WO2002034457A1 - Method for making a heat exchanger with copper plates and resulting heat exchanger - Google Patents

Method for making a heat exchanger with copper plates and resulting heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002034457A1
WO2002034457A1 PCT/FR2001/003345 FR0103345W WO0234457A1 WO 2002034457 A1 WO2002034457 A1 WO 2002034457A1 FR 0103345 W FR0103345 W FR 0103345W WO 0234457 A1 WO0234457 A1 WO 0234457A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
copper
sheets
silver
brazing
plates
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Application number
PCT/FR2001/003345
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Marc Wagner
Sophie Wastiaux
Norbert Niclout
Original Assignee
L"Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L"Etude Et Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by L"Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L"Etude Et Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical L"Air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L"Etude Et Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of WO2002034457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002034457A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
    • B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers manufactured by assembling copper plates.
  • the vaporizers / condensers of air separation devices have generally been made of aluminum or aluminum alloy by means of plates brazed together. They can also be made of various other brazable metals, in particular copper.
  • These exchangers generally consist of two or more circuits, defined by the configuration of the plates which constitute them, and possible elements for separating the plates such as heat exchange waves, which the exchanger can contain.
  • the various fluid circulation circuits are connected to the rest of the installation by means of a system of pipes welded to the exchanger.
  • the exchangers made from copper plates are generally assembled by brazing using a copper-silver eutectic alloy containing about 70% silver and 30% copper. Due to the very high proportion of silver contained by this eutectic alloy and the quantity of alloy required, this practice is very expensive. In addition, the high proportion of silver in the brazing alloy implies the realization of this brazing in a vacuum oven to avoid oxidation which would compromise the quality of the brazing.
  • the object of the invention is to provide manufacturers of copper plate heat exchangers with an assembly method by brazing which is less expensive than the conventional assembly method using copper-silver eutectic alloy.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a plate heat exchanger of the type comprising a plurality of copper elements defining circuits for the circulation of fluids and assembled together by brazing, characterized in what said brazing results in the formation of a copper-silver-phosphorus brazing.
  • Said brazing can be carried out after a step of depositing on the areas to be brazed a copper-based powder containing 4 to 16% silver and 4 to 8% phosphorus mixed with a binder. It can also be carried out after a step of depositing, on the zones of the plates to be brazed, sheets of a copper-based alloy containing 4 to 16% silver and 4 to 8% phosphorus.
  • Said sheets can be co-laminated with said plates before said brazing.
  • Said brazing can also be carried out after a deposition step on the areas to be brazed with a layer of silver and a layer of phosphorus or a copper-phosphorus alloy separated. Said layers of silver and phosphorus or of copper-phosphorus alloy are then deposited in the form of sheets on said plates, and can be co-laminated with said plates before said brazing.
  • Said copper-phosphorus alloy layer can also be deposited in the form of sheets, and said silver layer can also be deposited electrolytically on said sheets.
  • the first step is to deposit on said plates sheets of phosphorus or copper-phosphorus alloy and secondly the electrolytic deposition of silver on said sheets, or an electrolytic deposition of silver is successively carried out on copper-phosphorus alloy sheets and the deposition of said sheets on said plates.
  • a co-laminating of said plates and of said sheets can be carried out before or after the electrolytic deposition of silver on said sheets.
  • Said brazing can take place in an oven exposed to air, or in a vacuum oven.
  • the invention also relates to a plate heat exchanger of the type comprising a plurality of copper plates defining circuits for the circulation of fluids and assembled together by brazing, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained by the previous process.
  • the invention consists in obtaining, at the end of the brazing operation, a solder no longer based solely on copper and silver, but a solder based on a copper-silver-phosphorus alloy.
  • This type of brazing provides as good results as the brazing usually performed with the copper-silver eutectic, and the lower silver content of the brazing alloy makes it possible to perform brazing in air. It is thus possible to do without the vacuum ovens usually used in this kind of process. There is therefore no longer any obstacle to the use of large-size brazing ovens exposed to air, when it is desired to assemble exchangers with copper plates having a large volume.
  • the first method consists of depositing on the areas to be brazed a copper-based powder, containing 4 to 16% silver and 4 to 8% phosphorus, mixed with a binder.
  • This powder must have a particle size suitable for its deposition by industrial processes, such as deposition by means of a gun. This particle size is, for example, 45 ⁇ m.
  • the powder is most often deposited directly on the copper plates, but it can also be deposited on the heat exchange waves, when the exchanger contains them and they are placed between the plates before brazing.
  • this deposition can also be carried out by applying to the areas to be brazed a copper-phosphorus-silver alloy having a composition similar to that of the powder which the 'we just quoted.
  • This application can be carried out by depositing sheets of such an alloy, with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m. After depositing these sheets, it is advantageous for the good performance of the assembly to carry out a co-laminating of the plates and sheets before carrying out the assembly of the exchanger and the actual brazing operation.
  • This co-lamination can be carried out in one or more stages, the first of these stages being able to be carried out hot.
  • Another method of implementing the invention may also consist either of depositing a homogeneous brazing material containing both copper, silver and phosphorus, but of depositing these elements separately. Their mixing takes place during the soldering operation itself, so as to obtain a solder having the desired composition.
  • both the silver layer and the phosphor or copper alloy layer. phosphorus are successively deposited in the form of sheets on the copper plates. Again, it is possible to carry out a co-laminating of these sheets on said plates prior to the soldering operation itself.
  • the silver layer is no longer deposited in the form of sheets, but in the form of an electrolytic deposit. For this purpose, one proceeds first to the deposition of copper-phosphorus alloy sheets on the copper plates, and then to the electrolytic deposition of silver on said sheets. As a variant, it is also possible to electrolytically deposit silver on said sheets prior to depositing these sheets on the copper plates.
  • electrolytic silver deposition it makes it possible to obtain a thickness of the deposit that is both small and regular, which makes it possible to minimize the amount of silver used.
  • the brazing is carried out by introducing the assembled exchanger into an oven at a temperature of 830 to 840 ° C. which can be evacuated as in the prior art, but which can also be maintained simply under a normal ventilated atmosphere.
  • the relatively low silver content of the brazing material is, in fact, not sufficient to compromise the quality of the brazing if an oxidation phenomenon occurs.
  • the invention is applicable to any type of exchanger with copper plates assembled by brazing, whatever its application, the vaporizers-condensers of air separation devices being only one preferred example of application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for making a plate heat exchanger comprising a plurality of copper elements defining circuits for water circulation and assembled together by soldering. Said soldering results in the formation of a copper-silver-phosphorus solder. The invention is applicable to evaporators/condensers of air separating appliances.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN ECHANGEUR DE CHALEURA PLAQUES DE CUIVRE ET ECHANGEUR DE CHALEUR OBTENU PAR CE PROCEDE PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A COPPER PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER AND HEAT EXCHANGER OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS
L'invention concerne le domaine des échangeurs de chaleur fabriqués par assemblage de plaques de cuivre.The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers manufactured by assembling copper plates.
Les vaporiseurs/condenseurs des appareils de séparation d'air sont généralement, depuis quelques dizaines d'années, réalisés en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium au moyen de plaques brasées entre elles. Ils peuvent aussi être réalisés en divers autres métaux brasables, notamment en cuivre. Ces échangeurs sont généralement constitués de deux ou plusieurs circuits, définis grâce à la configuration des plaques qui les constituent, et des éventuels éléments de séparation des plaques tels que des ondes d'échange thermique, que l'échangeur peut renfermer. Les différents circuits de circulation des fluides sont reliés au reste de l'installation grâce à un système de tuyauteries soudées sur l'échangeur.For several decades, the vaporizers / condensers of air separation devices have generally been made of aluminum or aluminum alloy by means of plates brazed together. They can also be made of various other brazable metals, in particular copper. These exchangers generally consist of two or more circuits, defined by the configuration of the plates which constitute them, and possible elements for separating the plates such as heat exchange waves, which the exchanger can contain. The various fluid circulation circuits are connected to the rest of the installation by means of a system of pipes welded to the exchanger.
Les échangeurs réalisés à partir de plaques de cuivre sont assemblés généralement par brasage au moyen d'un alliage eutectique cuivre- argent renfermant environ 70% d'argent et 30% de cuivre. Du fait de la très forte proportion d'argent renfermée par cet alliage eutectique et de la quantité d'alliage nécessaire, cette pratique est très coûteuse. De plus, la forte proportion d'argent dans l'alliage de brasage implique la réalisation de ce brasage dans un four sous vide pour éviter une oxydation qui compromettrait la qualité de la brasure.The exchangers made from copper plates are generally assembled by brazing using a copper-silver eutectic alloy containing about 70% silver and 30% copper. Due to the very high proportion of silver contained by this eutectic alloy and the quantity of alloy required, this practice is very expensive. In addition, the high proportion of silver in the brazing alloy implies the realization of this brazing in a vacuum oven to avoid oxidation which would compromise the quality of the brazing.
Le but de l'invention est de procurer aux fabricants d'échangeurs de chaleur à plaques de cuivre un mode d'assemblage par brasage moins coûteux que le mode d'assemblage classique au moyen d'alliage eutectique cuivre- argent.The object of the invention is to provide manufacturers of copper plate heat exchangers with an assembly method by brazing which is less expensive than the conventional assembly method using copper-silver eutectic alloy.
A cet effet l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un echangeur de chaleur à plaques du type comportant une pluralité d'éléments en cuivré définissant des circuits pour la circulation de fluides et assemblés les uns aux autres par brasage, caractérisé en ce que ledit brasage a pour conséquence la formation d'une brasure cuivre-argent-phosphore.To this end, the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing a plate heat exchanger of the type comprising a plurality of copper elements defining circuits for the circulation of fluids and assembled together by brazing, characterized in what said brazing results in the formation of a copper-silver-phosphorus brazing.
Ledit brasage peut être effectué après une étape de dépôt sur les zones à braser d'une poudre à base de cuivre contenant de 4 à 16% d'argent et de 4 à 8% de phosphore mélangée à un liant. Il peut aussi être effectué après une étape de dépôt sur les zones des plaques à braser de feuilles d'un alliage à base de cuivre contenant de 4 à 16% d'argent et de 4 à 8% de phosphore.Said brazing can be carried out after a step of depositing on the areas to be brazed a copper-based powder containing 4 to 16% silver and 4 to 8% phosphorus mixed with a binder. It can also be carried out after a step of depositing, on the zones of the plates to be brazed, sheets of a copper-based alloy containing 4 to 16% silver and 4 to 8% phosphorus.
Lesdites feuilles peuvent être colaminées avec lesdites plaques avant ledit brasage.Said sheets can be co-laminated with said plates before said brazing.
Ledit brasage peut aussi être effectué après une étape de dépôt sur les zones à braser d'une couche d'argent et d'une couche de phosphore ou d'un alliage cuivre-phosphore séparées. Lesdites couches d'argent et de phosphore ou d'alliage cuivre-phosphore sont alors déposées sous forme de feuilles sur lesdites plaques, et peuvent être colaminées avec lesdites plaques avant ledit brasage.Said brazing can also be carried out after a deposition step on the areas to be brazed with a layer of silver and a layer of phosphorus or a copper-phosphorus alloy separated. Said layers of silver and phosphorus or of copper-phosphorus alloy are then deposited in the form of sheets on said plates, and can be co-laminated with said plates before said brazing.
Ladite couche d'alliage cuivre-phosphore peut aussi être déposée sous forme de feuilles, et ladite couche d'argent peut aussi être déposée par voie electrolytique sur lesdites feuilles. Dans ces cas, on effectue en premier lieu le dépôt sur lesdites plaques de feuilles de phosphore ou d'alliage cuivre- phosphore et en second lieu le dépôt electrolytique d'argent sur lesdites feuilles, ou on effectue successivement un dépôt electrolytique d'argent sur des feuilles d'alliage cuivre-phosphore et le dépôt desdites feuilles sur lesdites plaques. Un colaminage desdites plaques et desdites feuilles peut être effectué avant ou après le dépôt electrolytique d'argent sur lesdites feuilles.Said copper-phosphorus alloy layer can also be deposited in the form of sheets, and said silver layer can also be deposited electrolytically on said sheets. In these cases, the first step is to deposit on said plates sheets of phosphorus or copper-phosphorus alloy and secondly the electrolytic deposition of silver on said sheets, or an electrolytic deposition of silver is successively carried out on copper-phosphorus alloy sheets and the deposition of said sheets on said plates. A co-laminating of said plates and of said sheets can be carried out before or after the electrolytic deposition of silver on said sheets.
Ledit brasage peut avoir lieu dans un four exposé à l'air, ou dans un four sous vide.Said brazing can take place in an oven exposed to air, or in a vacuum oven.
L'invention a également pour objet un échangeur de chaleur à plaques du type comportant une pluralité de plaques en cuivre définissant des circuits pour la circulation de fluides et assemblées les unes aux autres par brasage, caractérisé en ce qu'il est susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé précédent.The invention also relates to a plate heat exchanger of the type comprising a plurality of copper plates defining circuits for the circulation of fluids and assembled together by brazing, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained by the previous process.
Comme on l'aura compris, l'invention consiste à obtenir en fin de l'opération de brasage une brasure non plus à base uniquement de cuivre et d'argent, mais une brasure à base d'un alliage cuivre-argent-phosphore. Ce type de brasure procure d'aussi bons résultats que les brasures habituellement pratiquées avec l'eutectique cuivre-argent, et la moindre teneur en argent de l'alliage de brasage rend possible l'exécution du brasage dans l'air. On peut ainsi se passer des fours sous vide habituellement utilisés dans ce genre de procédé. Il n'y a donc plus d'obstacle à l'utilisation de fours de brasage de grandes dimensions exposés à l'air, lorsqu'on désire assembler des échangeurs à plaques de cuivre ayant un volume important.As will be understood, the invention consists in obtaining, at the end of the brazing operation, a solder no longer based solely on copper and silver, but a solder based on a copper-silver-phosphorus alloy. This type of brazing provides as good results as the brazing usually performed with the copper-silver eutectic, and the lower silver content of the brazing alloy makes it possible to perform brazing in air. It is thus possible to do without the vacuum ovens usually used in this kind of process. There is therefore no longer any obstacle to the use of large-size brazing ovens exposed to air, when it is desired to assemble exchangers with copper plates having a large volume.
Les opérations préparatoires à la réalisation de la brasure elle- même peuvent, selon l'invention, être réalisées selon différentes méthodes que l'on va à présent détailler.The preparatory operations for producing the solder itself can, according to the invention, be carried out according to different methods which will now be detailed.
La première méthode consiste à réaliser un dépôt sur les zones à braser d'une poudre à base de cuivre, contenant de 4 à 16% d'argent et de 4 à 8% de phosphore, mélangée à un liant. Cette poudre doit avoir une granulométrie adaptée à son dépôt par des procédés industriels, tel qu'un dépôt au moyen d'un pistolet. Cette granulométrie est, par exemple, de 45 μm. La poudre est le plus souvent déposée directement sur les plaques de cuivre, mais elle peut également être déposée sur les ondes d'échange thermique, lorsque l'échangeur en renferme et qu'elles sont disposées entre les plaques préalablement au brasage.The first method consists of depositing on the areas to be brazed a copper-based powder, containing 4 to 16% silver and 4 to 8% phosphorus, mixed with a binder. This powder must have a particle size suitable for its deposition by industrial processes, such as deposition by means of a gun. This particle size is, for example, 45 μm. The powder is most often deposited directly on the copper plates, but it can also be deposited on the heat exchange waves, when the exchanger contains them and they are placed between the plates before brazing.
Au lieu de déposer l'alliage de brasage sur des plaques au moyen d'une poudre, on peut également effectuer ce dépôt en appliquant sur les zones à braser un alliage cuivre-phosphore-argent ayant une composition analogue à celle de la poudre que l'on vient de citer. Cette application peut être effectuée par le dépôt de feuilles d'un tel alliage, d'épaisseur 100μm. Après le dépôt de ces feuilles, il est avantageux pour la bonne tenue de l'ensemble d'effectuer un colaminage des plaques et des feuilles avant de réaliser l'assemblage de l'échangeur et l'opération de brasage proprement dite. Ce colaminage peut être effectué en une ou plusieurs étapes, la première de ces étapes pouvant être exécutée à chaud.Instead of depositing the brazing alloy on plates by means of a powder, this deposition can also be carried out by applying to the areas to be brazed a copper-phosphorus-silver alloy having a composition similar to that of the powder which the 'we just quoted. This application can be carried out by depositing sheets of such an alloy, with a thickness of 100 μm. After depositing these sheets, it is advantageous for the good performance of the assembly to carry out a co-laminating of the plates and sheets before carrying out the assembly of the exchanger and the actual brazing operation. This co-lamination can be carried out in one or more stages, the first of these stages being able to be carried out hot.
Une autre méthode de mise en œuvre de l'invention peut également consister non plus à déposer un matériau de brasage homogène contenant à la fois du cuivre, de l'argent et du phosphore, mais à déposer ces éléments de manière séparée. Leur mélange s'effectue lors de l'opération de brasage elle- même, de manière à obtenir une brasure présentant la composition souhaitée.Another method of implementing the invention may also consist either of depositing a homogeneous brazing material containing both copper, silver and phosphorus, but of depositing these elements separately. Their mixing takes place during the soldering operation itself, so as to obtain a solder having the desired composition.
Ainsi, on peut déposer, sur les zones à braser, successivement une couche d'argent et une couche d'alliage cuivre-phosphore, ou même seulement une couche d'argent et une couche de phosphore en escomptant que le cuivre de la plaque fournira lui-même la quantité de cuivre nécessaire dans la brasure lors du brasage.Thus, one can deposit, on the areas to be brazed, successively a layer of silver and a layer of copper-phosphorus alloy, or even only a layer of silver and a layer of phosphorus, expecting that the copper of the plate will provide itself the amount of copper needed in the solder during brazing.
Selon une première variante de cette mise en oeuvre de l'invention, aussi bien la couche d'argent que la couche de phosphore ou d'alliage cuivre- phosphore sont déposées successivement sous forme de feuilles sur les plaques en cuivre. Là encore, il est possible d'effectuer un colaminage de ces feuilles sur lesdites plaques préalablement à l'opération de brasage elle-même. Selon une autre variante de cette forme de mise en œuvre de l'invention, la couche d'argent est déposée non plus sous forme de feuilles, mais sous forme d'un dépôt electrolytique. A cet effet, on procède d'abord au dépôt des feuilles d'alliage cuivre-phosphore sur les plaques de cuivre, et ensuite au dépôt electrolytique d'argent sur lesdites feuilles. En variante, on peut également procéder au dépôt electrolytique d'argent sur lesdites feuilles préalablement au dépôt de ces feuilles sur les plaques de cuivre. Là encore, sur l'ensemble des dépôts réalisés, un colaminage des dépôts et des plaques de cuivre peut être effectué avant la réalisation de la brasure. L'avantage principal du dépôt electrolytique d'argent est qu'il permet d'obtenir une épaisseur du dépôt à la fois faible et régulière, ce qui permet de minimiser la quantité d'argent utilisée.According to a first variant of this implementation of the invention, both the silver layer and the phosphor or copper alloy layer. phosphorus are successively deposited in the form of sheets on the copper plates. Again, it is possible to carry out a co-laminating of these sheets on said plates prior to the soldering operation itself. According to another variant of this embodiment of the invention, the silver layer is no longer deposited in the form of sheets, but in the form of an electrolytic deposit. For this purpose, one proceeds first to the deposition of copper-phosphorus alloy sheets on the copper plates, and then to the electrolytic deposition of silver on said sheets. As a variant, it is also possible to electrolytically deposit silver on said sheets prior to depositing these sheets on the copper plates. Again, on all the deposits made, a co-laminating of the deposits and copper plates can be carried out before the brazing is carried out. The main advantage of electrolytic silver deposition is that it makes it possible to obtain a thickness of the deposit that is both small and regular, which makes it possible to minimize the amount of silver used.
La brasure est effectuée en introduisant l'échangeur assemblé dans un four à une température de 830 à 840°C qui peut être mis sous vide comme dans l'art antérieur, mais qui peut aussi être maintenu simplement sous une atmosphère aérée normale. La relativement faible teneur en argent du matériau de brasage n'est, en effet, pas suffisante pour compromettre la qualité de la brasure si un phénomène d'oxydation venait à se produire.The brazing is carried out by introducing the assembled exchanger into an oven at a temperature of 830 to 840 ° C. which can be evacuated as in the prior art, but which can also be maintained simply under a normal ventilated atmosphere. The relatively low silver content of the brazing material is, in fact, not sufficient to compromise the quality of the brazing if an oxidation phenomenon occurs.
L'invention est applicable à tout type d'éGhangeur à plaques de cuivre assemblées par brasage, quel que soit son application, les vaporiseurs- condenseurs d'appareils de séparation d'air n'étant qu'un exemple d'application privilégié. The invention is applicable to any type of exchanger with copper plates assembled by brazing, whatever its application, the vaporizers-condensers of air separation devices being only one preferred example of application.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques, du type comportant une pluralité d'éléments en cuivre définissant des circuits pour la circulation de fluides et assemblés les uns aux autres par brasage, caractérisé en ce que ledit brasage a pour conséquence la formation d'une brasure cuivre- argent-phosphore.1. A method of manufacturing a plate heat exchanger, of the type comprising a plurality of copper elements defining circuits for the circulation of fluids and assembled together by brazing, characterized in that said brazing has the consequence the formation of a copper-silver-phosphorus solder.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit brasage est effectué après une étape de dépôt sur les zones à braser d'une poudre à base de cuivre contenant de l'argent et du phosphore mélangée à un liant.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said brazing is carried out after a step of depositing on the areas to be brazed a copper-based powder containing silver and phosphorus mixed with a binder.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite poudre contient de 4 à 16% d'argent et de 4 à 8% de phosphore.3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said powder contains from 4 to 16% of silver and from 4 to 8% of phosphorus.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit brasage est effectué après une étape de dépôt sur les zones des plaques à braser de feuilles d'un alliage à base de cuivre contenant de 4 à 16% d'argent et de 4 à4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said brazing is carried out after a step of depositing on the areas of the plates to be brazed with sheets of a copper-based alloy containing 4 to 16% silver and 4 at
8% de phosphore.8% phosphorus.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdites feuilles sont colaminées avec lesdites plaques avant ledit brasage.5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that said sheets are colaminated with said plates before said brazing.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit brasage est effectué après une étape de dépôt sur les zones à braser d'une couche d'argent et d'une couche de phosphore ou d'un alliage cuivre-phosphore séparées.6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said brazing is carried out after a deposition step on the areas to be brazed with a layer of silver and a layer of phosphorus or a copper-phosphorus alloy separated.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites couches d'argent et de phosphore ou d'alliage cuivre-phosphore sont déposées sous forme de feuilles sur lesdites plaques.7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that said layers of silver and phosphorus or copper-phosphorus alloy are deposited in the form of sheets on said plates.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdites feuilles sont colaminées avec lesdites plaques avant ledit brasage.8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that said sheets are colaminated with said plates before said brazing.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite couche d'alliage cuivre-phosphore est déposée sous forme de feuilles, et en ce que ladite couche d'argent est déposée par voie electrolytique sur lesdites feuilles.9. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that said layer of copper-phosphorus alloy is deposited in the form of sheets, and in that said layer of silver is deposited electrolytically on said sheets.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue en premier lieu le dépôt sur lesdites plaques de feuilles de phosphore ou d'alliage cuivre-phosphore et en second lieu le dépôt electrolytique d'argent sur lesdites feuilles. 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that firstly the deposition on said plates of phosphor sheets or copper-phosphorus alloy and secondly the electrolytic deposition of silver on said sheets.
11. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue successivement un dépôt electrolytique d'argent sur des feuilles d'alliage cuivre-phosphore et le dépôt desdites feuilles sur lesdites plaques. 11. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that an electrolytic deposition of silver is successively carried out on copper-phosphorus alloy sheets and the deposition of said sheets on said plates.
12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 9, 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue le dépôt desdites feuilles sur lesdites plaques, et en ce qu'on effectue un colaminage desdites plaques et desdites feuilles avant ou après le dépôt electrolytique d'argent sur lesdites feuilles. 12. Method according to one of claims 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that the deposition of said sheets is carried out on said plates, and in that a co-rolling of said plates and of said leaves is carried out before or after electrolytic deposition of silver on said sheets.
13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit brasage a lieu dans un four exposé à l'air.13. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said brazing takes place in an oven exposed to air.
14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit brasage a lieu dans un four sous vide.14. Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said brazing takes place in a vacuum oven.
15. Echangeur de chaleur à;plaques du type comportant une pluralité de plaques en cuivre définissant des circuits pour la circulation de fluides et assemblées les unes aux autres par brasage, caractérisé en ce qu'il est susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14. 15. Heat exchanger at ; plates of the type comprising a plurality of copper plates defining circuits for the circulation of fluids and assembled together by brazing, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained by the method according to one of claims 1 to 14.
PCT/FR2001/003345 2000-10-27 2001-10-26 Method for making a heat exchanger with copper plates and resulting heat exchanger WO2002034457A1 (en)

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FR0013861A FR2815895B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2000-10-27 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COPPER PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER, AND HEAT EXCHANGER OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS
FR00/13861 2000-10-27

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FR2843059B1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2005-02-25 Air Liquide BRASED COPPER THERMAL EXCHANGERS AND PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF
FR2930465B1 (en) 2008-04-28 2010-09-24 Air Liquide METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER USING A PLATE ASSEMBLY

Citations (5)

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US3163499A (en) * 1960-12-01 1964-12-29 Chase Brass & Copper Co Braze clad copper and method of producing same
FR2074494A5 (en) * 1970-01-02 1971-10-01 Lucas Industries Ltd
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