WO2002007865A1 - Method for the identification of substances, the determination of their molecular characteristics and the handling of said substances for isolating or concentrating them from mixtures or solutions - Google Patents
Method for the identification of substances, the determination of their molecular characteristics and the handling of said substances for isolating or concentrating them from mixtures or solutions Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
Definitions
- the object of the present invention is a method that qualitatively and quantitatively identifies different substances within a compound, determine the molecular characteristics of the substances (electrical and magnetic dipole moments) and act on them at the molecular level to achieve their isolation, or their isolation. concentration.
- the field of application extends to the sectors of activity in which the analysis for the identification of substances and / or the characterization of their molecular parameters is interesting, as well as the separation and / or concentration of substances from a mixture or solution
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) very fine control of the inhomogeneity of the fields, so that a new technique that dispenses with the use of these types of fields would represent a remarkable improvement.
- the beam is divided according to the different quantum levels of the molecules and only one part of the beam is worked (that one that fulfills the conditions for its new approach), not being possible to recompose the original beam against this, the new method object of this patent allows to work with the whole beam, selecting those levels whose molecules you want to separate. This makes the new method more precise in its analytical application and also allows its use to isolate or concentrate substances.
- the present invention relates to a method for qualitatively and quantitatively identifying a substance and determining some of its molecular characteristics, and for separating and / or concentrating substances, using homogeneous electromagnetic fields.
- the process according to the invention aims to identify substances constituting an initial mixture or solution (sample) generating, from it, a flow of particles with electric or magnetic dipole moment.
- This flow is subjected to the action of a Stark or Zeeman field, that is, a homogeneous electric or magnetic field and, simultaneously, a perpendicular oscillatory electromagnetic field.
- the process according to the invention allows to determine the dipole moments of the molecule of a substance. For this, a particle flow of said substance is generated and this flow is subjected to the action of a Stark field or to the action of a Zeeman field, and to a perpendicular oscillatory electromagnetic field.
- the signal decrease is then measured for different resonance frequencies of said oscillatory field, which allows to calculate the electric or magnetic dipole moments, by applying the known formalism of Quantum Mechanics.
- the separation and / or concentration of a substance within a mixture is achieved by generating a flow of particles from the mixture and subjecting said flow, as in the second previous embodiment, to the action of a Stark field or a Zeeman field, as well as a perpendicular oscillatory electromagnetic field.
- fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an installation to carry out the process according to the invention
- fig. 2 is another block diagram that schematically represents the resonance unit employed in the practice of the present invention
- figs. 3 and 4 schematically represent the circuitry to generate a homogeneous field and an oscillating electro-magnetic field, respectively, for the execution of the method according to the invention.
- a molecular beam with particles endowed with electric dipole moment is generated in 1, by means of the technique of supersonic expansion of the vacuum gas, controlled by a valve, a molecular beam with particles endowed with electric dipole moment.
- the beam is introduced into a vacuum chamber where the resonance unit 2, which is described below, is located.
- the resonance unit 2 which is described below, is located.
- detector 3 any one that allows measuring the number of particles in the beam is used, for example any type of mass spectrometer.
- the resonance unit 2 is constituted by two rectangular glass plates, 21, 22, each with one of its faces covered by a metal layer applied, for example, by gas deposition of A metal film. On one of the faces of one of said plates, 22,
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET eliminates, for example, by a mechanical system (with a punch, for example) or by evaporation of the metal film (by means of a laser, for example) part of said metal layer, in order to define two electrically insulated areas, 22a , 22b, on the same plate.
- the homogeneous field (Stark or Zeeman) is generated by applying, through a regulated power supply 3, a constant potential difference between the two raised faces of the plates 21, 22, facing each other and in parallel.
- the oscillatory electromagnetic field As for the oscillatory electromagnetic field (see Fig. 4), it is generated between the two electrically isolated regions 22a, 22b of the same face of the plate 22, by means of a signal generator 4.
- a homogeneous electric field and an oscillating electromagnetic field both perpendicular to each other, then overlap in the resonance unit 2.
- a beam passes through the resonance unit 2, if there are molecules that are at the levels resonantly connected to the frequency of the oscillating electromagnetic field generated between the two regions 22a, 22b of the plate 22, they will deviate from the beam. This reduction in the number of beam molecules will be perceived in the detector 3 as a decrease in the generated signal.
- the resonance unit 2 is constituted by the antenna connected to the signal generator 4 (as described in the previous embodiment) and, either a U-shaped electromagnet, or by a pair of magnets with facing poles with a separation regulated by a precise mechanism.
- the oscillatory electromagnetic field generated by the antenna and the constant field generated by the electromagnet or magnets must be perpendicular to each other.
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) molecules that are at the levels resonantly connected to the frequency of the oscillatory electromagnetic field generated by the antenna, said reduction of the number of beam molecules in the detector 3 being reflected as a decrease in the generated signal.
- the spectrum obtained by scanning frequencies with the oscillating electromagnetic field generator allows identifying each type of constitutive molecule of the substance being analyzed. .
- the concentration of the different substances present in the mixture or solution it is possible to determine the concentration of the different substances present in the mixture or solution.
- the measurement of the decrease of the detector 3 signal for different resonance frequencies of the oscillating electromagnetic field allows to calculate the electric and magnetic dipole moments following processes already known in Quantum Mechanics.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for separating and / or concentrating substances, since the type of molecule to be removed from the beam can be chosen by selecting the appropriate frequency.
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for the identification of substances, the determination of their molecular characteristics and the handling of said substances for isolating or concentrating them from mixtures or solutions. The inventive method involves: generating a flow of particles from a mixture or solution with dipolar electrical or magnetic moment; exposing said flow to a homogenous electrical or magnetic field and simultaneously to a perpendicular oscillatory electromagnetic field; measuring the number of flow particles. When radiation is resonant between two quantic levels, a variation in the population of the quantic levels affected by the quantic transition is detected. Said variation in the number of molecules is translated into a variation of the detector signal and makes it possible to determine the concentration of a substance in a sample. Separation of the substance is achieved by selecting the resonant frequency for said substance.
Description
"MÉTODO PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE SUSTANCIAS, "METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES,
LA DETERMINACIÓN DE SUS CARACTERÍSTICAS MOLECULARESTHE DETERMINATION OF ITS MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS
Y SU MANIPULACIÓN PARA AISLARLAS O CONCENTRARLASAND HIS HANDLING TO ISOLATE OR CONCENTRATE THEM
A PARTIR DE MEZCLAS O DISOLUCIONES"FROM MIXTURES OR DISSOLUTIONS "
Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention
El objeto de la presente invención es un método que permite identificar cualitativa y cuantitativamente distintas sustancias dentro de un compuesto, determinar características moleculares de las sustancias (momentos dipolares eléctrico y magnético) y actuar sobre ellas a nivel molecular para conseguir bien su aislamiento, bien su concentración.The object of the present invention is a method that qualitatively and quantitatively identifies different substances within a compound, determine the molecular characteristics of the substances (electrical and magnetic dipole moments) and act on them at the molecular level to achieve their isolation, or their isolation. concentration.
El campo de aplicación se extiende a los sectores de actividad en los que sea de interés el análisis para la iden- tificación de sustancias y/o la caracterización de sus parámetros moleculares, así como la separación y/o concentración de sustancias a partir de una mezcla o disolución.The field of application extends to the sectors of activity in which the analysis for the identification of substances and / or the characterization of their molecular parameters is interesting, as well as the separation and / or concentration of substances from a mixture or solution
Antecedentes de la técnica El antecedente más próximo es la espectroscopia de resonancia eléctrica/magnética de haces moleculares. Esta técnica, ampliamente descrita en la bibliografía (I. Rabi, S. Miliman, P. Kush y J. Zacharias, en Phys . Re . 55, 526 (1939); N. F. Ra sey, en Molecualr Beams, Prensa de la Uni- versidad de Oxford (1956) ; H. Panly y J. P. Toennies, en Met- hods of experimental Physics, vol . 1 , Acaddemy Press, New York, EE.UU, pág. 227 (1968), y J. reuss, en "State Selection by Non Optical Methods", en Atomic and Molecular Beam Met- ods, vol. 2, Prensa de la Universidad de Oxford, Oxford (1992) ) , se basa en las técnicas de enfoque y/o deflexión eléctrica/magnética basada en la interacción entre el momento dipolar eléctrico/magnético de una molécula y un campo eléctrico/magnético inhomogéneo.BACKGROUND OF THE ART The closest antecedent is molecular / electric resonance magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This technique, widely described in the literature (I. Rabi, S. Miliman, P. Kush and J. Zacharias, in Phys. Re. 55, 526 (1939); NF Ra sey, in Molecualr Beams, Press of the Uni- Oxford version (1956); H. Panly and JP Toennies, in Methods of experimental Physics, vol. 1, Acaddemy Press, New York, USA, p. 227 (1968), and J. reuss, in " State Selection by Non Optical Methods ", in Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods, vol. 2, Oxford University Press, Oxford (1992)), is based on focusing techniques and / or electrical / magnetic deflection based on the interaction between the electric / magnetic dipole moment of a molecule and an inhomogeneous electric / magnetic field.
Los métodos de espectroscopia por resonancia eléctri- ca/magnética se basan en la utilización de un campo eléctrico o magnético inhomogéneo (según se trabaje con momentos dipolares eléctricos o magnéticos). Estas técnicas precisan unThe methods of electric / magnetic resonance spectroscopy are based on the use of an inhomogeneous electric or magnetic field (depending on whether you work with electric or magnetic dipole moments). These techniques require a
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control muy fino de la inhomogeneidad de los campos, por lo que, una técnica nueva que prescinda de la utilización de este tipo de campos, representaría una notable mejora.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) very fine control of the inhomogeneity of the fields, so that a new technique that dispenses with the use of these types of fields would represent a remarkable improvement.
Por otra parte, en los métodos de espectroscopia por resonancia, el haz se divide según los distintos niveles cuánticos de las moléculas y sólo se trabaja con una parte del haz (aquélla que cumpla las condiciones para su nuevo enfoque) , no siendo posible recomponer el haz original. Frente a esto, el nuevo método objeto de esta patente permite trábajar con todo el haz, seleccionando aquéllos niveles cuyas moléculas se quieren separar. Esto hace que el nuevo método sea más preciso en su aplicación analítica y permita, además, su utilización para aislar o concentrar sustancias.On the other hand, in the methods of resonance spectroscopy, the beam is divided according to the different quantum levels of the molecules and only one part of the beam is worked (that one that fulfills the conditions for its new approach), not being possible to recompose the original beam Against this, the new method object of this patent allows to work with the whole beam, selecting those levels whose molecules you want to separate. This makes the new method more precise in its analytical application and also allows its use to isolate or concentrate substances.
Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a un método para identificar, cualitativa y cuantitativamente una sustancia y determinar algunas de sus características moleculares, y para separar y/o concentrar sustancias, utilizando campos electro- magnéticos homogéneos.The present invention relates to a method for qualitatively and quantitatively identifying a substance and determining some of its molecular characteristics, and for separating and / or concentrating substances, using homogeneous electromagnetic fields.
En una primera realización, el procedimiento de acuerdo con el invento tiene como objetivo la identificación de sustancias constitutivas de una mezcla o disolución (muestra) inicial generando, a partir de ésta, un flujo de partículas con momento dipolar eléctrico o magnético. Este flujo es sometido a la acción de un campo Stark o Zeeman, es decir, a un campo eléctrico o magnético homogéneo y, simultáneamente, a un campo electromagnético oscilatorio perpendicular.In a first embodiment, the process according to the invention aims to identify substances constituting an initial mixture or solution (sample) generating, from it, a flow of particles with electric or magnetic dipole moment. This flow is subjected to the action of a Stark or Zeeman field, that is, a homogeneous electric or magnetic field and, simultaneously, a perpendicular oscillatory electromagnetic field.
En esta primera realización, cuando la radiación es re- sonante entre dos niveles cuánticos, se observa una disminu¬ ción de la señal en el detector, disminución que corresponde a la desviación de la población de los niveles cuánticos afectados por la transición cuántica.In this first embodiment, when the radiation is re sonant between two quantum levels, one Decreases observed ¬ signal in the detector, corresponding to decrease the deviation of the population of the quantum levels affected by the quantum transition.
Realizando un barrido en frecuencias con el generador del campo electomagnético oscilatorio, se obtiene un espectro que permite identificar cada tipo de molécula de las sustancias constitutivas de dicha mezcla o disolución inicial, asíBy performing a frequency sweep with the oscillating electomagnetic field generator, a spectrum is obtained that allows each type of molecule of the constituent substances of said initial mixture or solution to be identified, thus
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como de sus concentraciones.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) as of its concentrations.
En una segunda realización preferida, el procedimiento de acuerdo con el invento permite determinar los momentos dipolares de la molécula de una sustancia. Para ello, se genera un flujo de partículas de dicha sustancia y se somete a este flujo a la acción de un campo Stark o bien a la acción de un campo Zeeman, y a un campo electromagnético oscilatorio perpendicular.In a second preferred embodiment, the process according to the invention allows to determine the dipole moments of the molecule of a substance. For this, a particle flow of said substance is generated and this flow is subjected to the action of a Stark field or to the action of a Zeeman field, and to a perpendicular oscillatory electromagnetic field.
En esta segunda realización, cuando la radiación es re- sonante entre dos niveles cuánticos, se observa, asimismo, una disminución de la señal en el detector, disminución que responde, igualmente, a la desviación de la población de los niveles cuánticos afectados por la transición cuántica.In this second embodiment, when the radiation is resonant between two quantum levels, a decrease in the signal in the detector is also observed, a decrease that also responds to the deviation of the population from the quantum levels affected by the quantum transition
Se mide entonces la disminución de la señal para distin- tas frecuencias de resonancia de dicho campo oscilatorio, lo que permite calcular los momentos dipolares eléctrico o magnético, mediante la aplicación del formalismo conocido de la Mecánica Cuántica.The signal decrease is then measured for different resonance frequencies of said oscillatory field, which allows to calculate the electric or magnetic dipole moments, by applying the known formalism of Quantum Mechanics.
De acuerdo con una tercera realización preferida del invento, se logra la separación y/o concentración de una sustancia dentro de una mezcla generando un flujo de partículas de la mezcla y sometiendo a dicho flujo, como en la segunda realización anterior, a la acción de un campo Stark o de un campo Zeeman, asi como a un campo electromagnético oscilato- rio perpendicular.According to a third preferred embodiment of the invention, the separation and / or concentration of a substance within a mixture is achieved by generating a flow of particles from the mixture and subjecting said flow, as in the second previous embodiment, to the action of a Stark field or a Zeeman field, as well as a perpendicular oscillatory electromagnetic field.
Medíante la selección de la frecuencia resonante entre dos niveles de una sustancia de la mezcla, se consigue separar ésta de la citada mezcla. De este modo, se obtiene dicha sustancia pura y, también, una mayor concentración de las de- más sustancias en dicha mezcla.Through the selection of the resonant frequency between two levels of a substance in the mixture, it is possible to separate it from said mixture. In this way, said pure substance is obtained and also a greater concentration of the other substances in said mixture.
Repitiendo el proceso de esta tercera realización del invento tantas veces como se desee, se consiguen muestras de sustancias puras, al tiempo que se va aumentando la concentración de las sustancias que se conservan en la mezcla.Repeating the process of this third embodiment of the invention as many times as desired, samples of pure substances are obtained, while increasing the concentration of the substances that are preserved in the mixture.
Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
En lo que sigue, se va a describir con mayor detalle elIn what follows, the
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procedimiento de acuerdo con el invento, haciendo referencia para ello a, por lo menos, una realización preferida del mismo, facilitada únicamente con fines ilustrativos y relacionada con los dibujos adjuntos, en los que: la fig. 1 es un diagrama de bloques simplificado de una instalación para llevar a la práctica el procedimiento de acuerdo con el invento; la fig. 2 es otro diagrama de bloques que representa esquemáticamente la unidad de resonancia empleada en la pues- ta en práctica del presente invento; y las figs . 3 y 4 representan, esquemáticamente, la cir- cuiteria para generar un campo homogéneo y un campo electo- magnético oscilatorio, respectivamente, para la ejecución del método de acuerdo con el invento.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) method according to the invention, referring to at least one preferred embodiment thereof, provided for illustrative purposes only and related to the attached drawings, in which: fig. 1 is a simplified block diagram of an installation to carry out the process according to the invention; fig. 2 is another block diagram that schematically represents the resonance unit employed in the practice of the present invention; and figs. 3 and 4 schematically represent the circuitry to generate a homogeneous field and an oscillating electro-magnetic field, respectively, for the execution of the method according to the invention.
Descripción detallada de las realizaciones preferidasDetailed description of preferred embodiments
Haciendo referencia a los dibujos y, en primer lugar, a la fig. 1 de los mismos, en ella se muestran, en forma de diagrama de bloques, los componentes fundamentales de una instalación para la ejecución del procedimiento de acuerdo con el invento, a saber, un generador 1 de haz molecular, una unidad de resonancia 2 y un detector 3.Referring to the drawings and, first, to fig. 1 thereof, in it is shown, in block diagram form, the fundamental components of an installation for the execution of the process according to the invention, namely a molecular beam generator 1, a resonance unit 2 and a detector 3.
De acuerdo con una primera realización preferida, mediante expansión supersónica se genera en 1, mediante la téc- nica de expansión supersónica del gas en vacío, controlada por una válvula, un haz molecular con partículas dotadas de momento dipolar eléctrico. El haz es introducido en una cámara de vacio en donde se encuentra la unidad de resonancia 2, que se describe más adelante. Como detector 3 se utiliza cualquiera que permita medir el número de partículas del haz, por ejemplo cualquier tipo de espectrómetro de masas.According to a first preferred embodiment, by supersonic expansion it is generated in 1, by means of the technique of supersonic expansion of the vacuum gas, controlled by a valve, a molecular beam with particles endowed with electric dipole moment. The beam is introduced into a vacuum chamber where the resonance unit 2, which is described below, is located. As detector 3, any one that allows measuring the number of particles in the beam is used, for example any type of mass spectrometer.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la fig. 2 de los dibujos, en ella se puede ver que la unidad de resonancia 2 está constituida por dos placas rectangulares de vidrio, 21, 22, cada una con una de sus caras revestida por una capa metálica aplicada, por ejemplo, por deposición gaseosa de una película de metal. En una de las caras de una de dichas placas, 22, seReferring now to fig. 2 of the drawings, it can be seen that the resonance unit 2 is constituted by two rectangular glass plates, 21, 22, each with one of its faces covered by a metal layer applied, for example, by gas deposition of A metal film. On one of the faces of one of said plates, 22,
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elimina, por ejemplo mediante un sistema mecánico (con un punzón, por ejemplo) o por evaporación de la película metálica (mediante un láser, por ejemplo) parte de dicha capa metálica, con el fin de definir dos zonas eléctricamente aisla- das, 22a, 22b, en la misma placa.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) eliminates, for example, by a mechanical system (with a punch, for example) or by evaporation of the metal film (by means of a laser, for example) part of said metal layer, in order to define two electrically insulated areas, 22a , 22b, on the same plate.
Por otra parte, y haciendo referencia ahora a la fig. 3 de los dibujos, el campo homogéneo (Stark o Zeeman) se genera aplicando, mediante una fuente de alimentación regulada 3, una diferencia de potencial constante entre las dos caras e- talizadas de las placas 21, 22, situadas una frente a otra y en paralelo.On the other hand, and referring now to fig. 3 of the drawings, the homogeneous field (Stark or Zeeman) is generated by applying, through a regulated power supply 3, a constant potential difference between the two raised faces of the plates 21, 22, facing each other and in parallel.
En cuanto al campo electromagnético oscilatorio (véase la fig. 4), se genera entre las dos regiones eléctricamente aisladas 22a, 22b de una misma cara de la placa 22, mediante un generador de señales 4.As for the oscillatory electromagnetic field (see Fig. 4), it is generated between the two electrically isolated regions 22a, 22b of the same face of the plate 22, by means of a signal generator 4.
En funcionamiento, en la unidad de resonancia 2 se superponen, entonces, un campo eléctrico homogéneo y un campo electromagnético oscilatorio, ambos perpendiculares entre sí. Cuando un haz atraviesa la unidad de resonancia 2, si hay moléculas que se encuentren en los niveles conectados resonantemente a la frecuencia del campo electromagnético oscilatorio generado entre las dos regiones 22a, 22b de la placa 22, aquéllas se desviarán del haz. Esta reducción del número de moléculas del haz será percibida en el detector 3 como una disminución de la señal generada.In operation, a homogeneous electric field and an oscillating electromagnetic field, both perpendicular to each other, then overlap in the resonance unit 2. When a beam passes through the resonance unit 2, if there are molecules that are at the levels resonantly connected to the frequency of the oscillating electromagnetic field generated between the two regions 22a, 22b of the plate 22, they will deviate from the beam. This reduction in the number of beam molecules will be perceived in the detector 3 as a decrease in the generated signal.
De acuerdo con una segunda realización del invento, la unidad de resonancia 2 está constituida por la antena conectada al generador de señales 4 (tal y como se ha descrito en la realización anterior) y, bien un electroimán en U, bien mediante un par de imanes con los polos enfrentados con una separación regulada por un mecanismo preciso. El campo electromagnético oscilatorio generado por la antena y el campo constante generado por el electroimán o los imanes, deberán ser perpendiculares entre sí. El resultado en esta segunda realización es, al igual que en la primera realización antes descrita, una disminución del número de moléculas del haz al desviarse de éste aquéllasAccording to a second embodiment of the invention, the resonance unit 2 is constituted by the antenna connected to the signal generator 4 (as described in the previous embodiment) and, either a U-shaped electromagnet, or by a pair of magnets with facing poles with a separation regulated by a precise mechanism. The oscillatory electromagnetic field generated by the antenna and the constant field generated by the electromagnet or magnets must be perpendicular to each other. The result in this second embodiment is, as in the first embodiment described above, a decrease in the number of molecules in the beam by deviating from it.
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moléculas que se encuentren en los niveles conectados resonantemente a la frecuencia del campo electromagnético oscilatorio generado por la antena, reflejándose dicha reducción del número de moléculas del haz en el detector 3 como una disminución de la señal generada.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) molecules that are at the levels resonantly connected to the frequency of the oscillatory electromagnetic field generated by the antenna, said reduction of the number of beam molecules in the detector 3 being reflected as a decrease in the generated signal.
Tanto en el caso de la primera como en el de la segunda realizaciones que acaban de describirse, el espectro obtenido al realizar un barrido en frecuencias con el generador de campo electromagnético oscilatorio permite identificar ca- da tipo de molécula constitutiva de la sustancia que se analiza.Both in the case of the first and in the second embodiments just described, the spectrum obtained by scanning frequencies with the oscillating electromagnetic field generator allows identifying each type of constitutive molecule of the substance being analyzed. .
Asimismo, a partir de dicho espectro de frecuencias obtenido, resulta posible determinar la concentración de las distintas sustancias presentes en la mezcla o disolución. Como antes se ha dicho, la medida de la disminución de la señal del detector 3 para distintas frecuencias de resonancia del campo electromagnético oscilatorio, permite calcular los momentos dipolares eléctrico y magnético siguiendo procesos ya conocidos en la Mecánica Cuántica. El método de acuerdo con el invento, además, resulta idóneo para separar y/o concentrar sustancias, dado que se puede elegir el tipo de molécula que se eliminará del haz mediante la selección de la frecuencia adecuada.Also, from said frequency spectrum obtained, it is possible to determine the concentration of the different substances present in the mixture or solution. As mentioned before, the measurement of the decrease of the detector 3 signal for different resonance frequencies of the oscillating electromagnetic field, allows to calculate the electric and magnetic dipole moments following processes already known in Quantum Mechanics. The method according to the invention, moreover, is suitable for separating and / or concentrating substances, since the type of molecule to be removed from the beam can be chosen by selecting the appropriate frequency.
A los expertos en la técnica les resultarán evidentes variaciones y modificaciones de las realizaciones del invento que se han descrito en lo que antecede, pero todas ellas deben considerarse anticipadas por el invento siempre que no se aparten del espíritu ni del alcance de las reivindicaciones adjuntas .Variations and modifications of the embodiments of the invention that have been described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art, but all of them should be considered anticipated by the invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit or scope of the appended claims.
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET RULE 26
Claims
1. Método para la identificación cualitativa de sustancias puras o de las distintas sustancias presentes en una mezcla o disolución, caracterizado por: a) generar un flujo de partículas a partir de dicha mezcla o disolución, con momento dipolar eléctrico o magnético; b) someter dicho flujo a la acción de un campo eléctrico o magnético homogéneo y, simultáneamente, a la acción de un campo electromagnético oscilatorio perpendicular, siendo desviadas entonces, de dicho flujo las moléculas de dicha mezcla o disolución que se encuentren en los niveles conectados resonantemente a la frecuencia de dicho campo oscilatorio; c) detectar la disminución del número de moléculas presentes en el flujo; y d) realizar un barrido en frecuencias del campo oscilatorio a fin de obtener un espectro que permita identificar cada tipo de molécula constitutiva de cada una de las sustan- cias que se analizan.1. Method for the qualitative identification of pure substances or of the different substances present in a mixture or solution, characterized by: a) generating a flow of particles from said mixture or solution, with electric or magnetic dipole moment; b) subjecting said flow to the action of a homogeneous electric or magnetic field and, simultaneously, to the action of a perpendicular oscillatory electromagnetic field, the molecules of said mixture or solution that are at the connected levels being then diverted from said flow. resonantly at the frequency of said oscillatory field; c) detect the decrease in the number of molecules present in the flow; and d) carry out a sweep in frequencies of the oscillatory field in order to obtain a spectrum that allows to identify each type of constitutive molecule of each one of the substances analyzed.
2. Método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque dicho espectro obtenido por barrido en frecuencias en dicha operación d) , permite determinar la concentración de las distintas sustancias en la mezcla o disolu- ción.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said spectrum obtained by frequency scanning in said operation d), allows the concentration of the different substances in the mixture or solution to be determined.
3. Método de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, caracterizado porque se mide dicha disminución del número de moléculas en el flujo generado a partir de dicha mezcla o disolución para distintas frecuencias de resonancia del campo electromagnético oscilatorio, y se calculan, a partir de dicha medición, los momentos dipolares eléctrico y magnético de las moléculas de dicha sustancia.3. Method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said decrease in the number of molecules in the flow generated from said mixture or solution is measured for different resonance frequencies of the oscillatory electromagnetic field, and are calculated, from said measurement, the electric and magnetic dipole moments of the molecules of said substance.
4. Método para la separación de una sustancia de una mezcla o disolución, en el que se llevan a cabo las operacio- nes a) y b) de la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además por la operación de: e) seleccionar la frecuencia resonante entre dos niveles de una sustancia de la mezcla, para separar ésta4. Method for separating a substance from a mixture or solution, in which the operations a) and b) of claim 1 are carried out, further characterized by the operation of: e) selecting the resonant frequency between two levels of a substance in the mixture, to separate it
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) de dicha mezcla, con lo que se obtiene dicha sustancia pura.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) of said mixture, whereby said pure substance is obtained.
5. Método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque repitiendo dichas operaciones a), b) y e) tantas veces como se desee, se consiguen distintas muestras de sus- tancías puras.5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that by repeating said operations a), b) and e) as many times as desired, different samples of pure substances are obtained.
6. Método para aumentar la concentración de una o varias sustancias contenidas en una mezcla o disolución, en el que se lleva a cabo las operaciones a) , b) y e) de la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque se obtiene, así, una mayor con- centración de las otras sustancias de dicha mezcla o disolución.6. Method for increasing the concentration of one or more substances contained in a mixture or solution, in which the operations a), b) and e) of claim 4 are carried out, characterized in that a greater amount is thus obtained with - centering of the other substances in said mixture or solution.
7. Método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque repitiendo dichas operaciones a), b) y e) de la reivindicación 6 tantas veces como se desee, se consigue se- parar distintas sustancias puras, al tiempo que se va aumentando la concentración de las sustancias restantes en la mezcla o disolución.7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that by repeating said operations a), b) and e) of claim 6 as many times as desired, it is possible to separate different pure substances, while increasing the concentration of the remaining substances in the mixture or solution.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2001269144A AU2001269144A1 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2001-07-06 | Method for the identification of substances, the determination of their molecular characteristics and the handling of said substances for isolating or concentrating them from mixtures or solutions |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200001696A ES2164030A1 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2000-07-07 | Method for the identification of substances, the determination of their molecular characteristics and the handling of said substances for isolating or concentrating them from mixtures or solutions |
| ESP200001696 | 2000-07-07 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2002007865A1 true WO2002007865A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/ES2001/000270 WO2002007865A1 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2001-07-06 | Method for the identification of substances, the determination of their molecular characteristics and the handling of said substances for isolating or concentrating them from mixtures or solutions |
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| Country | Link |
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| AU (1) | AU2001269144A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2164030A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002007865A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2005334391B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2011-10-06 | Centro De Investigacion De Rotacion Y Torque Aplicada, S.L. C.I.F. B83987073 | Filter for capturing polluting emissions |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3513381A (en) * | 1967-07-17 | 1970-05-19 | Varian Associates | Off-resonant light as a probe of optically pumped alkali vapors |
| US3676004A (en) * | 1969-12-23 | 1972-07-11 | Zeiss Stiftung | Device for the spectrochemical determination of the concentration of an element in a sample |
| US3805148A (en) * | 1970-03-31 | 1974-04-16 | Sagami Chem Res | Method for measuring nitrogen oxides in pollution air and device for performing the same method |
| US4047026A (en) * | 1976-01-02 | 1977-09-06 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Deflection of atomic beams with isotope separation by optical resonance radiation using stimulated emission and the A.C. Stark effect |
| US4199679A (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1980-04-22 | Ami Rav Aviv | Method and apparatus for the separation of isotopes |
| US4341470A (en) * | 1971-01-05 | 1982-07-27 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Atomic absorption spectroscopy |
| JPH05301028A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1993-11-16 | Toshiba Corp | Separation of isotope |
-
2000
- 2000-07-07 ES ES200001696A patent/ES2164030A1/en active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-07-06 WO PCT/ES2001/000270 patent/WO2002007865A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-07-06 AU AU2001269144A patent/AU2001269144A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3513381A (en) * | 1967-07-17 | 1970-05-19 | Varian Associates | Off-resonant light as a probe of optically pumped alkali vapors |
| US3676004A (en) * | 1969-12-23 | 1972-07-11 | Zeiss Stiftung | Device for the spectrochemical determination of the concentration of an element in a sample |
| US3805148A (en) * | 1970-03-31 | 1974-04-16 | Sagami Chem Res | Method for measuring nitrogen oxides in pollution air and device for performing the same method |
| US4341470A (en) * | 1971-01-05 | 1982-07-27 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Atomic absorption spectroscopy |
| US4199679A (en) * | 1975-11-27 | 1980-04-22 | Ami Rav Aviv | Method and apparatus for the separation of isotopes |
| US4047026A (en) * | 1976-01-02 | 1977-09-06 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Deflection of atomic beams with isotope separation by optical resonance radiation using stimulated emission and the A.C. Stark effect |
| JPH05301028A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1993-11-16 | Toshiba Corp | Separation of isotope |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2005334391B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2011-10-06 | Centro De Investigacion De Rotacion Y Torque Aplicada, S.L. C.I.F. B83987073 | Filter for capturing polluting emissions |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001269144A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 |
| ES2164030A1 (en) | 2002-02-01 |
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