WO2002018890A2 - Detecteur thermique destine a l'evaluation thermique et l'evaluation des brulures cutanees - Google Patents

Detecteur thermique destine a l'evaluation thermique et l'evaluation des brulures cutanees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002018890A2
WO2002018890A2 PCT/US2001/026912 US0126912W WO0218890A2 WO 2002018890 A2 WO2002018890 A2 WO 2002018890A2 US 0126912 W US0126912 W US 0126912W WO 0218890 A2 WO0218890 A2 WO 0218890A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
copper
disk
heat
sensor device
heat sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/026912
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002018890A3 (fr
Inventor
Hechmi Hamouda
Roger L. Barker
Robert Grimes
Original Assignee
North Carolina State University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/938,091 external-priority patent/US20020097775A1/en
Application filed by North Carolina State University filed Critical North Carolina State University
Priority to AU2001288494A priority Critical patent/AU2001288494A1/en
Publication of WO2002018890A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002018890A2/fr
Publication of WO2002018890A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002018890A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
    • G01K17/06—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device
    • G01K17/08—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature
    • G01K17/20—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature across a radiating surface, combined with ascertainment of the heat transmission coefficient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to heat sensor devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved device for thermal and skin burn evaluation that utilizes direct measurement of heat flux in order to obtain precise heat flux measurement so as to determine accurate thermal and skin burn evaluation data.
  • THERMOGAUGETM sensor available from _Vatell Corporation of Blacksburg Virginia, is a circular foil heat flux gauge that operates by measuring the temperature differential between the center and the circumference of a thin constantan foil disk.
  • the constantan foil disk is bonded to a cylindrical copper heat sink, and the incident heat is drawn towards the heat sink away from the center of the constantan foil. This produces a temperature drop across the constantan foil which is measured by a thermoelectric junctions in the center of the constantan foil and the outer copper heat sink.
  • the voltage output from the sensor is read and then combined with a calibration coefficient provided by the manufacturer to calculate the absorbed heat flux.
  • thermocouples embedded in the backside of the wafer in such a way that the thermoelectric junctions are positioned on opposite sides of the insulating wafer.
  • the wafer is mounted to a heat sink that draws the incident heat. A temperature drop will result across the wafer and the thermocouples will respond to the temperature drop.
  • the thermocouples are connected in series so as to provide an additive or amplified response in signal output.
  • the signal output is then proportional to the heat flux incident upon the sensor.
  • TPP Thermal Protective Performance
  • Custom Scientific Instrument Inc. which comprises an insulated copper slug calorimeter.
  • the TPP sensor is not cooled and has been proven in industrial applications as a rugged and reliable sensing device that is well established for use to measure heat flux measurements and predict human tissue damage.
  • THERMOMANTM sensor also known as the "Embedded
  • Thermocouple Sensor This type of sensor is currently in use (but is soon to be replaced by the Pyrocal sensor of the present invention) in a testing laboratory at the College of Textiles of North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina on a full scale mannequin used to test flame retardant garments.
  • the THERMOMANTM sensor used in the mannequin testing of flame retardant garments is a thin-skin calorimeter which utilizes a T-type thermocouple which is buried below the exposed surface of a cast thermoset polymer resin plug at a depth of about 0.17 mm (0.005 inches).
  • scientists who work in the testing laboratory report that the polymer exhibits a thermal inertia similar to that of undamaged human skin.
  • the Embedded Thermocouple Sensor is designed with a frontal thickness greater than 6.35 mm (0.25 inches) so that temperature conditions along the rear side of the sensor will not affect the response of the sensor surface measurements.
  • This allows the sensor to be considered an infinite thickness slab utilizing the infinite slab geometry for the exposure.
  • the depth of the thermocouple is critical to the analysis of heat flux in this sensor, and thus a computer program was used to calculate heat flux.
  • a fifth and novel water cooled sensor (Pyrocool) is described herein that has been developed at the College of Textiles of North Carolina State University and is the subject matter of co-pending and commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • the sensor is a water cooled, heat sensing thermocouple with cooling auxiliaries that measures the temperature of water flowing through the system. The temperature rise in the coolant is calibrated to known levels of incident heat flux.
  • This novel water cooled sensor is used in testing described herein along with the four conventional sensors to evaluate the relative performance of the novel heat flux sensor of the present invention.
  • a novel heat sensor device adapted for direct measurement of heat flux and comprising a copper disk having a front side and a back side, and a thermal guard copper ring positioned around the copper disk.
  • a heat insulating disk holder is provided to support the copper disk and thermal guard copper ring therein with the front side of the copper disk facing outward and defining an insulating air cavity adjacent the backside of the copper disk and within the heat insulating disk holder.
  • a protective housing is provided for receiving the insulating disk holder therein, and a thermocouple is affixed to the backside of the copper disk and located in the air cavity therebehind. The thermocouple has an electrical connector wire extending from the thermocouple and through the insulating disk holder and the protective housing and extremely outwardly therefrom.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the heat flux sensor device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side elevation and exploded view of the heat flux sensor device shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective and exploded view of the heat flux sensor device shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional and exploded view of the heat flux sensor device shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 is a view of a RPP (Radiant Protective Performance) test stand
  • Figure 6 is a graph of the performance of the heat flux sensor device shown in Figure 1 and five other sensors when exposed to 2.5 kW/m 2 heat flux level for 5 minutes;
  • Figure 7 is a graph of the performance of the heat flux sensor device shown in Figure 1 and three other sensors when exposed to 6.3 kW/m 2 heat flux level for 5 minutes;
  • Figure 8 is a graph of the performance of the heat flux sensor device shown in Figure 1 and three other sensors when exposed to 9.6 kW/m 2 heat flux level for 5 minutes; and
  • Figure 9 is a table of the performance of the heat flux sensor device shown in Figure 1 and four other sensors regarding predicted time to second degree burn based on performance data gathered at 6.3 kW/m 2 and 9.6 kW/m 2 heat flux levels.
  • Heat sensor 10 is a slug-type thermal sensor developed by applicants for use in flame retardant garment testing on a test mannequin at the College of Textiles of
  • Sensor 10 comprises a thin copper disk 12, preferably between about 0.438 and 0.440 cm in diameter and 0.060 and 0.061 cm in thickness surrounded by a thin copper thermal guard ring 14.
  • Copper disk 12 and copper thermal guard ring 14 are supported by insulating disk holder 16 (which is preferably formed of copper) to minimize heat transfer to and from the body of the calorimeter.
  • Behind the back side of copper disk 12 is an insulating air cavity C (see Figure 4) defined within insulating disk holder 16, and a T-type (copper-constantin) thermocouple T is attached to the backside of copper disk 12.
  • Insulating disk holder 16 containing copper disk 12 and copper thermal guard ring 14 are positioned in and encapsulated by protective shell 18.
  • Protective shell 18 is most suitably formed of aluminum or stainless steel.
  • thermocouple T preferably a T-type brand thermocouple available from Omega Engineering Inc.
  • Strain relief tube 20 is positioned in a central aperture in insulating disk holder 16 and secured in place by retaining nut 22 to insulating disk holder 16.
  • Strain relief cap 24 is threaded onto the end of strain relief tube 20 to protect thermocouple T from tensile forces.
  • Two disk retaining pins 26 are installed through apertures in insulating disk holder 16 and copper thermal guard ring 14 to secure and retain copper disk 12 in place. Also, two cap screws 28 are inserted through protective shell 18 and threaded into corresponding apertures in insulating disk holder 16 to secure and hold insulating disk holder 16 securely in place.
  • two additional retaining pins 30 are press fit into protective shell 18 and into contact with strain relief cap 24 to further hold and secure insulating disk holder 16 in place within protective shell 18.
  • heat flux sensor 10 can be assembled by installing copper disk 12 and copper ring 14 into the front face of insulating disk holder
  • strain relief tube 20 is inserted into the front side of disk insulating holder 16 and partially through an aperture therein.
  • assembly or retaining nut 22 is installed from the backside of insulating disk holder 16 to secure strain relief tube 20 in place within insulating disk holder 16.
  • a space is defined between the back surface of copper disk 12 and the top surface of strain relief tube 20 within insulating disk holder 16.
  • the two disk retaining pins 26 are installed in insulating disk holder 16 and through copper ring 14 and into disk 12 to secure disk 12 in place.
  • strain relief cap 24 is installed after connector wire W to thermocoupler T attached to the back surface of copper disk 12 is threaded through strain relief tube 20.
  • insulating disk holder 16 is inserted into protective shell 18 and secured therewithin by two cap screws 28 and two press fit retaining pins 30.
  • the fully assembled heat flux sensor device 10 is of compact size and provides a unique capability for highly accurate direct measurement of heat flux during flame retardant garment testing in order to accurately predict skin burn damage.
  • RPP Random Protective Performance
  • the six sensors were directly exposed, for 5 minutes, to a 2.5 kW/m 2 heat flux level that approximates the range commonly sensed behind thermal protective fabrics.
  • the evaluated sensors were the THERMOGAUGETM; HY-THERM®; water cooled (Pyrocool); TPP;
  • both sensor 10 and TPP sensors have the shortest response time. However, as the exposure time elapses and within 20 seconds the temperature response of these two sensors drifts apart and away from the responses of the remaining sensors.
  • the remaining three sensors accurately track the incident heat flux level up to 2 minutes of exposure.
  • the THERMOMANTM sensor response starts drifting down apart from the response of the remaining sensors.
  • both HY-THERM®, and the water cooled (Pyrocool) sensors are still accurately tracking the incident heat flux.
  • the THERMOGAUGETM sensor consistently generates a low reading of the incident heat flux.
  • the THERMOGAUGETM sensor was also eliminated for its consistent low reading of the heat flux level.
  • Two heat flux levels of 6.3 and 9.6 kW/m 2 were used during this experiment that was conducted to evaluate the sensors' response to heat flux through fabric systems and predict the time to second degree burn based on each individual sensor response.
  • thermocouple attached to the backside of the fabric
  • time to second-degree burn was calculated based on the StoH's criteria for sensor 10; water cooled (Pyrocool); and TPP sensors.
  • a burn prediction program was used to determine the time to second-degree burn for the THERMOMANTM sensors.
  • the 55°C criterion was used in association with the thermocouple data.
  • Figure 9 shows these results as predicted with the five different sensors (including the thermocouple additional temperature measurement). At the 6.3 kW/m 2 heat flux level, the TPP sensor predicts no second-degree burn. Meanwhile, the
  • THERMOMANTM sensor predicts the longest time to second degree burn, 284 seconds, followed by sensor 10, water cooled (Pyrocool) and finally the thermocouple which predict the shortest time of 12 seconds. The trend is the same at the 9.6 kW/m 2 heat flux level, the TPP sensor predicts the longest time to second degree burn, 230 seconds, while 69 seconds is the shortest time as predicted by the thermocouple. Results obtained based on the readings of both sensor 10 and water cooled (Pyrocool) sensors are in agreement.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un détecteur thermique apte à fournir des mesures directes de flux thermique qui seront utilisées pour établir des prédictions thermiques et des prédictions de brûlures cutanées. Le détecteur de l'invention comprend un disque de cuivre placé à l'intérieur d'un anneau de garde thermique en cuivre, tout deux supportés à l'intérieur d'un support de disque calorifuge entouré d'un boîtier de protection. Un thermocouple est fixé sur la face arrière du disque de cuivre, dans un cavité définie à l'intérieur du support de disque calorifuge, et un fil de connexion s'étend à travers le support de disque calorifuge et le boîtier de protection.
PCT/US2001/026912 2000-08-29 2001-08-29 Detecteur thermique destine a l'evaluation thermique et l'evaluation des brulures cutanees WO2002018890A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001288494A AU2001288494A1 (en) 2000-08-29 2001-08-29 Heat sensing device for thermal and skin burn evaluation

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US22862700P 2000-08-29 2000-08-29
US60/228,627 2000-08-29
US09/938,091 US20020097775A1 (en) 2000-08-29 2001-08-23 Heat sensing device for thermal and skin burn evaluation
US09/938,091 2001-08-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002018890A2 true WO2002018890A2 (fr) 2002-03-07
WO2002018890A3 WO2002018890A3 (fr) 2002-06-20

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AU (1) AU2001288494A1 (fr)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100445732C (zh) * 2006-05-30 2008-12-24 南京航空航天大学 一种基于ccd图像特征的机械加工表面烧伤评价方法
RU201914U1 (ru) * 2020-09-22 2021-01-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "33 Центральный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Устройство для измерения количества теплоты
FR3132765A1 (fr) 2022-02-17 2023-08-18 Office National D'etudes Et De Recherches Aérospatiales Capteurs pour systèmes de mesure de flux thermique à inertie

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3419438A (en) * 1964-05-25 1968-12-31 Heat Technology Lab Inc Heat flux measuring device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55113925A (en) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-02 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Thermocouple

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3419438A (en) * 1964-05-25 1968-12-31 Heat Technology Lab Inc Heat flux measuring device

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BARNES ADAM: 'Heat flux sensors part 1: theory' SENSORS, [Online] January 1999, pages 1 - 6, XP002907296 *
BARNES ADAM: 'Heat flux sensors part 2: applications' SENSORS, [Online] February 1999, pages 1 - 6, XP002907297 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100445732C (zh) * 2006-05-30 2008-12-24 南京航空航天大学 一种基于ccd图像特征的机械加工表面烧伤评价方法
RU201914U1 (ru) * 2020-09-22 2021-01-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "33 Центральный научно-исследовательский испытательный институт" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Устройство для измерения количества теплоты
FR3132765A1 (fr) 2022-02-17 2023-08-18 Office National D'etudes Et De Recherches Aérospatiales Capteurs pour systèmes de mesure de flux thermique à inertie
WO2023156178A1 (fr) 2022-02-17 2023-08-24 Office National D'etudes Et De Recherches Aérospatiales Capteurs pour systèmes de mesure de flux thermique à inertie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001288494A1 (en) 2002-03-13
WO2002018890A3 (fr) 2002-06-20

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