2002-07-22 2007-03-21 范文钦 积木式光纤显像屏
GB2441353A (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-05 Aardvark Engineering Consultan A display device
US8253338B2 (en) 2008-01-23 2012-08-28 Richard D. Ashoff Programmable, progressive, directing lighting systems: apparatus and method
WO2013132087A1 (fr) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Digital Art International Dispositif pour la diffusion en surface d'images lumineuses à l'échelle du corps humain
WO2015038399A1 (fr) * 2013-09-11 2015-03-19 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Réseau de fibres optiques pour atteindre une vision hors axe à couleur constante

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US8403553B2 (en) 2003-03-31 2013-03-26 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Method for the production of an illumination device and illumination device
CN100338487C (zh) * 2003-03-31 2007-09-19 奥斯兰姆奥普托半导体股份有限两合公司 制造照明装置的方法以及该照明装置
EP1847859A2 (fr) * 2003-03-31 2007-10-24 Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif d'éclairage et dispositif d'éclairage
EP1847859A3 (fr) * 2003-03-31 2007-12-26 Osram Opto Semiconductors GmbH Procédé pour la production d'un dispositif d'éclairage et dispositif d'éclairage
WO2004088372A1 (fr) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-14 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Procede de fabrication d'un dispositif d'eclairage et dispositif d'eclairage
EP1738104A2 (fr) * 2004-03-11 2007-01-03 Element Labs, Inc. Systeme de creation d'un mur tendu compose de carreaux a del individuels
EP1738104A4 (fr) * 2004-03-11 2010-06-02 Element Labs Inc Systeme de creation d'un mur tendu compose de carreaux a del individuels
GB2441353A (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-05 Aardvark Engineering Consultan A display device
US8253338B2 (en) 2008-01-23 2012-08-28 Richard D. Ashoff Programmable, progressive, directing lighting systems: apparatus and method
WO2013132087A1 (fr) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Digital Art International Dispositif pour la diffusion en surface d'images lumineuses à l'échelle du corps humain
WO2015038399A1 (fr) * 2013-09-11 2015-03-19 Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. Réseau de fibres optiques pour atteindre une vision hors axe à couleur constante
CN105579875A (zh) * 2013-09-11 2016-05-11 高通Mems科技公司 用于达成不变的色彩偏轴视野的光纤阵列
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