WO2002042313A2 - Process for the preparation of an aluminium alkyl growth product and its use in the oligomerisation of olefins - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of an aluminium alkyl growth product and its use in the oligomerisation of olefins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002042313A2 WO2002042313A2 PCT/US2001/044248 US0144248W WO0242313A2 WO 2002042313 A2 WO2002042313 A2 WO 2002042313A2 US 0144248 W US0144248 W US 0144248W WO 0242313 A2 WO0242313 A2 WO 0242313A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- aluminum
- pentafluorophenyl
- chain growth
- hydrocarbyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title description 17
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 most preferably Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylalumane Chemical compound CCCC[Al](CCCC)CCCC SQBBHCOIQXKPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000743 hydrocarbylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexylalumane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Al](CCCCCC)CCCCCC ORYGRKHDLWYTKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylalumane Chemical compound CCC[Al](CCC)CCC CNWZYDSEVLFSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylalumane Chemical compound CC[AlH]CC HJXBDPDUCXORKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 24
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 22
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 21
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-O dimethyl(phenyl)azanium Chemical compound C[NH+](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JLTDJTHDQAWBAV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(ii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cr]Cl XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021554 Chromium(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBFYUZGYRGXSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazolide Chemical compound C1=C[N-]C=N1 JBFYUZGYRGXSFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- SCABQASLNUQUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silylium Chemical compound [SiH3+] SCABQASLNUQUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ANEFWEBMQHRDLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) borate Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1OB(OC=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ANEFWEBMQHRDLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyloxaluminane Chemical compound C[Al]1CCCCO1 AQZWEFBJYQSQEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940077464 ammonium ion Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BOXSCYUXSBYGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(3+) Chemical compound [Fe+3].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 BOXSCYUXSBYGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- KCMTVIZYKDBFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecyl-n-methylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC KCMTVIZYKDBFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VFLWKHBYVIUAMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-octadecyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC VFLWKHBYVIUAMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUFYUMSBZMUWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-tetradecyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC KUFYUMSBZMUWAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- POHPFVPVRKJHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)alumane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F POHPFVPVRKJHCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OXLSQEBSVIGFPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)aluminane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al]1C(C=2C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=2F)F)(C=2C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=2F)F)CCCC1 OXLSQEBSVIGFPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUFSJAPUPSKQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trimethyl-n,n-dioctadecylaniline Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C SUFSJAPUPSKQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMXLXQGHBSPIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylpropyl)oxaluminane Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]1CCCCO1 NMXLXQGHBSPIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIWIYCUBSVLHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-heptadecyl-1H-imidazole tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=1NC=CN1.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F WIWIYCUBSVLHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPDGFTQFZFPTAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-di(heptadecyl)-1H-imidazole tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=1N=CNC1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F LPDGFTQFZFPTAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBLAKNRDFHFPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-di(heptadecyl)-1h-imidazole;tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)alumane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=1N=CNC=1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC UBLAKNRDFHFPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVMXZDYAGJNUHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-di(heptadecyl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole;tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1NC=NC1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NVMXZDYAGJNUHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMJNOGYDELWMCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-di(undecyl)-1H-imidazole tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCC)C=1N=CNC1CCCCCCCCCCC.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F IMJNOGYDELWMCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLKJUVUPWZVQJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-di(undecyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)alumane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1NC=NC1CCCCCCCCCCC.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F GLKJUVUPWZVQJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLLSFRXUQJKHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-di(undecyl)-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole;tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1NC=NC1CCCCCCCCCCC.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F DLLSFRXUQJKHBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNYMYAMOJLOKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dimethyl-1h-benzimidazole;tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)alumane Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(C)=CC2=C1NC=N2.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F NNYMYAMOJLOKMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUXQITIXMRGYQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dimethyl-1h-benzimidazole;tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(C)=CC2=C1NC=N2.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F TUXQITIXMRGYQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000897 Babbitt (metal) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RKYBWUNRSUYSGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC2=C(N=CN2)C=C1CCCCCCCCCCC.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC2=C(N=CN2)C=C1CCCCCCCCCCC.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F RKYBWUNRSUYSGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZVCLWMMXROEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC2=C(N=CN2)C=C1CCCCCCCCCCC.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[Al](C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[Al](C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC2=C(N=CN2)C=C1CCCCCCCCCCC.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[Al](C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[Al](C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F GZVCLWMMXROEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODWQJTAVWQOFGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=1NCCN1.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=1NCCN1.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F.FC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1B(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F)F ODWQJTAVWQOFGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CC*(*(C)*1)*(C)(*)*(C)*1I Chemical compound CC*(*(C)*1)*(C)(*)*(C)*1I 0.000 description 1
- VQSJPZNVOGMWDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCCCCCCC)N=CN1.FC(C(F)=C(C([Al](C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)=C1F)F)=C1F.FC(C(F)=C(C([Al](C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)=C1F)F)=C1F Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCCCCCCC)N=CN1.FC(C(F)=C(C([Al](C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)=C1F)F)=C1F.FC(C(F)=C(C([Al](C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)=C1F)F)=C1F VQSJPZNVOGMWDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPNXHVRSEMKUBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1.FC(C(F)=C(C([Al](C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)=C1F)F)=C1F.FC(C(F)=C(C([Al](C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)=C1F)F)=C1F Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1.FC(C(F)=C(C([Al](C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)=C1F)F)=C1F.FC(C(F)=C(C([Al](C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)C(C(F)=C(C(F)=C1F)F)=C1F)=C1F)F)=C1F IPNXHVRSEMKUBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUMQIFVANIGJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)c1c(C)cc(C)cc1C Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)c1c(C)cc(C)cc1C QUMQIFVANIGJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLTWGRFNJPLFDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzimidazolide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[N-]C=NC2=C1 KLTWGRFNJPLFDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005517 carbenium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005626 carbonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004132 diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethyl(phenyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[NH+](CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGSUCNLOZRCGPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NAPSCFZYZVSQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimantine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C NAPSCFZYZVSQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical class [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021482 group 13 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007928 imidazolide derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical class C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyllithium Chemical compound C[Li] DVSDBMFJEQPWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZBZLRKFJWQZHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,2,4,6-pentamethylaniline Chemical compound CN(C)C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C JZBZLRKFJWQZHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRLHDBRENZFCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-di(butan-2-yl)butan-2-amine Chemical compound CCC(C)N(C(C)CC)C(C)CC SRLHDBRENZFCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C NHLUVTZJQOJKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFBHPFQSSDCYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C)C SFBHPFQSSDCYSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanyl Chemical group [PH2] FVZVCSNXTFCBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004819 silanols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000045 transition metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXKQHHJKHZXXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilanylium Chemical compound CC[Si+](CC)CC CXKQHHJKHZXXPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOYMPSZBODLRKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilanylium Chemical compound C[Si+](C)C VOYMPSZBODLRKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDMNAVSJDAXTBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)alumane 2-undecyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCCN1.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ZDMNAVSJDAXTBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEPDENOFSCCDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)alumane;2-undecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1[Al](C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F QEPDENOFSCCDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVBHDPLKAHDQDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borane;2-undecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F NVBHDPLKAHDQDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDYARPNTSPYOED-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)borane;2-undecyl-4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC1=NCCN1.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F.FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F MDYARPNTSPYOED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLFPYUPGPBITMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritylium Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1[C+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 OLFPYUPGPBITMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002348 vinylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/061—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage
- C07F5/062—Al linked exclusively to C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
- C07C2/86—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation between a hydrocarbon and a non-hydrocarbon
- C07C2/88—Growth and elimination reactions
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to the preparation of aluminum alkyls by the chain growth reaction of a lower olefm, especially ethylene, with a lower molecular weight alkyl aluminum and more specifically to an improved chain growth process catalyzed by derivatives of certain metal complexes.
- Stepwise ethylene chain growth on aluminum alkyls was discovered in the 1950's by K. Ziegler et al.
- the reaction proceeds thermally at temperatures in the range of 100° to 200°C under high ethylene pressure, typically 2000 to 4000 psi (14 to 28 MPa).
- a displacement reaction or cracking step competes with chain growth, producing ⁇ -olefins and regenerating aluminum alkyl compounds.
- the process may be advanced by catalysts, both for the step-wise growth of the aluminum alkyl and the catalyzed displacement of ⁇ -olefins therefrom.
- Ziegler-Natta catalysts such as those discovered by Kaminsky et al. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1976, Vol. 15, pages 630 to 632) may be used to catalyze the growth process. This process is thought to involve active transition metal catalysts which rapidly insert olefins to the aluminum alkyl chains. Chain growth is terminated in the displacement or cracking step, principally by ⁇ -hydrogen or ⁇ -alkyl elimination to give a vinylic end group or by hydrogenolysis to give a paraffinic end group, thereby regenerating a catalytically active transition metal hydride or alkyl and an aluminum hydride or alkyl.
- an aluminum hydride If an aluminum hydride is formed it may be regenerated by reaction with the same or a different olefin, and reused in the oligomerization. 1-butene is especially desired for this application. See. Developments in ⁇ -olefm Production Technology, Chem. Systems Inc., Jan. 1999. The manufacture of ⁇ -olefins using the foregoing step addition to aluminum alkyls is commercially practiced in large volume.
- Shulz-Flory distribution describes a product that contains the greatest molar amount of the smallest oligomers and includes a broader range of products, but lower quantities of any individual oligomer.
- the formation of low molecular weight polyethylenes (paraffins) or branched by-products by the foregoing processes is also undesired.
- ⁇ -olefin products of the foregoing process are useful industrial chemicals employed to prepare plastics, including high molecular weight polyethylene, or solvents such as linear, primary alcohols.
- an improved process for the preparation of an aluminum alkyl chain growth product by the chain growth reaction of an ⁇ - olefin on an aluminum alkyl, optionally followed by displacement and recovery of the oligomeric alpha-olefm from the aluminum alkyl chain growth product comprising catalyzing the chain growth reaction with a catalyst composition comprising a Group 6 metal trisazacycloalkane complex and an activating cocatalyst.
- ⁇ -olefins suitable for chain growth herein include, but are not limited, to C 2 to C 6 straight chain ⁇ -olefms, with ethylene being the preferred olefin.
- Suitable Group 6 metal triazocycloalkanes for use as the catalyst component of the present invention correspond to the following formula:
- M is a Group 6 metal, especially chromium
- R 1 independently in each occurrence is a C ⁇ profession 20 hydrocarbylene group, especially ethylene
- R 2 independently in each occurrence is an anionic ligand of up to 20 atoms not counting hydrogen, preferably a C ⁇ o hydrocarbyl group, most preferably, methyl;
- X is an anionic ligand of up to 20 atoms not counting hydrogen, preferably hydride, halide, or a hydrocarbyl-, silyl-, hydrocarbyloxy- or siloxy- group of up to 10 atoms; most preferably chloride or methyl.
- Preferred Group 6 metal triazocycloalkane compounds are l,4,7-trimethyl-l,4,7- triazacyclononane chromium dichloride and l,4,7-trimethyl-l,4,7-triazacyclononane chromium dimethyl.
- Suitable aluminum alkyl compounds for use herein include trialkyl aluminums, dialkyl aluminum hydrides, dialkyl aluminum halides, and mixtures thereof, containing from 2 to 20 carbons in each alkyl group.
- Specific non-limiting examples of suitable aluminum alkyl compounds include triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, tri-n- hexylaluminum, and diethylaluminurn hydride.
- a preferred aluminum alkyl compound is triethylaluminum (TEA) or tri-n-butylaluminum (TNBA).
- the foregoing Group 6 metal complexes are activated to form the actual catalyst composition by combination with a cocatalyst, preferably an aluminoxane, a cation forming cocatalyst, or a combination thereof.
- a cocatalyst preferably an aluminoxane, a cation forming cocatalyst, or a combination thereof.
- Additional additives such as a chain transfer agent, for example, hydrogen, used to control chain length, may be present in the reaction as well.
- the lengths of the product alkyl chains and thus the resulting olef ⁇ n products essentially follow the Poisson statistical distribution, and the process is characterized by low temperatures and pressures. Moreover, low molecular weight polyethylene coproducts are virtually eliminated.
- Suitable alumoxanes for use herein include polymeric or oligomeric alumoxanes, especially methylalumoxane, triisobutyl aluminum modified methylalumoxane, or isobutylalumoxane; neutral Lewis acid modified polymeric or oligomeric alumoxanes, such as the foregoing alkylalumoxanes modified by addition of a C ⁇ _ 30 hydrocarbyl substituted Group 13 compound, especially a tri(hydrocarbyl)aluminum- or tri(hydrocarbyl)boron compound, or a halogenated (including perhalogenated) derivative thereof, having from 1 to 10 carbons in each hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl group, more especially a perfluorinated tri(aryl)boron compound or a perfluorinated tri(aryl)aluminum compound.
- the Group 6 metal complexes may also be rendered catalytically active by combination with a cation forming cocatalyst, such as those previously known in the art for use with Group 4 metal olefin polymerization complexes.
- Suitable cation forming cocatalysts for use herein include neutral Lewis acids, such as C ⁇ _ 30 hydrocarbyl substituted Group 13 compounds, especially tri(hydrocarbyl)aluminum- or tri(hydrocarbyl)boron compounds and halogenated (including perhalogenated) derivatives thereof, having from 1 to 10 carbons in each hydrocarbyl or halogenated hydrocarbyl group, more especially perfluorinated tri(aryl)boron compounds, and most especially tris(pentafluoro-phenyl)borane; nonpolymeric, compatible, noncoordinating, ion forming compounds (including the use of such compounds under oxidizing conditions), especially the use of ammonium-, phosphonium-, oxonium-,
- Examples of cation forming cocatalysts include compounds comprising a cation that is a Br ⁇ nsted acid capable of donating a proton, and a compatible, noncoordinating anion, A".
- noncoordinating means an anion or substance which either does not coordinate to the metal complex or the catalytic derivative derived therefrom, or which is only weakly coordinated to such complexes thereby remaining sufficiently labile to be displaced by a neutral Lewis base.
- a noncoordinating anion specifically refers to an anion which when functioning as a charge balancing anion in a cationic metal complex does not transfer an anionic substituent or fragment thereof to said cation thereby forming neutral complexes.
- “Compatible anions” are anions which are not degraded to neutrality in operation and are noninterfering with desired subsequent oligomerization process.
- Preferred anions are those containing a single coordination complex comprising a charge-bearing metal or metalloid core which anion is capable of balancing the charge of the active catalyst species (the metal cation) which may be formed when the two components are combined. Also, said anion should be sufficiently labile to be displaced by olefinic, diolefmic and acetylenically unsaturated compounds or other neutral Lewis bases such as ethers or nitriles.
- Suitable metals include, but are not limited to, aluminum, gold and platinum.
- Suitable metalloids include, but are not limited to, boron, phosphorus, and silicon.
- cocatalysts may be represented by the following general formula: (L*-H) d + (A) d ", wherein:
- L* is a neutral Lewis base
- (L*-H) + is a conjugate Br ⁇ nsted acid of L*
- a d " is a noncoordinating, compatible anion having a charge of d-, and d is an integer from 1 to 3. More preferably, A d" corresponds to the formula: [M'Q 4 ] "; wherein:
- M' is boron or aluminum in the +3 formal oxidation state; and Q independently each occurrence is selected from hydride, dialkylamido, halide, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxide, halo-substituted hydrocarbyl, halo-substituted hydrocarbyloxy, and halo- substituted silylhydrocarbyl radicals (including perhalogenated hydrocarbyl- perhalogenated hydrocarbyloxy- and perhalogenated silylhydrocarbyl radicals), said Q having up to 20 carbons with the proviso that in not more than one occurrence is Q halide.
- suitable hydrocarbyloxide Q groups are disclosed in US-A-5,296,433.
- d is one, that is, the counter ion has a single negative charge and is A " .
- Activating cocatalysts comprising boron which are particularly useful in the preparation of catalysts of this invention may be represented by the following general formula:
- L* is as previously defined; B is boron in a formal oxidation state of 3; and Q is a hydrocarbyl-, hydrocarbyloxy-, fluorohydrocarbyl-, fluorohydrocarbyl-oxy-, hydroxyfluorohydrocarbyl-, dihydrocarbylaluminumoxyfluorohydrocarbyl-, or fluorinated silylhydrocarbyl- group of up to 20 nonhydrogen atoms, with the proviso that in not more than one occasion is Q hydrocarbyl.
- Preferred Lewis base salts are ammonium salts, more preferably trialkylammonium salts containing one or more C 1 . 0 alkyl groups.
- Q is each occurrence a fluorinated aryl group, especially, a pentafluorophenyl group.
- boron containing cation forming cocatalysts are tri-substituted ammonium salts such as: trimethylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, triethylarnmonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, tripropylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, tri(n-butyl)ammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, tri(sec-butyl)ammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate,
- N,N-dimethyl-2,4,6-trimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate dimethyltetradecylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, dimethylhexadecylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, dimethyloctadecylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate, methylditetradecylammonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate,
- Another suitable ion forming, activating cocatalyst comprises a salt of a cationic oxidizing agent and a noncoordinating, compatible anion represented by the formula:
- Ox e+ is a cationic oxidizing agent having a charge of e+; e is an integer from 1 to 3; and A " and d are as previously defined.
- Examples of cationic oxidizing agents include: ferrocenium, hydrocarbyl-substituted ferrocenium, Ag + ' or Pb +2 .
- Preferred embodiments of A d" are those anions previously defined with respect to the Bronsted acid containing activating cocatalysts, especially tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate.
- activating cocatalysts for addition polymerization catalysts is known in the art, having been disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,321,106.
- Another suitable ion forming, activating cocatalyst comprises a compound which is a salt of a carbenium ion and a noncoordinating, compatible anion represented by the formula: ⁇ + wherein:
- ⁇ + is a C ⁇ _ 20 carbenium ion
- a " is as previously defined.
- a preferred carbenium ion is the trityl cation, that is triphenylmethylium.
- the use of the above carbenium salts as activating cocatalysts for addition polymerization catalysts is known in the art, having been disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,350,723.
- a further suitable ion forming, activating cocatalyst comprises a compound which is a salt of a silylium ion and a noncoordinating, compatible anion represented by the formula: R 3 3 Si(X') q + A" wherein: R 3 is C LIO hydrocarbyl, and X', q and A " are as previously defined.
- Preferred silylium salt activating cocatalysts are trimethylsilylium tetrakispentafluorophenylborate, triethylsilylium tetrakispentafluorophenylborate and ether substituted adducts thereof-
- the use of the above silylium salts as activating cocatalysts for addition polymerization catalysts is known in the art, having been disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,625,087.
- catalyst activators are expanded anionic compounds corresponding to the formula: (A 1+a ) ) l ( ⁇ 1 ] 1 ) ⁇ c ⁇ d 1 > wherein:
- a 1 is a cation of charge ⁇ a 1 ,
- Z 1 is an anion group of from 1 to 50, preferably 1 to 30 atoms, not counting hydrogen atoms, further containing two or more Lewis base sites;
- J 1 independently each occurrence is a Lewis acid coordinated to at least one Lewis base site of Z 1 , and optionally two or more such J 1 groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality
- j 1 is a number from 2 to 12 and a 1 , b 1 , c 1 , and d 1 are integers from 1 to 3, with the proviso that a 1 x b 1 is equal to c 1 x d 1 .
- a 1+ is a monovalent cation as previously defined, and preferably is a trihydrocarbyl ammonium cation, containing one or two ⁇ o alkyl groups, especially the methylbis(tetradecyl)ammonium- or methylbis(octadecyl)ammonium- cation, R 8 , independently each occurrence, is hydrogen or a halo, hydrocarbyl, halocarbyl, halohydrocarbyl, silylhydrocarbyl, or silyl, (including mono-, di- and tri(hydrocarbyl)silyl) group of up to 30 atoms not counting hydrogen, preferably C ⁇ virgin 20 alkyl, and
- J 1 is tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane or tris(pentafluorophenyl)aluminane.
- these catalyst activators include the trihydrocarbylammonium-, especially, methylbis(tetradecyl)ammonium- or methylbis(octadecyl)ammonium- salts of: bis(tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane)imidazolide, bis(tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane)-2-undecylimidazolide, bis(tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane)- 2-heptadecylimidazolide, bis(tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane)-4,5-bis(undecyl)imidazolide, bis(tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane)-4,5-bis(heptadecyl
- Q 2 is an alkyl group, optionally substituted with one or more cycloalkyl or aryl groups, said Q 2 having from 1 to 30 carbons;
- L' is a monodentate or polydentate Lewis base, preferably L' is reversibly coordinated to the metal complex such that it may be displaced by an olefin monomer, more preferably L' is a monodentate Lewis base;
- 1' is a number greater than zero indicating the number of Lewis base moieties, L', and
- Ar f independently each occurrence is an anionic ligand group; preferably Ar f is selected from the group consisting of halide, C ⁇ o halohydrocarbyl, and Q ligand groups, more preferably Ar is a fluorinated hydrocarbyl moiety of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, most preferably Ar is a fluorinated aromatic hydrocarbyl moiety of from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and most highly preferably Ar is a perfluorinated aromatic hydrocarbyl moiety of from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Group 13 metal salts are alumicinium tris(fluoroaryl)borates or gallicinium tris(fluoroaryl)borates corresponding to the formula:
- M is aluminum or gallium
- Q 1 is C ⁇ . 20 hydrocarbyl, preferably C ⁇ . 8 alkyl
- Ar f is perfluoroaryl, preferably pentafluorophenyl
- Q 2 is C ⁇ . 8 alkyl, preferably C ⁇ _g alkyl. More preferably, Q 1 and Q 2 are identical C ⁇ . s alkyl groups, most preferably, methyl, ethyl or octyl.
- Reaction temperatures for the oligomerization process may vary from 20° to 150°C, preferably from 30°C to 120°C, with higher temperatures tending to increase branched impurities and broaden molecular weight distribution.
- Pressures of ethylene may be varied from 15 to 1000 psig (100 kPa to 7 MPa), preferably from 50 to 500 psig (350 kPa to 3.4 MPa).
- the mole ratio of catalyst composition (based on amount of Group 6 metal) to aluminum alkyl may be varied from lxlO "7 to
- 1x10 " preferably from 1x10 “ to 1x10 " , and more preferably is in the range from 2x10 " to
- the ratio of aluminum alkyl to olefin has been found to affect the distribution of olefin products.
- the molar ratio of aluminum alkyl compound to olefin reactant should be greater than 5, preferably greater than 10.
- the mole ratio of aluminoxane to Group 6 metal complex expressed as moles of total aluminum in the aluminoxane, may range from 5/1 at high catalyst concentrations to 50,000/1 at low catalyst concentrations.
- the catalyst composition, cocatalyst or both may be added entirely at the initiation of the process, in portions throughout the reaction, or continuously, such as by means of a pump, through out the reaction.
- the mole ratio of cation forming cocatalyst to Group 6 metal complex may range from 0.5/1 at high catalyst concentrations to 10/1 at low catalyst concentrations. With the cation forming cocatalysts, no aluminoxane cocatalyst is required, although aluminoxane can be useful in extending the catalyst lifetimes, especially at higher temperatures. When a mixture of cation forming cocatalysts and aluminoxane is employed, the molar ratio thereof is desirably from 1:1 to 100.
- the catalyst is heated to 60-120°C in the presence of the aluminum alkyl and olefin prior to addition of the cocatalyst.
- a suitable period for such pretreatment is from 1 to 10 minutes.
- the catalyst is incubated in a solution of the cocatalyst, suitably at a temperature from 20 to 50°C prior to addition of the aluminum alkyl and olefin. In this method a suitable incubation period is from one minute to 20 minutes. According to either method, uptake of olefin occurs rapidly upon contacting with the active catalyst composition.
- a solvent may be used in the process if desired.
- Preferred solvents include aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, especially toluene, C 5 . 8 alkanes and C 2 .g olefins, especially the olefin used as the addition monomer.
- the oligomeric ⁇ -olefin product can be recovered by cracking the alkylaluminum chain growth products or by use of thermal or catalytic displacement by known procedures such as, for example, using ethylene and/or butene as the displacing olefin as described in US- A-4,935,569.
- the chain growth products can be oxidized and hydrolyzed using known procedures to produce primary alcohols.
- GC data were obtained from a HP-5890 Series 11 gas chromatograph equipped with 30m by 0.25mm OD by 0.25 ⁇ m film thickness DB-1 capillary column with FID detector.
- the temperature program used initial temperature 40°C (hold for 5 min), ramp from 40°C to 300°C at 10°C / min, total temperature 300°C (hold for 10 min).
- reaction conditions of example 4 were substantially repeated using trimethylaluminum (100 ⁇ L 2M solution in toluene, 0.20 mmol) instead of triethylaluminum. After 60 minutes the pressure had dropped to 20 psig (138 KPa). The reactor was vented and worked up using the procedure described in example 4. The resulting product had a number average degree of polymerization of 11. The product distribution obtained from the oligomerization along with a comparison Schulz-Flory distribution having a Schulz-Flory constant of 0.85 is depicted in Figure 1.
- Example 6 Ethylene oligomerization with CrCl? • 1 A7-trimethyl-l,4.7-triazacyclononane in the absence of trialkylaluminum
- Example 4 The reaction conditions of Example 4 were substantially repeated, except that no trialkylaluminum was added, and the ethylene pressure was maintained between 100 (690 KPa) and 140 psig (960 KPa). The resulting product had a number average degree of polymerization of 7.5.
- Example 7 Ethylene oligomerization with CrMe? • 1.4.7-trimethyl-1.4.7-triazacvclononane in the presence of trimethylaluminum
- the reaction conditions of Example 4 were substantially repeated using CrMe 2 • l,4,7-trimethyl-l,4,7-triazacyclononane, Example 3 (2 mg, 7 ⁇ mol), methylalumoxane (PMAO-IP, available from Akzo Nobel Inc., 100 ⁇ L of a toluene solution containing 6.45 weight percent Al, 0.24 mmol), trimethylaluminum (100 ⁇ L of a 2M toluene solution, 0.20 mmol), and N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate (0.5 mL of a 0.0794M solution in toluene, 79 ⁇ mol). After 35 minutes the reactor pressure had dropped to 25 psig (173 KPa) and the reaction was quen
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6833464B2 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-12-21 | The Texas A&M University System | Catalyst composition, method of making same and its use in olefin polymerization |
CN106526062A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-22 | 中国检验认证集团山东检测有限公司 | Ion method for measuring trace chloride ions in triethyl aluminum |
CN116134007A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2023-05-16 | 切弗朗菲利浦化学公司 | Oligomerization catalyst system activation and related ethylene oligomerization processes and reaction systems |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5210338A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-05-11 | Ethyl Corporation | Catalyzed chain growth process |
US5276220A (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-04 | Ethyl Corporation | Actinide catalyzed chain growth process |
-
2001
- 2001-11-13 AU AU2002219867A patent/AU2002219867A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-11-13 WO PCT/US2001/044248 patent/WO2002042313A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5210338A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-05-11 | Ethyl Corporation | Catalyzed chain growth process |
US5276220A (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-04 | Ethyl Corporation | Actinide catalyzed chain growth process |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6833464B2 (en) | 2003-05-14 | 2004-12-21 | The Texas A&M University System | Catalyst composition, method of making same and its use in olefin polymerization |
CN106526062A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-22 | 中国检验认证集团山东检测有限公司 | Ion method for measuring trace chloride ions in triethyl aluminum |
CN116134007A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2023-05-16 | 切弗朗菲利浦化学公司 | Oligomerization catalyst system activation and related ethylene oligomerization processes and reaction systems |
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