WO2002009586A2 - Infrasonic auscultation apparatus - Google Patents
Infrasonic auscultation apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002009586A2 WO2002009586A2 PCT/IL2001/000705 IL0100705W WO0209586A2 WO 2002009586 A2 WO2002009586 A2 WO 2002009586A2 IL 0100705 W IL0100705 W IL 0100705W WO 0209586 A2 WO0209586 A2 WO 0209586A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- infrasonic
- auscultation
- pick
- subject
- coefficient
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B7/00—Instruments for auscultation
- A61B7/02—Stethoscopes
- A61B7/04—Electric stethoscopes
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of auscultation apparatus in general, and infrasonic auscultation apparatus in particular.
- Russian Inventor Certificate SU 1835648 entitled "Functional heart state evaluation method” illustrates and describes the use of infrasonic auscultation apparatus for determining various hemodynamic parameters of a human subject from infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from his heart.
- the so-called functional heart state evaluation method involves using an infrasonic sensitive condenser microphone for determining the value of a peak amplitude Vmax within a narrow 10-15Hz frequency band of the 0-20Hz infrasonic frequency band for substitution into various formulas for yielding the various hemodynamic parameters. Detection of the peak amplitude is achieved by using a narrow 1- 3Hz band filter which complicates the apparatus. Also, the formulae require values for the distance between the microphone and the center of the subject's heart, and his heart's radius which are obtained from several preliminary X-ray measurements.
- an infrasonic auscultation apparatus comprising:
- a probe including an infrasonic sensitive electroacoustic pick-up for picking up infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from an internal body part of a subject on intimate contact of said probe on the subject's bare skin at a location associated with the subject's internal body part; and (b) an infrasonic auscultation processor for processing at least 50% of the total infrasonic acoustic energy picked by said pick-up for determining a medical indication associated with the subject's internal body part.
- the present invention is based on the notion that infrasonic auscultation can supplement and/or replace conventional auscultation, for example, by means of a stethoscope, for monitoring and diagnostic medical purposes.
- the present invention is directed toward determining a Root Mean Square (RMS) like value Veff of the infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from the subject's heart in accordance with the following relationship:
- V(t) is the amplitude of the infrasonic cardiograph waveform as picked up the pick-up.
- the present invention preferably uses at least 50% of the total infrasonic acoustic energy picked up by the pick-up for determining the value Veff, and more preferably at least 75% of the total infrasonic acoustic energy. In most instances, the at least 50% of the total infrasonic acoustic energy is picked up over a continuous at least 10Hz infrasonic frequency band.
- Veff On determination of a subject's Veff, his systolic pressure Psys can be determined from the relationship:
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation depicting the use of the infrasonic auscultation apparatus of the present invention for determining the values of hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters of a human subject;
- Fig. 2 is a close-up cross sectional view depicting the intimate contact of the probe of the infrasonic auscultation apparatus of the present invention on the subject's chest;
- Fig. 3 is a graph depicting a representative infrasonic cardiograph of the infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from a subject's heart;
- Fig. 4 is a graph depicting a normalized infrasonic power spectrum of the infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from a subject's heart.
- Fig. 5 is a table showing the values of various hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters of a healthy male human subject yielded by the infrasonic auscultation apparatus of the present invention.
- Figure 1 shows an infrasonic auscultation apparatus 1 including a probe 2 for placing on a subject's chest, and an infrasonic auscultation processor 3 for processing electric signals obtained from the probe 2 for determining hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters of the subject including inter alia systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, stroke volume, heart capacity, volumetric blood rate, myocardial contraction strength, amongst others.
- the results can be either displayed on a display 4 and/or printed on a printer 5.
- the infrasonic auscultation processor 3 also includes an analog amplifier (not shown) with a 0- 20Hz transmission band.
- Figure 2 shows that the probe 2 includes a cup-shaped end piece 7 defining a hollow chamber 8 with a wide rim 9 for intimate contact with the subject's chest for acoustically insulating the chamber 8 from ambient infrasonic noise, and an infrasonic sensitive condenser microphone 11 (constituting an infrasonic sensitive electroacoustic pick-up) for picking up infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from the subject's chest due to the functioning of his heart.
- the probe 2 has the following technical specifications:
- the infrasonic auscultation apparatus 1 is initially calibrated to determine the value of a calibration coefficient ⁇ which takes into consideration various factors inter alia the particular physiological characteristics of a human subject, the location of a probe on a human subject, the quality of the acoustic insulation of a probe's pick-up on placement of the probe against a human subject's body, and the like. Determination of the calibration coefficient ⁇ is achieved by measuring the subject's systolic pressure Psys (mmHg) by a conventional technique, for example, by way of a blood pressure cuff, and measuring the value of Veff on placing the probe on the subject's chest. The two measured values are substituted into the equation: p _ K ⁇ V eff sys E where the probe has a predetermined Free Field Sensitivity (E), and the universal coefficient K is calculated as follows:
Abstract
Infrasonic auscultation apparatus including a probe with an infrasonic sensitive electroacoustic pick-up for picking up infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from an internal body part of a subject on intimate contact of the probe on the subject's bare skin at a location associated with the subject's internal body part, and an infrasonic auscultation processor for processing at least 50 % of the total infrasonic acoustic energy picked by the pick-up for determining a medical indication associated with the subject's internal body part.
Description
INFRASONIC AUSCULTATION APPARATUS
Field of the Invention
The invention is in the field of auscultation apparatus in general, and infrasonic auscultation apparatus in particular.
Background of the Invention
Russian Inventor Certificate SU 1835648 entitled "Functional heart state evaluation method" illustrates and describes the use of infrasonic auscultation apparatus for determining various hemodynamic parameters of a human subject from infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from his heart. The so-called functional heart state evaluation method involves using an infrasonic sensitive condenser microphone for determining the value of a peak amplitude Vmax within a narrow 10-15Hz frequency band of the 0-20Hz infrasonic frequency band for substitution into various formulas for yielding the various hemodynamic parameters. Detection of the peak amplitude is achieved by using a narrow 1- 3Hz band filter which complicates the apparatus. Also, the formulae require values for the distance between the microphone and the center of the subject's heart, and his heart's radius which are obtained from several preliminary X-ray measurements.
Summary of the Invention In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an infrasonic auscultation apparatus comprising:
(a) a probe including an infrasonic sensitive electroacoustic pick-up for picking up infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from an internal body part of a subject on intimate contact of said probe on the subject's bare skin at a location associated with the subject's internal body part; and
(b) an infrasonic auscultation processor for processing at least 50% of the total infrasonic acoustic energy picked by said pick-up for determining a medical indication associated with the subject's internal body part.
The present invention is based on the notion that infrasonic auscultation can supplement and/or replace conventional auscultation, for example, by means of a stethoscope, for monitoring and diagnostic medical purposes. However, in contradistinction to the above described approach of infrasonic auscultation for determining a particular peak amplitude Vmax, the present invention is directed toward determining a Root Mean Square (RMS) like value Veff of the infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from the subject's heart in accordance with the following relationship:
P = K^VeT sys E where K is a universal coefficient, φ is a calibration coefficient determined during a calibration procedure, and E is the Free Field Sensitivity of the probe's pick-up. The values of other hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters can be obtained from other formulae derived from the parameters K, φ, E and Veff.
Brief Description of the Drawings
In order to understand the invention and to see how it can be carried out in practice, a preferred embodiment will now be described, by way of a non- limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar parts are likewise numbered, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation depicting the use of the infrasonic auscultation apparatus of the present invention for determining the values of hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters of a human subject;
Fig. 2 is a close-up cross sectional view depicting the intimate contact of the probe of the infrasonic auscultation apparatus of the present invention on the subject's chest;
Fig. 3 is a graph depicting a representative infrasonic cardiograph of the infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from a subject's heart;
Fig. 4 is a graph depicting a normalized infrasonic power spectrum of the infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from a subject's heart; and
Fig. 5 is a table showing the values of various hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters of a healthy male human subject yielded by the infrasonic auscultation apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows an infrasonic auscultation apparatus 1 including a probe 2 for placing on a subject's chest, and an infrasonic auscultation processor 3 for processing electric signals obtained from the probe 2 for determining hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters of the subject including inter alia systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, stroke volume, heart capacity, volumetric blood rate, myocardial contraction strength, amongst others. The results can be either displayed on a display 4 and/or printed on a printer 5. The infrasonic auscultation processor 3 also includes an analog amplifier (not shown) with a 0- 20Hz transmission band.
Figure 2 shows that the probe 2 includes a cup-shaped end piece 7 defining a hollow chamber 8 with a wide rim 9 for intimate contact with the subject's chest for acoustically insulating the chamber 8 from ambient infrasonic noise, and an infrasonic sensitive condenser microphone 11 (constituting an infrasonic sensitive electroacoustic pick-up) for picking up infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from the subject's chest due to the functioning of his heart. The probe 2 has the following technical specifications:
The use of the infrasonic auscultation apparatus 1 is as follows: The infrasonic auscultation apparatus is initially calibrated to determine the value of a calibration coefficient φ which takes into consideration various factors inter alia the particular physiological characteristics of a human subject, the location of a probe on a human subject, the quality of the acoustic insulation of a probe's pick-up on placement of the probe against a human subject's body, and the like. Determination of the calibration coefficient φ is achieved by
measuring the subject's systolic pressure Psys (mmHg) by a conventional technique, for example, by way of a blood pressure cuff, and measuring the value of Veff on placing the probe on the subject's chest. The two measured values are substituted into the equation: p _ K^Veff sys E where the probe has a predetermined Free Field Sensitivity (E), and the universal coefficient K is calculated as follows:
κ = Vo
where c0~1500m/sec and c1~344m/sec corresponding to the average speed of sound in the heart environment and air, respectively, and p0~1000kg/m3 and pι~ 1.2-1.3kg/m3 corresponding to the average density in the heart environment and of air, respectively.
Thereafter, the values of other hemodynamic and cardiovascular parameters of the subject are calculated as follows:
2κ^Veff 2 Diastolic pressure Pdiast (mmHg): P diast EV max
Stroke volume SV (mL): SV = /(φ-1)
a0pV
Heart capacity W (Watts): W = 4π\ eff where ao=φ2/(φ-l)
PiCjE
Contraction Force F (Kg): F = -1)
4πa.2 0φV w 2
Volumetric blood rate Q (mL/sec): Q = — where ao=φ /(φ-1)
PiCjE
While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, it will be appreciated that many variations, modifications, and other applications of the invention can be made within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the pick-up can be implemented by other infrasonic sensitive electroacoustic devices, for example, a piezoelectric transducer, and the like. Also, it is envisaged that the present invention can be equally applied for monitoring the existence of an embryo's heartbeat.
Claims
1. Infrasonic auscultation apparatus comprising:
(a) a probe including an infrasonic sensitive electroacoustic pick-up for picking up infrasonic acoustic energy emanating from an internal body part of a subject on intimate contact of said probe on the subject's bare skin at a location associated with the subject's internal body part; and
(b) an infrasonic auscultation processor for processing at least 50% of the total infrasonic acoustic energy picked by said pick-up for determining a medical indication associated with the subject's internal body part.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor processes at least 75% of the total infrasonic acoustic energy picked up by said pick-up for deteπnining a medical indication associated with the subject's internal body part.
3. Apparatus according to either claim 1 or 2 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor processes an at least 10 Hz infrasonic frequency band for determining a medical indication associated with the subject's internal body part.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein said at least 10 Hz infrasonic frequency band is a continuous frequency band.
5. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said pick-up is a condenser microphone and said probe has an Equivalent Noise Level <120μV.
6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said pick-up is a condenser microphone and said probe has a Free Field Sensitivity 100±5 mV/Pa with a 10KΩ load.
7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor determines the value of a parameter Veff in accordance with the following relationship:
where V(t) is the amplitude of the infrasonic cardiograph waveform as picked up by said pick-up.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor determines the value of a hemodynamic parameter J of a human subject in accordance with the relationship:
E where K is a universal coefficient, φ is a calibration coefficient, and E is the Free Field Sensitivity of said pick-up.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor determines a human subject's systolic pressure Psys in accordance with the e ationship:
P = K^Veff sys £ where K is a universal coefficient, φ is a calibration coefficient, and E is the Free Field Sensitivity of said pick-up.
10. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor determines a human subject's diastolic pressure Pdiast in accordance with the relationship:
2κ^V ff 2
P d«iast EV max where K is a universal coefficient, φ is a calibration coefficient, and E is the Free Field Sensitivity of said pick-up.
11. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor determines a human subject's stroke volume SV in accordance with the relationship:
SV = — eff -
PAE where K is a universal coefficient, φ is a calibration coefficient, E is the Free
Field Sensitivity of said pick-up, and ao^cp2/^-!).
12. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor determines a human subject's heart capacity W in accordance with the relationship:
13. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor determines a human subject's myocardial contraction force F in accordance with the relationship:
F = 4π ^-
E where K is a universal coefficient, φ is a calibration coefficient, E is the Free
Field Sensitivity of said pick-up, and ao=φ2/(φ-l).
14. Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor determines a human subject's volumetric blood rate Q in accordance with the relationship:
= 4m2 0φVeS
where K is a universal coefficient, φ is a calibration coefficient, E is the Free Field Sensitivity of said pick-up, and ao=φ2/(φ-l).
15. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein said infrasonic auscultation processor is capable of determining the existence of an embryo's heartbeat.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2001282440A AU2001282440A1 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2001-07-31 | Infrasonic auscultation apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22191900P | 2000-07-31 | 2000-07-31 | |
| US60/221,919 | 2000-07-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002009586A2 true WO2002009586A2 (en) | 2002-02-07 |
| WO2002009586A3 WO2002009586A3 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
Family
ID=22829972
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IL2001/000705 WO2002009586A2 (en) | 2000-07-31 | 2001-07-31 | Infrasonic auscultation apparatus |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2001282440A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002009586A2 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160095571A1 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-04-07 | U.S.A. As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Infrasonic Stethoscope for Monitoring Physiological Processes |
| WO2019048960A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-14 | Bat Call D. Adler Ltd. | Electronic stethoscope with enhanced features |
| USD865167S1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-10-29 | Bat Call D. Adler Ltd. | Digital stethoscope |
| US11000257B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2021-05-11 | Sanolla Ltd. | Digital stethoscopes, and auscultation and imaging systems |
| US11116478B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2021-09-14 | Sanolla Ltd. | Diagnosis of pathologies using infrasonic signatures |
| US11357471B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2022-06-14 | Michael E. Sabatino | Acquiring and processing acoustic energy emitted by at least one organ in a biological system |
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| US4989611A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1991-02-05 | Seismed Instruments, Inc. | Cardiac compression wave measuring system and method |
| FR2672794B1 (en) * | 1991-02-18 | 1998-09-04 | Univ Limoges | DEVICE FOR DETECTING AND EXPLORING PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISES, ESPECIALLY VENTILATORY NOISES AND UNIT FOR TREATING SUCH NOISES. |
| DK63193D0 (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1993-06-02 | Bang & Olufsen Tech As | HEART SIGNAL MEASUREMENT APPARATUS |
| DE69530427T2 (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 2004-03-04 | Pentavox Kft. | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE FETAL HEART RATE |
| US6048319A (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-04-11 | Integrated Medical Systems, Inc. | Non-invasive acoustic screening device for coronary stenosis |
-
2001
- 2001-07-31 AU AU2001282440A patent/AU2001282440A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-31 WO PCT/IL2001/000705 patent/WO2002009586A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11357471B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2022-06-14 | Michael E. Sabatino | Acquiring and processing acoustic energy emitted by at least one organ in a biological system |
| US20160095571A1 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-04-07 | U.S.A. As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Infrasonic Stethoscope for Monitoring Physiological Processes |
| US9445779B2 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-09-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Infrasonic stethoscope for monitoring physiological processes |
| US20160354055A1 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-12-08 | U.S.A. As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Infrasonic Stethoscope for Monitoring Physiological Processes |
| US9867591B2 (en) * | 2014-10-02 | 2018-01-16 | The United States of America as Represented by the Adminstrator of NASA | Infrasonic stethoscope for monitoring physiological processes |
| US11000257B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2021-05-11 | Sanolla Ltd. | Digital stethoscopes, and auscultation and imaging systems |
| US11116478B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2021-09-14 | Sanolla Ltd. | Diagnosis of pathologies using infrasonic signatures |
| WO2019048960A1 (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-03-14 | Bat Call D. Adler Ltd. | Electronic stethoscope with enhanced features |
| USD865167S1 (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2019-10-29 | Bat Call D. Adler Ltd. | Digital stethoscope |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001282440A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
| WO2002009586A3 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
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