WO2002031408A1 - Generation of energy from pyrolysis gas produced by reactors heated with their own flue gases - Google Patents
Generation of energy from pyrolysis gas produced by reactors heated with their own flue gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002031408A1 WO2002031408A1 PCT/IB2001/001846 IB0101846W WO0231408A1 WO 2002031408 A1 WO2002031408 A1 WO 2002031408A1 IB 0101846 W IB0101846 W IB 0101846W WO 0231408 A1 WO0231408 A1 WO 0231408A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pyrolysis
- gas
- reactors
- energy
- heat
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/067—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
- F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/50201—Waste pyrolysis, gasification or cracking by indirect heat transfer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/54601—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators using waste heat for desalinating sea water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of electrical and/or thermal power generation, including the form of co-generation, obtained from the combustion of gases produced in a pyrolytic process performed in pyrolysis reactors in which biomass, fuel derived from wastes, solid wastes such as production waste, solid wastes, etc., are processed. As those skilled in the art know, this process is achieved by heating the said solid wastes to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen, whereupon they are converted into gases, charcoal and/or ash.
- the gas produced can be delivered to internal combustion engines, e.g. gas turboalternators for the purposes of generating electrical energy.
- the still hot flue gases leaving the pyrolysis reactors are used as thermal power for a recovery boiler for energy which can be used in thermal form or converted into electric form and/or can be conveyed to a flue gas/air exchanger which preheats the oxidant air as it leaves the compression stage of the turbine and before it enters the combustion chamber of one or more so-called "recovered" cycle gas turbines.
- a flue gas/air exchanger which preheats the oxidant air as it leaves the compression stage of the turbine and before it enters the combustion chamber of one or more so-called "recovered" cycle gas turbines.
- the co- generation systems and so-called “combined cycles” most commonly in use comprise plants including endothermic turbines (sometimes piston engines) , heat recovery systems (such as steam boilers, drying systems, diathermic oil recuperators) , and in some cases steam- driven turbomachines which can be used to convert part of the thermal energy contained in the boiler steam into electrical energy.
- endothermic turbines sometimes piston engines
- heat recovery systems such as steam boilers, drying systems, diathermic oil recuperators
- steam- driven turbomachines which can be used to convert part of the thermal energy contained in the boiler steam into electrical energy.
- the fuel used is derived from oil and in general is methane gas, LPG, gas oil or naphtha.
- the pyrolysis process which is designed to produce vegetable charcoal and gases, is a process which has been implemented, albeit in a number of variants and with varying performance, since the early 1800s, and provided the basic fuel during the period of the "industrial revolution" before being replaced by coal.
- Pyrolysis is a technique which consists of applying high temperatures to a solid organic material
- biomass biomass, wastes, etc.
- IGCC Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles
- the direct heat from the gas turbine exhaust is not used as a source of heat energy for the gas production cycle.
- the specific subject matter of this patent lies in the combined and direct use of pyrolysis and electricity and heat co-generation through a recovered cycle for the generation of electricity and heat together with thermal utilization of solid wastes or biomass.
- Wind energy 4. The energy which can be generated from biomass.
- the limitations on the first three types of energy deriving from solar energy are above all of a geographical nature (the need to find mountainous places with the appropriate hydrology, windy places or places with good insolation) , associated with sometimes very poor energy conversion efficiency and difficulties with storage of the energy produced.
- a pyrolysis reactor 3 houses within it solid wastes lOn, which are delivered to it continuously (arrow D) by means of systems of a known type, such as for example a hopper 9.
- solid wastes lOn when heated in the absence of oxygen, become converted as mentioned into gas, charcoal and ash.
- the pyrolysis gas generated which flows into a container 11 of pyrolysis reactor 3 is sent following filtration through a filter unit 7 and compression in a first compression unit 6, partly to a recovered cycle gas turboalternator as fuel 2 and partly to a post-combustion unit 4 through which all or part of the exhaust gas from the exhaust 2u of turboalternator 2 flows towards pyrolysis reactor 3. It may prove advantageous to recompress only the part of the pyrolysis gas which is delivered to turboalternator 2 , as indicated in the figure, through a second compression unit 8.
- the temperature of the exhaust gases from turboalternator 2 can be optimally increased as necessary in the abovementioned post-combustion unit 4.
- the inventor has provided that at least part of their thermal energy should be recovered by sending them to a recovery boiler 12 with possible post-combustion 13 using at least part of their thermal energy for the purposes of heating and/or vaporizing a fluid.
- a recovery boiler 12 with possible post-combustion 13 using at least part of their thermal energy for the purposes of heating and/or vaporizing a fluid.
- one or more flue gas/air exchangers 5 may be included, which are used for the purposes of heating the oxidant air leaving the compressor of the gas turbine, before said air enters the combustion chamber of said turbine.
- the exchanger 5 can be of the direct type, with heat exchange between flue gases and air, or with one or more intermediate circuits. Both the charcoal extracted from pyrolysis reactor 3, as mentioned, and any excess pyrolysis gas can be burnt in the post-combustion system 4 and/or 13 in order to permit further energy recovery.
- thermodynamic and mass cycle which is independent of the envisaged power and size of the components.
- the appended claims also make reference to a universal plant cycle, independently of the size, power, fuel and characteristics of the individual components.
- Mass and energy flows relating to a hypothetical hourly throughput of solid material, in this case biomass, for pyrolysis, and the resulting electrical power provided by the recovered cycle gas turbine combination will now be illustrated by way of example.
- the consumption of biomass fuel entering hopper 9 is assumed to be 5600 kg/hour.
- This quantity corresponds to a turbine fuel power of 12500 kW.
- the thermal power from the turboalternator in the form of exhaust gas heat is approximately 9000 kW.
- the total input of energy from biomass (assuming an average biomass calorific value of 13500 kJ/kg) is 21000 kW.
- the gross power measured at the terminals of the alternators of the two turbines is 7350 kW.
- the efficiency of the cycle, including internal consumption, is therefore 35.0%.
- the consumption of biomass fuel entering hopper 9 is assumed to be 2970 kg/hour.
- the thermal power from the turboalternator in the form of exhaust gas heat is approximately 6300 kW. Of this power approximately 911 kW is necessary for supplying pyrolysis reactor 3, together with the post-combustion 4 supply, in order to produce the 1870 nm 3 /hour of gas referred to above.
- the remaining thermal power of the turbine exhaust leaving the outer jacket of the pyrolysis reactor feeds the exchanger 5 which serves to preheat the oxidant air of the gas turbine.
- the power at the alternator terminals is 3915 kW with a thermal power at the outlet of the gas exchanger of roughly 6271 kW which can still be used for generating heat, cold, process heat, desalination, etc.
- the total input of energy from biomass (assuming an average biomass calorific value of 14300 kJ/kg) is 11800 kW.
- the gross power measured at the terminals of the alternators of the gas turbine is 3915 kW.
- the electrical efficiency of the cycle, including internal consumption, is therefore 33.2%.
- the invention defines a thermodynamic cycle of thermal conversion of wastes, which achieves high electrical efficiencies without the use of water/steam cycle and associated turbine, thus limiting the impact and the complexity.
- Another fundamental aspect of this invention is undoubtedly the combination of the part producing fuel, whether pyrolysis gas or resulting charcoal, with immediate utilization in the process.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001290208A AU2001290208A1 (en) | 2000-10-09 | 2001-10-05 | Generation of energy from pyrolysis gas produced by reactors heated with their own flue gases |
EP01970095A EP1325262A1 (en) | 2000-10-09 | 2001-10-05 | Generation of energy from pyrolysis gas produced by reactors heated with their own flue gases |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00203500A EP1231433A3 (en) | 2000-10-09 | 2000-10-09 | Generation of energy from pyrolysis gas produced by reactors heated with their own flue gases |
EP00203500.4 | 2000-10-09 | ||
CH677/01 | 2001-04-11 | ||
CH6772001A CH695511A5 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Process for generation of energy achieved by expanding burnt gas in turbine of one or more turboalternators; obtains thermal energy wholly or partly by heat exchange between one or more pyrolysis reactors |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002031408A1 true WO2002031408A1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
Family
ID=25737927
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2001/001846 WO2002031408A1 (en) | 2000-10-09 | 2001-10-05 | Generation of energy from pyrolysis gas produced by reactors heated with their own flue gases |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2001290208A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES1065169Y (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002031408A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3589313A (en) * | 1968-08-30 | 1971-06-29 | Us Health Education & Welfare | Solid waste disposal method and apparatus |
US4387560A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-06-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Utilization of coal in a combined cycle powerplant |
DE4342165C1 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-05-11 | Umwelt & Energietech | Process for the utilisation of biomass energy |
US5471937A (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1995-12-05 | Mei Corporation | System and method for the treatment of hazardous waste material |
US5666801A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1997-09-16 | Rohrer; John W. | Combined cycle power plant with integrated CFB devolatilizer and CFB boiler |
US6014856A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 2000-01-18 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Multi-fuel, combined cycle power plant |
-
2001
- 2001-10-05 WO PCT/IB2001/001846 patent/WO2002031408A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-10-05 AU AU2001290208A patent/AU2001290208A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-01-10 ES ES200700049U patent/ES1065169Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3589313A (en) * | 1968-08-30 | 1971-06-29 | Us Health Education & Welfare | Solid waste disposal method and apparatus |
US4387560A (en) * | 1980-12-29 | 1983-06-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Utilization of coal in a combined cycle powerplant |
DE4342165C1 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-05-11 | Umwelt & Energietech | Process for the utilisation of biomass energy |
US5471937A (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1995-12-05 | Mei Corporation | System and method for the treatment of hazardous waste material |
US6014856A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 2000-01-18 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Multi-fuel, combined cycle power plant |
US5666801A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1997-09-16 | Rohrer; John W. | Combined cycle power plant with integrated CFB devolatilizer and CFB boiler |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES1065169Y (en) | 2007-10-01 |
ES1065169U (en) | 2007-07-01 |
AU2001290208A1 (en) | 2002-04-22 |
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