WO2002042414A3 - Amino acid conjugates providing for sustained systemic concentrations of gaba analogues - Google Patents

Amino acid conjugates providing for sustained systemic concentrations of gaba analogues Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002042414A3
WO2002042414A3 PCT/US2001/043120 US0143120W WO0242414A3 WO 2002042414 A3 WO2002042414 A3 WO 2002042414A3 US 0143120 W US0143120 W US 0143120W WO 0242414 A3 WO0242414 A3 WO 0242414A3
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
amino acid
systemic concentrations
acid conjugates
sustained systemic
gaba analogues
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/043120
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002042414A2 (en
Inventor
Mark A Gallop
Kenneth C Cundy
Randall A Sheuerman
Ronald W Barrett
Original Assignee
Xenoport Inc
Mark A Gallop
Kenneth C Cundy
Randall A Sheuerman
Ronald W Barrett
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xenoport Inc, Mark A Gallop, Kenneth C Cundy, Randall A Sheuerman, Ronald W Barrett filed Critical Xenoport Inc
Priority to AU2002239257A priority Critical patent/AU2002239257A1/en
Publication of WO2002042414A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002042414A2/en
Publication of WO2002042414A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002042414A3/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
    • A61K47/554—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound the modifying agent being a steroid plant sterol, glycyrrhetic acid, enoxolone or bile acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
    • A61K47/65—Peptidic linkers, binders or spacers, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
    • C07C237/12—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to an acyclic carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
    • C07C237/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C237/20—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C317/00—Sulfones; Sulfoxides
    • C07C317/44—Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C317/48—Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C317/50—Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups at least one of the nitrogen atoms being part of any of the groups, X being a hetero atom, Y being any atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
    • C07C323/50—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/51—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/57—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C323/58—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups with amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/59—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups with amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton with acylated amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
    • C07C323/50—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/51—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C323/60—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton with the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxyl groups bound to nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
    • C07K5/0205—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing the structure -NH-(X)3-C(=0)-, e.g. statine or derivatives thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/566—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor using specific carrier or receptor proteins as ligand binding reagents where possible specific carrier or receptor proteins are classified with their target compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

This invention is directed to compounds (see Figure 1) that provide for sustained systemic concentrations of GABA analogs following administration to animals. This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions including and methods using such compounds.
PCT/US2001/043120 2000-11-17 2001-11-19 Amino acid conjugates providing for sustained systemic concentrations of gaba analogues WO2002042414A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002239257A AU2002239257A1 (en) 2000-11-17 2001-11-19 Amino acid conjugates providing for sustained systemic concentrations of gaba analogues

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24980400P 2000-11-17 2000-11-17
US60/249,804 2000-11-17
US29773201P 2001-06-11 2001-06-11
US60/297,732 2001-06-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002042414A2 WO2002042414A2 (en) 2002-05-30
WO2002042414A3 true WO2002042414A3 (en) 2003-04-10

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PCT/US2001/043120 WO2002042414A2 (en) 2000-11-17 2001-11-19 Amino acid conjugates providing for sustained systemic concentrations of gaba analogues

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AU (1) AU2002239257A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002042414A2 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6818787B2 (en) 2001-06-11 2004-11-16 Xenoport, Inc. Prodrugs of GABA analogs, compositions and uses thereof
US7700652B2 (en) 2003-09-11 2010-04-20 Xenoport, Inc. Treating urinary incontinence using prodrugs of GABA analogs
US7790708B2 (en) 2001-06-11 2010-09-07 Xenoport, Inc. Prodrugs of GABA analogs, compositions and uses thereof
US8048917B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2011-11-01 Xenoport, Inc. Prodrugs of GABA analogs, compositions and uses thereof

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2085087A1 (en) * 2001-06-11 2009-08-05 Xenoport, Inc. Prodrugs of gaba analogs, compositions and uses thereof
AU2002345638A1 (en) 2001-06-11 2002-12-23 Xenoport, Inc. Amino acid conjugates providing for sustained systemic concentrations of gaba analogues
ES2341240T3 (en) 2002-12-13 2010-06-17 Warner-Lambert Company Llc BINDING ALFA-2-DELTA TO TREAT SYMPTOMS OF LOWER URINARY TRACT.
CA2451267A1 (en) 2002-12-13 2004-06-13 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Pharmaceutical uses for alpha2delta ligands
EP1663398B1 (en) 2003-09-12 2009-11-25 Pfizer Limited Combinations comprising alpha-2-delta ligands and serotonin / noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors
CN1871021B (en) 2003-09-17 2010-07-28 什诺波特有限公司 Treating or preventing restless legs syndrome using prodrugs of GABA analogs
US8026279B2 (en) 2003-10-14 2011-09-27 Xenoport, Inc. Crystalline form of γ-aminobutyric acid analog
RU2440112C2 (en) 2004-11-04 2012-01-20 Ксенопорт, Инк. Delayed-release oral dosage form of gabapentin
DK2125021T3 (en) 2006-12-22 2011-09-19 Recordati Ireland Ltd Combination therapy of lower urinary tract diseases with alpha2 delta ligands and NSAIDs
US8828665B2 (en) 2007-02-16 2014-09-09 Ark Diagnostics, Inc. Compounds and methods for use in detecting gabapentin
WO2010048423A1 (en) 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Ark Diagnostics, Inc. Levetiracetam immunoassays
WO2012050907A2 (en) 2010-09-28 2012-04-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Gaba agonists in the treatment of disorders associated with metabolic syndrome and gaba combinations in treatment or prophylaxis of type i diabetes
US9970929B2 (en) 2013-01-18 2018-05-15 Ark Diagnostics, Inc. Voriconazole immunoassays
EP2956444B1 (en) 2013-02-13 2018-05-30 ARK Diagnostics, Inc. Posaconazole immunoassays

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4508728A (en) * 1984-05-24 1985-04-02 Kineshiro Nagai Method of treating inflammatory diseases
US4908353A (en) * 1987-10-16 1990-03-13 Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Novel dipeptide useful as a plant growth regulator
US5094848A (en) * 1989-06-30 1992-03-10 Neorx Corporation Cleavable diphosphate and amidated diphosphate linkers
US5110797A (en) * 1985-10-14 1992-05-05 Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Peptide compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
US6051683A (en) * 1995-03-02 2000-04-18 Immunotech Developments Inc. Immune regulating peptides and method of obtaining them

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4508728A (en) * 1984-05-24 1985-04-02 Kineshiro Nagai Method of treating inflammatory diseases
US5110797A (en) * 1985-10-14 1992-05-05 Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Peptide compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
US4908353A (en) * 1987-10-16 1990-03-13 Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Novel dipeptide useful as a plant growth regulator
US5094848A (en) * 1989-06-30 1992-03-10 Neorx Corporation Cleavable diphosphate and amidated diphosphate linkers
US6051683A (en) * 1995-03-02 2000-04-18 Immunotech Developments Inc. Immune regulating peptides and method of obtaining them

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6818787B2 (en) 2001-06-11 2004-11-16 Xenoport, Inc. Prodrugs of GABA analogs, compositions and uses thereof
US7790708B2 (en) 2001-06-11 2010-09-07 Xenoport, Inc. Prodrugs of GABA analogs, compositions and uses thereof
US9238616B2 (en) 2001-06-11 2016-01-19 Xenoport, Inc. Prodrugs of gaba analogs, compositions and uses thereof
US7700652B2 (en) 2003-09-11 2010-04-20 Xenoport, Inc. Treating urinary incontinence using prodrugs of GABA analogs
US8048917B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2011-11-01 Xenoport, Inc. Prodrugs of GABA analogs, compositions and uses thereof

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AU2002239257A1 (en) 2002-06-03

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