WO2002026723A1 - Compounds useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases - Google Patents

Compounds useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002026723A1
WO2002026723A1 PCT/GB2001/004350 GB0104350W WO0226723A1 WO 2002026723 A1 WO2002026723 A1 WO 2002026723A1 GB 0104350 W GB0104350 W GB 0104350W WO 0226723 A1 WO0226723 A1 WO 0226723A1
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Prior art keywords
formula
alkyl
compound
aryl
heteroaryl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2001/004350
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Rachael Anne Ancliff
Caroline Mary Cook
Colin David Eldred
Paul Martin Gore
Lee Andrew Harrison
Simon Teanby Hodgson
Duncan Bruce Judd
Suzanne Elaine Keeling
Xiao Qing Lewell
Graeme Michael Robertson
Stephen Swanson
Original Assignee
Glaxo Group Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0023973A external-priority patent/GB0023973D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0107643A external-priority patent/GB0107643D0/en
Priority to CA002423305A priority Critical patent/CA2423305A1/en
Priority to PL01362984A priority patent/PL362984A1/en
Priority to EP01970027A priority patent/EP1324991B1/en
Priority to IL15509201A priority patent/IL155092A0/en
Priority to AU2001290146A priority patent/AU2001290146A1/en
Priority to NZ525055A priority patent/NZ525055A/en
Application filed by Glaxo Group Limited filed Critical Glaxo Group Limited
Priority to DE60124576T priority patent/DE60124576T2/en
Priority to BR0114321-2A priority patent/BR0114321A/en
Priority to HU0303107A priority patent/HUP0303107A2/en
Priority to MXPA03002813A priority patent/MXPA03002813A/en
Priority to JP2002531107A priority patent/JP5069392B2/en
Priority to KR10-2003-7004593A priority patent/KR20030040510A/en
Priority to US10/381,871 priority patent/US7157457B2/en
Publication of WO2002026723A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002026723A1/en
Priority to NO20031443A priority patent/NO20031443L/en

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Definitions

  • Inflammation is a primary response to tissue injury or microbial invasion and is characterised by leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, diapedesis and activation within the tissue.
  • Leukocyte activation can result in the generation of toxic oxygen species (such as superoxide anion), and the release of granule products (such as peroxidases and proteases).
  • Circulating leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes.
  • Different forms of inflammation involve different types of infiltrating leukocytes, the particular profile being regulated by the profile of adhesion molecule, cytokine and chemotactic factor expression within the tissue.
  • leukocytes The primary function of leukocytes is to defend the host from invading organisms, such as bacteria and parasites. Once a tissue is injured or infected, a series of events occurs which causes the local recruitment of leukocytes from the circulation into the affected tissue. Leukocyte recruitment is controlled to allow for the orderly destruction and phagocytosis of foreign or dead cells, followed by tissue repair and resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate. However in chronic inflammatory states, recruitment is often inappropriate, resolution is not adequately controlled and the inflammatory reaction causes tissue destruction.
  • bronchial inflammation which is characteristic of asthma represents a specialised form of cell-mediated immunity, in which cytokine products, such as IL-4 and IL-5 released by Th2 T lymphocytes, orchestrate the accumulation and activation of granulocytes, in particular eosinophils and to a lesser extent basophils.
  • cytokine products such as IL-4 and IL-5 released by Th2 T lymphocytes
  • eosinophils Through the release of cytotoxic basic proteins, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxygen radicals, eosinophils generate mucosal damage and initiate mechanisms that underlie bronchial hyperreactivity. Therefore, blocking the recruitment and activation of Th2 cells and eosinophils is likely to have anti-inflammatory properties in asthma.
  • eosinophils have been implicated in other disease types such as rhinitis, eczema, irritable bowel syndrome and parasitic infections.
  • Chemokines are a large family of small proteins which are involved in trafficking and recruitment of leukocytes (for review see Luster, New Eng. J. Med., 338, 436-445
  • chemokines bind to specific cell surface receptors belonging to the family of G-prbtein-coupled seven transmembrane-domain proteins (for review see Luster, 1998). Activation of chemokine receptors results in, amongst other responses, an increase in intracellular calcium, changes in cell shape, increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules, degranulation and promotion of cell migration (chemotaxis).
  • CCR-1 to 9 9 members of CC chemokine receptors have been identified (CCR-1 to 9).
  • CCR- 3 CC-chemokine receptor-3
  • Chemokines that act at CCR-3 such as RANTES, MCP-3 and MCP-4, are known to recruit and activate eosinophils.
  • RANTES, MCP-3 and MCP-4 are known to recruit and activate eosinophils.
  • eotaxin and eotaxin-2 which specifically bind to CCR-3.
  • the localization and function of CCR-3 chemokines indicate that they play a central role in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma.
  • CCR-3 is specifically expressed on all the major cell types involved in inflammatory allergic responses.
  • Chemokines that act at CCR-3 are generated in response to inflammatory stimuli and act to recruit these cell types to sites of inflammation, where they cause their activation (e.g. Griffiths et al., J. Exp. Med., 179, 881-887 (1994), Lloyd et al., J. Exp. Med., 191 , 265-273 (2000)).
  • anti-CCR-3 monoclonal antibodies completely inhibit eotaxin interaction with eosinophils (Heath, H. e. al., (1997) J. Clin. Invest. 99 (2), 178-184), while an antibody for the CCR-3 specific chemokine, eotaxin, reduced both bronchial hyperreactivity and lung eosinophilia in an animal model of asthma
  • WO 00/31032 and WO 00/31033 disclose pyrrolidine, piperidine and piperazine based compounds which are all distinct from the compounds of the present invention.
  • WO 99/55324, WO 00/04003, WO 00/27800, WO 00/27835, WO 00/27843, WO 00/41685 and WO 00/53172 describe a variety of compounds as CCR-3 antagonists which are unrelated to the compounds of the present invention.
  • WO 00/34278 (Toray Industries Inc.) describe fused triazolo derived compounds as chemokine inhibitors.
  • WO 00/35449, WO 00/35451 , WO 00/35452, WO 00/35453, WO 00/35454, WO 00/35876 and WO 00/35877 (Du Pont Pharmaceuticals Company) describe N-ureidoalkyl and heterocyclic piperidine compounds as CCR-3 antagonists.
  • WO 00/51607 and WO 00/51608 describe a series of pyrrolidine modulators of chemokine receptor activity.
  • WO 00/53600 (Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.) describes piperidine derivatives as inhibitors at the CCR-3 receptor.
  • WO 01/14333 (AstraZeneca UK Ltd.) describe substituted piperidine compounds as modulators of chemokine receptor activity.
  • EP 0 760 362 (Nisshin Flour Milling Co. Ltd.) describes morpholinoalkylurea derivatives which are disclosed as being useful in the treatment of digestive tract diseases.
  • JP 04208267A (Mitsui Seiyaku Kogyo KK) also describes morpholinoalkylurea derivatives which are disclosed as being useful as antiemetics, for activating peristalsis and ameliorating gastrointestinal function.
  • EP 243959A (Dainippon Pharm KK) describes O-substituted N-morpholinyl-alkyl-benzamide derivatives useful as gastrointestinal motility enhancing agents.
  • JO 1117-882A (Dainippon Pharm KK) describes heterocyclic morpholinyl alkylenyl carboxamide derivatives useful as anti-emetics.
  • WO 00/71518 (Sepracor Inc) describes morpholinoalkylamide derivatives useful in the treatment of pain, drug addiction and tinnitus.
  • WO 97/48695 and WO 97/48397 describe pyridyl alkane, alkene and/or alkyne acid amide compounds useful as cytostatic, immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive agents.
  • CCR-3 antagonist compounds which block migration/chemotaxis of eosinophils, consequently effecting anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are therefore of potential therapeutic benefit, especially in providing protection from eosinophil, basophil and Th2-cell-induced tissue damage in diseases where such cell types are implicated, particularly allergic diseases, including but not limited to bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis.
  • chemokines and their receptors also play a role in infectious disease.
  • Mammalian cytomegaloviruses, herpes viruses and pox viruses express chemokine receptor homologues, which can be activated by human CC chemokines such as RANTES and MCP-3 (for review see Wells and Schwartz, Curr. Opin. Biotech., 8, 741-748, 1997).
  • human chemokine receptors such as CXCR-4,
  • CCR-5 and CCR-3 can act as co-receptors for the infection of mammalian cells by microbes such as human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV).
  • CCR-3 serves as a co-receptor for certain clinical strains of HIV-1 and facilitates viral entry (e.g Choe, H. e al, Cell, 1996, 85, 1135- 1148).
  • chemokine receptor antagonists including CCR-3 antagonists, may be useful in blocking infection of
  • CCR-3 expressing cells by HIV or in preventing the manipulation of immune cellular responses by viruses such as cytomegaloviruses.
  • R 1 represents C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-Y 1 -, aryl-(O),-aryl-Y 1 -, aryl-(O) r heteroaryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-(O),-aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-(O),-heteroaryl-Y 1 -, aryl- SO 2 -Y 1 -, C,. 6 alkyl-G-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-G-aryl-Y 1 -, J 1 -SO 2 -Y 1 -, R 17 O(CO)-C 2 .
  • R 3 represents hydrogen or C ⁇ alkyl; or R 1 and R 2 may together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a group of formula J 2 wherein said nitrogen atom substitutes for either X 1 or X 2 ; t represents 0 or 1.
  • X represents ethylene or a group of formula CR e R f wherein R e and R f independently represent hydrogen or C ⁇ alkyl or R e and R f may together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl group;
  • R 4 and R 5 independently represent hydrogen or C M alkyl;
  • Z represents a bond, CO, SO 2 , CR 10 R 7 (CH 2 ) n , (CH 2 ) n CR 10 R 7 , CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n O, CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n S,
  • R 6 represents C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 2 . 6 alkenyl-, -CN or a group of formula -Y 2 -J 3 ;
  • R 7 represents hydrogen, C M alkyl, CONR 8 R 9 or COOC ⁇ alkyl; a and b represent 1 or 2, such that a+b represents 2 or 3;
  • M represents a C ⁇ s cycloalkyl or C 3 . 8 cycloalkenyl group fused to a monocyclic aryl or monocyclic heteroaryl group;
  • J 1 , J 2 and J 3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
  • X 1 represents oxygen, NR 11 or sulphur
  • X 2 represents CH 2
  • m 1 represents an integer from 1 to 3
  • m 2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, provided that m 1 +m 2 is in the range from 3 to 5, also provided that when both X 1 and X 2 represent oxygen
  • NR 11 , NR 12 or sulphur, m 1 and m 2 must both not equal less than 2, wherein K is optionally substituted by one or more (eg. 1 or 2) -Y 3 -aryl, -Y 3 -heteroaryl, -Y 3 -CO-aryl, -COC ⁇ cycloalkyl, -Y 3 -CO-heteroaryl, -C ⁇ alkyl, -Y ⁇ COOC LS alkyl, -Y'-COC ⁇ alkyl, -Y 3 -W, -Y 3 -CO- W, -Y 3 -NR 15 R 16 , -Y 3 -CONR 15 R 16 , hydroxy, oxo, -Y 3 -SO 2 NR 15 R 16 , -Y ⁇ SO ⁇ -s alkyl, -Y 3 - SO 2 aryl, -Y 3 -SO 2 heteroaryl, -Y ⁇ NR 13 ⁇ alkyl, -Y
  • Y 3 -NR 13 COOR 14 or -Y 3 -OCONR 15 R 16 groups is optionally fused to a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring;
  • R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 independently represent hydrogen or C ⁇ alkyl
  • R 15 and R 16 independently represent hydrogen or C ⁇ alkyl or R 15 and R 16 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a morpholine, piperidine or pyrrolidine ring;
  • R 17 and R 18 independently represent hydrogen or C,. 6 alkyl;
  • W represents a saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic 5-7 membered ring containing between 1 and 3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, optionally substituted with one or more C.,- 6 alkyl, halogen or hydroxy groups;
  • Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 independently represent a bond or a group of formula -(CH 2 ) p CR°R d (CH 2 ) q - wherein R° and R ⁇ independently represent hydrogen or C 1 . 4 alkyl or R c and R d may together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C ⁇ cycloalkyl group, and p and q independently represent an integer from 0 to 5 wherein p + q is an integer from 0 to 5; and salts and solvates thereof.
  • R 2' represents hydrogen or lower alkyl (specifically C 1 . 4 alkyl); R 3' represents hydrogen; X' represents methylene or ethylene; a' and b' both represent 1 ; R 4' and R 5' both represent hydrogen; and wherein the moiety -Z'-R 6' represents halobenzyl (compounds of formula (l) a are described in JP 04208267 A); and/or the proviso that the compound of formula (I) is not a compound of formula (l) b :
  • R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C ⁇ alkyl group, a C 3 . 6 cycloalkyl group, a C 3 . 6 cycloalkylC ⁇ alkyl group, an aryl group or an arylC ⁇ alkyl group (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl) in which the aryl moiety of the aryl group or arylC ⁇ alkyl group may be- optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a C ⁇ alkyl group, a C,- 6 alkoxy group, a alkoxycarbonyl group or an amino group;
  • R 2" represents hydrogen;
  • R 3" represents hydrogen or C,- 6 alkyl;
  • X" represents methylene; a" and b" both represent 1 ;
  • R 4" and R 5" both represent hydrogen; and wherein the moiety -Z"-R 6" represents a C, ⁇ alkyl group, an arylC ⁇ alky
  • heteroaryl represents 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4- pyridyl or 1H-indol-3-yl
  • a preferred set of compounds include compounds of formula (I) wherein R 1 represents C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-Y 1 -, aryl-(O) r aryl-Y 1 -, aryl- (O) t -heteroaryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-(O) t -aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-(O) t -heteroaryl-Y 1 -, aryl- SO 2 -Y 1 -, C ⁇ alkyl-G-Y 1 -, J 1 -SO 2 -Y 1 -, R 17 O(CO)-C 2 . 6 alkenyl-Y 1 -, C 2 . 6 alkynyl-Y 1 -, C 2 . 6 alkenyl-Y 1 -, aryl-O-Y 1 -
  • J 1 , J 2 and J 3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
  • X 1 represents oxygen, NR 11 or sulphur
  • X 2 represents CH 2
  • m 1 represents an integer from 1 to 3
  • m 2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, provided that m 1 +m 2 is in the range from 3 to 5, also provided that when both X 1 and X 2 represent oxygen
  • NR 11 , NR 12 or sulphur, m 1 and m 2 must both not equal less than 2, wherein K is optionally substituted by one or more (eg. 1 or 2) -Y 3 -aryl, -Y 3 -heteroaryl, -Y 3 -CO-aryl, -Y 3 -CO- heteroaryl, -C,.
  • a preferred subset of compounds include compounds of formula (I) wherein R 1 represents C ⁇ alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, C 2 . 6 alkynyl, aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-Y 1 -, aryl-(O) r aryl-Y 1 -, aryl- (O) t -heteroaryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-(O) t -aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-(O) r heteroaryl-Y 1 -, C 2 .
  • Z represents a bond, CO, CR 10 R 7 (CH 2 ) n , CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n O, CHR 7 (CH 2 ) ⁇ S, CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n OCO,
  • J 1 , J 2 and J 3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
  • X 1 represents oxygen, nitrogen, NR 11 or sulphur
  • X 2 represents CH 2
  • m 1 represents an integer from 1 to 3
  • m 2 represents an integer from 1 to 3
  • K is optionally substituted by one or more (eg.
  • references to 'aryl' include references to monocyclic carbocyclic aromatic rings (eg. phenyl) and bicyclic carbocyclic aromatic rings (e.g. naphthyl) and references to
  • 'heteroaryl' include references to mono- and bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings containing 1-3 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. References to 'heteroaryl' may also be extended to include references to mono- and bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings containing 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Examples of monocyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include e.g. pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl.
  • monocyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl or imidazolyl.
  • bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include eg. quinolinyl or indolyl.
  • bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include benzimidazolyl.
  • Yet further examples of bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include dihydrobenzofuranyl and pyrrolopyridinyl.
  • Carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic rings may be optionally substituted, e.g. by one or more C,. 6 alkyl,
  • group M examples include tetrahydronaphthalenyl.
  • group W examples include piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl and piperazinyl which may be optionally substituted with one or more C.,- 6 alkyl, halogen, or hydroxy groups.
  • group J 1 examples include N-(COOCH 2 CH 3 )-piperidin-4-yl, N-(CH 3 )-piperidin-4- yl, N-(COCH 3 )-piperidin-4-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl or N-morpholinyl.
  • group J 1 examples include N-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl, N-(methylsulphonyl)- piperidin-4-yl, thiopyranyl and tetrahydrothienyl.
  • group J 2 examples include (4-phenyl)-piperidin-1-yl, (4-COOCH 2 CH 3 )-piperazin-
  • group J 3 examples include indolinyl, which may be optionally substituted.
  • references to alkyl include references to both straight chain and branched chain aliphatic isomers of the corresponding alkyl. It will be appreciated that references to alkylene and alkoxy shall be interpreted similarly.
  • references to C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl include references to all alicyclic (including branched) isomers of the corresponding alkyl.
  • 6 alkyl represents ethyl, propyl, -CH(CH 3 ) 2 or - C(CH 3 ) 3 ), M-Y 1 -, J 1 -Y 1 -, J 1 -CO-Y 1 -, aryl-SO 2 -Y 1 -, C M alkyl-G-Y 1 - (particularly wherein Cm alkyl represents methyl and G represents -NR 18 CO-, -CONR 18 -, -NR 18 SO 2 - or -SO 2 NR 18 -), heteroaryl-G-aryl-Y 1 - (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl and heteroaryl represents thiazolyl and G represents -NR 18 SO 2 -), J 1 -SO 2 -Y 1 - (particularly wherein J 1 represents 1- pyrrolidinyl), R 17 O(CO)-C 2 .
  • R 1 groups include C,- 6 alkyl, C 2 - 6 alkenyl, C 2 - 6 alkynyl, aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-Y 1 -, aryl-(O) t -aryl-Y 1 -, aryl-(O),-heteroaryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-(O) t -aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-(O) t -heteroaryl-Y 1 -, C 2 .
  • R 1 represents aryl-Y 1 -, heteroaryl-Y 1 , aryi-(O),-aryl-Y 1 -, C 3 - 8 cycloalkyl-Y 1 -, C 2 . 6 alkenyl-Y 1 - or C ⁇ alkyl-SOz-Y 1 - especially wherein aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted by one or more C ⁇ alkyl (especially methyl), halogen (especially chlorine, fluorine and bromine), CH 3 O-, CH 3 S-, F 2 CHO-, CH 3 OC(O)-, -CN, -CF 3 , CF 3 -S-, CF 3 -O-, or (CH 3 ) 2 N-, groups, and wherein heteroaryl represents pyridinyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms (especially chlorine) and wherein cycloalkyl represents cyclohexyl.
  • substituents of phenyl include -NHCOCH 3 and -CONH 2 .
  • substituents of phenyl include -SO 2 NH 2 , -CONHCH 3 , - OCH(CH 3 ) 2 , -OC(CH 3 ) 3 , -COOH, -CON(CH 3 ) 2 , -SO 2 CH 3 , -CONHCH 2 CH 3 , -CONHcyclopropyl and -SO 2 NHcyclopropyl.
  • R 1 represents C 2 . 6 alkynyl-Y 1 -.
  • R 1 represents aryl-Y 1 - wherein aryl represents phenyl optionally substituted by one or more C ⁇ alkyl (especially methyl), halogen (especially chlorine, fluorine and bromine), CH 3 O-, CH 3 S-, F 2 CHO-, CH 3 OC(O)-, - CN or -CF 3 groups.
  • aryl represents phenyl optionally substituted by one or more C ⁇ alkyl (especially methyl), halogen (especially chlorine, fluorine and bromine), CH 3 O-, CH 3 S-, F 2 CHO-, CH 3 OC(O)-, - CN or -CF 3 groups.
  • substituents of phenyl include -NHCOCH 3 and -
  • a yet further most preferred substituent of phenyl includes SO 2 NH 2 .
  • R 1 represents C 2 . 6 alkynyl-Y 1 - (particularly HC ⁇ C-Y ).
  • R 1 groups are aryl-Y 1 - and heteroaryl-Y 1 -, most especially wherein aryl represents phenyl and heteroaryl represents a 6 membered monocyclic heterocyclic aromatic ring (most particularly tetrazolyl) each of which may be optionally substituted as indicated above.
  • Preferred substituents of heteroaryl include -CH 3 , -CONH 2 , -CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , halogen (particularly chlorine), -OCH 3 , -COOCH 3 and -NH 2 .
  • R 1 represents phenyl-Y 1 - which phenyl is substituted with a -CONH 2 or -CONHCH 3 group and tetrazolyl-Y 1 - which tetrazolyl is substituted with a methyl group.
  • Y 1 represents a bond or C,. 6 alkylene, more preferably a bond, methylene or ethylene, propylene, -C(CH 3 ) 2 - or -CH(CH 3 )-, particularly a bond, methylene or ethylene, most preferably a bond or methylene, especially methylene.
  • Y 2 represents a bond
  • Y 3 represents a bond
  • R 2 represents hydrogen, methyl or hydroxypropyl, more preferably hydrogen or methyl, especially hydrogen.
  • R 3 represents hydrogen or methyl, especially hydrogen.
  • R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a group of formula J 2 wherein said nitrogen atom substitutes for either X 1 or X 2 .
  • X represents methylene.
  • R 4 and R 5 independently represent hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably, R 4 and R 5 represent hydrogen.
  • Z represents a bond, CO, CR 10 R 7 (CH 2 ) n , CHR 7 (CH 2 ) ⁇ O, CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n S, CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n OCO or CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n CO.
  • Z represents CO, CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n , CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n O, CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n S, CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n OCO or CHR 7 (CH 2 ) n CO, especially CH 2 CO, (CH 2 ) 2 , (CH 2 ) 2 S, (CH 2 ) 2 O, (CH 2 ) 2 OCO, (CH 2 ) 3 CO, CO, CHR 7 , particularly CH 2 , CHCH 3 or CH 2 CO, most particularly CH 2 or CH 2 CO, especially CH 2 .
  • R 6 represents C.,- 6 alkyl, C 2 .
  • R 6 alkenyl, CN, aryl, heteroaryl or a group of formula -Y 2 -J 3 , more preferably R 6 represents phenyl (optionally substituted with one or more halogen, phenyl or C 2 . 6 alkenyl groups), naphthyl, C,. 6 alkyl, C 2 . 6 alkenyl, CN or a 5 membered aromatic heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S optionally substituted by halogen or C ⁇ alkyl.
  • R 6 represents phenyl (optionally substituted with one or more halogen (especially chlorine, fluorine or iodine), phenyl or
  • R 6 represents indolinyl (especially indolin-1-yl) or else represents phenyl substituted by one or more halogen (eg. chlorine or fluorine) groups, particularly dichlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 5-chlorothiophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl and 3,4-difluorophenyl, most particularly dichlorophenyl, especially 3,4- dichlorophenyl.
  • halogen eg. chlorine or fluorine
  • R 7 represents hydrogen, methyl, COOC ⁇ alkyl or CONR 8 R 9 , more preferably hydrogen, COOC ⁇ alkyl or CONR 8 R 9 most preferably hydrogen, COOEt or CONR 8 R 9 , especially hydrogen.
  • R 8 and R 9 represent hydrogen.
  • R 10 represents hydrogen
  • R 11 and R 12 independently represent hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 13 and R 14 independently represent hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 15 and R 16 independently represent hydrogen or methyl or R 15 and R 16 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a morpholine, piperidine or pyrrolidine ring, especially hydrogen or methyl.
  • R 17 represents hydrogen
  • R 18 represents hydrogen
  • R 19 and R 20 independently represent hydrogen, C ⁇ alkyl or C 3 . 8 cycloalkyl, especially hydrogen, cyclopropyl or methyl. Particularly, R 19 and R 20 represent hydrogen.
  • R° represents hydrogen or methyl, particularly hydrogen.
  • R d represents hydrogen or methyl, particularly hydrogen.
  • a and b both represent 1. 13
  • n 0, 1 or 2.
  • p + q equals an integer from 0 to 2, more preferably, p and q independently represent 0 or 1 such that p + q equals an integer from 0 to 1.
  • t represents 0.
  • W represents pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, especially pyrrolidinyl.
  • X 1 represents oxygen, nitrogen or NR 11 .
  • X 2 represents CH 2 , oxygen, nitrogen or NR 12 .
  • m and m 2 independently represent an integer from 1 to 2, such that m 1 + m 2 is in the range from 3 to 4.
  • J 1 represents piperidinyl (particularly piperidin-4-yl) or tetrahydropyranyl (particularly tetrahydropyran-4-yl) optionally substituted by one or two - COOCH 2 CH 3 , -COOtBu, -CH 3 , -COCH 3 , -SO 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , -SO 2 CH 3 , -COPhenyl or 3, 5- dimethylisoxazol-4-ylsulphonyl groups.
  • J 1 represents morpholinyl, thiopyranyl or tetrahydrothienyl which may be optionally substituted as above (particularly dioxidotetrahydrothienyl).
  • substituents for J 1 include -CH 2 -aryl (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, eg. dichlorophenyl), - COcyclopropyl or -Y 3 -SO 2 heteroaryl (particularly wherein heteroaryl represents dimethylisoxazolyl).
  • J 2 represents piperidinyl (particularly piperidin-1-yl), morpholinyl
  • J 2 also represents thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl or benzazepinyl optionally substituted in a similar manner.
  • J 2 includes halogen (particularly fluorine), - COOCH 2 CH 3 , -CO-furoyl, -SO 2 CH 3 , -pyridinyl-CH 3 or oxo groups.
  • J 3 represents indolinyl, particularly indolin-1-yl.
  • Suitable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include physiologically acceptable salts and salts which may not be physiologically acceptable but may be useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
  • acid addition salts may be derived from inorganic or organic acids, for example hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, phosphates, acetates, benzoates, citrates, succinates, lactates, tartrates, fumarates, maleates, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoates, palmoates, methanesulphonates, formates or trifluoroacetates.
  • solvates include hydrates.
  • a process according to the invention for preparing a compound of formula (I) comprises:
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , X, a and b are as defined above, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula L 1 -Z-R 6 , wherein Z and R 6 are as defined above and L 1 represents a suitable leaving group; or
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , Z, X, a and b are as defined above or a protected derivative thereof and L 2 represents a suitable leaving group, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (V)
  • R 1 and R 2 are as defined above and L 3 represents a suitable leaving group, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (III), or a protected derivative thereof; or
  • R 1Q represents hydrogen, which comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) or a protected derivative thereof with a compound of formula R 7 CO(CH 2 ) n R 6 , followed by reduction of the resultant imine; or
  • G represents -NR 18 CO-, which comprises reacting a compound of formula (VII)
  • Process (a) may be performed in the presence of an inert solvent eg. N,N- dimethylformamide optionally in the presence of a base such as N,N-diisopropylethylamine at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature.
  • suitable leaving groups (L ) include halogen, eg. chlorine.
  • Process (b) may be performed in the presence of an inert solvent eg dichloromethane at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature.
  • an inert solvent eg dichloromethane at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature.
  • Processes (c) and (d) may typically be performed in the presence of a suitable base eg. pyridine at a suitable temperature e.g. 110°C, wherein leaving groups L 2 and L 3 may represent 4-nitrophenoxy.
  • a suitable base eg. pyridine at a suitable temperature e.g. 110°C
  • leaving groups L 2 and L 3 may represent 4-nitrophenoxy.
  • suitable conditions may involve the use of N,N-diisopropylethylamine as a suitable base and dichloromethane or N, N-dimethylformamide as a suitable solvent.
  • processes (c) and (d) may be performed with a suitable additive e.g. N-methylpyrrolidinone in a microwave oven, for example at a power of 600W for 5 min.
  • suitable leaving groups include imidazolyl.
  • L 2 or L 3 represent imidazolyl
  • suitable conditions comprise the use of 1 ,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in suitable solvents such as dichloromethane and N, N-dimethylformamide at a suitable temperature, e.g. between O°C and 22°C.
  • Suitable amine protecting groups include sulphonyl (e.g. tosyl), acyl (e.g. benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl) and arylalkyl (e.g. benzyl), which may be removed by hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis as appropriate.
  • Suitable amine protecting groups include trifluoroacetyl (-COCF 3 ) which may be removed by base catalysed hydrolysis or a solid phase resin bound benzyl group, such as a Merrifield resin bound 2,6- dimethoxybenzyl group (Ellman linker) or a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[2- (polystyrylmethoxy)ethoxy]benzyl group, which may be removed by acid catalysed hydrolysis, for example with trifluoroacetic acid.
  • a solid phase resin bound benzyl group such as a Merrifield resin bound 2,6- dimethoxybenzyl group (Ellman linker) or a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[2- (polystyrylmethoxy)ethoxy]benzyl group, which may be removed by acid catalysed hydrolysis, for example with trifluoroacetic acid.
  • Process (f) may be performed using conventional interconversion procedures such as epimerisation, oxidation, reduction, alkylation, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, ester hydrolysis or amide bond formation.
  • Alternative conditions for process (f) include t- butoxycarbonyl group addition or removal and sulphonylation.
  • Process (g) may be performed in an identical manner to the conditions described above for processes (c) and (d).
  • Process (h) may be performed in the presence of a suitable acid, eg. acetic acid and a suitable reducing agent, eg. sodium triacetoxyborohydride in a suitable solvent, eg. dichloromethane at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
  • a suitable acid eg. acetic acid and a suitable reducing agent, eg. sodium triacetoxyborohydride
  • a suitable solvent eg. dichloromethane
  • Process (i) may be performed in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent, eg. 1 ,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and a suitable solvent, eg. N, N-dimethylformamide at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
  • a suitable coupling reagent eg. 1 ,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and a suitable solvent, eg. N, N-dimethylformamide
  • R 1 is as defined above and P 1 is a suitable protecting group, eg. benzyl.
  • Step (i) typically comprises the use of an inert solvent eg dichloromethane at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature.
  • Step (ii) typically comprises a simple deprotection reaction, eg. which may comprise the use of 10% palladium on activated carbon in the presence of ammonium formate and a suitable solvent, eg. ethanol.
  • a suitable solvent eg. ethanol.
  • Compounds of formula (ll) a as the S-isomer, wherein R 1 is as defined above, may be prepared by an analogous process.
  • step (i) may be carried out in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane in the presence of a base such as triethylamine at a suitable temperature such as room temperature.
  • step (i) may be carried out in a suitable solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide at a suitable temperature such as room temperature.
  • a suitable solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide
  • L 2 and L 4 may represent imidazole
  • step (i) may be carried out with 1 ,1'-carbonyldiimidazole, in a suitable solvent e.g. a mixture of dichloromethane and N,N'-dimethylformamide at a suitable temperature e.g. between 0°C and 22°C .
  • Step (i) comprises the use of a suitable solvent eg. N,N- dimethylformamide in the presence of suitable reagents eg. sodium iodide and potassium carbonate at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature.
  • Step (ii) comprises deprotection under conventional conditions appropriate for the protecting groups.
  • P 2 represents - COCF 3
  • deprotection may be achieved by the use of water and methanol in the presence of potassium carbonate at room temperature.
  • Compounds of formula (III) wherein Z represents CR 10 R 7 (CH 2 ) n (wherein R 10 represents hydrogen) may also be prepared by reductive amination of compounds of formula (XI) in an analogous manner to that described in process
  • Step (i) comprises heating in the absence of solvent at between 50 and 60°C.
  • Step (ii) comprises heating with 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1 H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione at 80°C under nitrogen, followed by stirring with concentrated sulphuric acid at 150°C.
  • Step (i) comprises heating a compound of formula (XIV; Merrifield Resin) with sodium carbonate in a suitable solvent eg. dimethylsulphoxide at a suitable temperature eg. 150°C.
  • Step (ii) comprises reacting a compound of formula (XV) with a compound of formula (XVI) in the presence of a suitable solvent eg. tetrahydrofuran at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature.
  • Step (iii) comprises the use of suitable solvent eg. N,N- dimethylformamide and a suitable base eg. N,N-diisopropylethylamine at a suitable temperature eg. 70°C, followed by deprotection under conventional conditions appropriate for the Merrifield resin protecting group eg. acid catalysed hydrolysis.
  • L 2 represents a suitable leaving group, eg. 4-nitrophenoxy and P 3 represents a suitable protecting group eg. C ⁇ alkyl, preferably t-butyl.
  • Step (i) typically comprises the use of a suitable base, eg. N,N- diisopropylethylamine and a suitable solvent, eg. dichloromethane at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
  • a suitable base eg. N,N- diisopropylethylamine
  • a suitable solvent eg. dichloromethane
  • Step (ii) typically comprises the use of a suitable acidic reagent, eg. 4M hydrogen chloride in dioxane at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
  • a suitable acidic reagent eg. 4M hydrogen chloride in dioxane at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
  • Compounds of the invention may be tested for in vitro and in vivo biological activity in accordance with the following assays:
  • CCR-3 Binding Assay A CCR-3 competition binding SPA (scintillation proximity assay) was used to assess the affinity of novel compounds for CCR-3.
  • Membranes prepared from K562 cells stably expressing CCR-3 (2.5 ⁇ g/well) were mixed with 0.25mg/well wheat-germ agglutinin SPA beads (Amersham) and incubated in binding buffer (HEPES 50 mM, CaCI 2 1 mM, MgCI 2 5 mM, 0.5% BSA) at 4°C for 1.5 hr.
  • Eosinophils were purified from human peripheral blood by standard CD16 cell depletion using a Miltenyi cell separation column and a magnetic Super Macs magnet as previously described (Motegi & Kita, 1998; J.lmmunology. 161 :4340-6). Cells were re-suspended in RPMI 1640/10% FCS solution and incubated with calcein-AM (Molecular Probes) at 37°C for 30 mins. Following incubation, the eosinophils were centrifuged at 400g for 5 min and re-suspended in RPMI/FCS at 2.2 million/ml.
  • Hyper-reactivity of the airways to the thromboxane mimetic U46619 was measured 24 hours after ovalbumin challenge in unrestrained animals using a whole body plethysmograph (Buxco Ltd., USA). The guinea pigs were then sacrificed and the lungs lavaged. Total and differential leukocyte counts were then obtained for the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the percentage reduction in eosinophil accumulation determined (Sanjar ef al., 1992). Data was presented as the inhibitory effect of the specified dose expressed as a percentage of the vehicle control response.
  • Examples of disease states in which the compounds of the invention have potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory effects include diseases of the respiratory tract such as bronchitis (including chronic bronchitis), asthma (including allergen-induced asthmatic reactions), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and rhinitis.
  • diseases of the respiratory tract such as bronchitis (including chronic bronchitis), asthma (including allergen-induced asthmatic reactions), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and rhinitis.
  • Another disease of the respiratory tract in which the compounds of the invention have potentially beneficial effects is sinusitis.
  • Other relevant disease states include diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as intestinal inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) and intestinal inflammatory diseases secondary to radiation exposure or allergen exposure.
  • compounds of the invention may be used to treat nephritis, skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, allergic dermatitis and hypersensitivity reactions and diseases of the central nervous system which have an inflammatory component eg. Alzheimer's disease, meningitis, multiple sclerosis and AIDS dementia.
  • Compounds of the present invention may also be of use in the treatment ofnasal polyposis, conjunctivitis or pruritis.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be of use in the treatment of viral diseases such as HIV.
  • cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
  • Other diseases for which the compounds of the present invention may be beneficial are other hypereosinophilic diseases such as Churg-strauss syndrome.
  • eosinophilia is commonly found in parasitic diseases, especially helminth infections, and thus the compounds of the present invention may be useful in treating inflammation arising from hyper-eosinophilic states of diseases such as hydatid cyst (Echinococcus sp.), tapeworm infections (Taenia sp.), blood flukes (schistosomiasis), and nematode (round worms) infections such as:- Hookworm (Ancylostoma sp.), Ascaris, Strongyloides, Trichinella, and particularly lymphatic filariasis including Onchocerca, Brugia, Wucheria (Elephantiasis).
  • Compounds of the invention may be useful as immunosuppressive agents and so have use in the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as allograft tissue rejection after transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes.
  • Compounds of the invention may also be useful in inhibiting metastasis.
  • Diseases of principal interest include asthma, COPD and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract involving seasonal and perennial rhinitis.
  • Preferred diseases of principle interest include asthma and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract involving seasonal and perennial rhinitis.
  • Further diseases also of principle interest include inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as inflammatory bowel disease.
  • compounds of formula (I) are useful as pharmaceuticals, in particular as anti-inflammatory agents.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use as pharmaceuticals, particularly in the treatment of patients with inflammatory conditions, eg. asthma or rhinitis.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of patients with inflammatory conditions, eg. asthma or rhinitis.
  • a method for the treatment of a human or animal subject with an inflammatory condition eg. asthma or rhinitis, which method comprises administering to said human or animal subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
  • compositions for use in anti-inflammatory therapy comprising a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof together, if desirable, with one or more physiologically acceptable diluents or carriers.
  • the compounds according to the invention may, for example, be formulated for oral, inhaled, intranasal, buccal, parenteral or rectal administration, preferably for oral administration.
  • Tablets and capsules for oral administration may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, mucilage of starch, cellulose or polyvinyl pyrrolidone; fillers, for example, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sugar, maize- starch, calcium phosphate or sorbitol; lubricants, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example, potato starch, croscarmellose sodium or sodium starch glycollate; or wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate.
  • binding agents for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, mucilage of
  • Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
  • Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example, sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose, glucose/sugar syrup, gelatin, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats; emulsifying agents, for example, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters, propylene glycol or ethyl alcohol; or preservatives, for example, methyl or propyl p_- hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid.
  • the preparations may also contain buffer salts, flavouring, colouring and/or sweetening agents (e.g. mannitol) as appropriate.
  • compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
  • the compounds may also be formulated as suppositories, e.g. containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
  • the compounds according to the invention may also be formulated for parenteral administration by bolus injection or continuous infusion and may be presented in unit dose form, for instance as ampoules, vials, small volume infusions or pre-filled syringes, or in multi-dose containers with an added preservative.
  • the compositions may take such forms as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions in aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as anti-oxidants, buffers, antimicrobial agents and/or tonicity adjusting agents.
  • the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
  • the dry solid presentation may be prepared by filling a sterile powder aseptically into individual sterile containers or by filling a sterile solution aseptically into each container and freeze-drying.
  • compositions according to the invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic agents, for example anti-inflammatory agents (such as corticosteroids (e.g. fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate, mometasone furoate, triamcinolone acetonide or budesonide) or NSAIDs (eg.
  • corticosteroids e.g. fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate, mometasone furoate, triamcinolone acetonide or budesonide
  • NSAIDs eg.
  • beta adrenergic agents such as salmeterol, salbutamol, formoterol, fenoterol or terbutaline and salts thereof
  • anti-histamines eg methapyrilene or loratadine
  • antiinfective agents eg. antibiotics, antivirals
  • the compounds of the present invention are administered in combination with other therapeutic agents normally administered by the inhaled or intranasal route, that the resultant pharmaceutical composition may be administered by the inhaled or intranasal route.
  • Compounds of the invention may conveniently be administered in amounts of, for example, 0.001 to 500mg/kg body weight, preferably 0.01 to 500mg/kg body weight, more preferably 0.01 to 100mg/kg body weight, 1 to 4 times daily.
  • the precise dose will of course depend on the age and condition of the patient and the particular route of administration chosen.
  • the compounds of the invention have the advantage that they may be more efficacious, show greater selectivity, have fewer side effects, have a longer duration of action, be more bioavailable when administered by the oral route, have more ready and economic synthesis, or have other more desirable properties than similar known compounds.
  • Mass Directed Automated Preparative HPLC column, conditions and eluent Mass directed automated preparative high performance liquid chromatography was carried out using an LCABZ+ 5 ⁇ m (5cm x 10mm internal diameter) column, employing gradient elution using two solvent systems, (A) 0.1% formic acid in water, and (B) 95% acetonitrile and 0.5% formic acid in water, at a flow rate of 8ml min "1 .
  • Mass spectrometry was carried out using a VG Platform Mass Spectrometer, with an HP1100 Diode Array Detector and Accurate Flow Splitter.
  • LC/MS System Three alternative Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (LC/MS) Systems were used: System A
  • This system used an 3 ⁇ m ABZ+PLUS (3.3cm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column, eluting with solvents:A - 0.1 %v/v formic acid + 0.077% w/v ammonium acetate in water; and B - 95:5 acetonitrile:water + 0.05%v/v formic acid, at a flow rate of 3 ml per minute.
  • the following gradient protocol was used: 100% A for 0.7mins; A+B mixtures, gradient profile 0 - 100% B over 3.5mins; hold at 100%B for 1.1 mins; return to 100% A over 0.2mins.
  • This system used an 3 ⁇ m ABZ+PLUS (3.3cm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column, eluting with solvents:A - 0.1%v/v formic acid + 0.077% w/v ammonium acetate in water; and B - 95:5 acetonitrile:water + 0.05%v/v formic acid, at a flow rate of 1 ml per minute.
  • the following gradient protocol was used: 100%) A for LOmin; A+B mixtures, gradient profile 0 -
  • This system used an 3 ⁇ m ABZ+PLUS (3.3cm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column, eluting with solvents:A - 0.1%o v/v formic acid + 0.077% w/v ammonium acetate in water; and B - 95:5 acetonitrile:water + 0.05%v/v formic acid, at a flow rate of 1 ml per minute.
  • the following gradient protocol was used: 100% A for 2.0mins; A+B mixtures, gradient profile 0 - 100% B over 20mins; hold at 100%B for ⁇ .Omins; return to 100% A over 2.0mins; hold at 100% A for 1.0mins.
  • All LC/MS systems used a micromass spectrometer, with electrospray ionisation mode, positive and negative ion switching, mass range 80-1000 a.m.u.
  • Thermospray Mass Spectra were determined on a HP 5989A engine mass spectrometer, +ve thermospray, source temperature 250°C, probe temperatures 120°C (stem), 190°C (tip), detection mass range 100-850 a.m.u. Compounds were injected in 10 ⁇ l of a mixture of solvents comprising 65% methanol and 35% 0.05M aqueous ammonium acetate, at a flow rate of 0.7ml/min.
  • Normal Phase Automated Preparative HPLC Column - conditions Normal phase automated preparative high performance liquid chromatography (normal phase autoprep HPLC) was carried out using a Nucleosil silica 5 ⁇ m (100mm x 20mm internal diameter) column eluted with an ethyl acetate: heptane two-step gradient (i) 0% to
  • Normal phase automated analytical high performance liquid chromatography (normal phase analytical HPLC) was carried out using a Nucleosil silica 3 ⁇ m (150mm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column eluted with an ethyl acetate: heptane two-step gradient (i) 0% to 40% ethyl acetate over 7 min followed by (ii) 40% to 100% ethyl acetate over 2.5 min; at a flow rate of 2ml/min.
  • This system used a 250 x4.6mm Chiralpak AD 10 ⁇ m column, eluting with absolute ethanokheptane mixtures at a flow rate of 1ml per minute, with UV detection at 215nm.
  • SCX' refers to Isolute Flash SCX-2 sulphonic acid solid phase extraction cartridges.
  • Organic/Aqueous phase separation with hydrophobic frits 'Hydrophobic frit' refers to a Whatman polypropylene filter tube fitted with a PTFE frit, pore size 5.0 ⁇ m.
  • Example 2 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
  • Example 3 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (19.1 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0318g).
  • Example 4 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-(3-methylbenzyl)urea
  • Example 4 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-3-methylbenzene (19.1 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0382g).
  • Example ⁇ N-(3-Cyanophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 5 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 3-isocyanatobenzonitrile (0.0196g) to give the title compound (0.02 ⁇ 7g).
  • Example 6 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-(2-methylbenzyl)urea
  • Example 6 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
  • Example 7 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and isocyanatocyclohexane (17.4 ⁇ l) to give the title compound
  • Example 8 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and (2-isocyanatoethyl)benzene (18.9 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0312g).
  • Example 10 N-Allyl-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 10 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 3-isocyanatoprop-1-ene (12.0 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.027g).
  • Example 11 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-(3-fluorophenyl)urea
  • Example 11 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 1-fluoro-3-isocyanatobenzene (1 ⁇ .6 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.019g).
  • Example 12 N-(3-Bromophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 12 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 1-bromo-3-isocyanatobenzene (17.0 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.03g).
  • Example 13 N-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 13 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-chloro-3-isocyanatobenzene (16.6 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0247g).
  • Example 14 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 14 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
  • Example 16 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-[4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea
  • Example 16 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
  • Example 17 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-(4-fluorophenyl)urea
  • Example 17 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-fluoro-4-isocyanatobenzene (15.5 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0311g).
  • Example 18 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-[3- (methylthio)phenyl]urea
  • Example 18 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 1-isocyanato-3-(methylthio)benzene (18.8 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.03 ⁇ 2g).
  • Example 19 N-(4-Chlor ⁇ phenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(1 -naphthylmethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • N-dimethylformamide (1ml) was addedl- (chloromethyl)naphthalene (6.1 ⁇ l).
  • the mixture was stirred at 22°C for 24h before tris-(2- aminoethyl)amine polystyrene (Argonaut Technologies, 0.01 g @ 4.46mmol/g) and polystyrene methyl isocyanate (Argonaut Technologies, 0.033g @ 1.39mmol/g) was added.
  • Example 20 N-(4-Bromophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 20 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-bromo-4-isocyanatobenzene (0.027g) to give the title compound (0.033g).
  • Example 21 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3-iodobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 21 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-iodobenzene (0.0121 g) to give the title compound (0.0087g).
  • Example 22 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-[3-
  • Example 22 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-isocyanato-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (18.8 ⁇ l) to give thetitle compound (0.0112g).
  • Example 23 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(2-naphthylmethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 23 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 2-(bromomethyl)naphthalene (0.009g) to give thetitle compound (0.0052g).
  • Example 24 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4- yl)urea
  • Example 24 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 2,6-dichloro-4-isocyanatopyridine (0.02 ⁇ 8g) to give the title compound (0.0165g).
  • Example 2 ⁇ N-(4-Cyanophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 2 ⁇ was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
  • Example 26 N- ⁇ [4-(3-Chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-(4-chlorophenyl)urea
  • Example 26 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-chlorobenzene (5.4 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0023g).
  • Example 27 N-[(4-But-3-enylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-N'-(4-chlorophenyl)urea
  • Example 27 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of
  • Example 28 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-( ⁇ 4-[2-(phenylthio)ethyl]morpholin-2-yl ⁇ methyl)urea
  • Example 28 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and [(2-bromoethyl)thiojbenzene (0.0089g) to give thetitle compound
  • Example 29 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(2-methoxyethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 29 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane (3.8 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0041 g).
  • LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.22mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 328 [MH + j.
  • Example 30 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,1'-biphenyl (0.0083g) to give the title compound (0.0052g).
  • Example 31 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-(1 -naphthyl)urea
  • Example 31 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 1-isocyanatonaphthalene (19.6 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0304g).
  • Example 32 N-(1 , 1 '-Biphenyi-4-yl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl ⁇ urea • ⁇
  • Example 32 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 4-isocyanato-1 ,1'-biphenyl (0.0266g) to give thetitle compound (0.0314g).
  • Example 33 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-y ⁇ methyl ⁇ -N'-(4- phenoxyphenyQurea
  • Example 33 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 1-isocyanato-4-phenoxybenzene (24.6 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0171 g).
  • Example 34 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'- ⁇ 4- [(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 34 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-isocyanato-4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]benzene (21.9 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0122g).
  • Example 35 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-isocyanato-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene (20.6 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0371 g).
  • Example 36 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 4-isocyanato-N,N-dimethylaniline (0.0221g) to give the title compound (0.031 g).
  • Example 37 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 2-chloro- ⁇ -(chloromethyl)thiophene (0.0068g) to give the title compound (0.0098g).
  • Example 38 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(4-vinylbenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 38 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 1-(chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene (0.0062g) to give the title compound (0.0071 g).
  • Example 39 2- ⁇ 2-[( ⁇ [(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ amin ⁇ )methyl]morpholin-4-yl ⁇ ethyl benzoate
  • Example 39 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 2-bromoethyl benzoate (6.5 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.007g).
  • Example 40 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-( ⁇ 4-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]morpholin-2- yl ⁇ methyl)urea
  • Example 40 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 1-(2-bromoethoxy)-4-fluorobenzene (0.0089g) to give the title compound (0.007g).
  • Example 41 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-( ⁇ 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]morpholin-2- yl ⁇ methyl)urea
  • Example 41 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 4-chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)butan-1-one (0.0089g) to give thetitle compound (0.0043g).
  • Example 42 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Intermediate 9 O.O ⁇ g
  • 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride 42.7mg
  • N, N-dimethylformamide 7.6
  • Example 44 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and ethyl bromo(phenyl)acetate (0.029g) to give thetitle compound (0.0372g).
  • Example 45 2- ⁇ 2-[( ⁇ [(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ amino)methyl]morpholin-4-yl ⁇ -2- phenylacetamide
  • Example 45 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 2-bromo-2-phenylacetamide (0.028g) to give thetitle compound (0.0296g).
  • Example 46 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(cyanomethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 46 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and bromoacetonitrile (2.8 ⁇ l) to give the title compound(0.0039g).
  • Example 48 N-(3-Chlorobenzyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 48 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 47 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)methanamine (9.6 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.0092g).
  • Example 49 N-(2-Chlorobenzyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 49 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 47 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02 ⁇ g) and 1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanamine (9.6 ⁇ l) to give the title compound (0.008g).
  • Example 60 N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 14 (racemic mixture, 0.040g) was separated into its single enantiomers of unknown configuration with a chiral preparative HPLC system. The separation was carried out using a
  • Example 51 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 50 yielding the title compound as a white solid (0.012g). Preparative HPLC retention time 11 min.
  • Example 52 N-[3-( ⁇ [( ⁇ t4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl ⁇ amino)carbonyl]amino ⁇ methyl)phenyl]acetamide formate
  • Example 52 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 10
  • Example ⁇ 3 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 47 from Intermediate 3
  • Example 54 4-( ⁇ [( ⁇ [(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl ⁇ amino)carbonyl]amino ⁇ methyl)benzamide
  • Example 54 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 13
  • Example ⁇ 4-( ⁇ [( ⁇ f(2R)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl ⁇ amino)carbony ⁇ amino ⁇ methyl)benzamide
  • Example 56 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 14
  • Example 56 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 10
  • Example 57 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 13
  • Example 58 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 14 (0.12g) and propargylamine (0.014g) using dichloromethane and triethylamine at a temperature of 22°C to yield the title compound (0.057g).
  • Example 105 Sodium hydroxide (0.09g) was added to a stirred solution of Example 105 (0.522g) in a mixture of water (5ml) and methanol ( ⁇ ml) at 20°C, and stirring was continued at 20°C for 18h.
  • the pH of the mixture was adjusted to approximately 6 by the addition of 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture was applied in two equal portions to ion exchange cartridges (10g Isolute SCX pre-conditioned with methanol). Elution with methanol (3 column volumes) followed 10% triethylamine in methanol (2 column volumes) and evaporation of the first basic fractions in vacuo gave the title compound as a tan solid (0.468g).
  • Example 125 N- ⁇ [(2S)-4-(2,3-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-prop-2-ynylurea
  • a solution of Intermediate 22 (0.024g) in dichloromethane (1ml) was stirred with Intermediate 20 (0.033g) and N,N-diisopropyiethylamine (0.022ml) for 3h at 23°C.
  • the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column) eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol.
  • Example 126 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 12 ⁇ from Intermediate 23, (0.030g). Further purification using a silica gel solid phase extraction cartridge (1g Varian Bond Elut), eluting with 0-6% methanol in ethyl acetate, gave the title compound as a clear gum (0.02 ⁇ g). LC/MS (System A) Rt 1.95 min Mass spectrum m/z 328 [MH + ].
  • Example 127 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 125 from Intermediate 19
  • Example 123 (0.050g), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.066g) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.116g) were stirred in N, N-dimethylformamide (4.2ml) and N,N-diisopropylethyiamine (0.132ml) was added to the mixture. Stirring was continued at 20°C until a clear solution was obtained. 2.0M methylamine in tetrahydrofuran (0.379ml) was added to a portion of the mixture (1.0ml) and the mixture was stirred at 20°C under nitrogen for 17h.
  • Methane sulphonyl chloride (0.009ml) was added to a solution of Intermediate 16 (0.04g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.048ml) in dichloromethane (3ml). The solution was stirred for 5h at 23°C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column) eluting with methanol followed by 10%
  • Example 161 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'- ⁇ 1-[(3,5- dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl ⁇ urea
  • Example 161 was made in an analogous manner to that of Example 160 LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.86mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 661 [MH+J.
  • Example 162 N-(1 -benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)-N'- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Benzoyl choride (0.014ml) was added to a solution of Intermediate 16 (0.04g) and N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.048ml) in dichloromethane (3ml). The solution was stirred for ⁇ h at 23°C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column) eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol.
  • the basic fraction was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was further purified using a silica gel solid phase extraction cartridge (1g Varian Bond Elut), eluting sequentially with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, and methanol, to give the title compound as a clear gum (0.024g).
  • Example 169 N- ⁇ [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ thiomorpholine-4- carboxamide 1 ,4-Thioxane (0.02g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.04ml) were added to a solution of Intermediate 10 (O.O ⁇ g) in dichloromethane (2ml). The mixture was stirred at 23°C for 16h, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (3ml), and the solution shaken with polystyrene methyl isocyanate resin (Argonaut Technologies, 0.14g, 1.45mmo(/g) for 2h.
  • Example 182 N- ⁇ [1 -(Cyclopropylcarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'- ⁇ [(2S)-4-(3,4- dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ urea
  • Example 185 4-[( ⁇ [( ⁇ (2S)-4-[1 -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)ethyijmorpholin-2- yl ⁇ methyl)amino]carbonyl ⁇ amino)methyl]benzamide, isomer II Intermediate 35 (0.045g) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was treated with N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.021ml) in a ⁇ ml vial (Pierce Reacti-VialTM) followed by 4- aminomethylbenzamide (0.017g). The mixture was sealed under nitrogen and stirred at room temperature for 18h.
  • Example 136 4-[( ⁇ [( ⁇ (2S)-4-[1 -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)ethyl]morpholin-2- yl ⁇ methyl)aminojcarbonyl ⁇ amino)methyl]benzamide, isomer I
  • Intermediate 34 (0.045g) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was treated with N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.021ml) in a ⁇ ml vial (Pierce Reacti-VialTM) followed by 4- aminomethylbenzamide (0.017g). The mixture was sealed under nitrogen and stirred at room temperature for 1 ⁇ h.
  • Example 187 4- ⁇ [( ⁇ [(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl1methyl ⁇ amino)carbonyl]amino ⁇ -N-methylbutanamide N.N'-carbonyldiimidazole (0.0132g) was added to a stirred solution of ntermediate 26
  • Example 188 3- ⁇ [( ⁇ [(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl ⁇ amino)carbonyl]amino ⁇ -N-methylpropane-1-sulfonamide
  • Example 188 was prepared in an analogous manner to that of Example 189 LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.20mins Mass Spectrum m/z 453 [MH+j.
  • Example 189 N- ⁇ [(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl ⁇ -N'-[3-(pyrrolidin-1 - ylsulfonyl)propyl]urea
  • Example 14 when tested in the ovalbumin sensitised guinea-pig in vivo model (assay (c); 0.2 - 20 mg/kg), showed inhibition of lung eosinophilia and bronchial hyperreactivity.

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Abstract

There are provided according to the invention, novel compounds of formula (I) wherein R?1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6¿, X a, b, and Z are as defined in the specification, processes for preparing them, formulations containing them and their use in therapy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Description

Compounds useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases
This invention relates to novel chemical compounds, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical formulations containing them and their use in therapy. Inflammation is a primary response to tissue injury or microbial invasion and is characterised by leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, diapedesis and activation within the tissue.
Leukocyte activation can result in the generation of toxic oxygen species (such as superoxide anion), and the release of granule products (such as peroxidases and proteases). Circulating leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Different forms of inflammation involve different types of infiltrating leukocytes, the particular profile being regulated by the profile of adhesion molecule, cytokine and chemotactic factor expression within the tissue.
The primary function of leukocytes is to defend the host from invading organisms, such as bacteria and parasites. Once a tissue is injured or infected, a series of events occurs which causes the local recruitment of leukocytes from the circulation into the affected tissue. Leukocyte recruitment is controlled to allow for the orderly destruction and phagocytosis of foreign or dead cells, followed by tissue repair and resolution of the inflammatory infiltrate. However in chronic inflammatory states, recruitment is often inappropriate, resolution is not adequately controlled and the inflammatory reaction causes tissue destruction. There is increasing evidence that the bronchial inflammation which is characteristic of asthma represents a specialised form of cell-mediated immunity, in which cytokine products, such as IL-4 and IL-5 released by Th2 T lymphocytes, orchestrate the accumulation and activation of granulocytes, in particular eosinophils and to a lesser extent basophils. Through the release of cytotoxic basic proteins, pro-inflammatory mediators and oxygen radicals, eosinophils generate mucosal damage and initiate mechanisms that underlie bronchial hyperreactivity. Therefore, blocking the recruitment and activation of Th2 cells and eosinophils is likely to have anti-inflammatory properties in asthma. In addition, eosinophils have been implicated in other disease types such as rhinitis, eczema, irritable bowel syndrome and parasitic infections.
Chemokines are a large family of small proteins which are involved in trafficking and recruitment of leukocytes (for review see Luster, New Eng. J. Med., 338, 436-445
(1998)). They are released by a wide variety of cells and act to attract and activate various cell types, including eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes. There are two major families of chemokines, CXC- (α) and CC- (β) chemokines, classified according to the spacing of two conserved cysteine residues near to the amino terminus of the chemokine proteins. Chemokines bind to specific cell surface receptors belonging to the family of G-prbtein-coupled seven transmembrane-domain proteins (for review see Luster, 1998). Activation of chemokine receptors results in, amongst other responses, an increase in intracellular calcium, changes in cell shape, increased expression of cellular adhesion molecules, degranulation and promotion of cell migration (chemotaxis).
To date, 9 members of CC chemokine receptors have been identified (CCR-1 to 9). Of particular importance to the current invention is the CC-chemokine receptor-3 (CCR- 3), which is predominantly expressed on eosinophils, and also on basophils, mast cells and Th2 cells (Luster, 1998). Chemokines that act at CCR-3, such as RANTES, MCP-3 and MCP-4, are known to recruit and activate eosinophils. Of particular interest are eotaxin and eotaxin-2, which specifically bind to CCR-3. The localization and function of CCR-3 chemokines indicate that they play a central role in the development of allergic diseases such as asthma. Thus, CCR-3 is specifically expressed on all the major cell types involved in inflammatory allergic responses. Chemokines that act at CCR-3 are generated in response to inflammatory stimuli and act to recruit these cell types to sites of inflammation, where they cause their activation (e.g. Griffiths et al., J. Exp. Med., 179, 881-887 (1994), Lloyd et al., J. Exp. Med., 191 , 265-273 (2000)). In addition, anti-CCR-3 monoclonal antibodies completely inhibit eotaxin interaction with eosinophils (Heath, H. e. al., (1997) J. Clin. Invest. 99 (2), 178-184), while an antibody for the CCR-3 specific chemokine, eotaxin, reduced both bronchial hyperreactivity and lung eosinophilia in an animal model of asthma
(Gonzalo et al., J. Exp. Med., 188, 157-167 (1998). Thus, many lines of evidence indicate that antagonists at the CCR-3 receptor are very likely to be of therapeutic use for the treatment of a range of inflammatory conditions.
A number of patent applications relating to CCR-3 antagonists have published before the filing date of this application. For example, EP 0 903 349, FR 2785902, WO 00/29377,
WO 00/31032 and WO 00/31033 (all in the name of F.Hoffmann-La-Roche AG) disclose pyrrolidine, piperidine and piperazine based compounds which are all distinct from the compounds of the present invention. WO 99/55324, WO 00/04003, WO 00/27800, WO 00/27835, WO 00/27843, WO 00/41685 and WO 00/53172 (all in the name of SmithKline Beecham Corporation) describe a variety of compounds as CCR-3 antagonists which are unrelated to the compounds of the present invention.
WO 00/34278 (Toray Industries Inc.) describe fused triazolo derived compounds as chemokine inhibitors. WO 00/35449, WO 00/35451 , WO 00/35452, WO 00/35453, WO 00/35454, WO 00/35876 and WO 00/35877 (Du Pont Pharmaceuticals Company) describe N-ureidoalkyl and heterocyclic piperidine compounds as CCR-3 antagonists.
WO 00/51607 and WO 00/51608 (Merck & Co. Inc.) describe a series of pyrrolidine modulators of chemokine receptor activity.
WO 00/53600 (Banyu Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.) describes piperidine derivatives as inhibitors at the CCR-3 receptor.
WO 01/14333 (AstraZeneca UK Ltd.) describe substituted piperidine compounds as modulators of chemokine receptor activity. EP 0 760 362 (Nisshin Flour Milling Co. Ltd.) describes morpholinoalkylurea derivatives which are disclosed as being useful in the treatment of digestive tract diseases.
JP 04208267A (Mitsui Seiyaku Kogyo KK) also describes morpholinoalkylurea derivatives which are disclosed as being useful as antiemetics, for activating peristalsis and ameliorating gastrointestinal function. EP 243959A (Dainippon Pharm KK) describes O-substituted N-morpholinyl-alkyl-benzamide derivatives useful as gastrointestinal motility enhancing agents.
JO 1117-882A (Dainippon Pharm KK) describes heterocyclic morpholinyl alkylenyl carboxamide derivatives useful as anti-emetics.
WO 00/71518 (Sepracor Inc) describes morpholinoalkylamide derivatives useful in the treatment of pain, drug addiction and tinnitus.
WO 97/48695 and WO 97/48397 (Klinge Pharma Gmbh) describe pyridyl alkane, alkene and/or alkyne acid amide compounds useful as cytostatic, immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive agents.
Kato et al., (1992) Chem. Pharm. Bull. 40(3), 652-660, Kato et al., (1991) J. Med. Chem. 34(2), 616-624 and Kato et al., (1990) J. Med. Chem.33(5), 1406-1413 describe a series of morpholine benzamides which are disclosed as being selective and potent gastrokinetic agents.
We have now found a novel group of CCR-3 antagonist compounds which block migration/chemotaxis of eosinophils, consequently effecting anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are therefore of potential therapeutic benefit, especially in providing protection from eosinophil, basophil and Th2-cell-induced tissue damage in diseases where such cell types are implicated, particularly allergic diseases, including but not limited to bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. In addition to a key role in inflammatory disorders, chemokines and their receptors also play a role in infectious disease. Mammalian cytomegaloviruses, herpes viruses and pox viruses express chemokine receptor homologues, which can be activated by human CC chemokines such as RANTES and MCP-3 (for review see Wells and Schwartz, Curr. Opin. Biotech., 8, 741-748, 1997). In addition, human chemokine receptors, such as CXCR-4,
CCR-5 and CCR-3, can act as co-receptors for the infection of mammalian cells by microbes such as human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). CCR-3 serves as a co-receptor for certain clinical strains of HIV-1 and facilitates viral entry (e.g Choe, H. e al, Cell, 1996, 85, 1135- 1148). A key ligand for CCR-3, eotaxin, blocked the process of HIV entry. Thus, chemokine receptor antagonists, including CCR-3 antagonists, may be useful in blocking infection of
CCR-3 expressing cells by HIV or in preventing the manipulation of immune cellular responses by viruses such as cytomegaloviruses.
Thus, according to one aspect of the invention, we provide compounds of formula
(I):
Figure imgf000005_0001
wherein:
R1 represents C^ alkyl, C2.6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl-(O),-aryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)rheteroaryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O),-aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O),-heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl- SO2-Y1-, C,.6 alkyl-G-Y1-, heteroaryl-G-aryl-Y1-, J1-SO2-Y1-, R17O(CO)-C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, R17NHCO-Y1-, R17NHSO2-Y1-, C2-6 alkynyl-Y1-, C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, aryl-O-Y1-, heteroaryl-O-Y1-, C,.β alkyl-SO2-
Y1-, M-Y1-, J1-Y1-, J1-CO-Y1-, aryl-CO-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkyl-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkenyl-Y1-, which C2.6 alkynyl and C2-6 alkynyl-Y1 may be optionally substituted with a -OR17 group, which C2.6 alkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more -COOR17 groups and which cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or C,.6 alkyl groups; R2 represents hydrogen or C,.6 alkyl optionally substituted by a hydroxy group;
R3 represents hydrogen or C^ alkyl; or R1 and R2 may together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a group of formula J2 wherein said nitrogen atom substitutes for either X1 or X2; t represents 0 or 1. X represents ethylene or a group of formula CReRf wherein Re and Rf independently represent hydrogen or C^ alkyl or Re and Rf may together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C3.8 cycloalkyl group;
R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen or CM alkyl; Z represents a bond, CO, SO2, CR10R7(CH2)n, (CH2)nCR10R7, CHR7(CH2)nO, CHR7(CH2)nS,
CHR7(CH2)nOCO, CHR7(CH2)nCO, COCHR7(CH2)n or SO2CHR7(CH2)n;
R6 represents C^ alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C2.6 alkenyl-, -CN or a group of formula -Y2-J3;
R7 represents hydrogen, CM alkyl, CONR8R9 or COOC^ alkyl; a and b represent 1 or 2, such that a+b represents 2 or 3;
G represents -SO2-, -SO2NR18-, -NR18SO2-, -NR18CO-, CO or -CONR18-; n represents an integer from 0 to 4;
M represents a C^s cycloalkyl or C3.8 cycloalkenyl group fused to a monocyclic aryl or monocyclic heteroaryl group;
J1, J2 and J3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
Figure imgf000006_0001
wherein X1 represents oxygen, NR11 or sulphur, X2 represents CH2, oxygen, NR12 or sulphur, m1 represents an integer from 1 to 3 and m2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, provided that m1+m2 is in the range from 3 to 5, also provided that when both X1 and X2 represent oxygen,
NR11, NR12or sulphur, m1 and m2 must both not equal less than 2, wherein K is optionally substituted by one or more (eg. 1 or 2) -Y3-aryl, -Y3-heteroaryl, -Y3-CO-aryl, -COC^ cycloalkyl, -Y3-CO-heteroaryl, -C^ alkyl, -Y^COOCLS alkyl, -Y'-COC^ alkyl, -Y3-W, -Y3-CO- W, -Y3-NR15R16, -Y3-CONR15R16, hydroxy, oxo, -Y3-SO2NR15R16, -Y^SO^-s alkyl, -Y3- SO2aryl, -Y3-SO2heteroaryl, -Y^NR13^ alkyl, -Y3-NR13SO2C1.6 alkyl, -Y3-NR13CONR15R16, -
Y3-NR13COOR14 or -Y3-OCONR15R16 groups, and is optionally fused to a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring;
R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and R14 independently represent hydrogen or C^ alkyl; R15 and R16 independently represent hydrogen or C^ alkyl or R15 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a morpholine, piperidine or pyrrolidine ring;
R17 and R18 independently represent hydrogen or C,.6 alkyl; W represents a saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic 5-7 membered ring containing between 1 and 3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, optionally substituted with one or more C.,-6 alkyl, halogen or hydroxy groups;
Y1, Y2 and Y3 independently represent a bond or a group of formula -(CH2)pCR°Rd(CH2)q- wherein R° and Rα independently represent hydrogen or C1.4 alkyl or Rc and Rd may together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C^ cycloalkyl group, and p and q independently represent an integer from 0 to 5 wherein p + q is an integer from 0 to 5; and salts and solvates thereof.
Specific groups of compounds of formula (I) which may be mentioned are those as defined above with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) is not a compound of formula (l)a:
Figure imgf000007_0001
wherein R2' represents hydrogen or lower alkyl (specifically C1.4 alkyl); R3' represents hydrogen; X' represents methylene or ethylene; a' and b' both represent 1 ; R4' and R5' both represent hydrogen; and wherein the moiety -Z'-R6' represents halobenzyl (compounds of formula (l)a are described in JP 04208267 A); and/or the proviso that the compound of formula (I) is not a compound of formula (l)b:
Figure imgf000007_0002
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C^ alkyl group, a C3.6 cycloalkyl group, a C3.6 cycloalkylC^ alkyl group, an aryl group or an arylC^ alkyl group (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl) in which the aryl moiety of the aryl group or arylC^ alkyl group may be- optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a C^ alkyl group, a C,-6 alkoxy group, a alkoxycarbonyl group or an amino group; R2" represents hydrogen; R3" represents hydrogen or C,-6 alkyl; X" represents methylene; a" and b" both represent 1 ; R4" and R5" both represent hydrogen; and wherein the moiety -Z"-R6" represents a C,^ alkyl group, an arylC^ alkyl group (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl), a heteroarylC1.4 alkyl group (particularly wherein heteroaryl represents 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4- pyridyl or 1H-indol-3-yl), an aryloxyC2.5 alkyl group or a pyrrolidinylcarbonylC^ alkyl group in which the aryl moiety of the said groups may be optionally substituted with a halogen atom, a C.,-6 alkyl group, a C,-6 alkoxy group, a C.,-6 alkoxycarbonyl group or an amino group
(compounds of formula (l)b are described in EP0760362A1).
A preferred set of compounds include compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 represents C^ alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)raryl-Y1-, aryl- (O)t-heteroaryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)t-aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)t-heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl- SO2-Y1-, C^ alkyl-G-Y1-, J1-SO2-Y1-, R17O(CO)-C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, C2.6 alkynyl-Y1-, C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, aryl-O-Y1-
, heteroaryl-O-Y1-, C,.6 alkyl-SO2-Y1-, M-Y1-, J1-Y1-, J1-CO-Y1-, aryl-CO-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkyl- Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkenyl-Y1-, which C2.6 alkynyl and C2.6 alkynyl-Y1 may be optionally substituted with a -OR17 group and which cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or Cι.6 alkyl groups; R2 represents hydrogen or C,-s alkyl; and
J1, J2 and J3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
Figure imgf000008_0001
wherein X1 represents oxygen, NR11 or sulphur, X2 represents CH2, oxygen, NR12 or sulphur, m1 represents an integer from 1 to 3 and m2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, provided that m1+m2 is in the range from 3 to 5, also provided that when both X1 and X2 represent oxygen,
NR11, NR12 or sulphur, m1 and m2 must both not equal less than 2, wherein K is optionally substituted by one or more (eg. 1 or 2) -Y3-aryl, -Y3-heteroaryl, -Y3-CO-aryl, -Y3-CO- heteroaryl, -C,.β alkyl, -Y'-COOCLS alkyl, -Y'-COC^ alkyl, -Y3-W, -Y3-CO-W, -Y3-NR15R16, - Y3-CONR15R16, hydroxy, oxo, -Y3-SO2NR15R16, -Y^SO -e alkyl, -Y3-SO2aryl, -Y3- SO2heteroaryl, -Y^NR13^ alkyl, -Y'-NR^SOsd-s alkyl, -Y3-NR13CONR15R16, -Y3- NR13COOR14 or -Y3-OCONR15R16 groups, and is optionally fused to a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring;
A preferred subset of compounds include compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 represents C^ alkyl, C2.6 alkenyl, C2.6 alkynyl, aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)raryl-Y1-, aryl- (O)t-heteroaryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)t-aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)rheteroaryl-Y1-, C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, aryl-O-Y1-, heteroaryl-O-Y1-, CM alkyl-SO2-Y1-, M-Y1-, -Y1-J1, -Y1-CO-J1 or C3.8 cycloalkyl-Y - or Ca-g cycloalkenyl-Y1-, which cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or C^ alkyl groups; R2 represents hydrogen or C,.6 alkyl; Z represents a bond, CO, CR10R7(CH2)n, CHR7(CH2)nO, CHR7(CH2)πS, CHR7(CH2)nOCO,
CHR7(CH2)nCO; and
J1, J2 and J3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
Figure imgf000009_0001
wherein X1 represents oxygen, nitrogen, NR11 or sulphur, X2 represents CH2, oxygen, nitrogen, NR12 or sulphur, m1 represents an integer from 1 to 3, m2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, provided that m1+m2 is in the range from 3 to 5, also provided that when X2 represents oxygen, nitrogen, NR12or sulphur, m1and m2 must both not equal less than 2, wherein K is optionally substituted by one or more (eg. 1 or 2) -Y3-aryl, -Y3-heteroaryl, -Y3- CO-aryl, -Y3-CO-heteroaryl, -CM alkyl, -Y'-COOC^ alkyl, -Y3-COC1_β alkyl, -Y3-W, -Y3-CO-W, -Y3-NR15R16, -Y3-CONR15R16, hydroxy, oxo, -Y3-SO2NR15R16, -Y'-SO^-e alkyl, -Y3-SO2aryl,
-Y3-SO2heteroaryl, -Y'-NR13^ alkyl, -Y3-NR13SO2C1_β alkyl, -Y3-NR13CONR15R16, -Y3- NR13COOR14 or -Y3-OCONR15R16 groups, and is optionally fused to a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring;
References to 'aryl' include references to monocyclic carbocyclic aromatic rings (eg. phenyl) and bicyclic carbocyclic aromatic rings (e.g. naphthyl) and references to
'heteroaryl' include references to mono- and bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings containing 1-3 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. References to 'heteroaryl' may also be extended to include references to mono- and bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings containing 4 hetero atoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. Examples of monocyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include e.g. pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl. Further examples of monocyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl or imidazolyl. Examples of bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include eg. quinolinyl or indolyl. Further examples of bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include benzimidazolyl. Yet further examples of bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic rings include dihydrobenzofuranyl and pyrrolopyridinyl. Carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic rings may be optionally substituted, e.g. by one or more C,.6 alkyl,
C2.6 alkenyl, halogen,
Figure imgf000010_0001
alkyl, -OCF3, -CF3, -COOCLS alkyl, -OCHF2, -SCF3, -CONR19R20, -SO2NR19R20 (wherein R19 and R20 independently represent hydrogen, C,-6 alkyl or C3-8 cycloalkyl), -NHSO2CH3, -SO2CH3 or - SCH3 groups. A further substituent of carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic rings may be - COOH. Yet further substituents of carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic rings may be -
CH2N(CH3)2or one or more -SH groups, wherein it will be appreciated that said group may tautomerise to form an =S group.
Examples of group M include tetrahydronaphthalenyl.
Examples of group W include piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl and piperazinyl which may be optionally substituted with one or more C.,-6 alkyl, halogen, or hydroxy groups. Examples of group J1 include N-(COOCH2CH3)-piperidin-4-yl, N-(CH3)-piperidin-4- yl, N-(COCH3)-piperidin-4-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl or N-morpholinyl. Further examples of group J1 include N-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)-piperidin-4-yl, N-(methylsulphonyl)- piperidin-4-yl, thiopyranyl and tetrahydrothienyl. Examples of group J2 include (4-phenyl)-piperidin-1-yl, (4-COOCH2CH3)-piperazin-
1-yl, (2-(3-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl-methyl))-piperidin-1-yl, N-morpholinyl, (4-N(CH3)2)- piperidin-1-yl, (4-(3-fluorophenyl))-piperazin-1-yl, (4-(4-fluorophenyl))-piperazin-1-yl, (4- pyrimidinyl)-piperazin-1-yl, (4-CH3)-piperazin-1-yl, (4-CONH2)-piperidin-1-yl, (3,3-dimethyl)- piperidin-1-yl, (4-COCH3)-piperazin-1-yl, (4-(1-pyrrolidinyl-carbonylmethyl))-piperazin-1-yl, (4-hydroxy)-piperidin-1-yl, (4-methyl)-piperidin-1-yl, (4-(2-furanyl-carbonyl))-piperazin-1-yl,
(4-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl or (3-CH3SO2CH2-)-morpholin-1-yl. Further examples of group J2 include thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl and benzazepinyl.
Examples of group J3 include indolinyl, which may be optionally substituted. References to alkyl include references to both straight chain and branched chain aliphatic isomers of the corresponding alkyl. It will be appreciated that references to alkylene and alkoxy shall be interpreted similarly.
References to C3.8 cycloalkyl include references to all alicyclic (including branched) isomers of the corresponding alkyl. Preferably, R1 represents C,.6 alkyl (particularly propyl), C2-6 alkenyl (particularly wherein said C2-6 alkenyl is substituted by one or more -COOR17 groups, eg. -HC=CH- COOH), C2.6 alkynyl, aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1- (particularly wherein heteroaryl represents thiazolyl, indolyl, furanyl, dihydrobenzofuran, oxoimidazolyl, isoxazolyl, thienyl, thioxodihydroimidazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl), aryl-(O)t-aryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)r heteroaryl-Y1- (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl and heteroaryl represents thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl or isoxazolyl), heteroaryl-(O),-aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O),-heteroaryl-Y1-, C2_6 alkenyl-Y1-, aryl-O-Y1- (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl), heteroaryl-O-Y1-, C^ 6 alkyl-SO2-Y1- (particularly wherein O,.6 alkyl represents ethyl, propyl, -CH(CH3)2 or - C(CH3)3), M-Y1-, J1-Y1-, J1-CO-Y1-, aryl-SO2-Y1-, CM alkyl-G-Y1- (particularly wherein Cm alkyl represents methyl and G represents -NR18CO-, -CONR18-, -NR18SO2- or -SO2NR18-), heteroaryl-G-aryl-Y1- (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl and heteroaryl represents thiazolyl and G represents -NR18SO2-), J1-SO2-Y1- (particularly wherein J1 represents 1- pyrrolidinyl), R17O(CO)-C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, R17NHCO-Y1- (particularly wherein R17 represents hydrogen), C2.6 alkynyl-Y1- (particularly -C-≡CH or wherein said C2.6 alkynyl is substituted with a -OR17 group, eg. HOCH2-C≡C-), aryl-CO-Y1- (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl), C^s cycloalkyl-Y1- or C3-8 cycloalkenyl-Y1-, which cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or C^s alkyl groups and which C2.6 alkynyl-Y1- may be optionally substituted with a -OR17 group. More preferred R1 groups include C,-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)t-aryl-Y1-, aryl-(O),-heteroaryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)t-aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)t-heteroaryl-Y1-, C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, aryl-O-Y1-, heteroaryl-O-Y1-, CLS alkyl-SO2-Y1-, M-Y1-, J1-Y1-, J1-CO-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkyl-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkenyl-Y1-, which cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or alkyl groups.
Yet more preferably, R1 represents aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1, aryi-(O),-aryl-Y1-, C3-8 cycloalkyl-Y1-, C2.6 alkenyl-Y1- or C^alkyl-SOz-Y1- especially wherein aryl represents phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted by one or more C^ alkyl (especially methyl), halogen (especially chlorine, fluorine and bromine), CH3O-, CH3S-, F2CHO-, CH3OC(O)-, -CN, -CF3, CF3-S-, CF3-O-, or (CH3)2N-, groups, and wherein heteroaryl represents pyridinyl optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms (especially chlorine) and wherein cycloalkyl represents cyclohexyl. Further preferred substituents of phenyl include -NHCOCH3 and -CONH2. Yet further preferred substituents of phenyl include -SO2NH2, -CONHCH3, - OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -COOH, -CON(CH3)2, -SO2CH3, -CONHCH2CH3, -CONHcyclopropyl and -SO2NHcyclopropyl. Also preferably, R1 represents C2.6 alkynyl-Y1-. A series of particularly preferred compounds are those wherein R1 represents aryl-Y1- wherein aryl represents phenyl optionally substituted by one or more C^ alkyl (especially methyl), halogen (especially chlorine, fluorine and bromine), CH3O-, CH3S-, F2CHO-, CH3OC(O)-, - CN or -CF3 groups. Further most preferred substituents of phenyl include -NHCOCH3 and -
CONH2. A yet further most preferred substituent of phenyl includes SO2NH2. Most preferably, R1 will also represent C2.6 alkenyl-Y1- (particularly CH2=CH-Y1-), Cs-a cycloalkyl-Y1- (particularly cyclohexyl-Y1-) and Cw alkyl-SO2Y1- (particularly CH3SO2-Y1-). Also most preferably, R1 represents C2.6 alkynyl-Y1- (particularly HC≡C-Y ). Especially preferred R1 groups are aryl-Y1- and heteroaryl-Y1-, most especially wherein aryl represents phenyl and heteroaryl represents a 6 membered monocyclic heterocyclic aromatic ring (most particularly tetrazolyl) each of which may be optionally substituted as indicated above.
Preferred substituents of heteroaryl include -CH3, -CONH2, -CH2N(CH3)2, halogen (particularly chlorine), -OCH3, -COOCH3 and -NH2.
Most especially preferred compounds are those wherein R1 represents phenyl-Y1- which phenyl is substituted with a -CONH2 or -CONHCH3 group and tetrazolyl-Y1- which tetrazolyl is substituted with a methyl group.
Preferably, Y1 represents a bond or C,.6 alkylene, more preferably a bond, methylene or ethylene, propylene, -C(CH3)2- or -CH(CH3)-, particularly a bond, methylene or ethylene, most preferably a bond or methylene, especially methylene.
Preferably, Y2 represents a bond.
Preferably, Y3 represents a bond.
Preferably, R2 represents hydrogen, methyl or hydroxypropyl, more preferably hydrogen or methyl, especially hydrogen.
Preferably, R3 represents hydrogen or methyl, especially hydrogen.
Also preferably, R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a group of formula J2 wherein said nitrogen atom substitutes for either X1 or X2. Preferably, X represents methylene.
Preferably, R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably, R4 and R5 represent hydrogen.
Preferably, Z represents a bond, CO, CR10R7(CH2)n, CHR7(CH2)πO, CHR7(CH2)nS, CHR7(CH2)nOCO or CHR7(CH2)nCO. More preferably, Z represents CO, CHR7(CH2)n, CHR7(CH2)nO, CHR7(CH2)nS, CHR7(CH2)nOCO or CHR7(CH2)nCO, especially CH2CO, (CH2)2, (CH2)2S, (CH2)2O, (CH2)2OCO, (CH2)3CO, CO, CHR7, particularly CH2, CHCH3 or CH2CO, most particularly CH2 or CH2CO, especially CH2. Preferably, R6 represents C.,-6 alkyl, C2.6 alkenyl, CN, aryl, heteroaryl or a group of formula -Y2-J3, more preferably R6 represents phenyl (optionally substituted with one or more halogen, phenyl or C2.6 alkenyl groups), naphthyl, C,.6 alkyl, C2.6 alkenyl, CN or a 5 membered aromatic heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N or S optionally substituted by halogen or C^ alkyl. Especially, R6 represents phenyl (optionally substituted with one or more halogen (especially chlorine, fluorine or iodine), phenyl or
3-CH=CH2 groups), naphthyl, indolinyl, methyl, -CH=CH2, -CN or thiophenyl optionally substituted by halogen (especially chlorine). Most preferred R6 represents indolinyl (especially indolin-1-yl) or else represents phenyl substituted by one or more halogen (eg. chlorine or fluorine) groups, particularly dichlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 5-chlorothiophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl and 3,4-difluorophenyl, most particularly dichlorophenyl, especially 3,4- dichlorophenyl.
Preferably, R7 represents hydrogen, methyl, COOC^ alkyl or CONR8R9, more preferably hydrogen, COOC^ alkyl or CONR8R9 most preferably hydrogen, COOEt or CONR8R9, especially hydrogen. Preferably, R8 and R9 represent hydrogen.
Preferably, R10 represents hydrogen.
Preferably, R11 and R12 independently represent hydrogen or methyl.
Preferably, R13 and R14 independently represent hydrogen or methyl.
Preferably, R15 and R16 independently represent hydrogen or methyl or R15 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a morpholine, piperidine or pyrrolidine ring, especially hydrogen or methyl.
Preferably, R17 represents hydrogen.
Preferably, R18 represents hydrogen.
Preferably, R19 and R20 independently represent hydrogen, C^ alkyl or C3.8 cycloalkyl, especially hydrogen, cyclopropyl or methyl. Particularly, R19 and R20 represent hydrogen.
Preferably, R° represents hydrogen or methyl, particularly hydrogen.
Preferably, Rd represents hydrogen or methyl, particularly hydrogen.
Preferably, a and b both represent 1. 13
Preferably, n represents 0, 1 or 2.
Preferably, p + q equals an integer from 0 to 2, more preferably, p and q independently represent 0 or 1 such that p + q equals an integer from 0 to 1.
Preferably, t represents 0. Preferably, W represents pyrrolidinyl or piperidinyl, especially pyrrolidinyl.
Preferably, X1 represents oxygen, nitrogen or NR11.
Preferably, X2 represents CH2, oxygen, nitrogen or NR12.
Preferably, m and m2 independently represent an integer from 1 to 2, such that m1 + m2 is in the range from 3 to 4. Preferably, J1 represents piperidinyl (particularly piperidin-4-yl) or tetrahydropyranyl (particularly tetrahydropyran-4-yl) optionally substituted by one or two - COOCH2CH3, -COOtBu, -CH3, -COCH3, -SO2N(CH3)2, -SO2CH3, -COPhenyl or 3, 5- dimethylisoxazol-4-ylsulphonyl groups. Also preferably, J1 represents morpholinyl, thiopyranyl or tetrahydrothienyl which may be optionally substituted as above (particularly dioxidotetrahydrothienyl).
Preferred substituents for J1 include -CH2-aryl (particularly wherein aryl represents phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, eg. dichlorophenyl), - COcyclopropyl or -Y3-SO2heteroaryl (particularly wherein heteroaryl represents dimethylisoxazolyl). Preferably, J2 represents piperidinyl (particularly piperidin-1-yl), morpholinyl
(particularly N-morpholinyl) or piperazinyl (particularly piperazin-1-yl) optionally substituted by one or two phenyl, -COOCH2CH3, -N(CH3)2, fluorophenyl, -CH3, -CONH2, -COCH3, - CH2CO-(N-pyrrolidinyl), hydroxy, -CO-(2-furan), benzyl or -CH2SO2CH3. Preferably, J2 also represents thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl or benzazepinyl optionally substituted in a similar manner.
Other preferred substituents for J2 include halogen (particularly fluorine), - COOCH2CH3, -CO-furoyl, -SO2CH3, -pyridinyl-CH3 or oxo groups.
Preferably, J3 represents indolinyl, particularly indolin-1-yl.
Suitable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include physiologically acceptable salts and salts which may not be physiologically acceptable but may be useful in the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and physiologically acceptable salts thereof. If appropriate, acid addition salts may be derived from inorganic or organic acids, for example hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, phosphates, acetates, benzoates, citrates, succinates, lactates, tartrates, fumarates, maleates, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoates, palmoates, methanesulphonates, formates or trifluoroacetates. Examples of solvates include hydrates.
When compounds of formula (I) contain chiral centres, the invention extends to mixtures of enantiomers (including racemic mixtures) and diastereoisomers as well as to individual enantiomers. Generally it is preferred to use a compound of formula (I) in the form of a single enantiomer.
The compounds of formula (I) and salts and solvates thereof may be prepared by the methodology described hereinafter, constituting a further aspect of this invention.
A process according to the invention for preparing a compound of formula (I) comprises:
(a) reacting a compound of formula (II)
Figure imgf000015_0001
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X, a and b are as defined above, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula L1-Z-R6, wherein Z and R6 are as defined above and L1 represents a suitable leaving group; or
(b) forming a compound of formula (I) wherein R2 represents hydrogen which comprises reacting a compound of formula (III)
Figure imgf000015_0002
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, Z, X, a and b are as defined above, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula R1-N=C=O, wherein R is as defined above; or (c) reacting a compound of formula (IV) (iv)
Figure imgf000016_0001
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, Z, X, a and b are as defined above or a protected derivative thereof and L2 represents a suitable leaving group, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (V)
Figure imgf000016_0002
(V) wherein R and R2 are as defined above or a protected derivative thereof; or (d) reacting a compound of formula (VI)
Figure imgf000016_0003
wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above and L3 represents a suitable leaving group, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (III), or a protected derivative thereof; or
(e) deprotecting a compound of formula (I) which is protected; or
(f) interconversion of other compounds of formula (I).
We also provide a further process according to the invention for preparing a compound of formula (I) which comprises: (g) forming a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a group of formula J2 wherein said nitrogen atom substitutes for either X1 or X2 which comprises reacting a compound of formula (IV) or a protected derivative thereof with a compound of formula J2H, provided that the compound of formula J2H has a free -NH group; or (h) forming a compound of formula (I) wherein Z represents CR10R7(CH2)n, wherein
R1Q represents hydrogen, which comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) or a protected derivative thereof with a compound of formula R7CO(CH2)nR6, followed by reduction of the resultant imine; or
(i) forming a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 represents C.,-6 alkyl-G-Y1-, wherein
G represents -NR18CO-, which comprises reacting a compound of formula (VII)
Figure imgf000017_0001
or a protected derivative thereof wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Y1 X, Z, a and b are as defined above, with a compound of formula C,-6 alkyl-NHR18. Process (a) may be performed in the presence of an inert solvent eg. N,N- dimethylformamide optionally in the presence of a base such as N,N-diisopropylethylamine at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature. Examples of suitable leaving groups (L ) include halogen, eg. chlorine.
Process (b) may be performed in the presence of an inert solvent eg dichloromethane at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature.
Processes (c) and (d) may typically be performed in the presence of a suitable base eg. pyridine at a suitable temperature e.g. 110°C, wherein leaving groups L2 and L3 may represent 4-nitrophenoxy. Alternatively, when L2 and L3 represent 4-nitrophenoxy, suitable conditions may involve the use of N,N-diisopropylethylamine as a suitable base and dichloromethane or N, N-dimethylformamide as a suitable solvent. Alternatively, where L2 and L3 are Merrifield resin bound 4-thiophenoxy, processes (c) and (d) may be performed with a suitable additive e.g. N-methylpyrrolidinone in a microwave oven, for example at a power of 600W for 5 min. Other suitable leaving groups include imidazolyl. Wherein L2 or L3 represent imidazolyl, suitable conditions comprise the use of 1 ,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in suitable solvents such as dichloromethane and N, N-dimethylformamide at a suitable temperature, e.g. between O°C and 22°C.
In process (e), examples of protecting groups and the means for their removal can be found in T. W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts 'Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis' (J. Wiley and Sons, 3rd Ed. 1999). Suitable amine protecting groups include sulphonyl (e.g. tosyl), acyl (e.g. benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl) and arylalkyl (e.g. benzyl), which may be removed by hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis as appropriate. Other suitable amine protecting groups include trifluoroacetyl (-COCF3) which may be removed by base catalysed hydrolysis or a solid phase resin bound benzyl group, such as a Merrifield resin bound 2,6- dimethoxybenzyl group (Ellman linker) or a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[2- (polystyrylmethoxy)ethoxy]benzyl group, which may be removed by acid catalysed hydrolysis, for example with trifluoroacetic acid.
Process (f) may be performed using conventional interconversion procedures such as epimerisation, oxidation, reduction, alkylation, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, ester hydrolysis or amide bond formation. Alternative conditions for process (f) include t- butoxycarbonyl group addition or removal and sulphonylation.
Process (g) may be performed in an identical manner to the conditions described above for processes (c) and (d).
Process (h) may be performed in the presence of a suitable acid, eg. acetic acid and a suitable reducing agent, eg. sodium triacetoxyborohydride in a suitable solvent, eg. dichloromethane at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
Process (i) may be performed in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent, eg. 1 ,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and a suitable solvent, eg. N, N-dimethylformamide at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
Compounds of formula (II) as the R-isomer, wherein R2 and R3 both represent hydrogen, X represents methylene, a and b represent 1 and R4 and R5 both represent hydrogen may be prepared according to the following process:
Figure imgf000018_0001
wherein R1 is as defined above and P1 is a suitable protecting group, eg. benzyl.
Compounds of formula (VIII) may be prepared as described in EP0995746.
Step (i) typically comprises the use of an inert solvent eg dichloromethane at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature. Step (ii) typically comprises a simple deprotection reaction, eg. which may comprise the use of 10% palladium on activated carbon in the presence of ammonium formate and a suitable solvent, eg. ethanol. Compounds of formula (ll)a as the S-isomer, wherein R1 is as defined above, may be prepared by an analogous process.
Compounds of formula (IV) may be prepared according to the following process:
Figure imgf000019_0001
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, X, a, b and Z are as defined above and L2 represents a suitable leaving group as defined above eg. 4-nitrophenoxy or Merrifield resin bound 4-thiophenoxy and L4 represents a leaving group more labile than L2 eg. chlorine or 4-nitrophenoxy. When L2 represents 4-nitrophenoxy and L4 represents chlorine, step (i) may be carried out in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane in the presence of a base such as triethylamine at a suitable temperature such as room temperature. When L2 represents Merrifield resin bound 4-thiophenoxy and L4 represents 4-nitrophenoxy, step (i) may be carried out in a suitable solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide at a suitable temperature such as room temperature. Alternatively L2 and L4 may represent imidazole, wherein step (i) may be carried out with 1 ,1'-carbonyldiimidazole, in a suitable solvent e.g. a mixture of dichloromethane and N,N'-dimethylformamide at a suitable temperature e.g. between 0°C and 22°C .
Compounds of formula (III) may be used in protected form, eg. wherein the amine group is protected when R3 represents hydrogen. Suitable protecting groups are among those described above.
Compounds of formula (III) may be prepared according to the following process:
Figure imgf000019_0002
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, X, a, b and Z are as defined above and L1 represents a suitable leaving group eg. chlorine and P2 represents a suitable protecting group eg. one mentioned above, such as -COCF3. Step (i) comprises the use of a suitable solvent eg. N,N- dimethylformamide in the presence of suitable reagents eg. sodium iodide and potassium carbonate at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature. Step (ii) comprises deprotection under conventional conditions appropriate for the protecting groups. When P2 represents - COCF3, deprotection may be achieved by the use of water and methanol in the presence of potassium carbonate at room temperature. Compounds of formula (III) wherein Z represents CR10R7(CH2)n (wherein R10 represents hydrogen), may also be prepared by reductive amination of compounds of formula (XI) in an analogous manner to that described in process
(h) above.
Compounds of formula (III) wherein R3 represents hydrogen, X represents methylene, a and b represent 1 and R4 and R5 are both attached to the morpholine ring at the 5-position may be prepared according to the following process:
Figure imgf000020_0001
wherein R6 and Z are as defined above and L1 represents a suitable leaving group eg. chlorine. Step (i) comprises heating in the absence of solvent at between 50 and 60°C. Step (ii) comprises heating with 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1 H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione at 80°C under nitrogen, followed by stirring with concentrated sulphuric acid at 150°C.
Compounds of formula (III) wherein R3 represents H may be prepared according to the following process:
Figure imgf000021_0001
wherein R4, R5, R6, X, a, b and Z are as defined above and L1 represents a suitable leaving group eg. chlorine. Step (i) comprises heating a compound of formula (XIV; Merrifield Resin) with sodium carbonate in a suitable solvent eg. dimethylsulphoxide at a suitable temperature eg. 150°C. Step (ii) comprises reacting a compound of formula (XV) with a compound of formula (XVI) in the presence of a suitable solvent eg. tetrahydrofuran at a suitable temperature eg. room temperature. Step (iii) comprises the use of suitable solvent eg. N,N- dimethylformamide and a suitable base eg. N,N-diisopropylethylamine at a suitable temperature eg. 70°C, followed by deprotection under conventional conditions appropriate for the Merrifield resin protecting group eg. acid catalysed hydrolysis.
Compounds of formula (VII) may be prepared according to the following process:
Figure imgf000022_0001
wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Y1, Z, X, a and b are as defined above, L2 represents a suitable leaving group, eg. 4-nitrophenoxy and P3 represents a suitable protecting group eg. C^ alkyl, preferably t-butyl.
Step (i) typically comprises the use of a suitable base, eg. N,N- diisopropylethylamine and a suitable solvent, eg. dichloromethane at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
Step (ii) typically comprises the use of a suitable acidic reagent, eg. 4M hydrogen chloride in dioxane at a suitable temperature, eg. room temperature.
Compounds of formula (V), (VI), (VIII), (X), (XI), (XII), (XIV), (XVI) and (XVIII) are either known or may be prepared in accordance with known procedures.
Compounds of formula L1-Z-R6, R1N=C=O, R7CO(CH2)nR6, Cw alkyl-NHR18, and J2-H are also either known or may be prepared in accordance with known procedures. Compounds of formula (II) may be prepared in accordance with processes analogous to those described above for compounds of formula (I), employing standard protecting group chemistry. For example, employing suitable protection for the morpholine NH, such as t-butoxycarbonyl protection.
Compounds of formula (II), (III), (IV) and (VII) in protected and unprotected forms and salts and solvates thereof also form an aspect of the invention.
Compounds of the invention may be tested for in vitro and in vivo biological activity in accordance with the following assays: (a) CCR-3 Binding Assay A CCR-3 competition binding SPA (scintillation proximity assay) was used to assess the affinity of novel compounds for CCR-3. Membranes prepared from K562 cells stably expressing CCR-3 (2.5μg/well) were mixed with 0.25mg/well wheat-germ agglutinin SPA beads (Amersham) and incubated in binding buffer (HEPES 50 mM, CaCI2 1 mM, MgCI2 5 mM, 0.5% BSA) at 4°C for 1.5 hr. Following incubation, 20 pM of [125l] eotaxin (Amersham) and increasing concentrations of compound (1pM to 30μM) were added and incubated in a 96 well plate for 2 hr at 22°C then counted on a Microbeta plate counter. The total assay volume was 100 μl. Competition binding data were analysed by fitting the data with a four parameter logistic equation. Data are presented as the mean plC50 values (negative logarithm of the concentration of compound which inhibits [125l]eotaxin binding by 50%) from at least two experiments.
(b) Eosinophil chemotaxis Assay.
Compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on eosinophil chemotaxis. Eosinophils were purified from human peripheral blood by standard CD16 cell depletion using a Miltenyi cell separation column and a magnetic Super Macs magnet as previously described (Motegi & Kita, 1998; J.lmmunology. 161 :4340-6). Cells were re-suspended in RPMI 1640/10% FCS solution and incubated with calcein-AM (Molecular Probes) at 37°C for 30 mins. Following incubation, the eosinophils were centrifuged at 400g for 5 min and re-suspended in RPMI/FCS at 2.2 million/ml. Cells were then incubated in the presence of increasing concentration of compounds (1 pM to 30 μM) at 37°C for 30 mins. For control responses cells were incubated with RPMI/FCS only. The agonist eotaxin (either a concentration response curve or for the functional inhibition curves an EC80 concentration) was added to the lower chamber of a 96 well chemotaxis plate (5 μm filter: Receptor Technologies). Eosinophils (50 μl of 2 million/ml cells) were added to the top chamber of the filter plate and incubated at 37°C for 45 mins. Cells remaining on top of the chemotaxis filter were removed and the number of eosinophils which had migrated were quantified by reading the plate on a fluorescent plate reader. Inhibition curves for the effect of compounds on eosinophil chemotaxis were analysed by fitting the data with a four parameter logistic equation. Functional pK, values (fpKj) were generated using the equation below (Lazareno &
Birdsall, 1995. Br.J. Pharmacol 109: 1110-9).
Figure imgf000024_0001
(c) Guinea-pig Ovalbumin Model Inhibition of Eosinophil Infiltration and Hyper-Reactivity in the Guinea Pig In a method based on that described by Danahay er al., 1997, ovalbumin sensitised guinea pigs were dosed with mepyramine (30mg kg"1 ip) to protect against anaphylactic bronchospasm. Test compounds, dissolved in 10% DMSO and 90% PEG200, were given by the oral route, 30 minutes before ovalbumin challenge (10 minutes breathing of an aerosol generated from a 0.5%o solution of ovalbumin). Hyper-reactivity of the airways to the thromboxane mimetic U46619, was measured 24 hours after ovalbumin challenge in unrestrained animals using a whole body plethysmograph (Buxco Ltd., USA). The guinea pigs were then sacrificed and the lungs lavaged. Total and differential leukocyte counts were then obtained for the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the percentage reduction in eosinophil accumulation determined (Sanjar ef al., 1992). Data was presented as the inhibitory effect of the specified dose expressed as a percentage of the vehicle control response.
Examples of disease states in which the compounds of the invention have potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory effects include diseases of the respiratory tract such as bronchitis (including chronic bronchitis), asthma (including allergen-induced asthmatic reactions), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and rhinitis. Another disease of the respiratory tract in which the compounds of the invention have potentially beneficial effects is sinusitis. Other relevant disease states include diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as intestinal inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) and intestinal inflammatory diseases secondary to radiation exposure or allergen exposure. Furthermore, compounds of the invention may be used to treat nephritis, skin diseases such as psoriasis, eczema, allergic dermatitis and hypersensitivity reactions and diseases of the central nervous system which have an inflammatory component eg. Alzheimer's disease, meningitis, multiple sclerosis and AIDS dementia. Compounds of the present invention may also be of use in the treatment ofnasal polyposis, conjunctivitis or pruritis. Additionally, the compounds of the present invention may be of use in the treatment of viral diseases such as HIV.
Further examples of disease states in which compounds of the invention have potentially beneficial effects include cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Other diseases for which the compounds of the present invention may be beneficial are other hypereosinophilic diseases such as Churg-strauss syndrome. Additionally, eosinophilia is commonly found in parasitic diseases, especially helminth infections, and thus the compounds of the present invention may be useful in treating inflammation arising from hyper-eosinophilic states of diseases such as hydatid cyst (Echinococcus sp.), tapeworm infections (Taenia sp.), blood flukes (schistosomiasis), and nematode (round worms) infections such as:- Hookworm (Ancylostoma sp.), Ascaris, Strongyloides, Trichinella, and particularly lymphatic filariasis including Onchocerca, Brugia, Wucheria (Elephantiasis). Compounds of the invention may be useful as immunosuppressive agents and so have use in the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as allograft tissue rejection after transplantation, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes.
Compounds of the invention may also be useful in inhibiting metastasis. Diseases of principal interest include asthma, COPD and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract involving seasonal and perennial rhinitis. Preferred diseases of principle interest include asthma and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract involving seasonal and perennial rhinitis. Further diseases also of principle interest include inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as inflammatory bowel disease.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that reference herein to treatment extends to prophylaxis as well as the treatment of established conditions.
As mentioned above, compounds of formula (I) are useful as pharmaceuticals, in particular as anti-inflammatory agents.
There is thus provided as a further aspect of the invention a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use as pharmaceuticals, particularly in the treatment of patients with inflammatory conditions, eg. asthma or rhinitis.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of patients with inflammatory conditions, eg. asthma or rhinitis. In a further or alternative aspect there is provided a method for the treatment of a human or animal subject with an inflammatory condition eg. asthma or rhinitis, which method comprises administering to said human or animal subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. The compounds according to the invention may be formulated for administration in any convenient way, and the invention therefore also includes within its scope pharmaceutical compositions for use in anti-inflammatory therapy, comprising a compound of formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt or solvate thereof together, if desirable, with one or more physiologically acceptable diluents or carriers.
There is also provided a process for preparing such a pharmaceutical formulation which comprises mixing the ingredients.
The compounds according to the invention may, for example, be formulated for oral, inhaled, intranasal, buccal, parenteral or rectal administration, preferably for oral administration. Tablets and capsules for oral administration may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, for example syrup, acacia, gelatin, sorbitol, tragacanth, mucilage of starch, cellulose or polyvinyl pyrrolidone; fillers, for example, lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, sugar, maize- starch, calcium phosphate or sorbitol; lubricants, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, polyethylene glycol or silica; disintegrants, for example, potato starch, croscarmellose sodium or sodium starch glycollate; or wetting agents such as sodium lauryl sulphate. The tablets may be coated according to methods well known in the art. Oral liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may contain conventional additives such as suspending agents, for example, sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose, glucose/sugar syrup, gelatin, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, aluminium stearate gel or hydrogenated edible fats; emulsifying agents, for example, lecithin, sorbitan mono-oleate or acacia; non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), for example almond oil, fractionated coconut oil, oily esters, propylene glycol or ethyl alcohol; or preservatives, for example, methyl or propyl p_- hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid. The preparations may also contain buffer salts, flavouring, colouring and/or sweetening agents (e.g. mannitol) as appropriate.
For buccal administration the compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner. The compounds may also be formulated as suppositories, e.g. containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
The compounds according to the invention may also be formulated for parenteral administration by bolus injection or continuous infusion and may be presented in unit dose form, for instance as ampoules, vials, small volume infusions or pre-filled syringes, or in multi-dose containers with an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions in aqueous or non-aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as anti-oxidants, buffers, antimicrobial agents and/or tonicity adjusting agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use. The dry solid presentation may be prepared by filling a sterile powder aseptically into individual sterile containers or by filling a sterile solution aseptically into each container and freeze-drying.
The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic agents, for example anti-inflammatory agents (such as corticosteroids (e.g. fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate, mometasone furoate, triamcinolone acetonide or budesonide) or NSAIDs (eg. sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil sodium, PDE-4 inhibitors, leukotriene antagonists, iNOS inhibitors, tryptase and elastase inhibitors, beta-2 integrin antagonists and adenosine 2a agonists)) or beta adrenergic agents (such as salmeterol, salbutamol, formoterol, fenoterol or terbutaline and salts thereof), anti-histamines (eg methapyrilene or loratadine) or antiinfective agents (eg. antibiotics, antivirals).
It will be appreciated that when the compounds of the present invention are administered in combination with other therapeutic agents normally administered by the inhaled or intranasal route, that the resultant pharmaceutical composition may be administered by the inhaled or intranasal route.
Compounds of the invention may conveniently be administered in amounts of, for example, 0.001 to 500mg/kg body weight, preferably 0.01 to 500mg/kg body weight, more preferably 0.01 to 100mg/kg body weight, 1 to 4 times daily. The precise dose will of course depend on the age and condition of the patient and the particular route of administration chosen.
The compounds of the invention have the advantage that they may be more efficacious, show greater selectivity, have fewer side effects, have a longer duration of action, be more bioavailable when administered by the oral route, have more ready and economic synthesis, or have other more desirable properties than similar known compounds.
The invention may be illustrated by reference to the following examples: Examples
General experimental details Standard Automated Preparative HPLC column, conditions and eluent Automated preparative high performance liquid chromatography (autoprep. HPLC) was carried out using a Supelco÷ 5μm (100mm x 22mm internal diameter) column eluted with a mixture of solvents consisting of (i) 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water and (ii) 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile, the eluent being expressed as the percentage of (ii) in the solvent mixture, at a flow rate of 4ml per minute.
Mass Directed Automated Preparative HPLC column, conditions and eluent Mass directed automated preparative high performance liquid chromatography was carried out using an LCABZ+ 5μm (5cm x 10mm internal diameter) column, employing gradient elution using two solvent systems, (A) 0.1% formic acid in water, and (B) 95% acetonitrile and 0.5% formic acid in water, at a flow rate of 8ml min"1. Mass spectrometry was carried out using a VG Platform Mass Spectrometer, with an HP1100 Diode Array Detector and Accurate Flow Splitter. LC/MS System Three alternative Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (LC/MS) Systems were used: System A
This system used an 3μm ABZ+PLUS (3.3cm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column, eluting with solvents:A - 0.1 %v/v formic acid + 0.077% w/v ammonium acetate in water; and B - 95:5 acetonitrile:water + 0.05%v/v formic acid, at a flow rate of 3 ml per minute. The following gradient protocol was used: 100% A for 0.7mins; A+B mixtures, gradient profile 0 - 100% B over 3.5mins; hold at 100%B for 1.1 mins; return to 100% A over 0.2mins.
System B
This system used an 3μm ABZ+PLUS (3.3cm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column, eluting with solvents:A - 0.1%v/v formic acid + 0.077% w/v ammonium acetate in water; and B - 95:5 acetonitrile:water + 0.05%v/v formic acid, at a flow rate of 1 ml per minute. The following gradient protocol was used: 100%) A for LOmin; A+B mixtures, gradient profile 0 -
100% B over 9.0mins; hold at 100%B for 3.0mins; return to 100% A over 2.0mins. System C
This system used an 3μm ABZ+PLUS (3.3cm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column, eluting with solvents:A - 0.1%o v/v formic acid + 0.077% w/v ammonium acetate in water; and B - 95:5 acetonitrile:water + 0.05%v/v formic acid, at a flow rate of 1 ml per minute. The following gradient protocol was used: 100% A for 2.0mins; A+B mixtures, gradient profile 0 - 100% B over 20mins; hold at 100%B for δ.Omins; return to 100% A over 2.0mins; hold at 100% A for 1.0mins. All LC/MS systems used a micromass spectrometer, with electrospray ionisation mode, positive and negative ion switching, mass range 80-1000 a.m.u.
Thermospray Mass Spectra
Thermospray Mass Spectra were determined on a HP 5989A engine mass spectrometer, +ve thermospray, source temperature 250°C, probe temperatures 120°C (stem), 190°C (tip), detection mass range 100-850 a.m.u. Compounds were injected in 10μl of a mixture of solvents comprising 65% methanol and 35% 0.05M aqueous ammonium acetate, at a flow rate of 0.7ml/min.
Normal Phase Automated Preparative HPLC Column - conditions Normal phase automated preparative high performance liquid chromatography (normal phase autoprep HPLC) was carried out using a Nucleosil silica 5μm (100mm x 20mm internal diameter) column eluted with an ethyl acetate: heptane two-step gradient (i) 0% to
25%> ethyl acetate over 7min followed by (ii) 25%) to 100% ethyl acetate over 5.5min; at a flow rate of 30ml/min. Normal phase analytical HPLC method
Normal phase automated analytical high performance liquid chromatography (normal phase analytical HPLC) was carried out using a Nucleosil silica 3μm (150mm x 4.6mm internal diameter) column eluted with an ethyl acetate: heptane two-step gradient (i) 0% to 40% ethyl acetate over 7 min followed by (ii) 40% to 100% ethyl acetate over 2.5 min; at a flow rate of 2ml/min.
Standard chiral analytical HPLC system
This system used a 250 x4.6mm Chiralpak AD 10μm column, eluting with absolute ethanokheptane mixtures at a flow rate of 1ml per minute, with UV detection at 215nm.
Standard chiral preparative HPLC system This system used a Chiralpak AD column (2cm x 25cm), eluting with absolute ethanol:heptane mixtures (15ml/min over 25mins, UV detection at 215nm).
Solid phase extraction (ion exchange)
'SCX' refers to Isolute Flash SCX-2 sulphonic acid solid phase extraction cartridges.
Organic/Aqueous phase separation with hydrophobic frits 'Hydrophobic frit' refers to a Whatman polypropylene filter tube fitted with a PTFE frit, pore size 5.0μm.
All temperatures are in °C
Intermediates
Intermediate 1 : 2,212-Trifluoro-N-(morpholin-2-ylmethyl)acetamide To a stirred solution of morpholin-2-ylmethylamine (3.1g) in methanol (70ml) under nitrogen was added an ethereal solution of ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoroacetate (5ml in 20ml ether) which had been washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, water and brine, and dried. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 22°C before removal of all volatilesin vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol (10ml) and the volatiles again removed in vacuo to give the title compound as a white crunchy foam (4.9g). Thermospray Mass Spectrum m/z 213 [MH+].
Intermediate 2: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide To a stirred solution of Intermediate 1 (3.3g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (50ml) under nitrogen was added potassium carbonate (2.46g) and sodium iodide (2.12g). A solution of
3,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride (2ml) in N, N-dimethylformamide (10ml) was added dropwise to the mixture. The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18h before the volatiles were removedin vacuo. The residue was partitioned between dichloromethane (100ml) and saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution (50ml). The organic phase was subsequently washed with additional saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution (2 x 50ml) and water (50ml) before drying over magnesium sulphate, filtering and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo to give a pale yellow oil. The oil was purified by Biotage flash chromatography on a 90g silica cartridge eluting with 25% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, to give the title compound as a colourless oil (2.97g). LC/MS (System A) R, 2.63 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 371 [MH+].
Intermediate 3: [4-(3,4-Dich!orobenzy!)morpho!in-2-y!]methy!amine
To a stirred solution of Intermediate 2 (2.97g) in methanol (15ml) and water (5ml) was added potassium carbonate (5.53g). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18h before the methanol was removed in vacuo. Water (25ml) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30ml). The combined organic phases were washed with water (5ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (10ml) before drying over sodium sulphate, filtering and evaporation of the solvent in vacuo to give a pale yellow oil. The oil was purified by Biotage flash chromatography on a 90g silica cartridge eluting with 75:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia solution. The required fractions were combined and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless oil (1.85g).
LC/MS (System A) R, 1.77 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 275 [MH+j.
Intermediate 3: f4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-vπmethylamine (alternative synthesis) A mixture of 2-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino]ethanol (Chem Abs No. 40172-06-3, 0.980g) and 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1 H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione (1.1 Og) was heated at 80°C under nitrogen for 3h. The resulting solid mass was treated with concentrated sulphuric acid (1.5ml) then stirred at 150°C for 24h. The mixture was treated with water (100ml) then washed with ethyl acetate (2x100ml). The dark aqueous phase was basified to ~pH 12 using 5M aqueous sodium hydroxide, then extracted with ethyl acetate (2x100ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound as a brown oil (1.02g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 1.6min.
Intermediate 3A: [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methylamine salt with para- toluenesulphonic acid 1 :1 A solution of 2-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino]ethanol (2.25g) and 2-chloroacrylonitrile (1.0ml) in tetrahydrofuran (3ml) was heated at 40°C for 66h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to leave a gum. The residue was redissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20ml) and cooled to 0-5°C. Potassium tert-butoxide (1.2g) was added portionwise to this solution over 10min and the mixture was stirred at 0-5°C for a further 45min. The mixture was diluted with water (20ml) and ethyl acetate (20ml), the phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with 20% w/w aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo to leave a gum (2.75g). A portion of this gum (0.22g) in tetrahydrofuran (1 ml) was treated dropwise with a 1 M solution of borane.tetrahydrofuran complex in tetrahydrofuran (2.44ml) at 15-25°C. The mixture was stirred at 15-25°C for 16h, and methanol (3ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for a further 5h and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in ethyl acetate (4ml) and p-toluenesuifonic acid monohydrate (0.123g) was added. The mixture was heated at 50°C for 20min, and the suspension was cooled to 15- 25°C and stirred for 15min. The mixture was filtered, washed with ethyl acetate and dried to give the title compound (0.123g) as a white solid.
LC/MS (System A) Rt 1.75 min. Mass spectrum m/z 275/277 [MH+]
Intermediate 4: Benzyl 2-{[(trifluoroacetyl)amino]methyl}morpholine-4-carboxylate
To a stirred solution of Intermediate 1 (6.37g) in methanol (250ml) under nitrogen was added benzylchloroformate (4.7ml) and triethylamine (6.3ml). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 1h before the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by Biotage flash chromatography on a 90g silica cartridge eluting with 33% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, to give the title compound as a white solid (4.4g). LC/MS (System A) Rt 3.22 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 347 [MH+]. Intermediate 5: Benzyl 2-(aminomethyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate To a stirred solution of Intermediate 4 (4.4g) in 1 :1 methanol/water (300ml) was added potassium carbonate (17.5g). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 36h before the volatiles were evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in water and the solution extracted with dichloromethane (x 3). The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, dried over magnesium sulphate and filtered before evaporation of the solvent in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol and purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column), initially washing the cartridge with methanol before eluting with 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol to give thetitle compound as a colourless oil (2.27g). LC/MS (System A) R, 2.07 min, Mass Spectrum t77/z 251 [MH+].
Intermediate 6: Benzyl 2-[({[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)methyl]morpholine-4- carboxylate
To a stirred solution of Intermediate 5 (2.0g) in dichloromethane (100ml) was added 4- chlorophenylisocyanate (1.35g). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18h before 10%> 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol (10ml) was added. Stirring was continued for a further 30 min before the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by Biotage flash chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 33% ethyl acetate/cyclohexane; further purification by Biotage flash chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 500:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia solution gave the impure title compound as a buff solid (3.6g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 3.41 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 404 [MH+].
Intermediate 7: N-(Morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-N'-phenylurea
A suspension of 10 % palladium on carbon (1.5g) and Intermediate 6 (3.2g) in ethyl acetate
(250ml) was stirred vigorously under hydrogen at 1 atmosphere and 22°C for 20h. The catalyst was filtered off and the volatiles were removed in vacuo. The procedure was repeated with a further portion of the catalyst (1g) for a further 24 h before filtration and solvent evaporation in vacuo. Purification of the residue by Biotage flash chromatography on a 90g silica cartridge, eluting with 100:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia solution, gave the title compound as a colourless oil (1.6g). LC/MS (System A) R, 1.39 min, Mass Spectrum /z 236 [MH+].
Intermediate 8: tert-Butyl 2-[({[(4-chlorophenyl)amino1carbonyl}amino)methyl]morpholine-
4-carboxylate
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 2-(aminomethyl)morpholine-4-carboxylate (Prepared as described in EP 0 468231 , 2.4g) in dichloromethane (100ml) was added 4- chlorophenylisocyanate (1.87g). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 16h before 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol was added. Stirring was continued for a further 30 min before the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the title compound as a white foam (3.98g). LC/MS (System A) R, 3.19 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 370 [MH+]. Intermediate 9: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-(morpholin-2-ylmethyl)urea
Intermediate 8 (1.9g) was stirred in 4.0M hydrogen chloride in 1 ,4-dioxane (40ml) at 22°C for 30min. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column), eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 NH3 solution in methanol, to give the title compound as a cream foam (1.15g). LC/MS (System A) R, 2.03 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 270 [MH+].
Intermediate 10: 4-Nitrophenyl [4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methylcarbamate Triethylamine (0.09ml) was added to solution of Intermediate 3 (0.150g, 0.545mmol) in dichloromethane (3ml) with stirring at 20°C under nitrogen. The solution was cooled to 0°C and a solution of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.121 g) in dichloromethane (1ml) was added drop-wise. The resultant mixture was stirred for 4h at 0°C. The solution was allowed to warm to 20°C, washed with brine (4ml), dried (MgSO4), and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by Biotage flash chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 35% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, gave the title compound as a pale yellow solid (0.119g). LC/MS (system A) R, 3.01 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 441 [MH+]. Intermediate 11 : 1 -[(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine
Intermediate 3 (racemic mixture, 8g) was separated into its single enantiomers by preparative chiral-HPLC. The separation was carried out using a 2" x 22cm Chiralpak AD 20μm column, Merck self pack DAC system, eluting with 95:5:0.1 (v/v) heptane : absolute ethanol: diethylamine (flow rate: 55ml/min over 40min, UV detection 225nm); sample load preparation: 400mg sample in 20ml 3:2 (v/v) absolute ethanol: system eluent.
The title compound (2.49g) was obtained as follows: preparative HPLC retention time 23.0 min.
Intermediate 11A: 1-[(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine salt with D- tartaric acid 1 :1 35% Hydrazine in water (1.8ml) was added to a slurry of Intermediate 42 (5g) in industrial methylated spirits (75ml), and the mixture was heated to reflux. Chloroform (75ml) was added and the mixture was heated under reflux for 65h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0-4°C and allowed to stand for 15min. The by-product phthalhydrazide was removed by vacuum filtration and washed with chloroform (50ml). The filtrate was washed with water (50ml, 25ml), dried (MgSO4), and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give an oil. This was dissolved in methanol (20ml), which was evaporated in vacuo to give an oil. The oil was dissolved in methanol (100ml) and D-tartaric acid (1.05g) was added. The mixture was heated to and maintained at reflux for 30min. The solution was cooled to 45-50°C, then seeded. The slurry was held at this temperature for 30min, then cooled to 0-4°C and allowed to stand for 30min. The product was isolated by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (2.59g).
A sample of the crude D-tartrate salt (500mg) was dissolved in water (1.4ml). Methanol
(23ml) was added to give a slurry which was heated to reflux to give a solution. The mixture was stirred at reflux for 30min, then cooled slowly, seeding at 55°C. The resultant slurry was cooled to 0-4°C and allowed to stand 30min. The product was isolated by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.355g). ee: 91.6%ee
LC/MS (System A) Rt 1.75 min. Mass spectrum m/z 275/277 [MH+] Chiral analytical HPLC (Chiralpak AD column, 4.6 x 250mm, eluent 50:50:0.1 MeOH: EtOH:
Butylamine, flow rate 0.5ml/min, UV detection at 220nm), Rt 8.9min.
Intermediate 11A (Alternative Procedure): 1-[(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yljmethanamine salt with D-tartaric acid 1:1
Intermediate 3 (0.613g) was dissolved in methanol (12.3ml). D-Tartaric acid (0.335g) was added and the slurry was heated to reflux for 50min. The mixture was allowed to cool to 0-
5°C and the precipitate isolated by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.4g). ee: 76%ee
Chiral analytical HPLC (Chiralpak AD column, 4.6 x 250mm, eluent 50:50:0.1 MeOH: EtOH:
Butylamine, flow rate 0.5ml/min, UV detection at 220nm), Rt 8.9min. Intermediate 12: 1 -[(2R)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine
Intermediate 12 was prepared in an analogous manner to Intermediate 11 yielding the title compound (2.24g) as follows: preparative HPLC retention time 27.8 min.
Intermediate 12A: 1-[(2R)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine salt with L- tartaric acid 1 :1 Intermediate 3 (0.500g) was dissolved in methanol (5ml). L-Tartaric acid (0.273g) was added and the mixture was heated to ~6δ°C to give a milky slurry, and maintained at this temperature for 1h. Further methanol (δml) was added and the mixture left to cool slowly to
1δ-2δ°C, then cooled further to 0-4°C. The mixture was stirred for 30min at this temperature and the product isolated by filtration to give the title compound as a white solid (0.38g). ee: 78%
LC/MS (System A) R, 1.75 min. Mass spectrum m/z 275/277 [MH+]
Chiral analytical HPLC (Chiralpak AD column, 4.6 x 250mm, eluent 50:60:0.1 MeOH: EtOH:
Butylamine, flow rate 0.5ml/min, UV detection at 220nm), Rt 10.5min. Intermediate 13: 4-Nitrophenyl [(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methylcarbamate
Intermediate 13 was prepared in an analogous manner to Intermediate 10 from Intermediate
V_ (0.225g) and 4-nitrophenylchloroforrriate (0.182g) to yield the title compound (0.2g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 3.1 mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 441 [MH+].
Intermediate 14: 4-Nitrophenyl [(2R)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methylcarbamate Intermediate 14 was prepared in an analogous manner to Intermediate 10 from Intermediate
12 (0.21 g) and 4-nitrophenylchloroformate (0.17g) to yield the title compound (0.23g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 3.09mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 441 [MH+j.
Intermediate 15: tert-Butyl 4-{[({[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate Intermediate 15 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43, using tetrahydrofuran as solvent, without base, to give the title compound as a white solid (0.157g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.92min, Mass spectrum m/z 501 [MH+].
Intermediate 16: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-piperidin-4-ylurea hydrochloride Intermediate 15 (0.1 δ7g) was stirred in dioxane (4ml) containing 4.0M hydrogen chloride in dioxane (0.78ml) for 16h, at 23°C under nitrogen. The solvent was removed in vacuo, azeotroped with dichloromethane (20ml), triturated in ether and dried under vacuum to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid (0.12g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.02min, Mass spectrum m/z 401 [MH+]. Intermediate 17 tert-butyl 4-({[({[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
Intermediate 17 was made in an analogous manner to that of Example 57
LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.72mins Mass Spectrum m/z 51δ [MH+].
Intermediate 18: N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(piperidin-4- ylmethyl)urea dihydrochloride
Intermediate 17 (0.390g) was stirred in 4.0M hydrogen chloride in dioxane (4ml) for 2h, at
23°C under nitrogen. The solvent was removed in vacuo, azeotroped with dichloromethane
(20ml), and dried under vacuum to give the title compound as a pale yellow solid, (0.33g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 1.84 min, Mass spectrum m/z 416 [MH+]. Intermediate 19 [(2S)-4-(3-chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methylamine Intermediate 19 was made in an analogous manner to that of Intermediate 1 Preparative HPLC retention time 26.1 min
Intermediate 20 [(2S)-4-(2,3-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methylamine Intermediate 20 was made in an analogous manner to that of Intermediate 1
Preparative HPLC retention time 25.3min
Intermediate 21 [(2S)-4-(3,4-difluoroben£yl)morpholin-2-yl]methylamine Intermediate 21 was made in an analogous manner to that of Intermediate 11 Preparative HPLC retention time 28.3min Intermediate 22: 4-Nitrophenyl prop-2-ynylcarbamate
Propargylamine (0.017ml) and triethylamine (0.38ml) in dichloromethane (2ml) were added dropwise to p-nitrophenylchloroformate (O.δδg) in dichloromethane (3ml) at 0°C. The solution was stirred for 1 h at this temperature then at 23°C for δh. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by solid phase extraction (10g silica gel cartridge, Varian Bond Elut), eluting with 20-60% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, to give the title compound as a white solid (0.419g).
LC/MS (system A) Rt 2.67min Mass spectrum m/z 220 [MH+]. Intermediate 23: {(2S)-4-[(5-chlorothien-2-yl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methylamine Intermediate 23 was made in an analogous manner to that of Intermediate 1 Chiral preparative HPLC retention time 2δ.2min
Intermediate 24: [(2R,δR)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-δ-methylmorpholin-2-yl]methylamine
(mixture with trans isomer, cis:trans 60:40)
Intermediate 24 was made in an analogous manner to that of Intermediate 31from (2R)-2- aminopropan-1-ol. LC-MS (System A): Rt 1.9 mins Mass Spectrum m/z 289 [MH+].
Intermediate 25: tert-Butyl 4-{[({[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}butanoate
4-Aminobutyric acid tert-butyl ester hydrochloride (0.235g) was added to a stirred solution of
Intermediate 13 (0.440g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.42ml) in dry dichloromethane (20ml) under nitrogen, and the mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18h. The mixture was treated with saturated aqueous potassium carbonate (20ml) and stirred for δ min. The layers were separated and the organic layer applied to a silica gel cartridge (10g Varian Bond Elut). Elution with dichloromethane, ether, ethyl acetate, and acetone gave the crude product (0.3δ7g). Further purification by chromatography on silica gel (10g Varian Bond Elut cartridge), eluting with dichloromethane (1 column volume), ether (4 column volumes) and ethyl acetate (8 column volumes) gave the title compound as a gum (0.345g). LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.66min Mass Spectrum m/z 460 [MH+]. Intermediate 26: 4-{[({[(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}butanoic acid hydrochloride
Intermediate 25 (0.345g) was dissolved in 4M hydrogen chloride in dioxane (δml), and the mixture was allowed to stand at 22°C for 19.5h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (0.330g). LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.16min Mass Spectrum m/z 404 [MH+]. Intermediate 27: 2-[3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)propyl]-1 H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione
A solution of 3-(1 ,3-dioxo-1 ,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)propane-1-sulfonyl chloride (0.288g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (δml) was treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.3δ0ml) and pyrrolidine (0.10ml) at 22°C under nitrogen, and the mixture was stirred at 22°C for 1h. After standing overnight at room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (10ml) and ethyl acetate (2x10ml). The organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated in vacuo to give a white solid (0.145g). LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.81 min. Mass Spectrum m/z 323 [MH+]. Intermediate 28: 3-(Pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)propylamine A solution of Intermediate 27 (0.139g) in isopropanol (7.6ml) and water (1.3ml) was treated with sodium borohydride (0.081 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 19h. Glacial acetic acid (0.4δml) was added cautiously and the mixture heated at 80°C for 2h. The solvents were evaporated in vacuo to give a white solid, which was dissolved in methanol and applied to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (10g Isolute SCX). Elution with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol, and evaporation of the ammonia/methanol fraction gave the title compound as a white solid (0.027g).
TLC SiO2 (dichloromethane:ethanol:0.880 ammonia 89:10:1) Rf 0.2
Intermediate 29: 4-Nitrophenyl [(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methylcarbamate hydrochloride A mixture of triethylamine (0.101 ml) and Intermediate 11 (2.0g) in dichloromethane (20ml) was added dropwise to a solution of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (1.62g) in dichloromethane
(10ml) with stirring at 0°C under nitrogen. The solution was stirred for 3h at 0°C, allowed to warm to 20°C, and stand for 18h. The volatile components were evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by Biotage flash chromatography on silica gel (90g cartridge), eluting initially with 10% methanol in dichloromethane and subsequently with 20% methanol in dichloromethane, to give the title compound as a light brown solid (2.5g). LCMS (System A) R, 2.89min Mass Spectrum m/z 441 [MH+] Intermediate 30: 1-(2-Methyl-2H-tetraazol-5-yl)methanamine hydrochloride To Intermediate 37 (0.47g) was added 4.0M hydrogen chloride in 1 ,4-dioxane (δml). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 3h, and the solvent removed in vacuo. The residue was again dissolved in 4.0M hydrogen chloride in 1 ,4-dioxane (δml), and left to stand at 22°C for 18h. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo gave the title compound as a cream solid (0.319g). Thermospray Mass Spectrum m/z = 114 [MH+] Intermediate 31 : 1-[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-δ-methylmorpholin-2-yl]methanamine (cis/trans ratio 2:1)
A mixture of Intermediate 43 (0.470g) and 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione (0.41 Og) was heated at 80°C under nitrogen for δh. The mixture was treated with concentrated sulphuric acid (0.6ml) then stirred at 1δ0°C for 42h. The mixture was treated with water (50ml) then washed with ethyl acetate (2x50ml). The dark aqueous phase was basified to ~pH 11 using δM aqueous sodium hydroxide then extracted with ethyl acetate (2x50ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound as a brown oil (0.42g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 1.74min. Intermediate 32: tert-Butyl {(2S)-4-[1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]morpholin-2- yl}methylcarbamate tert-Butyl (2R)-morpholin-2-ylmethylcarbamate (2.00g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (16ml) was treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.6ml) followed by 4-(1-bromoethyl)-1 ,2- dichlorobenzene (2.58g). After stirring for five days at room temperature, further portions of 4-(1 -bromoethyl)-1 ,2-dichlorobenzene (2.58g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.6ml) were added and stirring continued for 24h at room temperature. The solution was treated with dichloromethane (70ml) and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (30ml) and the mixture shaken vigorously. The organic phase was separated and applied equally onto sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridges (δx10g Isolute SCX, pre-treated with methanol). The cartridges were each eluted with methanol (one column volume) followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (one column volume); evaporation in vacuo of the combined basic fractions gave the title compound as a clear colourless gum (3.22g) LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.74min, Mass Spectrum m/z 389 [MH+j. Intermediate 33: 1-{(2S)-4-[1-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)ethyl1morpholin-2-yl}methanamine dihydrochloride
Intermediate 32 was treated with 4M hydrogen chloride in dioxane (1δml) and the solution stirred for 2h at room temperature. The solution was treated with methanol (20ml) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as an off-white solid (1.53g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 1.86min and 1.91 min, Mass spectrum m/z 289 [MH+].
Intermediates 34 and 3δ: 4-Nitrophenyf {(2S)-4-[1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]morpholin-2- yl}methylcarbamate (Isomer I and II, respectively)
Intermediate 33 (0.724g) in dichloromethane (δml) was treated with triethylamine (1.14ml), forming a slurry which was added portion-wise over δ min to a solution of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (0.444g) in anhydrous dichloromethane (5ml) at 0°C under nitrogen. The stirring solution was allowed to warm to room temperature over 2h, then filtered; the filtrate was purified directly by chromatography on silica gel (Biotage 90g column), eluting with 35 -
40%) ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, and appropriate fractions evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (Isomer I) as an opaque yellow film (0.202g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.90min, Mass spectrum m/z 454 [MH+].
Analytical Chiral HPLC Rt 18.03 mins (eluent 25% EtOH/heptane).
Appropriate other fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the other title compound (Isomer II) (0.196g) as an opaque yellow film. LC/MS (System A) R, 2.88min, Mass spectrum m/z 454 [MH+].
Analytical Chiral HPLC Rt 1δ.38mins (eluent 2δ% EtOH/heptane).
Intermediate 36: tert-Butyl 1 H-tetraazol-5-ylmethylcarbamate
To a stirred solution of 1-(1 H-tetraazol-5-yl)methanamine (6.0g) in water (120ml) at 22°C was added sodium hydroxide (4.8g), followed by dropwise addition of a solution of di-tert- butyldicarbonate (13.48g) in methanol (20ml). Further methanol (40ml) was added to the mixture and stirring continued for 4h; the mixture was then allowed to stand for 60h at 4°C.
The methanol was evaporated in vacuo and the aqueous residue acidified to approximately pH 6 with 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (x3) and the combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried (MgSO4) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (1.50g).
Thermospray Mass Spectrum m/z 200 [MH+], 217 [MNH4 +]
Intermediate 37: tert-Butyl (2-methyl-2H-tetraazol-δ-yl)methylcarbamate To a stirred solution of Intermediate 36 (1.0g) in dichloromethane (35ml) and methanol (10ml) at 22°C under nitrogen was added dropwise 10% trimethylsilyldiazomethane in hexane (12.0ml). The mixture was stirred for 2h at 22°C before acetic acid (2ml) was added dropwise and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo. The crude residue was purified by Biotage flash column chromatography on silica gel (90g cartridge), eluting with 10% cyclohexane in ether. The fractions for the first eluting isomer were combined and the solvents evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as pale yellow crystals (0.487g). Thermospray Mass Spectrum m/z = 214 [MH+] TLC (SiO2), 10% cyclohexane/ether) Rf = 0.35, visualised with KMnO4 Intermediate 38: tert-Butyl 3-(ethy!thio)propylcarbamate
A solution of tert-butyl 3-bromopropylcarbamate (0.30g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (5ml) was treated with ethanethiol (0.104ml) and potassium carbonate (0.29g), and the mixture stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was partitioned between water (20ml) and dichloromethane (30ml), and the organic layers evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.236g).
TLC SiO2 (cyclohexane: ethyl acetate 4: 1 ) Rf 0.5.
Intermediate 39: tert-Butyl 3-(ethylsulfonyl)propylcarbamate
3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (0.373g) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 38
(0.236g) in dry dichloromethane (6ml) at 22°C under nitrogen, and the mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18h. The mixture was treated with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate (10ml), stirred for 3 min, and the separated organic layer evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.275g).
NMR (CDCI3) δ.1δδ(1 H, br.t, NH), 3.25δ(2H, q, CH2), 3.00δ(4H, t+q, 2xCH2), 2.03δ(2H, m, CH2), 1.50-1.30δ(12H, s+t, 4xCH3) Intermediate 40: 3-(Ethylsulfonyl)propan-1 -amine hydrochloride
Intermediate 39 (0.275g) was dissolved in 4M hydrogen chloride in dioxane (3ml), and the solution was allowed to stand at 22°C for 2h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (186mg). NMR (D4 MeOH) 3.25δ(2H, t, CH2), 3.15δ(4H, t+q, 2xCH2), 2.18δ(2H, m, CH2), 1.38δ(3H, t, CH3).
Intermediate 41 : [4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-1 ,4-oxazepan-2-yllmethylamine Formyl polystyrene resin (1.6g, loading = 2.95mmol/g) was washed five times with tetrahydrofuran in a glass sintered peptide vessel. A solution of 1-(1 ,4-oxazepan-2- yl)methanamine (0.619g) in tetrahydrofuran (20ml) was added and the mixture shaken at 22°C for 18h. The mixture was filtered and the resin washed with tetrahydrofuran (4x20ml) and methanol (3x10ml) and dried. A portion of the dried resin (1.2g) was suspended in N,N- dimethylformamide (20ml), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.04ml) and 3,4- dichlorobenzylchloride were added. The mixture was stirred gently at 70°C for 22h. After cooling, the mixture was filtered and the resin washed with THF (5x10ml) and dichloromethane (5x10ml) and air-dried on the sinter. The resin was placed into a glass sintered peptide vessel and suspended in tetrahydrofuran (9ml); cone, hydrochloric acid (3ml) was added, and the vessel was shaken for 2h. The resin was filtered off and washed with tetrahydrofuran (2x10ml). The combined filtrates were concentrated in vacuo to give a clear oil, which was applied to an ion exchange cartridge (10g Isolute SCX, pre-conditioned with methanol). Elution with methanol (3 column volumes) followed 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (2 column volumes) and evaporation of the basic fractions in vacuo gave a residue. The ion exchange purification was repeated (as above) to give the title compound as a colourless gum (0.256g). 1H NMR (CDCI3): 7.46δ( H, d, Aromatic CH), 7.38δ(1 H d, Aromatic CH), 7.19δ(1 H, dd
.Aromatic CH), 3.94δ(1 H, m, CH), 3.80δ( H, m, CH), 3.59δ(2H, s, CH2), 3.57δ(1 H, m, CH),
2.82-2.δ3δ(6H, m, δxCH), 2.38δ(1H, dd, CH), 1.98-1.78δ(2H, m, 2xCH), 1.49δ(2H+H2O, br.s,
NH2).
Intermediate 42: 2-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-1 H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione To a solution of 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1 H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione (N-(2,3-epoxypropyl)- phthalimide) (2g) in tetrahydrofuran (4 ml) was added 2-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)amino]ethanol (2.16 g) with stirring, under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was heated to 66°C for 22h, then cooled to 0°C. A further portion of tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added, followed by triphenylphosphine (2.88 g). Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (2.2 g) was then added over 10 min. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for a further 30 min, and at room temperature for 14h. To the crude solution was added ethyl acetate (100 ml), then 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid (250 ml). The resulting white precipitate was isolated by filtration, and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as its white crystalline hydrochoride salt (2.01 g). This was partitioned between 8% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200ml) and ethyl acetate (50ml). The organic phase was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give a solid. Dichloromethane (20ml) was added to the residue and the solvent again evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (1.1g). LC/MS Rt2.91 min. Mass Spectrum m/z 405 [MH+] Intermediate 43: 2-f(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)aminolpropan-1-ol 3,4-Dichlorobenzyl chloride (0.988g) was added to 2-amino-1-propanol (4.10g) and the mixture was stirred at δO°C under nitrogen for 2h. The mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100ml) and ethyl acetate (100ml) and the phases were separated. The organic layer was washed with water (4x100ml) and brine, dried (Na2SO4) then concentrated under vacuum to give the title compound as a white solid
(0.935g).
LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.13min. Examples Example 1 : N-Benzyl-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea To a stirred solution of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) in dichloromethane (1ml) was added benzylisocyanate (16.8μl). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18h before tris-(2- aminoethyl)amine polystyrene (Argonaut Technologies, 0.04g @ 3.85mmol/g) was added. Stirring was continued for a further 72h before the mixture was poured onto a 1g solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid) cartridge. The cartridge was washed with methanol before eluting with 10%> 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol. The basic fraction was evaporated in vacuo to give a pale yellow solid. The solid was purified by eluting through a 1g silica solid phase extraction cartridge (Varian Bondelut) eluting sequentially with dichloromethane, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile and methanol, to give the title compound as a white solid (0.031 g). LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.22 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 408 [MH+].
Example 2: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(4- methoxybenzyl)urea
Example 2 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (19.5μl) to give the title compound (0.0257g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.23mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 438 [MH+].
Example 3: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(4-methylbenzyl)urea
Example 3 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-4-methylbenzene (19.1μl) to give the title compound (0.0318g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.33mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 422 [MH+]. Example 4: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(3-methylbenzyl)urea
Example 4 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-3-methylbenzene (19.1 μl) to give the title compound (0.0382g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.32mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 422 [MH+]. Example δ: N-(3-Cyanophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 5 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 3-isocyanatobenzonitrile (0.0196g) to give the title compound (0.02δ7g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.29mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 419 [MH+]. Example 6: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(2-methylbenzyl)urea Example 6 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-(isocyanatomethyl)-2-methylbenzene (0.0201 g) to give the title compound (0.0269g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.31 mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 422 [MH+]. Example 7: N-Cyclohexyl-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea
Example 7 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and isocyanatocyclohexane (17.4μl) to give the title compound
(0.0298g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.26mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 400 [MH+]. Example 8: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(2-phenylethyl)urea
Example 8 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and (2-isocyanatoethyl)benzene (18.9μl) to give the title compound (0.0312g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.29mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 422 [MH+].
Example 9: N-({4-[2-(2,3-Dihydro-1 H-indol-1 -yl)-2-oxoethyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)-N'- phenylurea
To a stirred solution of Intermediate 7 (0.01g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (0.5ml) was added
1-(2-chloroacetyl)indoline (0.0092g). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 17h before tris-(2- aminoethyl)amine polystyrene (Argonaut Technologies, 0.01 g @ 4.46mmol/g) and polystyrene methyl isocyanate (Argonaut Technologies, 0.033g @ 1.39mmol/g) was added. Stirring was continued for a further 30 min before the mixture was purified by solid phase extraction (1g Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column), eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol. The basic fraction was evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (0.012g). LC/MS (System A) 'Rt 2.69 min, Mass Spectrum m/z 394 [MH+].
Example 10: N-Allyl-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 10 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 3-isocyanatoprop-1-ene (12.0μl) to give the title compound (0.027g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 1.93mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 3δ8 [MH+j.
Example 11 : N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(3-fluorophenyl)urea Example 11 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-fluoro-3-isocyanatobenzene (1δ.6μl) to give the title compound (0.019g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.35mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 412 [MH+]. Example 12: N-(3-Bromophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 12 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-bromo-3-isocyanatobenzene (17.0μl) to give the title compound (0.03g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.50mins, Mass Spectrum m/z All [MH+]. Example 13: N-(3-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea
Example 13 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-chloro-3-isocyanatobenzene (16.6μl) to give the title compound (0.0247g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.46mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 428 [MH+]. Example 14: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 14 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-chloro-4-isocyanatobenzene (17.4μl) to give the title compound (0.027δg). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.4δmins, Mass Spectrum m/z 428 [MH+j. Example 1δ: Methyl 3-{[({[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl] amino}benzoate Example 15 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and methyl 3-isocyanatobenzoate (0.0241 g) to give the title compound (0.037g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.32mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 452 [MH+]. Example 16: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea Example 16 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-(difluoromethoxy)-4-isocyanatobenzene (19.1 μl) to give the title compound (0.02δ2g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.41 mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 460 [MH+j. Example 17: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(4-fluorophenyl)urea Example 17 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-fluoro-4-isocyanatobenzene (15.5μl) to give the title compound (0.0311g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.30mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 421 [MH+]. Example 18: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[3- (methylthio)phenyl]urea Example 18 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-isocyanato-3-(methylthio)benzene (18.8μl) to give the title compound (0.03δ2g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.41 mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 440 [MH+]. Example 19: N-(4-Chlorσphenyl)-N'-{[4-(1 -naphthylmethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea To a stirred solution of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (1ml) was addedl- (chloromethyl)naphthalene (6.1 μl). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 24h before tris-(2- aminoethyl)amine polystyrene (Argonaut Technologies, 0.01 g @ 4.46mmol/g) and polystyrene methyl isocyanate (Argonaut Technologies, 0.033g @ 1.39mmol/g) was added. Stirring was continued for a further 2h before the mixture was purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column), eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol. The basic fraction was evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.003g). LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.82 min, Mass Spectrum m/z AW [MH+]. Example 20: N-(4-Bromophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 20 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-bromo-4-isocyanatobenzene (0.027g) to give the title compound (0.033g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.49mins, Mass Spectrum m/z All [MH+].
Example 21 : N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3-iodobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 21 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-iodobenzene (0.0121 g) to give the title compound (0.0087g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.83mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 486 [MH+]. Example 22: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[3-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea
Example 22 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-isocyanato-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (18.8μl) to give thetitle compound (0.0112g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.56mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 462 [MH+]. Example 23: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(2-naphthylmethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea
Example 23 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 2-(bromomethyl)naphthalene (0.009g) to give thetitle compound (0.0052g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.81 mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 410 [MH+]. Example 24: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(2,6-dichloropyridin-4- yl)urea
Example 24 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 2,6-dichloro-4-isocyanatopyridine (0.02δ8g) to give the title compound (0.0165g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.46mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 463 [MH+]. Example 2δ: N-(4-Cyanophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 2δ was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of
Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 4-isocyanatobenzonitrile (0.0196g) to give the title compound (0.032δg). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.29mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 419 [MH+]. Example 26: N-{[4-(3-Chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(4-chlorophenyl)urea Example 26 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-chlorobenzene (5.4μl) to give the title compound (0.0023g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.72mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 394 [MH+]. Example 27: N-[(4-But-3-enylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-N'-(4-chlorophenyl)urea Example 27 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of
Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 4-bromobut-1-ene (4.1 μl) to give the title compoαnd(0.0027g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.34mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 324 [MH+].
Example 28: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-({4-[2-(phenylthio)ethyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)urea Example 28 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and [(2-bromoethyl)thiojbenzene (0.0089g) to give thetitle compound
(0.0023g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.77mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 406 [MH+]. Example 29: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(2-methoxyethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 29 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane (3.8μl) to give the title compound (0.0041 g). LC-MS (System A) : Rt 2.22mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 328 [MH+j.
Example 30: N-{[4-(1 , 1 '-Biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(4- chiorophenyQurea
Example 30 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 4-(chloromethyl)-1 ,1'-biphenyl (0.0083g) to give the title compound (0.0052g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.9δmins, Mass Spectrum m/z 436 [MH+].
Example 31 : N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-(1 -naphthyl)urea Example 31 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-isocyanatonaphthalene (19.6μl) to give the title compound (0.0304g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.43mins, Mass Spectrum m/z AAA [MH+]. Example 32: N-(1 , 1 '-Biphenyi-4-yl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}urea • ^
Example 32 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 4-isocyanato-1 ,1'-biphenyl (0.0266g) to give thetitle compound (0.0314g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.65mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 470 [MH+]. Example 33: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yπmethyl}-N'-(4- phenoxyphenyQurea
Example 33 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-isocyanato-4-phenoxybenzene (24.6μl) to give the title compound (0.0171 g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.62mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 486 [MH+]. Example 34: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-{4- [(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl}urea
Example 34 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-isocyanato-4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]benzene (21.9μl) to give the title compound (0.0122g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.70mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 494 [MH+],
Example 35: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[4- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea
Example 35 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-isocyanato-4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene (20.6μl) to give the title compound (0.0371 g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.δ7mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 478 [MH+].
Example 36: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[4- (dimethylamino)phenyl]urea
Example 36 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 1 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 4-isocyanato-N,N-dimethylaniline (0.0221g) to give the title compound (0.031 g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 1.68mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 437 [MH+].
Example 37: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-({4-[(5-chlorothien-2-yl)methyl]morpholin-2- yl}methyl)urea
Example 37 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 2-chloro-δ-(chloromethyl)thiophene (0.0068g) to give the title compound (0.0098g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.84mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 400 [MH+].
Example 38: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(4-vinylbenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 38 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 1-(chloromethyl)-4-vinylbenzene (0.0062g) to give the title compound (0.0071 g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.72mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 386 [MH+]. Example 39: 2-{2-[({[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}aminό)methyl]morpholin-4-yl}ethyl benzoate
Example 39 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 2-bromoethyl benzoate (6.5μl) to give the title compound (0.007g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.69mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 418 [MH+]. Example 40: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-({4-[2-(4-fluorophenoxy)ethyl]morpholin-2- yl}methyl)urea
Example 40 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01g) and 1-(2-bromoethoxy)-4-fluorobenzene (0.0089g) to give the title compound (0.007g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.69mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 408 [MH+]. Example 41 : N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-({4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl]morpholin-2- yl}methyl)urea
Example 41 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 4-chloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)butan-1-one (0.0089g) to give thetitle compound (0.0043g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.83mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 450 [MH+],
Example 42: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea To a stirred solution of Intermediate 9 (O.Oδg) was added a solution of 3,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (42.7mg) in N, N-dimethylformamide (7ml). The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 15h before the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by eluting through a 1g silica solid phase extraction cartridge (Varian Bondelut), eluting sequentially with dichloromethane, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile and methanol, to give thetitle compound as a white solid (O.OδOg). LC/MS (System A) Rt 3.10 min, Mass Spectrum m/z AA1 [MH+]. Example 43: N'-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N- methylurea
4-Fluoro-N-methylaniline (0.007ml) was added to a solution of Intermediate 10 (0.025g) in anhydrous pyridine (1ml). The mixture was heated at 110°C in a thick walled glass vial (Reactivial) for 20h. The mixture was evaporated to remove the pyridine, and partitioned between ethyl acetate (10ml) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (10ml). The organic layer was washed with further sodium bicarbonate (10mlxδ), brine (10ml), dried (MgSO4), concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (Trikonex flash tube 2002, 2g), eluting with 70% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane to give the title compound as a pale yellow gum 0.014g. LCMS (system A) Rt 2.δ2min, Mass Spectrum m/z 426 [MH+]. Example 44: Ethyl {2-[({[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)methyl]morpholin-4- yl}(phenyl)acetate
Example 44 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and ethyl bromo(phenyl)acetate (0.029g) to give thetitle compound (0.0372g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 3.43mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 432 [MH+]. Example 45: 2-{2-[({[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)methyl]morpholin-4-yl}-2- phenylacetamide
Example 45 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and 2-bromo-2-phenylacetamide (0.028g) to give thetitle compound (0.0296g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.75mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 401 [MH+]. Example 46: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(cyanomethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 46 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 19 using a mixture of Intermediate 9 (0.01 g) and bromoacetonitrile (2.8μl) to give the title compound(0.0039g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.79mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 309 [MH+]. Example 47: N-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea
A suspension of 4-{[(polystyrene resin)methyl]thio}phenyl 4-nitrophenyl carbonate (Prepared as described in Tetrahedron Lett. (1998), 39(22), 3631-3634, 1.5g @ 0.99mmo)/g) in N,N- dimethylformamide (1δml) was shaken with Intermediate 3 (0.80g) at 22°C for 1 h. The resin was filtered, washed with N, N-dimethylformamide (x2), dichloromethane (x3) and N,N- dimethylformamide. The resin was again shaken with N, N-dimethylformamide (1δml) and
Intermediate 3 (0.80g) at 22°C for 1 h before being filtered, washed with N,N- dimethylformamide (x2), dichloromethane (x3) and ether (x2) and dried in vacuo to give the intermediate resin 4-{[(polystyrene resin)methyljthio}phenyl [4-(3,4- dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methylcarbamate as orange beads. To a sample of this resin (δOmg) in a test tube was added 4-chlorobenzylamine (9.6μl) and 1 drop of 1-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone, and the mixture was placed into a microwave oven and heated at full power (600W) for δ min. Dichloromethane (2ml) and formyipolystyrene resin were added, and the mixture was shaken at 22°C for 18h. The suspension was poured onto a 1g solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid) column which was then washed with methanol before eluting with 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol. The basic fraction was evaporated in vacuo to give a cream solid which was further purified by eluting through a 1g silica solid phase extraction cartridge (Varian Bondelut) eluting sequentially with dichloromethane, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile and methanol, to give thetitle compound as a white solid (4.7mg). LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.70 min, Mass Spectrumm/z 442 [MH+j.
Example 48: N-(3-Chlorobenzyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea Example 48 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 47 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.025g) and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)methanamine (9.6μl) to give the title compound (0.0092g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.73mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 442 [MH+]. Example 49: N-(2-Chlorobenzyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea
Example 49 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 47 using a mixture of Intermediate 3 (0.02δg) and 1-(2-chlorophenyl)methanamine (9.6μl) to give the title compound (0.008g). LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.74mins, Mass Spectrum m/z 442 [MH+]. Example 60: N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea
(ISOMER 1)
Chiral separation from the racemic mixture of Example 14:
Example 14 (racemic mixture, 0.040g) was separated into its single enantiomers of unknown configuration with a chiral preparative HPLC system. The separation was carried out using a
Chiralpak AD column (2cm x 25cm), eluting with 60% ethanol in heptane (15ml/min over
2δmins, UV detection λ = 21δnm) to give the title compound as a white solid (0.012g).
Preparative HPLC retention time 7.5min.
Example 51 : N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea (ISOMER 2)
Example 51 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 50 yielding the title compound as a white solid (0.012g). Preparative HPLC retention time 11 min.
Example 52: N-[3-({[({t4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]acetamide formate Example 52 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 10
(0.04g) and 3-acetamidobenzylamine (0.022g), and purified by Mass Directed Automated
Preparative HPLC to yield the title compound (0.008g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.47mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 465 [MH+j.
Example 63: 4-({[({[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yljmethyl}amino)carbonyl3amino}methyl)benzamide
Example δ3 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 47 from Intermediate 3
(0.02δg) and 4-aminomethylbenzamide (0.016g) to yield the title compound (0.0083g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.16mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 451 , 453 [MH+].
Example 54: 4-({[({[(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}methyl)benzamide
Example 54 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 13
(0.079g) and 4-aminomethylbenzamide (0.032g) using N, N-dimethylformamide as solvent to yield the title compound (0.0837g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.27mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 451 , 453 [MH+]. Chiral analytical HPLC, eluent 15% EtOH/n-heptane: Rt 41.8min.
Example δδ: 4-({[({f(2R)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyπamino}methyl)benzamide Example 56 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 14
(0.109g) and 4-aminomethylbenzamide (0.045g) using N, N-dimethylformamide as solvent to yield the title compound (0.0828g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.27mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 451 , 453 [MH+]. Chiral analytical HPLC, eluent 15% EtOH/n-heptane: Rt 36.7min.
Example 56: N-{[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-prop-2-ynylurea
Example 56 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 10
(0.040g) and propargylamine (0.006g) using dichloromethane and triethylamine at a temperature of 22°C to yield the title compound (0.028g). LC-MS (system A) Rt 2.22mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 366 [MH+j.
Chiral analytical HPLC, eluent 15% EtOH/n-heptane: Rt 12.25min and 14.1 min.
Example 57: N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-prop-2-ynylurea
Example 57 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 13
(0.1g) and propargylamine (0.014g) using dichloromethane and triethylamine at a temperature of 22°C to yield the title compound (0.064g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.40mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 356 [MH+].
Chiral analytical HPLC, eluent 15% EtOH/n-heptane: Rt 14.14min.
Example 58: N-{[(2R)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-prop-2-ynylurea
Example 58 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 43 from Intermediate 14 (0.12g) and propargylamine (0.014g) using dichloromethane and triethylamine at a temperature of 22°C to yield the title compound (0.057g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.37mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 3δ6 [MH+].
Chiral analytical HPLC, eluent 15% EtOH/n-heptane: Rt 12.26min.
Examples 59-122
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000052_0001
Figure imgf000053_0001
Figure imgf000054_0001
Figure imgf000055_0001
Figure imgf000056_0001
Figure imgf000057_0001
Figure imgf000058_0001
Figure imgf000059_0001
yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid compound with N,N,N-triethylamine
(1 :1)
Sodium hydroxide (0.09g) was added to a stirred solution of Example 105 (0.522g) in a mixture of water (5ml) and methanol (δml) at 20°C, and stirring was continued at 20°C for 18h. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to approximately 6 by the addition of 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide and the mixture was applied in two equal portions to ion exchange cartridges (10g Isolute SCX pre-conditioned with methanol). Elution with methanol (3 column volumes) followed 10% triethylamine in methanol (2 column volumes) and evaporation of the first basic fractions in vacuo gave the title compound as a tan solid (0.468g). LCMS (System A) R, 2.60min Mass Spectrum m/z A51 [MH+] Example 124: 4-({[({[(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino)methyl)benzamide hydrochloride
4.0M hydrogen chloride in 1 ,4-dioxane (2.0ml) was added to a stirred solution of Example 54 (0.1 OOg) in methanol (10ml), and stirring was continued at 22°C for 1 . The solvents were evaporated under a stream of nitrogen and the residue re-dissolved in methanol (4ml).
Toluene (4ml) was added, and the solvents were again evaporated under a stream of nitrogen. The residue was re-dissolved in methanol (4ml), toluene (4ml) added, and the solvents again evaporated under a stream of nitrogen. The white residue was triturated in ether and the solvent evaporated under a stream of nitrogen before being dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a white solid (0.117g).
LCMS (System A) Rt 2.25min Mass Spectrum m/z 461 [MH+] 1H NMR (D6 DMSO): 11.45δ(1 H, br.s, NH+), 7.97-7.92δ(2H d+br.s, Aromatic CH+NH) 7.82δ(2H, V VBB', 2xAromatic CH), 7.7δδ(1H, d, Aromatic CH), 7.δ9δ(1H, dd, Aromatic CH), 7.32δ(1 H, br.s, NH), 7.28δ(2H, 1/--AA'BB', 2xAromatic CH), 6.62, 6.28δ(2H, 2xv.br.s, CONH2), 4.3δδ(2H, AB, CH2), 4.25δ(2H, s, CH2), 3.9δδ( H dd, CH), 3.88-3.79δ(2H, m,
2xCH), 3.28δ(1 H, br.d, CH), 3.25-3.18δ(2H, br.m, 2xCH), 3.09δ(1 H, dd, CH), 3.00δ(_1 H, br.m, CH), 2.78δ(1 H, m, CH)
Example 125: N-{[(2S)-4-(2,3-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-prop-2-ynylurea A solution of Intermediate 22 (0.024g) in dichloromethane (1ml) was stirred with Intermediate 20 (0.033g) and N,N-diisopropyiethylamine (0.022ml) for 3h at 23°C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column) eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol. The basic fraction was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (δml), and the solution shaken with polystyrene methyl isocyanate resin (Argonaut technologies, 0.256g, 1.43mmol/g) for 16h. The solution was drained from the resin and the resin washed with dichloromethane (8ml); the combined filtrate and washings were concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound as a pale yellow gum (0.02g). LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.17min, Mass spectrum m/z 3δ6 [MH+]. Example 126: N-({(2S)-4- (δ-chlorothien-2-yl)methyl3morphoiin-2-yl}methyl)-N'-prop-2- ynylurea
Example 126 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 12δfrom Intermediate 23, (0.030g). Further purification using a silica gel solid phase extraction cartridge (1g Varian Bond Elut), eluting with 0-6% methanol in ethyl acetate, gave the title compound as a clear gum (0.02δg). LC/MS (System A) Rt 1.95 min Mass spectrum m/z 328 [MH+].
Example 127: N-{[(2S)-4-(3-chlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-prop-2-ynylurea
Example 127 was prepared in an analogous manner to Example 125 from Intermediate 19
(0.029g). Further purification using a silica gel solid phase extraction cartridge (1g Varian
Bond Elut), eluting with 0-5% methanol in ethyl acetate, gave the title compound as a clear gum (0.021 g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 1.93min Mass spectrum m/z 322 [MH+].
Examples 128-130
Figure imgf000061_0001
yljmethyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}methyl)-N-methylbenzamide
Example 123 (0.050g), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.066g) and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.116g) were stirred in N, N-dimethylformamide (4.2ml) and N,N-diisopropylethyiamine (0.132ml) was added to the mixture. Stirring was continued at 20°C until a clear solution was obtained. 2.0M methylamine in tetrahydrofuran (0.379ml) was added to a portion of the mixture (1.0ml) and the mixture was stirred at 20°C under nitrogen for 17h. The mixture was applied in two equal portions to ion exchange cartridges (2x 2g Isolute SCX pre-conditioned with methanol). Elution with methanol (3 column volumes) followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (2 column volumes) and evaporation of the basic fractions in vacuo gave the crude product. Purification by Biotage flash chromatography on a silica gel cartridge (8g), eluting with 100:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia, gave the title compound as a white solid
(0.0124g).
LCMS (System A) Rt 2.22min, Mass Spectrum m/z 465 [MH+].
Chiral analytical HPLC, eluent 15% ethanol in n-heptane, Rt 24.0min and 27.7min.
Examples 132-135
Figure imgf000062_0001
tetraazol-5-yl)methyl]urea
Intermediate 30 (0.041 g) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 29(0.110g) in N,N- dimethylformamide (2ml) at 22°C, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.062ml) was added. After stirring for 20 h, the mixture was applied in two equal portions to ion exchange cartridges
(10g Isolute SCX pre conditioned with methanol). Elution with methanol (3 column volumes) followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol (2 column volumes) and evaporation of the first basic fractions in vacuo gave the crude product. Purification by Biotage flash chromatography on silica gel (8g cartridge), eluting with 100:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia, gave the title compound as a white solid,
(0.0828g). LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.19min Mass Spectrum /z 414 [MH+].
Chiral analytical HPLC, eluent 30% ethanol/ 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in n-heptane, Rt
10.1min.
Examples 137-144
Figure imgf000063_0001
Figure imgf000064_0001
(ethylsulfonyl)propyl]urea
Intermediate 40 (0.0225g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.021 ml) were added to a solution of Intermediate 10 (0.044g) in dichloromethane (3ml), and the mixture was shaken at 22°C for 19h. Formyl polystyrene scavenging resin (2.95mmol/g, 0.02g) was added and the mixture shaken for 2h. The mixture was filtered, the resin washed with dichloromethane, and the filtrate applied directly to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g Isolute SCX). Elution with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia in methanol gave the crude product (0.04g). Purification by chromatography on silica gel (Varian Bond Elut 1 g cartridge), eluting with dichloromethane, ether, ethyl acetate, and acetone, gave the title compound (0.029mg). LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.22mins Mass Spectrum m/z 452 [MH+j. Examples 146-159
Figure imgf000064_0002
Figure imgf000065_0001
Figure imgf000066_0001
(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]urea
Methane sulphonyl chloride (0.009ml) was added to a solution of Intermediate 16 (0.04g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.048ml) in dichloromethane (3ml). The solution was stirred for 5h at 23°C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column) eluting with methanol followed by 10%
0.880 ammonia solution in methanol, to give the title compound as a pale yellow gum
(0.034g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.5min Mass spectrum m/z 479 [MH+]. Example 161 : N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-{1-[(3,5- dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}urea Example 161 was made in an analogous manner to that of Example 160 LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.86mins. Mass Spectrum m/z 661 [MH+J. Example 162: N-(1 -benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)-N'-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}urea
Benzoyl choride (0.014ml) was added to a solution of Intermediate 16 (0.04g) and N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.048ml) in dichloromethane (3ml). The solution was stirred for δh at 23°C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column) eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol. The basic fraction was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was further purified using a silica gel solid phase extraction cartridge (1g Varian Bond Elut), eluting sequentially with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile, and methanol, to give the title compound as a clear gum (0.024g).
LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.63min, Mass spectrum m/z 506 [MH+].
Examples 163-168
Figure imgf000067_0001
Example 169: N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}thiomorpholine-4- carboxamide 1 ,4-Thioxane (0.02g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.04ml) were added to a solution of Intermediate 10 (O.Oδg) in dichloromethane (2ml). The mixture was stirred at 23°C for 16h, and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (3ml), and the solution shaken with polystyrene methyl isocyanate resin (Argonaut Technologies, 0.14g, 1.45mmo(/g) for 2h. The solution was drained from the resin, and the resin washed with dichloromethane (δml) and methanol (3ml); the combined filtrate and washings were concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified further by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column), eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.880 ammonia solution in methanol, to give the title compound as a pale yellow gum (0.065g). LCMS (system A) R, 2.55min, Mass Spectrum m/z 404 [MH+]. Examples 170-174
Figure imgf000068_0001
Example 175: N-{[4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}thiomorpholine-4- carboxamide 1 ,1 -dioxide
Oxone (0.135g) was added to Example 169 (0.06g) in methanoI:water (10:1 , 4ml) at 23°C under nitrogen, and the mixture was stirred for 18h. The methanol was removed in vacuo, the aqueous layer was diluted with sodium sulphite solution (5%, δml) and the product was extracted into dichloromethane (δml). The organic layer was washed with brine (δml), dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to give the title compoundas a white solid (O.Oδδg). LC/MS (System A) Rt 2.34min Mass spectrum m/z 436 [MH+]. Examples 176-181
Figure imgf000069_0001
yl]methyl}-N'-(2-phenoxyethyl)urea Mass Spectrum m/z 433, 440 [MH+].
Example 182: N-{[1 -(Cyclopropylcarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}-N'-{[(2S)-4-(3,4- dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}urea
Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (0.014ml) was added to a solution of Intermediate 1 δ (0.54g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.063ml) in dichloromethane (2ml). The solution was stirred for 3h at 23°C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column) eluting with methanol followed by 10% 0.860 ammonia solution in methanol. The basic fraction was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was further purified using a silica gel solid phase extraction cartridge (1g Varian Bond Elut) eluting with 0-1% methanol in ethyl acetate, to give the title compound as a clear gum (0.023g).
LC/MS (system A) Rt' 2.35min Mass spectrum m/z 463 [MH+j.
Example 183: N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-{[1 -
(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}urea
Methane sulphonyl choride (0.013ml) was added to a solution of Intermediate 18 (0.054g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.063ml) in dichloromethane (2ml). The solution was stirred for 16h at 23°C. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by solid phase extraction (Isolute SCX sulphonic acid column) eluting with methanol followed by 10%) O.δδO ammonia solution in methanol, to give the title compound as a clear gum (0.035g). LC/MS (system A) Rt 2.34min Mass spectrum m/z 493 [MH+]. Example 164: 4-({[({[4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-1 ,4-oxazepan-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}methyl)benzamide
To a solution of 1 ,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (0.041 g) in dichloromethane (2ml) at 0°C was added dropwise a solution of Intermediate 41 (0.079g) in dichloromethane (2ml). The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1h and at 22°C for 1h, re-cooled to approximately 0°C and a solution of 4-aminomethylbenzamide (0.041 g) in a 1 :1 mixture of dichloromethane and N,N- dimethylformamide (4mi) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 h and at 22°C for 1h, and applied in two equal portions to ion exchange cartridges (2g Isolute SCX pre-conditioned with methanol). Elution with methanol (3 column volumes) followed 10% O.δδO ammonia in methanol (2 column volumes) and evaporation of the basic fractionsjn vacuo gave the crude product. Purification by Biotage flash chromatography on a silica gel cartridge (8g), eluting with 150:8:1 dichloromethane/ethanol/0.880 ammonia, gave the title compound as a white solid (0.0186g). LCMS (system A) Rt 2.22min Mass Spectrum m/z 465 [MH+] Example 185: 4-[({[({(2S)-4-[1 -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)ethyijmorpholin-2- yl}methyl)amino]carbonyl}amino)methyl]benzamide, isomer II Intermediate 35 (0.045g) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was treated with N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.021ml) in a δml vial (Pierce Reacti-Vial™) followed by 4- aminomethylbenzamide (0.017g). The mixture was sealed under nitrogen and stirred at room temperature for 18h. The solution was then applied to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g Isolute SCX) which had been pre-treated with methanol. The cartridge was eluted with methanol (7 column volumes) followed by 10% O.δδO ammonia in methanol (3 column volumes), and the basic fractions combined and concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow gum. Further purification by chromatography on silica gel (Varian Bond Elut 1g cartridge), eluting with 10% methanol in ethyl acetate, gave the title compound as a yellow gum (0.036g). LC/MS (System A) R, 2.25min Mass spectrum m/z 465 [MH+] Example 136: 4-[({[({(2S)-4-[1 -(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)ethyl]morpholin-2- yl}methyl)aminojcarbonyl}amino)methyl]benzamide, isomer I Intermediate 34 (0.045g) in dichloromethane (1 ml) was treated with N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.021ml) in a δml vial (Pierce Reacti-Vial™) followed by 4- aminomethylbenzamide (0.017g). The mixture was sealed under nitrogen and stirred at room temperature for 1δh. The solution was then applied to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g Isolute SCX) which had been pre-treated with methanol. The cartridge was eluted with methanol (7 column volumes) followed by 10% O.δδO ammonia in methanol (3 column volumes), and the basic fractions combined and concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow gum. Further purification by chromatography on silica gel (Varian Bond Elut 1g cartridge), eluting with 10% methanol in ethyl acetate gave the title compound as a yellow gum (0.036g).
LC/MS (System A) R, 2.27min. Mass spectrum m/z 465 [MH+]. Example 187: 4-{[({[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl1methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}-N-methylbutanamide N.N'-carbonyldiimidazole (0.0132g) was added to a stirred solution of ntermediate 26
(0.030g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (2ml), and the mixture stirred at 22°C under nitrogen for 40min. Methylamine (2.0M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 0.102ml) was added, and stirring was continued at 22°C for 17h. The mixture was applied directly to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g Isolute SCX), and eluted with methanol followed by 10% OlδδO ammonia in methanol to give a gum (0.042g). Purification by chromatography on silica gel (1 g Varian Bond Elut cartridge), eluting with chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol, gave a gum (0.025g), which was further purified by mass directed preparative HPLC to give the title compound as a colourless gum (7.2mg). LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.11 min Mass Spectrum m/z 417 [MH+].
Example 188: 3-{[({[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2- yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}-N-methylpropane-1-sulfonamide Example 188 was prepared in an analogous manner to that of Example 189 LC-MS (System A): Rt 2.20mins Mass Spectrum m/z 453 [MH+j. Example 189: N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[3-(pyrrolidin-1 - ylsulfonyl)propyl]urea
A solution of Intermediate 28 (0.027g) in N, N-dimethylformamide (1 ml) and dichloromethane (2ml) containing N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.041ml) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 13 (0.051 g) in dry dichloromethane (2ml) at room temperature under nitrogen, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 21 h. The mixture was applied directly to a sulphonic acid ion exchange cartridge (2g Isolute SCX) and eluted with methanol (6 column volumes) followed by 10% 8δ0 ammonia in methanol (3 column volumes); evaporation of the methanol/ammonia fractions gave the crude product (0.063g). Purification by chromatography on silica gel (2g Varian Bond Elut cartridge), eluting with chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol, gave the title compound as a gum (0.036g).
LC-MS (System A) Rt 2.41 min. Mass Spectrum m/z 493 [MH+]. Biological Data
The compounds of the Examples were tested in the CCR-3 binding and/or eosinophil chemotaxis assays (assays (a) and (b)) and results were obtained as follows:
Figure imgf000072_0001
Figure imgf000073_0001
Compounds of Examples 1 , 6-7, 9-12, 15, 17, 20, 24, 27-33, 35-36, 39-43, 45-46, 49-51 , 53, 55-56, 58-135, 137-143 and 150-139 were also tested in CCR-3 binding assay (assay (a)) and achieved a plC50 value greater than 5.0.
Example 14 when tested in the ovalbumin sensitised guinea-pig in vivo model (assay (c); 0.2 - 20 mg/kg), showed inhibition of lung eosinophilia and bronchial hyperreactivity.
Throughout the specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word 'comprise', and variations such as 'comprises' and 'comprising', will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers but not to the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000074_0001
wherein: R1 represents C,.6 alkyl, C2.6 alkenyl, C2.6 alkynyl, aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)raryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)t-heteroaryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)t-aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O),-heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl- SO2-Y1-, C,.β alkyl-G-Y1-, heteroaryl-G-aryl-Y1-, J1-SO2-Y1-, R17O(CO)-C2_6 alkenyl-Y1-, R17NHCO-Y1-, R17NHSO2-Y1-, C2.6 alkynyl-Y1-, C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, aryl-O-Y1-, heteroaryl-O-Y1-, C,.β alkyl-SO2- Y1-, M-Y1-, J1-Y1-, J1-CO-Y1-, aryl-CO-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkyl-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkenyl-Y1-, which C2.6 alkynyl and C2.8 alkynyl-Y1 may be optionally substituted with a -OR17 group, which C2.s alkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more -COOR17 groups and which cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or C^ alkyl groups;
R2 represents hydrogen or C.,.6 alkyl optionally substituted by a hydroxy group;
R3 represents hydrogen or C,-6 alkyl; or R1 and R2 may together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a group of formula J2 wherein said nitrogen atom substitutes for either X1 or X2; t represents 0 or 1.
X represents ethylene or a group of formula CReRf wherein Re and Rf independently represent hydrogen or C,.4 alkyl or Re and Rf may together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C3.8 cycloalkyl group;
R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen or C^ alkyl;
Z represents a bond, CO, SO2, CR10R7(CH2)n, (CH2)nCR10R7, CHR7(CH2)nO, CHR7(CH2)nS, CHR7(CH2)nOCO, CHR7(CH2)nCO, COCHR7(CH2)n or SO2CHR7(CH2)n;
R6 represents C^ alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C2.6 alkenyl-, -CN or a group of formula -Y2-J3;
R7 represents hydrogen, C,-4 alkyl, CONR8R9 or COOC^ alkyl; a and b represent 1 or 2, such that a+b represents 2 or 3;
G represents -SO2-, -SO2NR18-, -NR18SO2-, -NR18CO-, CO or -CONR18-; n represents an integer from 0 to 4; M represents a C3.8 cycloalkyl or C3.8 cycloalkenyl group fused to a monocyclic aryl or monocyclic heteroaryl group;
J1, J2 and J3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
Figure imgf000075_0001
wherein X1 represents oxygen, NR11 or sulphur, X2 represents CH2, oxygen, NR12 or sulphur, m1 represents an integer from 1 to 3 and m2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, provided that m1+m2 is in the range from 3 to 5, also provided that when both X1 and X2 represent oxygen, NR11, NR12or sulphur, m1 and m2 must both not equal less than 2, wherein K is optionally substituted by one or more -Y3-aryl, -Y3-heteroaryl, -Y3-CO-aryl, -COC3.8 cycloalkyl, -Y3-CO- heteroaryl, -C^ alkyl, -Y'-COOC^ alkyl, -Y^COC^ alkyl, -Y3-W, -Y3-CO-W, -Y3-NR15R1δ, - Y3-CONR15R16, hydroxy, oxo, -Y3-SO2NR15R16, -Y^SO^-s alkyl, -Y3-SO2aryl, -Y3- SO2heteroaryi,
Figure imgf000075_0002
alkyl, -Y3-NR13CONR15R16, -Y3- NR13COOR14 or -Y3-OCONR15R16 groups, and is optionally fused to a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring;
R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 and R14 independently represent hydrogen or CM alkyl; R15 and R16 independently represent hydrogen or C.,-6 alkyl or R 5 and R16 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may form a morpholine, piperidine or pyrrolidine ring; R17 and R18 independently represent hydrogen or C,_6 alkyl;
W represents a saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic 5-7 membered ring containing between 1 and 3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, optionally substituted with one or more C.,-6 alkyl, halogen or hydroxy groups; *
Y1, Y2 and Y3 independently represent a bond or a group of formula -(CH2)pCRcRd(CH2)q- wherein R° and Rd independently represent hydrogen or C1.4 alkyl or Rc and Rd may together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C3.8 cycloalkyl group, and p and q independently represent an integer from 0 to 5 wherein p + q is an integer from 0 to 5; and salts and solvates thereof. 2. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 wherein R1 represents C^ alkyl, C2.6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)raryl-Y1-, aryl-(O),-heteroaryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)raryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)t-heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl- SO2-Y1-, CM alkyl-G-Y1-, J^SO,- Y1-, R17O(CO)-C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, C2.6 alkynyl-Y1-, C2.8 alkenyl-Y1-, aryl-O-Y1-, heteroaryl-O-Y1-,
C,* alkyl-SO2-Y1-, M-Y1-, J1-Y1-, J1-CO-Y1-, aryl-CO-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkyl-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkenyl-Y1-, which C2.6 alkynyl and C2.6 alkynyl-Y1 may be optionally substituted with a -
OR17 group and which cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or C^ alkyl groups;
R2 represents hydrogen or C.,.6 alkyl; and
J1, J2 and J3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
Figure imgf000076_0001
wherein X1 represents oxygen, NR11 or sulphur, X2 represents CH2, oxygen, NR12 or sulphur, m1 represents an integer from 1 to 3 and m2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, provided that m +m2 is in the range from 3 to 5, also provided that when both X1 and X2 represent oxygen, NR11, NR12or sulphur, m1 and m2 must both not equal less than 2, wherein K is optionally substituted by one or more -Y3-aryl, -Y3-heteroaryl, -Y3-CO-aryl, -Y3-CO-heteroaryl, -CA.β alkyl, -Y^COOC^ alkyl, - ^-COC^ alkyl, -Y3-W, -Y3-CO-W, -Y3-NR15R16, -Y3-CONR15R16, hydroxy, oxo, -Y3-SO2NR15R16, -Y^SO^-e alkyl, -Y3-SO2aryl, -Y3-SO2heteroaryl, -Y^NR13^ alkyl, -Y^NR^SO.d-s alkyl, -Y3-NR13CONR15R16, -Y3-NR13COOR14 or -Y3-OCONR15R16 groups, and is optionally fused to a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring; 3. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 wherein R1 represents C.,.6 alkyl,
C2-s alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, aryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-Y1-, aryl-(O)raryl-Y1-, aryl-(O),-heteroaryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)raryl-Y1-, heteroaryl-(O)t-heteroaryl-Y1-, C2.6 alkenyl-Y1-, aryl-O-Y1-, heteroaryl-
O-Y1-, CM alkyI-SO2-Y1-, M-Y1-, -Y1-J1, -Y1-CO-J1 or C3.s cycloa|kyl-Y1- or C3.8 cycloalkenyl- Y -, which cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl may be optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl or C,.6 alkyl groups; R2 represents hydrogen or C^ alkyl; Z represents a bond, CO, CR10R7(CH2)π, CHR7(CH2)nO, CHR7(CH2)nS, CHR7(CH2)πOCO,
CHR7(CH2)nCO; and J1, J2 and J3 independently represent a moiety of formula (K):
Figure imgf000077_0001
wherein X1 represents oxygen, nitrogen, NR11 or sulphur, X2 represents CH2l oxygen, nitrogen, NR12 or sulphur, m1 represents an integer from 1 to 3, m2 represents an integer from 1 to 3, provided that m1+m2 is in the range from 3 to 5, also provided that when X2 represents oxygen, nitrogen, NR12or sulphur, m1and m2 must both not equal less than 2, wherein K is optionally substituted by one or more -Y3-aryl, -Y3-heteroaryl, -Y3-CO-aryl, -Y3- CO-heteroaryl, -CM alkyl, -Y'-COOC^ alkyl, -Y3-COCw alkyl, -Y3-W, -Y3-CO-W, -Y3- NR15R16, -Y3-CONR 5R16, hydroxy, oxo, -Y3-SO2NR15R16, -Y'-SO -e alkyl, -Y3-SO2aryl, -Y3- SO2heteroaryl, -Y^NR13^ alkyl, -Y^NR^SO^ alkyl, -Y3-NR13CONR15R16, -Y3- NR13COOR14 or -Y3-OCONR15R16 groups, and is optionally fused to a monocyclic aryl or heteroaryl ring.
4. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein R1 represents aryl-Y1- or heteroaryl-Y1-. δ. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 4 wherein R1 represents optionally substituted phenyl-Y1- or tetrazolyl-Y1- which phenyl and tetrazolyl may be optionally substituted.
6. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein Y1 represents -CH2-.
7. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 wherein X represents methylene. 8. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 wherein a and b both represent 1.
9. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 or claim 3 wherein Z represents CO, CHR7(CH2)n, CHR7(CH2)nO, CHR7(CH2)nS, CHR7(CH2)nOCO or CHR7(CH2)nCO.
10. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 9 wherein Z represents CH2.
11. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 1 wherein R6 represents phenyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
12. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 11 wherein R6 represents 3,4- dichlorophenyl.
13. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 as described in Examples 1 to 189 or a salt or solvate of any one thereof.
14. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 13 which is 4-({[({[(2S)-4-(3,4- Dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}methyl)benzamide or a salt or solvate thereof.
15. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 13 which is N-{[(2S)-4-(3,4- dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-N'-[(2-methyl-2H-tetraazol-5-yl)methyl]urea or a salt or solvate thereof.
16. A compound of formula (I) according to claim 13 which is 4-({[({[(2S)-4-(3,4- dichlorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}amino)carbonyl]amino}methyl)-N-methylbenzamide or a salt or solvate thereof. 17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents or carriers. 18. A compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use as a pharmaceutical. 19. Use of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
20. A method of treatment or prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases eg. asthma which comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
21. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 which comprises:
(a) reacting a compound of formula (II)
Figure imgf000078_0001
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X, a and b are as defined in claim 1 , or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula
L1-Z-R6, wherein Z and R6 are as defined in claim 1 and L1 represents a suitable leaving group; or (b) forming a compound of formula (I) wherein R2 represents hydrogen which comprises reacting a compound of formula (III)
Figure imgf000079_0001
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, Z, X, a and b are as defined in claim 1 , or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula
R1-N=C=O, wherein R1 is as defined in claim 1 ; or
(c) reacting a compound of formula (IV)
Figure imgf000079_0002
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, Z, X, a and b are as defined in claim 1 and L2 represents a suitable leaving group, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (V)
Figure imgf000079_0003
(V)
wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in claim 1 or a protected derivative thereof; or (d) reacting a compound of formula (VI)
Figure imgf000079_0004
wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in claim 1 and L3 represents a suitable leaving group, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (III), or a protected derivative thereof; or
(e) deprotecting a compound of formula (I) which is protected; or (f) interconversion of other compounds of formula (I).
22. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims
1 to 16 which comprises:
(g) forming a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a group of formula J2 wherein said nitrogen atom substitutes for either X1 or X2 which comprises reacting a compound of formula (IV) or a protected derivative thereof with a compound of formula J2H, provided that the compound of formula J2 H has a free -NH group; or
(h) forming a compound of formula (I) wherein Z represents CR10R7(CH2)n, wherein
R10 represents hydrogen, which comprises reacting a compound of formula (II) or a protected derivative thereof with a compound of formula R7CO(CH2)nR6, followed by reduction of the resultant imine; or
(i) forming a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 represents C .6 alkyl-G-Y1-, wherein
G represents -NR18CO-, which comprises reacting a compound of formula (VII)
Figure imgf000080_0001
or a protected derivative thereof wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Y1 X, Z, a and b are as defined in claim 1 , with a compound of formula C^ alkyl-NHR18. 23. A compound of formula (II)
Figure imgf000080_0002
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, X, a and b are as defined in claim 1 , or a protected derivative thereof, or a salt or solvate thereof. 24. A compound of formula (III)
Figure imgf000081_0001
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, Z, X, a and b are as defined in claim 1 , or a protected derivative thereof, or a salt or solvate thereof. 25. A compound of formula (IV)
(IV)
Figure imgf000081_0002
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, Z, X, a and b are as defined in claim 1 and L2 represents a suitable leaving group, or a protected derivative thereof, or a salt or solvate thereof.
26. A compound of formula (VII)
Figure imgf000081_0003
wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Y1 X, Z, a and b are as defined in claim 1 , or a protected derivative thereof, or a salt or solvate thereof.
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