WO2002016931A1 - Mesures de proportions relatives de fluides dissemblables dans un tuyau - Google Patents

Mesures de proportions relatives de fluides dissemblables dans un tuyau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002016931A1
WO2002016931A1 PCT/GB2001/003700 GB0103700W WO0216931A1 WO 2002016931 A1 WO2002016931 A1 WO 2002016931A1 GB 0103700 W GB0103700 W GB 0103700W WO 0216931 A1 WO0216931 A1 WO 0216931A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resonator
pipe
electromagnetic radiation
coil
detector
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2001/003700
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Steven Robert Powell
Original Assignee
Abb Offshore Systems Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Offshore Systems Limited filed Critical Abb Offshore Systems Limited
Priority to AU2001278636A priority Critical patent/AU2001278636A1/en
Publication of WO2002016931A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002016931A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2823—Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures

Definitions

  • This invention relates to measuring relative proportions of dissimilar fluids in a pipe, for example gas, water and oil.
  • the first type comprises methods involving taking a sample of the oil. flow and analysing it.
  • the other type comprises so-called full flow systems, involving the measurement of the aggregate gas and water content of the entire flow.
  • the invention provides apparatus for measuring the relative proportions of dissimilar fluids in a pipe, the apparatus comprising: a coil resonator, helically wound, in use, around the pipe; a variable frequency source of electromagnetic radiation, arranged to send electromagnetic radiation into the coil; an electromagnetic detector arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation emitted by the resonator, which radiation is indicative of the relative proportions of the fluids in the pipe; characterised in that one of the source and the detector is physically connected to an end portion of the resonator.
  • both the source and the detector are physically connected to opposite end portions of the coil resonator.
  • the provision of direct connection between the electromagnetic source and the coil, and/or the coil and the detector, results in a significantly reduced attenuation between input and output.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for measuring the relative proportions of oil, gas and water in crude oil being extracted from a hydrocarbon well.
  • Figure 1 is a partly sectional side view of prior art apparatus for measuring the relative proportions of dissimilar fluids in a pipe;
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates apparatus constructed according to the invention
  • Figure 3 is a partly sectional side view of apparatus constructed according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a measurement system including the apparatus of Figure 3.
  • a helical coil resonator 1 is shown, which is an electric conductor shaped into a helix.
  • a pipe 2 through which a portion of the fluid of interest is arranged to flow, passes through the coils of the resonator 1.
  • the resonator 1 and pipe 2 are situated in a conductive metal cavity 3.
  • Microwave energy is introduced into the cavity 3 by means of an input coaxial probe 4 and the resulting activity of the resonator 1 can be sensed using a remotely located output coaxial probe
  • the resonant peak of the helical coil resonator 1 for a given input power varies, both in frequency and amplitude, in dependence on the material within the pipe 2.
  • the resonant frequency is affected by the dielectric constant of the material within the pipe 2, while the amplitude of the resonant peak is affected by the absorption of energy by the material within the pipe.
  • the region between the input 4 and output 5 acts as an attenuator, with the degree of attenuation varying in dependence on the relative proportions of the fluid flowing through the pipe 2.
  • the attenuation can be as high as 60-90dB. Consequently, a high gain amplifier is conventionally employed to amplify the signal from the output probe.
  • this signal change can become lost in the noise inherent in such a high gain amplifier.
  • the sensitivity of the device is low.
  • FIG. 2 Apparatus constructed according to the invention is shown in Figure 2.
  • This apparatus also comprises a coil resonator 1 helically wound around a section 2 of pipe.
  • a microwave energy source 6 and a microwave output detector 7, which includes an amplifier 13 and analysing circuitry.
  • the output detector 7 processes signals corresponding to the activity of the resonator 1.
  • At least one of the energy source 6 and output detector 7 are physically connected to the coil resonator itself.
  • both the energy source 6 and output detector 7 are connected to the coil resonator.
  • the energy source 6 is connected to one end portion of the coil resonator 1 by means of a co-axial cable 8, via a first capacitor 9.
  • the output detector 7 is connected to the other end portion of the resonator 1 by means of a co-axial cable 10, via a second capacitor 11.
  • the attenuation between the input and output is much reduced, typically by at least lOdB.
  • the gain of the amplifier 13, which amplifies the output signal can be reduced by a similar amount.
  • the amplifier noise level is reduced, resulting in a much improved output signal-to-noise ratio. This enables much smaller changes of output signal to be measured and results in a device with sufficient dynamic range to allow the desired degree of accuracy of measurement of the fluid characteristics.
  • the capacitors 9, 11 are located close to opposite end portions of the coil resonator 1. A suitable value for the capacitors is in the range of six picofarads.
  • the co-axial cables 8, 10 are screened in the region of the respective capacitors 9, 11.
  • An electrically conductive insulated wire 12 extends between the ends of the cables 8, 10 and is joined to the respective screens.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 2 comprises a resonant circuit distinct from the prior art apparatus of Figure 1.
  • the pipe 2 is arranged to carry a portion of the dissimilar fluids of interest.
  • the pipe 2 is formed of plastics material, although any electrically insulating material could be used.
  • a suitable plastics material for this application would be polyetheretherketone (PEEK) owing to its high resistance to corrosive substances and stability at high temperatures.
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • the coil resonator 1 is arranged to be helically wound around a section 14 of the pipe and is co-axial with it.
  • the pipe section 14 may be machined with a helical groove having the same dimensions as the resonator 1, so that the resonator is located on the outer surface by the groove.
  • a sleeve 15 is arranged to fit over the coil resonator 1.
  • the internal diameter of the sleeve 15 is chosen so that there is a slight interference fit with the external diameter of the resonator 1, thereby ensuring that the resonator is kept in place. This is especially useful in circumstances where the pipe may be susceptible to vibrations.
  • the apparatus of Figure 3 is mounted within a larger fluid extraction pipe (not shown). Therefore, it is desirable to isolate the resonating circuit from the fluid surrounding the apparatus.
  • the pipe section 14 incorporating the resonator is held within a metal tube 16.
  • the metal tube 16 screens the apparatus within from external electromagnetic fields.
  • the tube 16 also provides protection for the enclosed apparatus from mechanical damage or corrosion, such as might be encountered in a sub-sea hydrocarbon well.
  • O- rings 17, 18 provide a seal between the ends of the metal tube 16 and the pipe 2.
  • the co-axial cables 8, 10 associated with the source of microwave radiation (not shown in this drawing) and the microwave output detector (also not shown in this drawing) are introduced into the metal tube 16 via an aperture 19 sealed by a cable gland 20.
  • a channel in the outer surface of the sleeve 15 is arranged to accommodate the cables 8, 10 and the associated capacitors 9, 11.
  • the insulated wire for connecting the screens of the cables 8, 10 is embedded in the sleeve 15 and is not shown in this drawing.
  • the coaxial cable 8 is connected to a first end portion of the resonator 1 via a first opening in the sleeve 15; a second opening in the sleeve allows the cable 10 to be connected to the other end portion of the resonator 1.
  • the resonator 1 and capacitors 9, 11 are shown symbolically in Figure 4.
  • the source 6 of microwave radiation and microwave detector 7 including amplifier 13 are also represented in this drawing.
  • the source 6 of microwave radiation is an oscillator having an output variable across a range of frequencies.
  • the microwave radiation is supplied directly to an end of the coil resonator 1 via the capacitor 9.
  • a coupler 21 takes a portion of the input power to the resonator 1 and supplies it to the microwave detector 7 as a reference.
  • the coil ' resonator 1 is connected, via capacitor 11, to the detector 7, which detects activity of the resonator. In operation in, for example a hydrocarbon well, a mixture of oil, water and gas flows through the pipe, including the section 14 having the coil resonator.
  • a data analyser and controller included in the circuitry comprising the microwave output detector 7, varies the frequency of the microwave source and plots, for example, the output voltages derived from the output signal of the coil resonator 1.
  • the output detector 7 could alternatively plot the output current, or any other characteristic of the output signal of the coil resonator 1.
  • the output power of the helical coil resonator 1 is plotted against input frequency to produce the resonant peak for the resonator.
  • a measurement of the attenuation of microwave energy provides an indication of the relative proportions of oil, water and gas in the fluid extraction pipe because those three fluids have very different permitivities. It has been found that the resonant frequency of a coil resonator is more sensitive to the properties of material in the vicinity of the coil itself than it is to the properties of material in the centre of the pipeline. This is because the strength of the electric fields generated by the coil are stronger proximate the coil. Therefore, an advantageous arrangement is that of a plurality of coil resonators, such as that illustrated in GB- 2271637.
  • Each coil resonator has a larger circumference than the pipe.
  • the coil resonators are arranged around the pipe so that the axis of each coil is offset from that of the pipe.
  • the resonant peaks of the helical coil will be mainly influenced by the part of the fluid flow adjacent each coil and, since each coil is adjacent different part of the fluid flow, this will allow a map of the distribution of oil, water and gas within the pipe to be produced if required.
  • the number of coils used is a trade-off between increasing accuracy and sensitivity of the system by increasing the number of coils used, and the increase in the cost and bulk the system due to the use of more coils.
  • the microwave oscillator could be replaced by an r.f. oscillator.
  • Helical coil resonators also work at r.f. frequencies (500MHz to 1GHz); the microwave frequency band is from 1 GHz to 20GHz.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un appareil qui sert à mesurer des proportions relatives de fluides dissemblables dans un tuyau (2). L'appareil comprend une source (6) de rayonnement électromagnétique à fréquence variable conçue de manière à émettre un rayonnement dans un résonateur à bobine (1) enroulé en hélice autour du tuyau. Un détecteur (7) détecte l'activité du résonateur. Au moins la source ou le détecteur est raccordé physiquement au résonateur, de préférence au moyen de câbles coaxiaux (8, 10). Antérieurement, une énergie électromagnétique était transmise à l'intérieur de la cavité logeant le résonateur et détectée à distance, ce qui a donné lieu à un affaiblissement considérable entre l'entrée et la sortie.
PCT/GB2001/003700 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Mesures de proportions relatives de fluides dissemblables dans un tuyau WO2002016931A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001278636A AU2001278636A1 (en) 2000-08-17 2001-08-16 Measuring relative proportions of dissimilar fluids in a pipe

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0020167.3 2000-08-17
GB0020167A GB2365978A (en) 2000-08-17 2000-08-17 Measuring relative proportions of dissimilar fluids in a pipe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002016931A1 true WO2002016931A1 (fr) 2002-02-28

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AU (1) AU2001278636A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2365978A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002016931A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2062178A2 (fr) * 2006-08-21 2009-05-27 Uri Rapoport Procédé non destructif en ligne de mesure de transformations d'états physiques, électrochimiques, chimiques et/ou biologiques prédéterminés d'une substance et système associé
GB2468754A (en) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-22 Taylor Hobson Ltd Determining phase fractions by flowing multiphase fluid through a resonant cavity in which certain resonance modes are suppressed or enhanced
US9588063B2 (en) 2014-06-02 2017-03-07 Senfit Oy Sensor, measuring device, and measuring method
WO2017137752A1 (fr) * 2016-02-11 2017-08-17 M-Flow Technologies Limited Procédé et appareil de mesure de composition de fluide

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201218956D0 (en) 2012-10-22 2012-12-05 Flow Technologies Ltd M Fluid sensor
EP2952887B1 (fr) * 2014-06-02 2019-01-30 Senfit Oy Capteur, dispositif et procédé de mesure pour déterminer la permittivité d'un échantillon avec un conducteur hélical
US10386312B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2019-08-20 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for determining water-cut of a fluid mixture
US10241059B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2019-03-26 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Water-cut sensor system
US9804105B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2017-10-31 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Systems and methods for determining water-cut of a fluid mixture
US11022597B2 (en) * 2018-05-21 2021-06-01 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Fluid sensing system using planar resonators
NO345738B1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2021-07-12 Wionetic AS Electromagnetic flowmeter and method for determining a property of a fluid composition carried in a fluid conduit

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0157496A2 (fr) * 1984-03-28 1985-10-09 Northern Telecom Limited Procédé pour mesurer la quantité de particules à forte permittivité dans un matériau porteur
JPS6225248A (ja) * 1985-07-26 1987-02-03 Kawarada Takashi 誘電性被測定物の混合物混合比率測定装置
EP0499841A1 (fr) * 1991-02-18 1992-08-26 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif pour déterminer la constante diélectrique du carburant
GB2260407A (en) * 1991-10-10 1993-04-14 Christopher Barnes Contactless measurement of physical parameters of samples
US5389883A (en) * 1992-10-15 1995-02-14 Gec-Marconi Limited Measurement of gas and water content in oil
US5543722A (en) * 1991-08-28 1996-08-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Channel forming fuel permittivity sensor with automatic temperature compensation

Family Cites Families (1)

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US6353206B1 (en) * 1996-05-30 2002-03-05 Applied Materials, Inc. Plasma system with a balanced source

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0157496A2 (fr) * 1984-03-28 1985-10-09 Northern Telecom Limited Procédé pour mesurer la quantité de particules à forte permittivité dans un matériau porteur
JPS6225248A (ja) * 1985-07-26 1987-02-03 Kawarada Takashi 誘電性被測定物の混合物混合比率測定装置
EP0499841A1 (fr) * 1991-02-18 1992-08-26 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif pour déterminer la constante diélectrique du carburant
US5543722A (en) * 1991-08-28 1996-08-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Channel forming fuel permittivity sensor with automatic temperature compensation
GB2260407A (en) * 1991-10-10 1993-04-14 Christopher Barnes Contactless measurement of physical parameters of samples
US5389883A (en) * 1992-10-15 1995-02-14 Gec-Marconi Limited Measurement of gas and water content in oil

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 203 (P - 591) 2 July 1987 (1987-07-02) *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2062178A2 (fr) * 2006-08-21 2009-05-27 Uri Rapoport Procédé non destructif en ligne de mesure de transformations d'états physiques, électrochimiques, chimiques et/ou biologiques prédéterminés d'une substance et système associé
EP2062178A4 (fr) * 2006-08-21 2015-01-07 Uri Rapoport Procédé non destructif en ligne de mesure de transformations d'états physiques, électrochimiques, chimiques et/ou biologiques prédéterminés d'une substance et système associé
GB2468754A (en) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-22 Taylor Hobson Ltd Determining phase fractions by flowing multiphase fluid through a resonant cavity in which certain resonance modes are suppressed or enhanced
GB2468754B (en) * 2009-03-20 2011-05-11 Taylor Hobson Ltd Method and apparatus for determining phase fractions of multiphase flows
US9146197B2 (en) 2009-03-20 2015-09-29 Taylor Hobson Limited Method and apparatus for determining phase fractions of multiphase flows
US9588063B2 (en) 2014-06-02 2017-03-07 Senfit Oy Sensor, measuring device, and measuring method
WO2017137752A1 (fr) * 2016-02-11 2017-08-17 M-Flow Technologies Limited Procédé et appareil de mesure de composition de fluide
US10473595B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2019-11-12 M-Flow Technologies Ltd Apparatus and method for measuring a composition of a fluid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001278636A1 (en) 2002-03-04
GB0020167D0 (en) 2000-10-04
GB2365978A (en) 2002-02-27

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