WO2002040784A2 - Sub-base drainage device - Google Patents

Sub-base drainage device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002040784A2
WO2002040784A2 PCT/CA2001/001601 CA0101601W WO0240784A2 WO 2002040784 A2 WO2002040784 A2 WO 2002040784A2 CA 0101601 W CA0101601 W CA 0101601W WO 0240784 A2 WO0240784 A2 WO 0240784A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water drainage
elements
shell
drainage
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2001/001601
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002040784A3 (en
Inventor
Hun S. Kim
Original Assignee
Deltalok Inc.
Versa-Lok Asia Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deltalok Inc., Versa-Lok Asia Inc. filed Critical Deltalok Inc.
Priority to AU2002214896A priority Critical patent/AU2002214896A1/en
Priority to CA002385819A priority patent/CA2385819A1/en
Publication of WO2002040784A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002040784A2/en
Publication of WO2002040784A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002040784A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/002—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings consisting of two or more layers, at least one of the layers permitting turfing of the roof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to water drainage systems and, more particularly, to materials for filling water drainage beds having high water-carrying capacity.
  • a water drainage element comprising a hollow shell with a plurality of holes in it permitting water to flow into and out of the shell.
  • the shell may be substantially spherical and made of molded plastic or metal.
  • the holes in each shell may be a mixture of sizes, some relatively smaller and some relatively larger.
  • a sub-base water drainage bed comprising a space, such as an excavated trench, having a mass of water drainage elements as aforesaid.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of a water drainage element according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view on the line II - II of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view, partly cutaway, of a second preferred embodiment of a water drainage element according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 is an end elevational view of a drainage bed with the water drainage elements of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a portion of a drainage bed.
  • a drainage element 10 comprises a hollow shell 12 having a plurality of holes 14 therein.
  • Shell 12 is preferably made of plastic, such as recycled polyethylene or polypropylene, and can be formed by conventional molding processes. It is preferably about 8 mm to 12 mm in outer diameter.
  • the holes 14 are preferably about 1 to 2 mm in diameter and are spaced generally evenly about the shell 12 to facilitate such drainage.
  • a "plurality of holes" 14 means four or more holes.
  • Holes 14 are preferably a variety of sizes in each drainage element 10, some relatively larger and some relatively smaller.
  • half of the holes may be 1 mm and half may be 2 mm in diameter, arranged in a mixed or random array about the surface of the shell, as shown in Figure 1. It has been found that fine soil particles are less likely to lodge in the interior of elements 10 when the holes 14 are of different sizes, an effect which, it is believed, is due to the more turbulent flow and the differences in flow rate through relatively larger and smaller holes.
  • Drainage element 10 is randomly oriented when placed in a drainage bed, as described below, so holes 14 are evenly spaced about the surface of the shell 12 so as to facilitate water flow through the holes however the element is oriented.
  • Shell 12 is constructed to be strong enough to resist crushing when placed in a sub base drainage bed and covered with soil or other material and subject to the weight of such material and anything else that may ordinarily exert pressure on a drainage bed.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show the use of drainage elements in a drainage bed.
  • a "drainage bed” in the specification includes channels, building foundation and roof garden drainage structures and drainage bed of any size, including a drainage bed under an entire field, such as a playing field.
  • Drainage bed 30 is normally formed by excavating a space 32 in ground 36.
  • Space 32 may be a trench, channel, foundation drainage area, etc. of any type for a given application. Space 32 may cover the entire, or substantially the entire, surface of a field such as a sports field or golf green.
  • excavation of a bed is not required as, for example, in a roof garden, where the drainage bed is made by filling a constructed space with drainage elements 10 and laying topsoil, etc. over it to form a garden.
  • the elements 10 may be uniform in size or a mixture of different sizes.
  • a particulate covering material 34 which is typically soil but which may be crushed rock or other material as may be desired for a particular application.
  • covering material 34 is topsoil, or includes topsoil in its upper portion, for planting with grass for other ground cover.
  • the water drainage elements of the invention can also be mixed with gravel or crushed rock to form a fill material for use in water drainage beds. This could be done, for example, if gravel or crushed rock is less expensive than the water drainage elements in a particular local, in order to produce a less expensive fill material. Various proportions of the two components could be used, such as 50/50 water drainage elements and gravel (or crushed rock), by volume.
  • the water drainage elements of the invention can also be mixed with pieces of polystyrene or similar plastic foam material for use in the drainage beds.
  • the function of the foam pieces is to cushion and protect the water drainage elements from damage when they are being dumped into a drainage bed and covered with soil, etc.
  • foam pieces roughly comparable in size to the water drainage elements can be mixed with them in a proportion of less than 30% foam pieces by volume in a mixture of foam pieces and water drainage elements and more preferably about 10 - 20% foam pieces by volume.
  • the drainage element 20 comprises a hollow shell 22 formed of wires 24, arrayed in a generally interwoven configuration with spaces 26 between adjacent wires.
  • Wires 24 are made of corrosion-resistant metal.
  • Spaces 26 correspond functionally to holes 14 in drainage element 10 of Figure 1, permitting water to flow in and out of the drainage element, as in the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the shell 22 may be formed by a single wire or a plurality of wires. Drainage element 20 is used in a drainage bed in the same manner as discussed above for drainage element 10. Drainage element 20 may include an inner frame to strengthen and support the shell, if desired.
  • the drainage elements can be used in place of gravel or crushed rock around heating pipes placed in the floors of buildings. Gravel or crushed rock are conventionally used in such applications because quicker transfer of heat from the pipes (typically hot water or steam pipes) to the flooring (typically wood strips), and longer maintenance of heat in the floor, are achieved than where the pipes are in an empty air space under the flooring.
  • the same benefits are achieved by the use of the water drainage elements of the present invention in place of gravel or crushed rock. In such an application, of course, water does not flow through or around the elements.
  • the space around the pipes is filled with elements 10, 20, 30 and heat from the pipes is transmitted to the floor, through and around the elements. The substantial weight of gravel or crushed rock in the floor is accordingly avoided by this use of the present invention.
  • the drainage element is preferably spherical, to provide optimum structural strength to resist crushing and to provide ample interstitial spaces between adjacent elements, but the drainage elements may be other shapes if desired.
  • the elements may also be larger or smaller than the preferred sizes described herein.
  • space 32 is normally excavated but it may be simply the space on top of existing ground, the mass of drainage elements being placed on the ground and then covered with soil or other particulate covering material.
  • the drainage elements do not need to be covered with a porous geotextile sheet as in most prior art drainage systems, but such sheet may be placed over the mass of drainage elements if desired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

Water drainage elements (10, 20) are used in place of gravel or crushed rock in drainage beds, as around foundations, in sports fields and roof gardens. The elements comprise hollow spherical shells (12, 22), typically made of thermoplastic material or of metal, having holes (14) for water to flow in and out of the shells. A drainage bed comprising such elements has a higher water-carrying capacity than conventional drainage beds made with gravel or crushed rock.

Description

SUB-BASE DRAINAGE DEVICE
Technical Field
The invention pertains to water drainage systems and, more particularly, to materials for filling water drainage beds having high water-carrying capacity.
Background
In the construction of water drainage beds, for example around building foundations, under playing fields, for roof gardens, etc. , it is common to form the bed by placing gravel or crushed rock in an excavated trench or by spreading it on the area to be drained, placing a sheet of water-permeable geotextile over the gravel and covering the sheet with soil. The geotextile keeps the fine soil particles from filling the spaces between the gravel pieces and the spaces provide a volume into which water drains and a channel through which water can flow away from the area to be drained, for example to a drainage pipe or field.
There are several disadvantages to these conventional drainage beds. Although the spaces between the gravel (or crushed rock) pieces provide a volume into which water can flow, the pieces themselves occupy the great majority of the total volume in a conventional drainage bed and, being solid, do not provide a volume for the receipt of water. Also, gravel is a very heavy material and, for applica- tions such as roof gardens, requires correspondingly strong structural support in order to hold a drainage bed containing it. Further, the porous geotextile sheet that is required to prevent fine soil particles from settling into and filling the spaces between the gravel pieces can become clogged with the particles, severely reducing the permeability of the sheet and therefore the effectiveness of the drainage bed. Summary of Invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a drainage fill material that permits water to flow into and through it, while being strong enough to support the soil or other material placed over it.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a lightweight drainage fill material that is accordingly inexpensive to transport and that is useful in applications, such as roof gardens, where lightweight material is desired.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a drainage fill material that does not require the use of a geotextile sheet over it to keep out fine soil particles.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a drainage bed, and a method of constructing a drainage bed, using drainage fill material according to the invention.
According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a water drainage element comprising a hollow shell with a plurality of holes in it permitting water to flow into and out of the shell. The shell may be substantially spherical and made of molded plastic or metal. The holes in each shell may be a mixture of sizes, some relatively smaller and some relatively larger.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a sub-base water drainage bed comprising a space, such as an excavated trench, having a mass of water drainage elements as aforesaid. These and other objects and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, considered along with the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of Drawings
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of a water drainage element according to the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view on the line II - II of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a perspective view, partly cutaway, of a second preferred embodiment of a water drainage element according to the invention;
Figure 4 is an end elevational view of a drainage bed with the water drainage elements of Figure 1; and
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a portion of a drainage bed.
Description
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, in a first preferred embodiment of the invention a drainage element 10 comprises a hollow shell 12 having a plurality of holes 14 therein. Shell 12 is preferably made of plastic, such as recycled polyethylene or polypropylene, and can be formed by conventional molding processes. It is preferably about 8 mm to 12 mm in outer diameter.
There is a plurality of round holes 14 which permit the drainage of water into and through the elements 10. The holes 14 are preferably about 1 to 2 mm in diameter and are spaced generally evenly about the shell 12 to facilitate such drainage. There are preferably at least four holes 14 and, more preferably, many more holes, for example 10 to 15 holes, in order to facilitate the flow of water with minimal obstruction. In this specification, a "plurality of holes" 14 means four or more holes.
Holes 14 are preferably a variety of sizes in each drainage element 10, some relatively larger and some relatively smaller. For example, half of the holes may be 1 mm and half may be 2 mm in diameter, arranged in a mixed or random array about the surface of the shell, as shown in Figure 1. It has been found that fine soil particles are less likely to lodge in the interior of elements 10 when the holes 14 are of different sizes, an effect which, it is believed, is due to the more turbulent flow and the differences in flow rate through relatively larger and smaller holes.
Drainage element 10 is randomly oriented when placed in a drainage bed, as described below, so holes 14 are evenly spaced about the surface of the shell 12 so as to facilitate water flow through the holes however the element is oriented.
Shell 12 is constructed to be strong enough to resist crushing when placed in a sub base drainage bed and covered with soil or other material and subject to the weight of such material and anything else that may ordinarily exert pressure on a drainage bed.
Figures 4 and 5 show the use of drainage elements in a drainage bed. A "drainage bed" in the specification includes channels, building foundation and roof garden drainage structures and drainage bed of any size, including a drainage bed under an entire field, such as a playing field. Drainage bed 30 is normally formed by excavating a space 32 in ground 36. Space 32 may be a trench, channel, foundation drainage area, etc. of any type for a given application. Space 32 may cover the entire, or substantially the entire, surface of a field such as a sports field or golf green. For some applications, of course, excavation of a bed is not required as, for example, in a roof garden, where the drainage bed is made by filling a constructed space with drainage elements 10 and laying topsoil, etc. over it to form a garden.
A mass of drainage elements 10, comprising a large number of such elements, is dumped into space 32 to form a volume sufficient for a particular application. The elements 10 may be uniform in size or a mixture of different sizes. Once in place, they are covered with a particulate covering material 34, which is typically soil but which may be crushed rock or other material as may be desired for a particular application. In a preferred embodiment, covering material 34 is topsoil, or includes topsoil in its upper portion, for planting with grass for other ground cover.
When soil 34 is put on top of the drainage elements 10 in space 32, some fine soil particles 38 fall into the interstices between elements 10. Likewise, over time, by the effects of gravity and water movement, further soil particles 38 settle in the interstices. Some soil particles will enter holes 14 in the drainage elements 10. It has been found that this does not significantly affect the effectiveness of the drainage system according to the invention. As shown in Figure 5, when water flows through drainage bed 30 in the direction indicated by arrow A, it flows in and out of holes 14. Small dirt particles that fit through holes 14 are accordingly washed through the drainage bed and do not cause significant blockage. It will be apparent that the mass of drainage elements 10, by virtue of the volume of the elements and the relatively free flow of water through them, can hold and accommodate the flow of a larger amount of water for a given volume of elements 10 than would an equivalent volume of gravel or crushed rock, which permits water to flow in the interstices between the gravel or rock pieces but not through the pieces themselves.
The water drainage elements of the invention can also be mixed with gravel or crushed rock to form a fill material for use in water drainage beds. This could be done, for example, if gravel or crushed rock is less expensive than the water drainage elements in a particular local, in order to produce a less expensive fill material. Various proportions of the two components could be used, such as 50/50 water drainage elements and gravel (or crushed rock), by volume.
The water drainage elements of the invention can also be mixed with pieces of polystyrene or similar plastic foam material for use in the drainage beds. The function of the foam pieces is to cushion and protect the water drainage elements from damage when they are being dumped into a drainage bed and covered with soil, etc. For example, foam pieces roughly comparable in size to the water drainage elements can be mixed with them in a proportion of less than 30% foam pieces by volume in a mixture of foam pieces and water drainage elements and more preferably about 10 - 20% foam pieces by volume.
A second embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Figure 3. Here, the drainage element 20 comprises a hollow shell 22 formed of wires 24, arrayed in a generally interwoven configuration with spaces 26 between adjacent wires. Wires 24 are made of corrosion-resistant metal. Spaces 26 correspond functionally to holes 14 in drainage element 10 of Figure 1, permitting water to flow in and out of the drainage element, as in the embodiment of Figure 1. The shell 22 may be formed by a single wire or a plurality of wires. Drainage element 20 is used in a drainage bed in the same manner as discussed above for drainage element 10. Drainage element 20 may include an inner frame to strengthen and support the shell, if desired.
It has been found that the drainage elements of the invention have utility in an application unrelated to water drainage.
The drainage elements can be used in place of gravel or crushed rock around heating pipes placed in the floors of buildings. Gravel or crushed rock are conventionally used in such applications because quicker transfer of heat from the pipes (typically hot water or steam pipes) to the flooring (typically wood strips), and longer maintenance of heat in the floor, are achieved than where the pipes are in an empty air space under the flooring. The same benefits are achieved by the use of the water drainage elements of the present invention in place of gravel or crushed rock. In such an application, of course, water does not flow through or around the elements. The space around the pipes is filled with elements 10, 20, 30 and heat from the pipes is transmitted to the floor, through and around the elements. The substantial weight of gravel or crushed rock in the floor is accordingly avoided by this use of the present invention.
While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it will be apparent to persons skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made that are within the scope of the invention. For example, the drainage element is preferably spherical, to provide optimum structural strength to resist crushing and to provide ample interstitial spaces between adjacent elements, but the drainage elements may be other shapes if desired. The elements may also be larger or smaller than the preferred sizes described herein. In a drainage bed, space 32 is normally excavated but it may be simply the space on top of existing ground, the mass of drainage elements being placed on the ground and then covered with soil or other particulate covering material. The drainage elements do not need to be covered with a porous geotextile sheet as in most prior art drainage systems, but such sheet may be placed over the mass of drainage elements if desired. These and other variations will occur to persons skilled in the art and are mentioned merely by way of example, the invention being limited only by the scope of the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A water drainage element comprising a hollow shell having a plurality of holes therein permitting water to flow into and out of said shell.
2. A water drainage element according to claim 1 wherein said shell is substantially spherical.
3. A water drainage element according to claim 2- wherein said shell has an outer diameter in the range of about 8 to
12 mm.
4. A water drainage element according to claim 1 wherein some of said holes are larger than others of said holes.
5. A water drainage element according to claim 1 wherein said plurality of holes includes a mixture of relatively and relatively smaller holes arrayed randomly about said shell.
6. A water drainage element according to claim 1 wherein said shell is made of molded thermoplastic material.
7. A water drainage element according to claim 1 wherein said shell is formed of a wire element.
8. A water drainage element according to claim 1 wherein said shell is made of metal.
9. A water drainage element according to claim 1 wherein said holes in said shell have a diameter of about 1 to 2 mm.
10. A water drainage element according to claim 7, further comprising an internally frame.
11. A fill material for use in water drainage beds com- prising a mass of water drainage elements according to any of claims 1 - 10.
12. A fill material according to claim 11 further comprising gravel or crushed rock mixed with said water drainage ele- ments.
13. A fill material according to claim 11 further comprising plastic foam pieces mixed with said water drainage elements.
14. A fill material according to claim 13 wherein the proportion of foam pieces in the fill materia is less then 30% by volume.
15. A water drainage bed comprising a space having therein a mass of water drainage elements according to any of claims 1 - 10, said elements in said space being covered by soil or other particulate cover material.
16. A water drainage bed comprising a space having therein a fill material according to claim 12 or 13, said fill material being covered by soil or other particulate cover material.
17. A method of making a water drainage bed comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a space to be filled with water drainage elements; (b) putting in said space a mass of water drainage elements, each element comprising a hollow shell having a plurality of holes therein permitting water to flow into and out of said shells; and
(c) covering said water drainage elements with particulate covering material and allowing said particulate covering material to commingle with said water drainage elements.
18. The use of a water drainage element according to any of claims 1 - 10 as a fill material around floor heating pipes underneath flooring.
PCT/CA2001/001601 2000-11-17 2001-11-16 Sub-base drainage device WO2002040784A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002214896A AU2002214896A1 (en) 2000-11-17 2001-11-16 Sub-base drainage device
CA002385819A CA2385819A1 (en) 2001-11-16 2002-05-10 Sub-base drainage device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2,326,272 2000-11-17
CA002326272A CA2326272A1 (en) 2000-11-17 2000-11-17 Sub-base drainage device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002040784A2 true WO2002040784A2 (en) 2002-05-23
WO2002040784A3 WO2002040784A3 (en) 2002-10-31

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CA (1) CA2326272A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002040784A2 (en)

Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2483549A (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-14 Jui-Wen Chen Hollow spherical bodies arranged as a subsurface water drainage and soil conditioning layer
GB2483550A (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-14 Jui-Wen Chen Method for manufacturing artificial paving
CN102733281A (en) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-17 陈瑞文 Water permeable dipping ecological pavement
EP2631364A1 (en) * 2010-10-19 2013-08-28 Jui-Wen Chen Manufacturing process for artificial pavement for countering global warming
EP2631362A4 (en) * 2010-10-19 2015-12-16 Jui-Wen Chen Method for manufacturing geological base course with disaster-preventive and ecological base course
CN106497093A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-03-15 广州市众智体育科技有限公司 Athletic ground synthesis surface material is filled with recyclable environmental protection particle
EP3564453A1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-06 Rehau Tube Sarl Three-dimensional unit for filling an underground rainwater retaining basin

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US1483165A (en) * 1922-05-04 1924-02-12 Eaton Washington Libbey Practice golf ball
US2291060A (en) * 1940-01-27 1942-07-28 Schiess Hermann Infusion container
US2391397A (en) * 1944-06-05 1945-12-25 Franklin J Dever Beverage maker
US2953922A (en) * 1958-03-17 1960-09-27 Teofil L Bonkowski Calibrating practice ball
US3233414A (en) * 1962-12-28 1966-02-08 Jr Robert A Hansen Drain field tile
FR2461779A1 (en) * 1979-07-17 1981-02-06 See Jacques Free draining trench fill for drainage or irrigation uses - is mass of e.g. hollow cylindrical elements with maltese cross cross=section each providing capillary passage
US4411555A (en) * 1979-07-17 1983-10-25 Minvielle Monique L Draining, irrigating and dispersing mass

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2483549A (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-14 Jui-Wen Chen Hollow spherical bodies arranged as a subsurface water drainage and soil conditioning layer
GB2483550A (en) * 2010-09-09 2012-03-14 Jui-Wen Chen Method for manufacturing artificial paving
GB2483549B (en) * 2010-09-09 2013-03-06 Jui-Wen Chen Method and manufacturing geological gradation featuring disaster prevention and ecologic function
GB2483550B (en) * 2010-09-09 2014-03-26 Jui-Wen Chen Method for manufacturing artificial paving that help improving global warming
EP2631364A4 (en) * 2010-10-19 2015-12-23 Jui-Wen Chen Manufacturing process for artificial pavement for countering global warming
EP2631362A4 (en) * 2010-10-19 2015-12-16 Jui-Wen Chen Method for manufacturing geological base course with disaster-preventive and ecological base course
EP2631364A1 (en) * 2010-10-19 2013-08-28 Jui-Wen Chen Manufacturing process for artificial pavement for countering global warming
AU2011362016B2 (en) * 2011-04-14 2014-07-17 Jui-Wen Chen Water-permeable and water-absorbable ecological paving
JP2014510859A (en) * 2011-04-14 2014-05-01 陳瑞文 Paved surface
RU2564543C2 (en) * 2011-04-14 2015-10-10 Жуй-Вэнь ЧЭНЬ Water-permeable and water-absorbing ecological coating
WO2012139263A1 (en) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-18 Chen Rui-Wen Water-permeable and water-absorbing eco-pavement
CN102733281A (en) * 2011-04-14 2012-10-17 陈瑞文 Water permeable dipping ecological pavement
CN102733281B (en) * 2011-04-14 2016-09-14 陈瑞文 A kind of permeable ecological pavement that draws water
CN106497093A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-03-15 广州市众智体育科技有限公司 Athletic ground synthesis surface material is filled with recyclable environmental protection particle
EP3564453A1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-06 Rehau Tube Sarl Three-dimensional unit for filling an underground rainwater retaining basin
FR3080868A1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-08 Rehau Tube Sarl THREE-DIMENSIONAL UNITARY ELEMENT FOR FILLING A BOWL BIRD OF RETENTION OF RAIN WATER

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