WO2002026961A2 - Production process of surfactin - Google Patents
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- WO2002026961A2 WO2002026961A2 PCT/JP2001/008568 JP0108568W WO0226961A2 WO 2002026961 A2 WO2002026961 A2 WO 2002026961A2 JP 0108568 W JP0108568 W JP 0108568W WO 0226961 A2 WO0226961 A2 WO 0226961A2
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- surfactin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/32—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Bacillus (G)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/02—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/08—Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms containing a hetero ring of at least seven ring members, e.g. zearalenone, macrolide aglycons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/07—Bacillus
- C12R2001/125—Bacillus subtilis ; Hay bacillus; Grass bacillus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing Surfactin using a microorganism of the genus Bacillus in high productivity. More specifically, the present invention relates to a process for producing Surfactin comprising culturing a microorganism of the genus Bacillus in a liquid culture medium containing flour of beans such as soybean or an extract thereof as a nitrogen source and accumulating Surfactin in the culture broth, and to a microorganism of the genus Bacillus which is useful for the process.
- K. Arima et al. disclose a method of producing Surfactin using a Bacill us subtilis strain ATCC 21331 or ATCC 21332 (see, U.S. Patent 3,687,926 and Biochem. Bioph . Res. Commun. , 31, 488-494 (1968)) and state that according to this method, from 0.05 to 0.1 g/L of Surfactin is accumulated in the culture medium by the culturing for 24 hours.
- the yield of Surfactin is from 0.7 to 0.8 g/L.
- Sheppard et al. disclose a method of growing Bacillus subtilis in a culture medium containing hydrolyzed peat and thereby achieving a yield of 0.16 g/L (see, Appl . Microbiol .
- Mulligan et al. disclose a method for improving the yield of Surfactin by using a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 (see, Appl . Microbiol . Biotech . , 31, 486-489 (1989)). According to this method, the yield of Surfactin after culturing for 40 hours is 0.562 g/L.
- JP-A-6-121668 the term “JP-A” as used herein means an "unexa ined published Japanese patent application”
- Wei et al. disclose a method for increasing the yield of Surfactin by culturing Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 while adding an iron in a high concentration (see, Enz . Microbial Technol . , 22, 724- 728 (1998)), where the yield of Surfactin is 3.5 g/L.
- Carrera et al. disclose that Bacillus subtilis ATCC 55033 as a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 has an activity to produce Surfactin in a concentration of 2.0 to 4.0 g/L (see, Japanese Patent No. 3030789, U.
- One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a microorganism of the genus Bacillus, which can produce Surfactin in a high yield.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing Surfactin, where a Surfactin-producing microorganism of the genus Bacillus is cultured and the Surfactin is accumulated in a high concentration in the culture broth.
- the present inventors have made extensive investigations on various culture medium ingredients. As a result, it has been found that when a Surfactin-producing microorganism of the genus Bacillus is cultured in a culture medium containing flour of beans such as soybean or an extract thereof as a nitrogen source, Surfactin is accumulated in a high concentration in the culture broth, and that means for removing foam is not necessary because excess form generation is prevented during the production of Surfactin by this method. Furthermore, it has also been found that when the Surfactin-producing microorganism of the genus Bacillus is modified and the modified microorganism is cultured in the culture medium, Surfactin is accumulated in a high concentration in the culture broth. The present invention has been accomplished based on these findings.
- the present invention relates to a process for producing Surfactin described in [1] to [20] below and a microorganism of the genus Bacillus described in [21] to [26] below.
- a process for producing Surfactin comprising culturing a microorganism of the genus Bacillus in a liquid culture medium containing flour of beans or an extract thereof and accumulating Surfactin in the culture broth.
- catabolizable carbon source is one or more members selected from the group consisting of glucose, maltose, sucrose, hydrolyzed starch, molasses, potato extract, malt, peat, vegetable oil, corn steep liquor, fructose, syrup, sugar, liquid sugar, invert sugar, alcohol, organic acid, organic acid salts and alkane.
- a microorganism of the genus Bacillus which have an activity to produce a crude Surfactin in a concentration of from
- Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis SD901
- a Surfactin-producing microorganism is cultured by adding flour of beans such as soybean or an extract thereof as a nitrogen source to the culture medium where the microorganism is cultured, whereby Surfactin can be accumulated in a high concentration in the culture broth.
- culturing of a microorganism of the genus Bacillus in a culture medium containing flour of beans or an extract thereof as a nitrogen source is conventionally known to one skilled in the art, however, the production process of culturing a Surfactin-producing microorganism in a culture medium containing flour of beans or an extract thereof as a nitrogen source and accumulating the Surfactin in a high concentration in the culture broth is not known and newly found by the present inventors.
- the beans which can be used in the present invention include soybean, adzuki bean (red bean) , pea, broad bean, chick pea, lentil and string bean. These may be used individually or in combination thereof. Among these, soybean is preferred.
- microorganism of the genus Bacill us for use in the present invention is not particularly limited insofar as it produces Surfactin, however, for example, Bacillus subtilis SD901 modified by the present inventors is suitable.
- This strain is a novel mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis and is characterized by the activity of accumulating Surfactin in a high concentration. This strain is distinguished from conventional strains in the point of having an extremely high productivity of Surfactin and it is proper to designate the strain as a novel strain of Bacillus subtilis .
- Bacillus subtilis SD901 This novel strain is named as Bacillus subtilis SD901 and deposited at Bioengineering Industrial Technology Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan on August 7, 2000 under accession number FERM P-17989 and transferred to international deposition under the international accession number FERM BP-7666 at International Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology of AIST Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-8566 Japan on July 16, 2001. Accordingly, the Bacillus subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) itself is a subject of the present invention.
- Mutant strains derived from this strain and having the same properties as this strain in the point of having an extremely high productivity of Surfactin are included in the present invention.
- a microorganism of the genus Bacillus which have an activity to produce a crude Surfactin in a concentration of from 8 to 50 g/L on culturing for 20 to 90 hours is a subject of the present invention.
- Bacillus subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) of the present invention is originated in Bacillus subtilis MI113 (pC115) that is a transformant of Bacillus subtilis MI113 as a mutant strain of Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 strain.
- the Bacillus subtilis MI113 (pC115) is described in the publication of Nakayama et al. (see, Appl . Microbiol . Biotechnol . , 4£, 80-82 (1997)).
- the plasmid pC115 is described in the publication of Huang et al. (see, J. Fermert . Bioeng. , 16, 6, 445-450 (1993)).
- the gene lpa-14 on the plasmid pC115, which participates in the production of Surfactin, is connected with the plasmid pNS1981 originated in Bacillus subtilis to form a plasmid, thereby transforming the Bacillus subtilis MI113.
- the lpa-14 is described in the publication of Hiraoka et al . (see, J. Ferment . Bioeng. , 2A, 5, 323-326 (1992)) .
- the plasmid pNSl981 is described in the publication of Shishido et al. (see, Plasmid, 10., 224-234 (1983) ) .
- the Bacillus subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) of the present invention is acquired by the mutation of the transformant obtained above.
- a strain stock changed in the Surfactin yield is prepared by allowing a chemical or physical mutagen to act on the obtained transformant and from this, a colony increased in the productivity is isolated, thereby obtaining the Bacill us subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) .
- Examples of the chemical mutagen which can be used include EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) , diethyl sulfate and NTG (N- methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) .
- Examples of the physical mutagen which can be used include ultraviolet ray, gamma ray and X-ray each in an amount of inducing mutagenesis.
- Examples of the method for preparing a mutant strain stock include a method where Bacillus subtilis grown until the logarithmic growth phase in a nutrient culture medium, such as Nutrient Broth (produced by Difco Laboratories) are harvested, washed and then suspended in a physiological saline, a mutagenesis-inducing amount of NTG is added to the suspension broth to induce mutagenesis, and the cells are again harvested, washed to remove NTG and again cultured in a nutrient culture medium such as Nutrient Broth (produced by Difco Laboratories) , thereby preparing a mutant strain stock.
- a nutrient culture medium such as Nutrient Broth (produced by Difco Laboratories)
- the mutant strain stock is appropriately diluted and spread on a plate culture medium prepared by adding agar to a culture medium such as Tryptose Blood Agar Base (TBAB; produced by Difco Laboratories) having added thereto an ovine blood and a mutant strain capable of producing Surfactin in a high concentration can be selected by comparing the sizes of clear zones formed around the colonies of grown Bacill us subtilis .
- TBAB Tryptose Blood Agar Base
- Surfactin of the present invention is illustrated with the case of soybean which is preferred among the beans.
- Bacillus subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) is cultured in a nutrient culture medium such as L culture medium containing 10 ppm of
- tetracycline at a temperature of 25 to 42°C, preferably from 28
- the obtained culture broth is inoculated in a concentration of 0.1 to 10 w/w%, preferably from 0.5 to 7 w/w%, more preferably from 1 to 5 w/w% in a culture medium containing soybean flour or an extract thereof as a nitrogen source, and
- the cells are cultured at a temperature of 25 to 42°C, preferably
- soybean flour or an extract thereof means soybean coarse grain obtained from pulverizing soybean or nonfat soybean granularly, pulverized soybean flour or an extract thereof such as hot water extract, or hydrolysate such as acid hydrolysate and enzyme hydrolysate, or the like.
- concentration of the soybean flour or an extract thereof is not particularly limited, however, since the production of Surfactin increases in proportion to the concentration of soybean flour or an extract thereof in the culture medium, the concentration is preferably 0.5 w/w% or more for obtaining a high production to some extent. However, if the concentration of soybean flour or an extract thereof is high, insufficient sterilization may result, therefore, it is preferred that the concentration of soybean flour or an extract thereof does not exceed 20 w/w% .
- the concentration of soybean flour or an extract thereof is from 0.5 to 20 w/w%, preferably from 2 to 15 w/w%, more preferably from 4 to 12 w/w%.
- the culture medium for use in the present invention may contain a catabolizable carbon source, a catabolizable nitrogen source and an inorganic salt, which are commonly used. If desired, an amino acid and/or a vitamin may also be further added.
- Examples of the catabolizable carbon source which can be used include glucose, maltose, sucrose, hydrolyzed starch, molasses, potato extract, malt, peat, vegetable oil, corn steep liquor, fructose, syrup, sugar, liquid sugar, invert sugar, alcohol, organic acid, organic acid salts, alkane and other general carbon sources. These may be used individually or in combination thereof. Among these, glucose and maltose are preferred.
- the catabolizable carbon source can be used usually in a concentration of 0.01 to 50 w/w%, preferably on the order of 1 to 40 w/w%.
- Examples of the catabolizable nitrogen source which can be used include ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate and those containing inorganic or organic nitrogen, such as ammonia, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium glutamate, urea, peptone, meat extract, corn steep liquor, casein hydrolysate, feather meal and yeast extract . These may be used individually or in combination thereof. Among these, a yeast extract is preferred in view of the Surfactin productivity.
- the catabolizable nitrogen source is suitably used in a concentration of generally from 0.01 to 30 w/w%, preferably on the order of 0.1 to 10 w/w% .
- a cation or an anion is preferably added as an inorganic salt and examples thereof include potassium ion, sodium ion, magnesium ion, iron ion, manganese ion, calcium ion, zinc ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion, molybdenum ion, phosphate ion, sulfate ion, chloride ion and nitrate ion.
- the concentration added varies depending on the culturing conditions, however, it is usually from 0.01 to 5 w/w% for the phosphate, from 10 ppm to 2 w/w% for the magnesium salt and approximately from 0.1 ppm to 1,000 ppm for other salts.
- amino acid added examples include L-glycine, L- aranine, L-valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, L-serine, L- threonine, L-phenylaranine, L-tyrosine, L-cysteine, cystine, L-metyonine, L-tryptophan, L-histidine, L-proline, L- asparaginic acid, L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-arginine, L-lysine, D-valine and D-isoleucine and one or more thereof can be added.
- L-arginine and L-tryptophan are particularly preferred.
- the concentration added is from 0.001 to 5 w/w%, preferably on the order of 0.01 to 1 w/w% .
- the vitamin examples include biotin, thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, nicotinic acid, nicotinic acid amide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, myo-inositol, choline, folic acid, cobalamin and cyanocobalamin and one or more thereof can be added.
- the concentration added is from 0.1 to 100 ppm, preferably from 1 to 50 ppm.
- the culturing is performed by adding the above-described culture medium to a vessel such as test tube, flask or fermenter, under vigorous aeration. It is not particularly necessary to remove foam generated.
- insoluble matters originated therein are present, so that the culture medium can be free of high osmotic pressure as compared with a culture medium having added thereto a soluble ingredient in the same concentration.
- the insoluble matters are gradually solubilized and consumed during culturing, so that production by fermentation can be implemented in a culture medium containing a nutrient source in a high concentration and Surfactin can be produced in a high yield.
- the aeration is performed by strongly shaking the vessel and the initial pH of the culture medium is adjusted to 6.5 to 8.0.
- the culturing is performed with stirring while passing a sterilized air and when the culturing becomes difficult due to foaming, a commonly used antifoaming agent may be added.
- the culture medium is preferably maintained at a pH of 6 to 9, preferably from 6.5 to 8.0, more preferably from 6.9 to 7.5.
- the pH is adjusted by adding an aqueous basic solution such as an aqueous solution of ammonia, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
- sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia are preferably used.
- the concentration is preferably on the order of 20 w/w% for sodium hydroxide and from 8 to 25 w/w% for aqueous ammonia.
- Surfactin can be recovered and purified.
- the purification can be performed by a known method such that the culture broth is rendered acidic by adding sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid and the precipitated Surfactin is subjected to ultrafiltration, extraction with an organic solvent such as methanol or dichloromethane, treatment with an activated carbon or crystallization.
- an organic solvent such as methanol or dichloromethane
- precipitation by the addition of a calcium salt may be used.
- purified Surfactin can be obtained in an amount of from 6 to 40 g per 1 L of the culture medium.
- the Surfactin obtained according to the present invention can be used, for example, in the field of detergent, emulsifier, wetting agent, dispersant, solubilizing agent, antistatic agent, anticlouding agent, lubricant, pipe resistance lowering agent and the like, and is effective for cosmetics, food, medical preparations, agricultural chemicals, ink and the like.
- Example 1 Preparation of Bacillus subtilis transformant Bacillus subtilis MI113 (pC115) was inoculated in 50 ml of L culture medium (1 w/v% polypeptone, 0.5 w/v% yeast extract and 0.5 w/v% NaCl with the balance being water) having added
- plasmid pC115 was recovered by an alkali method (see, Molecular cloning a laboratory manual, second edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press) .
- PCR was performed to acquire a lpal4 gene fragment having a BamHI cut site at the 5' -terminal and the 3' -terminal, where the internal Hindi11 cut site was deleted and the amino acid sequence did not change.
- sequence ID No. 2 5 ' -CCCGGATCCGGACTAGTCTAGAGCTCTACGCGATCTCCGGGCGGGC-3 '
- the obtained lpal4 gene fragment and the plasmid pN1981 were each cut by BamHI (produced by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) and ligated, whereby Bacillus subtilis MI113 was transformed according to CICII method (see, Biseibutsu Idengaku Jikkenho,
- Bacillus subtilis transformant to be grown in an L plate culture medium having added thereto 10 ppm of tetracycline (1 w/v% polypeptone, 0.5 w/v% yeast extract and 0.5 w/v% NaCl, 2 w/v% agar with the balance being water) was obtained.
- Example 2 Preparation of Bacillus subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) The Bacillus subtilis transformant was inoculated in 5 ml of an L culture medium having added thereto 10 ppm of tetracycline
- v/v% in 5 mL of the same culture medium and cultured at 35°C and 300 rpm until the OD660 became 0.2. Thereafter, the cells were recovered by centrifugation and after discarding the supernatant, washed three times with 5 ml of a phosphate buffer saline (0.8% NaCl, 0.02% KC1, 0.144% Na 2 HP0 4 and 0.024% KH 2 P0 4 , the pH was adjusted to 7.4 by HC1) and again suspended in 0.5 ml of the same buffer solution.
- a phosphate buffer saline (0.8% NaCl, 0.02% KC1, 0.144% Na 2 HP0 4 and 0.024% KH 2 P0 4
- the cells were grown at 35°C overnight, 2.5 ml of an aqueous 50 w/w% glycerol solution was added, the resulting culture broth was dispensed aliquots of the broth into several vials for
- Example 3 Effect of nitrogen source on production of Surfactin in test tube culturing
- Bacillus subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) was streaked on an L plate culture medium having added thereto 10 ppm of tetracycline
- composition A (w/w%)
- the quantitation was performed based on a calibration curve configured using a standard sample of Surfactin (produced by Sigma-Aldrich Co . ) .
- the amount of Surfactin based on respective nitrogen sources is shown below.
- Bacillus subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) was streaked on an L plate culture medium having added thereto 10 ppm of tetracycline
- Composition B (w/w%)
- Composition C (w/w%)
- Composition D (w/w% )
- composition B 8 g/L
- Composition C 16 g/L
- Composition D 23 g/L
- Example 5 Production of Surfactin in a fermenter
- Bacillus subtilis SD901 (FERM BP-7666) was streaked on an L plate culture medium having added thereto 10 ppm of tetracycline
- one loop of cells were inoculated and cultured at 35°C and 150 rpm for 12 hours.
- 2 L of a culture medium having the following composition E was prepared, the culture broth in the L medium was added thereto and the cells
- composition E (w/w%)
- yeast extract 0 . 1% yeast extract
- the culture broth was sampled in time course and the Surfactin contained in the supernatant after the centrifugation was quantitated by HPLC method. The amount of Surfactin with each culturing time is shown below.
- Surfactin which is useful in the field over awide range, such as medical preparations, agricultural chemicals, food, cosmetics, chemical products, resources/energy and environment, can be produced using an inexpensive starting material for the culture medium in a by far higher concentration as compared with conventional processes.
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Priority Applications (6)
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US10/381,698 US7011969B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | Production process of surfactin |
EP01972599A EP1320595B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | Production process of surfactin |
AU2001292304A AU2001292304A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | Production process of surfactin |
DE60139789T DE60139789D1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | PROCESS FOR SURFACTINE PREPARATION |
KR10-2003-7004551A KR20030059162A (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | Production process of surfactin |
AT01972599T ATE441707T1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2001-09-28 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SURFACTIN |
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US60/258,560 | 2000-12-29 |
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WO2005123899A1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2005-12-29 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Fermentation process using faba beans as notrogen source |
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WO2013050700A2 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2013-04-11 | Université De Lille 1 - Sciences Et Technologies - Ustl | Bacillus sp. biosurfactants, composition including same, method for obtaining same, and use thereof |
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CN108823250A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-16 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of industrial fermentation production technology improving biosurfactant yield |
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CN110669811A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-10 | 天津大学 | Method for improving surfactant yield |
CN110699408A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-17 | 天津大学 | Method for improving surfactant yield by mixed fermentation |
CN113755551A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-07 | 天津科技大学 | Fermentation method for increasing yield of riboflavin |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002026961A3 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
AU2001292304A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 |
DE60139789D1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
US7011969B2 (en) | 2006-03-14 |
US20040043451A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 |
EP1320595B1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
ATE441707T1 (en) | 2009-09-15 |
EP1320595A2 (en) | 2003-06-25 |
KR20030059162A (en) | 2003-07-07 |
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