WO2002021104A1 - Impactor - Google Patents
Impactor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002021104A1 WO2002021104A1 PCT/FI2001/000778 FI0100778W WO0221104A1 WO 2002021104 A1 WO2002021104 A1 WO 2002021104A1 FI 0100778 W FI0100778 W FI 0100778W WO 0221104 A1 WO0221104 A1 WO 0221104A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- impactor
- nozzle part
- collecting film
- collection substrate
- film
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2208—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with impactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
- B07B7/04—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents by impingement against baffle separators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N2001/222—Other features
- G01N2001/2223—Other features aerosol sampling devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the size-fractionated measurement of aerosol particles as presented in the preamble of the appended claim 1.
- particle emissions are measured to control emissions from existing plants etc.
- particle emissions are measured in connection with, for example, the type approval of vehicles.
- aerosol particles refer to particles whose properties, substantially the small size and weight of the particles, make it possible that the particles are carried with an air or gas flow.
- the typical size of aerosol particles varies from 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m, but depending on the conditions and the process, also larger or smaller particles behaving like aerosol particles may occur.
- So-called fine particle emissions normally refer to emissions which particularly contain aerosol particles.
- Measurements involving the size distribution of aerosol particles in connection with processes of filtering and/or decontamination of flue gases yield important information about e.g. the filtering or decontamination capacity of the process.
- Particle measurements can be used to find out e.g. failure situations in which the filtering or decontamination capacity of the process is decreased.
- particle size information obtained by the measurements it is possible to select the filtering and decontamination method which is most suitable for the particles in a given target and process.
- the need to measure aerosol particles is also present in other processes than those mentioned above, primarily in processes producing harmful particle emissions.
- methods for measuring aerosol particles are required by the pharmaceutical industry in its produc- tion and quality control, as well as by the material technical industry which produces pulverulent or powdered materials.
- a device which, firstly, separates aerosol particles from an air or gas flow according to their size and, secondly, collects particles belonging to different size fractions for analyses to be made on the particles later.
- the flow direction of the gas flow 11 through the orifices of the nozzle part 4a is abruptly changed when it impacts upon the collection substrate 4b.
- the particles entrained by the flow 11 and having a sufficiently large aerodynamic particle size cannot follow the abrupt change in the direction of the flow 11 , but they impact upon the collection substrate 4b, being deposited on the same.
- Those aerosol particles whose aerodynamic particle size is such that they can be re-entrained by the flow 11 will bypass the collection substrate 4b and pass through the orifices of the next nozzle part 3a into the next chamber 3.
- the impactor shown in Fig. 1 is a so-called cascade impactor which contains several successive chambers, so-called stages.
- Each stage 4; 3; 2; 1 has a nozzle part 4a; 3a; 2a; 1 a as well as a collection substrate 4b; 3b; 2b; 1 b placed behind said nozzle part.
- This structure of a cas- cade impactor based on successive stages 4; 3; 2; 1 makes it possible to collect aerosol particles in a size-fractionated way.
- each stage 4; 3; 2; 1 of the impactor can be dimensioned so that only aerosol particles larger than a given particle size are deposited on the collection substrate 4b; 3b; 2b; 1b at each stage.
- the cut diameter of the impactor stage is defined as a value of the particle diameter, the stage collecting 50 % of the particles with said diameter. Particles which are larger than this are collected at said stage with a probability which increases very highly with the particle size and, in a corresponding manner, smaller particles are re-entrained by the flow to the next stage.
- the present invention relates to the structure of the impactor, particularly the solutions used in the fixing of the collection substrate 4b; 3b; 2b; 1b, which, in prior art impactors, make the use of the impactors unnecessarily complex and thereby increase the number of misuse failures and also reduce the accuracy and reliability of the measurement results.
- the collection substrate 4b; 3b; 2b; 1 b used in impactors is a separate thin collecting film placed on a back plate, or the like, used as a mechanical support.
- the collecting film can be, for example, an aluminium foil or polycarbonate film. Due to the small size of the aerosol particles, and particularly when measuring relatively pure gases, the total quantity and mass of the aerosol particles deposited on the collecting film are very small. Typically, the change in the mass of the collecting film due to the aerosol particles deposited on the film during the measurement ranges from one milligram to a few milligrams.
- the inherent mass of the film used as the collection substrate is as small as possible, so that the mass of the particles deposited on the film can be determined by gravimetric analysis as accurately as possible.
- the accuracy of scales used in the gravimetric analysis typically makes it possible to detect weight differences, at the smallest, in the order of about 10 micro- grams.
- a discrete collecting film as the collection substrate 4b; 3b; 2b; 1 b makes it possible to transfer the samples deposited at the different stages 4; 3; 2; 1 of the impactor to further analyses by removing said films from the impactor. Typically, this is performed carefully by using tweezers or the like, wherein the collecting film is not contami- nated or damaged during the handling and the quantity of particles deposited on the film is thus not changed during the removal operation. For transfer and storage, the films intended to be analysed later are properly protected. By replacing the used collecting films with new, clean films in the impactor, the impactor can be quickly made ready for use again, if necessary.
- the collecting film used as the collection substrate 4b; 3b; 2b; 1b for example an aluminium foil with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a diameter of 50 to 100 mm, must be fixed sufficiently firmly in its position so that the distance between said film and the nozzle part 4a; 3a; 2a; 1b preceding it in the direction of the gas flow remains precisely constant.
- the attachment must also be sufficiently rigid so that oscillation caused by the gas flow striking the film and/or by the movement of the impactor or the movement of the film will not cause detachment of the aerosol particles deposited on the film from the collecting film.
- the attachment of the collecting films onto the back plates or the like, used as a mechanical support for the films is typically performed in the following ways.
- the collecting film is pressed at its edges to the back plate supporting the same, by means of a separate spacer ring.
- Said spacer ring can itself be supported in the flow direction to the preceding nozzle part, wherein the height of the spacer ring is also used to determine the distance between the collecting film and said nozzle part.
- the main problem in this attachment method is that a separate component is required for the attachment: the spacer ring.
- Impactors are typically used for measuring under field and/or industrial conditions. Thus, the impactor is opened for the change of collecting films under conditions which are not the best possible with respect to the work.
- Another method is also known for attaching the collecting film, wherein the back plate used as the mechanical support for the collecting film is equipped with a recess, to which the collecting film, made of for exam- pie aluminium foil, is attached by pressing the collecting film, whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of said recess, firmly in its place.
- the collecting film remains in its place in the recess, thanks to the tight adjustment of said diameters.
- This attachment method has the problem that a separate tool is required for pressing the collecting film in its place. Because of the tight fitting, the detachment of the collecting film from the recess with tweezers or the like is difficult and will easily result in damage to the thin collecting film and/or the sample. A collecting film which is attached too loosely may also be detached by itself from the recess during the measurement.
- adhesive, tacky and/or oily substances cannot be used to attach collecting films to a back plate or another corresponding substrate, because these substances disturb the gravimetric analysis of the collecting film.
- the quantity of the adhesive or other substance used in the attachment and remaining on the collecting film will vary inci- dentally, wherein it is not possible to determine the mass of the particles deposited on the film by comparison between the mass of the film used for the measurement and the mass of the same clean film, with sufficient precision.
- the aim of the present invention is thus to provide an impactor having a simple structure and being easy to use, whose good properties at use also make it possible to improve the reliability and precision of the measurement results, especially in the case of gravimetric measurements and analysis.
- the impactor according to the invention is primarily characterized in what will be presented in the characterizing part of the independent claim 1.
- the other dependent claims present some preferred embodiments of the invention.
- the invention is based on the idea that the separate collecting film is kept in its place on top of the collection substrate supporting the same by means of one or more protruding squeeze means designed in the nozzle part preceding the collecting film and the collection substrate in the direction of the gas flow.
- the collecting film does not need to be separately attached to its collection substrate, but when the corresponding nozzle part is lifted into its position on top of the collecting film and its collection substrate, the squeeze means at the bottom of the nozzle part press the collecting film tightly against the collection substrate, thereby keeping it tightly in its position during the measurement.
- the use of separate attachment components as well as the work required by their handling are totally avoided in the attachment of the collecting film.
- the nozzle part is provided with designed squeeze means which are arranged at regular intervals on a circumference, whose diameter substantially corresponds to the diameter of the circular collecting film.
- the squeeze means interfere as little as possible with the flow coming from the nozzle part towards the surface of the collecting film.
- the nozzle part is provided with a designed squeeze means which is arranged to press the collecting film in its centre.
- a designed squeeze means which is arranged to press the collecting film in its centre.
- Said squeeze means placed in the centre can be used together with said squeeze means placed on the outer circumference, or also as the only squeeze means.
- the squeeze means placed in the centre is also advantageous because it does not shade any area of the collecting film from the flow coming from the nozzle part.
- the impactor being a cascade impactor comprising several successive stages
- the parts contained in the different stages are further designed in such a way that the impactor cannot be wrongly assembled.
- the nozzle part at each stage of the impactor is, with respect to its mechanical contact surfaces, designed to match with only one correct preceding and next impactor component in the order.
- the impactor according to the invention contains fewer parts, and particularly small-size parts which are difficult to handle, than a corresponding impactor of prior art, and it is therefore less expensive to manufacture.
- the smaller number of parts will naturally make the impactor easier and faster to use.
- the smaller number of parts will also facilitate the cleaning of the impactor and reduce the non-desired risk of contamination involved in small parts.
- the attachment/detachment of the collecting film is performed with very simple measures, and the movable parts have further such sizes and shapes that it is easy to grip them firmly without using separate tools or other auxiliary means.
- the probability of damage or contamination of the collecting film itself or the aerosol particle sample contained in it is clearly reduced when compared with impac- tors of prior art. This is a very important advantage when the aerosol particle samples are to be analysed using gravimetric methods.
- Fig. 1 illustrates the known operating principle of an impactor in a cross-sectional view
- Fig. 2 illustrates an advantageous embodiment of the impactor according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
- Fig. 3b shows the nozzle part of Fig. 3a in an end view
- Fig. 4a illustrates an alternative implementation of the nozzle part in the impactor of Fig. 2 in a cross-sectional view
- Fig. 4b shows the nozzle part of Fig. 4a in an end view
- Fig. 5a illustrates the structure of a collection substrate in the impactor of Fig. 2 in a cross-sectional view
- the nozzle part 23a is removed from its place, wherein the collection substrate 24b of the preceding stage is also lifted up. Thanks to the size of the nozzle part 23a, it can be firmly gripped manually, wherein it is not likely to be dropped onto the other components of the impactor. The removal of the nozzle part 23a will expose the collecting film 23c.
- the disassembly of the impactor 20 is continued in a corresponding manner by removing the nozzle part 22a with the collection substrate 23b, and further the nozzle part 21 a with the collection substrate 22b.
- the last collection substrate 21b of the first stage is removed with a holder 23 which keeps a filter 24 in its place.
- the assembly of the impactor is performed in the reverse order. To prevent the wrong assembly of the impactor, it is, at first, only possible to fit the holder 23 in the empty lower part 25 of the housing, when said holder is in the correct position. Thus, the design of the mechanical contact surface of the holder 23 matches with the design of the corre- sponding contact surface of the lower part 24.
- Figures 3a and 3b illustrate the structure of the nozzle part 21 a of the first stage of the impactor according to Fig. 2.
- the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3a corresponds to the section A-A of Fig. 3b.
- the collection substrate 21 b is arranged to rest on top of the holder 23, supported in a point-like manner by flexible support means 31 , such as rubber pads or the like.
- the holder 23 is provided with corresponding mounting cavities 32 which are, in Figs. 3a and 3b, shown in the structure of the nozzle part 21.
- the support means 31 to be placed in the mounting cavities 32, are then, in a corresponding manner, intended to support the collection substrate 22b of the preceding stage.
- these flexible support means 31 are used to allow the thickness of the collecting films 24c; 23c; 22c; 21c to vary within given limits without disturbing the operation of the impactor 20.
- the support means 31 are used to secure that the collecting film 21c is always in contact with the squeeze means 21 d and thereby that the distance between the nozzle parts 21a and the col- lecting film 21c, determined by the dimensioning of the squeeze means 21 d, is as intended.
- Figure 3b shows the placement of the three squeeze means 21 d designed on the lower surface of the nozzle part 21a at intervals of 120 degrees on a circumference whose diameter substantially corresponds to the diameter of the collecting film 21c.
- the squeeze means 21 d will squeeze the collecting film 21c tightly against the collection substrate 21b.
- the collecting film 21c is not subjected to any rotating or lateral movements but only the pressing force directly from above; the collecting film 21c is thus not subject to a risk of being creased or damaged in another way during the attachment.
- Figures 4a and 4b illustrate an alternative implementation of the nozzle part 21a of the first stage of the impactor according to Fig. 2.
- the cross-sectional view of Fig. 4a corresponds to the section A-A of Fig. 4b.
- the nozzle part 21 of Figs. 4a and 4b is provided with, in addition to the squeeze means 21 d, a designed squeeze means 21 e which is arranged to squeeze the collecting film 21c in its centre. In this way, it is possible to efficiently prevent e.g. the buckling of the collecting film 21c and/or the oscillation of the collecting film caused by the flow striking the film.
- the squeeze means 21 e placed in the centre is also advanta- geous because it does not shade any area of the collecting film 21c from the flow coming from the nozzle part 21a.
- the collecting film 21c is also squeezed by four squeeze means 21 d which are placed at intervals of 90 degrees on a circumference whose diameter substantially corresponds to the diameter of the collecting film 21c.
- Figs. 5a and 5b illustrate the structure of the collection substrate 24b; 23b; 22b; 21 b of the impactor according to Fig. 2.
- the upper surface of the collection substrate 24b; 23b; 22b; 21 b against the flow direction is provided with a recess 52 for the collecting film 24c; 23c; 22c; 21c, such as an aluminium foil.
- the diameter of said recess 52 is selected so that the protruding squeeze means 24d; 23d; 22d; 21 d designed on the lower surface of the preceding nozzle part are placed within the area of said recess, close to its edge.
- the squeeze means 24d; 23d; 22d; 21 d squeeze the collecting film 24c; 23c; 22c; 21c closely against the bottom of said recess 52.
- the collection substrate 24b; 23b; 22b; 21b is provided with openings 51 for leading the flow to the next stage of the impactor.
- the squeeze means 24d; 23d; 22d; 21 d of the collecting film 24c; 23c; 22c; 21c close to the edge are placed by necks 53 left between the openings 51 , wherein the squeeze means 24d; 23d; 22d; 21 d interfere with the gas flow as little as possible.
- the number of the openings 51 can also vary respectively, to make said placing possible.
- the impactor presented in the examples and in the figures can be, for example, a cascade impactor comprising four stages whose 50 % cut diameters are 2.5 ⁇ m, 1.0 ⁇ m, 0.5 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m. It is naturally obvi- ous that the use of the invention is not limited solely to this type of cascade impactors nor to 4-stage impactors in general, but the embodiments of the invention may vary within the scope of the inventive characteristics of the claims to be presented hereinbelow.
- the cross-section of the impactor perpendicular to the flow direction may have any suitable shape for the purpose, including a shape different from the circular shape shown in the example.
- the impactor may have the required number of successive stages, or also only one stage.
- the collecting film used as the collection substrate can be of any material suitable for the purpose. For gravimetric analysis it is important that the inherent mass of the collecting film is as small as possible, so that the mass of the particle sample deposited on the film can be determined as accurately as possible.
- the collecting film can be circular or for example annular, which annular shape is obtained when a circular/oval area is removed from the centre of a circular/oval collecting film. Further, the shape of the collecting film can also be any other shape suitable for the purpose, including angular shapes.
- the flexible support of the collection substrate can be arranged, according to the examples, in a point-like manner with support means 31 , or also, for example, in such a way that the support means 31 is a uniform, flexible O-ring or the like, which is arranged to support and circle the collection substrate at its edges.
- the number of protruding squeeze means designed on the lower surface of the nozzle part in the flow direction and holding the collecting film, can be different from that given in the example, which number may also vary in the nozzle parts of the different stages. If the collecting film is sufficiently rigid, it is also possible to use only one squeeze means 24e; 23e; 22e; 21 e placed in the centre of the collecting film to squeeze said collecting film against its collection substrate.
- the invention can be used both in vacuum-operated impactors, in which the flow is led into the impactor by means of a suction pump or the like after the impactor in the flow direction, and in impactors in which the flow led into the impactor is generated by the discharge of overpressurized gas through the impactor into a lower pressure.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01967366A EP1320740A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2001-09-07 | Impactor |
AU2001287754A AU2001287754A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2001-09-07 | Impactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20001992A FI113407B (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2000-09-08 | impactor |
FI20001992 | 2000-09-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002021104A1 true WO2002021104A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
Family
ID=8559054
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI2001/000778 WO2002021104A1 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2001-09-07 | Impactor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1320740A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001287754A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI113407B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002021104A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1615020A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-01-11 | C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni | Method and device for detecting unburned gases and particulate in the flow of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine |
WO2010017903A1 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-18 | Elringklinger Ag | Device for separating particles for an aerosol stream |
RU2650487C2 (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-04-16 | ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УНИТАРНОЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕ ЮЖНО-УРАЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ БИОФИЗИКИ (ФГУП ЮУрИБФ) | Method of determining transportability of radioactive aerosols |
WO2022262881A1 (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-22 | Technické Služby Ochrany Ovzduší Ostrava Spol. S R. O. | Combined microparticle impactor |
RU2801822C2 (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-08-16 | ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ НАУКИ "ЮЖНО-УРАЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ БИОФИЗИКИ" ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АГЕНТСТВА (ФГБУН ЮУрИБФ ФМБА России) | Method for determining the median value and geometric standard deviation of transportability of radioactive aerosols |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3983743A (en) * | 1973-09-19 | 1976-10-05 | Sierra Instruments, Inc. | Apparatus and method for the analysis of a particle-laden gas |
US4327594A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1982-05-04 | Nelson Philip A | Bounceless high pressure drop cascade impactor and a method for determining particle size distribution of an aerosol |
US4590792A (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-05-27 | Chiang William W | Microanalysis particle sampler |
-
2000
- 2000-09-08 FI FI20001992A patent/FI113407B/en active
-
2001
- 2001-09-07 WO PCT/FI2001/000778 patent/WO2002021104A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-07 EP EP01967366A patent/EP1320740A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-07 AU AU2001287754A patent/AU2001287754A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3983743A (en) * | 1973-09-19 | 1976-10-05 | Sierra Instruments, Inc. | Apparatus and method for the analysis of a particle-laden gas |
US4327594A (en) * | 1974-04-25 | 1982-05-04 | Nelson Philip A | Bounceless high pressure drop cascade impactor and a method for determining particle size distribution of an aerosol |
US4590792A (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-05-27 | Chiang William W | Microanalysis particle sampler |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1615020A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-01-11 | C.R.F. Società Consortile per Azioni | Method and device for detecting unburned gases and particulate in the flow of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine |
WO2010017903A1 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2010-02-18 | Elringklinger Ag | Device for separating particles for an aerosol stream |
EP2447486A1 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2012-05-02 | ElringKlinger AG | Device for separating particles for an aerosol stream |
US8252079B2 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2012-08-28 | Elringklinger Ag | Particle separating device for an aerosol stream |
EP2823870A1 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2015-01-14 | ElringKlinger AG | Particle separation device for an aerosol flow |
EP2823870B1 (en) | 2008-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | ElringKlinger AG | Particle separation device for an aerosol flow |
EP3168436A1 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2017-05-17 | ElringKlinger AG | Particle separation device for an aerosol flow |
RU2650487C2 (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-04-16 | ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УНИТАРНОЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕ ЮЖНО-УРАЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ БИОФИЗИКИ (ФГУП ЮУрИБФ) | Method of determining transportability of radioactive aerosols |
WO2022262881A1 (en) | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-22 | Technické Služby Ochrany Ovzduší Ostrava Spol. S R. O. | Combined microparticle impactor |
RU2801822C2 (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2023-08-16 | ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ НАУКИ "ЮЖНО-УРАЛЬСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ БИОФИЗИКИ" ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АГЕНТСТВА (ФГБУН ЮУрИБФ ФМБА России) | Method for determining the median value and geometric standard deviation of transportability of radioactive aerosols |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001287754A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 |
FI113407B (en) | 2004-04-15 |
EP1320740A1 (en) | 2003-06-25 |
FI20001992A (en) | 2002-03-09 |
FI20001992A0 (en) | 2000-09-08 |
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