WO2002006658A9 - A piston head and to a method of making a piston head - Google Patents

A piston head and to a method of making a piston head

Info

Publication number
WO2002006658A9
WO2002006658A9 PCT/GB2001/003002 GB0103002W WO0206658A9 WO 2002006658 A9 WO2002006658 A9 WO 2002006658A9 GB 0103002 W GB0103002 W GB 0103002W WO 0206658 A9 WO0206658 A9 WO 0206658A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston head
bowl
thermal oxidation
hot forging
crown
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2001/003002
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002006658A1 (en
Inventor
Michael John Williams
Original Assignee
United Eng Forgings Ltd
Michael John Williams
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United Eng Forgings Ltd, Michael John Williams filed Critical United Eng Forgings Ltd
Priority to AU2001267739A priority Critical patent/AU2001267739A1/en
Publication of WO2002006658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002006658A1/en
Publication of WO2002006658A9 publication Critical patent/WO2002006658A9/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0636—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space having a substantially flat and horizontal bottom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/18—Making machine elements pistons or plungers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/10—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/04—Forging of engine parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • F05C2201/046—Stainless steel or inox, e.g. 18-8
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piston head and to a method of making a piston head.
  • a piston head having a bowl in the crown
  • At least the upper edge of the bowl being made of a material resistant to thermal
  • At least the lead-in to the bowl and the walls of the bowl are made of the
  • thermal oxidation resistant material In a preferred embodiment, the whole of the
  • the crown is made of the thermal resistant material.
  • the thermal resistant material may be any material.
  • any suitable material may be, for example, stainless steel.
  • the styrene resin any suitable material and may be, for example, stainless steel.
  • said other part of the piston head constitutes the remainder of the piston head.
  • piston head having a bowl in the crown, the method comprising hot forging a billet
  • the forged piston head has a bowl in the crown
  • the two said parts of the billet are preferably fixed together prior to hot forging.
  • two said parts of the billet may be fixed together in any suitable way and may be
  • the piston head having a bowl in the
  • the method comprising hot forging a billet comprising one part made of a
  • Fig 1 is a perspective view of the piston head of the embodiment
  • Fig 2 is a cross section of the piston head of the embodiment at A-A of Fig 1 ;
  • Fig 3 is a perspective view of the billet to be hot forged into the piston head of the
  • the top part 14 of the resulting billet 12 is made of stainless steel
  • the lower part 16 of the billet 12 is made of a conventional hot forging material for
  • the top part 14 may be about 40%
  • the billet 12 is hot forged in conventional fashion and the resulting piston head 10 is
  • the piston head 10 is of known shape and consists of a
  • the piston head 10 has
  • apertures 24 the axes of which are collinear, the apertures 24 in the ears 22
  • the head 10 has a reasonably uniform depth or thickness around the bowl 20, the thickness

Abstract

The invention provides a piston head (10) having a bowl (20) in the crown (18) thereof. At least the upper edge of the bowl (20), and preferably the whole crown (18) is made of a material resistant to thermal oxidation, such as stainless steel. The remainder of the piston head (10) is made of conventional hot forging material.

Description

A piston head and to a method of making a piston head
The invention relates to a piston head and to a method of making a piston head.
It is known to shape the surface of a piston head which faces the combustion chamber,
i.e. the crown surface, with a central recess or "bowl". Due to the increasingly high
compression pressures and temperatures used in modern diesel internal combustion
engines, there is a tendency for the bowl in the crown of the piston head to undergo
degradation by thermal oxidation and consequently to crack around the sides of the
bowl and particularly around the entrance to the bowl over time. Materials are known
which would provide better resistance to thermal oxidation and the resulting cracking,
for example, stainless steel, but cannot be forged as easily as conventional material and
are more expensive.
According to the invention there is provided a piston head having a bowl in the crown
thereof, at least the upper edge of the bowl being made of a material resistant to thermal
oxidation and another part of the piston head being made of a different material.
In this way, the bowl is protected from thermal oxidation because of the use of a
suitably resistant material, but another part of the piston head is made of a different
material and can be made of conventional hot forging material so that the piston head
can be forged in the usual way without the difficulty and expense involved in moving to
a construction where the piston head is made entirely of thermal oxidation resistant
material. Preferably, at least the lead-in to the bowl and the walls of the bowl are made of the
thermal oxidation resistant material. In a preferred embodiment, the whole of the
crown is made of the thermal resistant material. The thermal resistant material may be
any suitable material and may be, for example, stainless steel. In one embodiment, the
said other part of the piston head constitutes the remainder of the piston head.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of making a
piston head having a bowl in the crown, the method comprising hot forging a billet
comprising one part made of thermal oxidation resistant material and another part made
of a material for hot forging, such that the forged piston head has a bowl in the crown
and at least the upper edge of the bowl is made of the thermal oxidation resistant
material.
The two said parts of the billet are preferably fixed together prior to hot forging. The
two said parts of the billet may be fixed together in any suitable way and may be
welded together for example by flash butt welding, or may be diffusion bonded
together, but preferably the two said parts are friction welded together. This method is
simple and inexpensive but provides a very strong connection.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a piston head hot forged
from a billet comprising one part made of a thermal oxidation resistant material and
another part made from a material for hot forging, the piston head having a bowl in the
crown and at least the upper edge of the bowl being made from the thermal oxidation
resistant material. Clearly the method is of wider application and could be used in numerous
circumstances where it is desired to use the hot forging technique, but where part of the
article would benefit from fabrication in a material other than a conventional hot
forging material.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of making an
article, the method comprising hot forging a billet comprising one part made of a
material for hot forging and another part made from a different material.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided an article hot forged
from a billet comprising one part made of a material suitable for hot forging and
another part made of a different material.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example and with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig 1 is a perspective view of the piston head of the embodiment;
Fig 2 is a cross section of the piston head of the embodiment at A-A of Fig 1 ; and,
Fig 3 is a perspective view of the billet to be hot forged into the piston head of the
embodiment. In order to make the piston head 10 of the embodiment a cylindrical billet 12, as shown
in Figure 3, is prepared by friction welding together two cylindrical parts 14,16 of
common diameter. The top part 14 of the resulting billet 12 is made of stainless steel
and the lower part 16 of the billet 12 is made of a conventional hot forging material for
making piston heads, in this case the steel SE 4140. The top part 14 may be about 40%
of the total height of the billet 12.
The billet 12 is hot forged in conventional fashion and the resulting piston head 10 is
shown in Figures 2 and 3. The piston head 10 is of known shape and consists of a
crown 18 in which a bowl 20 is defined coaxially therewith. The piston head 10 has
two ears 22 depending therefrom at opposite sides of the piston head 10. The ears 22
define apertures 24, the axes of which are collinear, the apertures 24 in the ears 22
being arranged to receive a gudgeon pin (not shown) to mount a connecting rod (not
shown) of a diesel internal combustion engine in conventional fashion.
As seen in Figure 2, the distribution of the stainless steel after hot forging is such that it
makes up the entirety of the top surface 26 of the crown 18 of the piston head 10
including the whole of the bowl 20. Indeed, the stainless steel layer 28 in the piston
head 10 has a reasonably uniform depth or thickness around the bowl 20, the thickness
of the stainless steel layer 28 then decreasing steadily towards the edges of the top
surface 26 of the crown 18.
In this way, the piston head 10 will be much less prone to cracking due to the high
compression ratios of modern diesel engines and the subsequent pressure to which it will be subjected in use because the area with the greatest risk of cracks appearing,
namely around the bowl 20 and in the walls of the bowl 20, is made of stainless steel,
which has a much greater resistance to thermal oxidation than conventional hot forging
material for piston heads. The ears 22 however, which would be difficult to hot forge
in stainless steel, are still made in the conventional material and so the pressure under
which the billet 12 is hot forged does not need to be increased in spite of the presence
of the stainless steel, so that no additional energy is required to result in this more
robust construction.

Claims

Claims
1. A piston head having a bowl in the crown thereof, at least the upper edge of the
bowl being made of a material resistant to thermal oxidation and another part of the
piston head being made of a different material.
2. A piston head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said other part of the piston
head is made of conventional hot forging material .
3. A piston head as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least the lead-in to
the bowl is made of thermal oxidation resistant material.
4. A piston head as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein at least the walls of the
bowl are made of thermal oxidation resistant material.
5. A piston head as claimed in claim 4, wherein the floor of the bowl is made of
the thermal oxidation resistant material.
6. A piston head as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the whole of the
crown is made of thermal oxidation resistant material.
7. A piston head as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the thermal
oxidation resistant material is stainless steel.
8. A method of making a piston head having a bowl in the crown, the method comprising hot forging a billet comprising one part made of thermal oxidation resistant material and another part made of a material for hot forging, such that the forged piston
head has a bowl in the crown and at least the upper edge of the bowl is made of the thermal oxidation resistant material.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the two said parts of the billet are fixed together prior to hot forging.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the two said parts are friction welded together.
11. A piston head hot forged from a billet comprising one part made of a thermal oxidation resistant material and another part made from a material for hot forging, the
piston head having a bowl in the crown and at least the upper edge of the bowl being made from the thermal oxidation resistant material.
12. A method of making an article, the method comprising hot forging a billet comprising one part made of a material for hot forging and another part made from a different material.
13. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the two said parts are fixed together
prior to hot forging.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the two said parts are friction
welded together.
15. An article hot forged from a billet comprising one part made of a material suitable for hot forging and another part made of a different material.
PCT/GB2001/003002 2000-07-04 2001-07-04 A piston head and to a method of making a piston head WO2002006658A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001267739A AU2001267739A1 (en) 2000-07-04 2001-07-04 A piston head and to a method of making a piston head

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0016443.4 2000-07-04
GBGB0016443.4A GB0016443D0 (en) 2000-07-04 2000-07-04 A piston head and a method of making a piston head

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002006658A1 WO2002006658A1 (en) 2002-01-24
WO2002006658A9 true WO2002006658A9 (en) 2003-08-07

Family

ID=9895023

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2001/003002 WO2002006658A1 (en) 2000-07-04 2001-07-04 A piston head and to a method of making a piston head

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2001267739A1 (en)
GB (1) GB0016443D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2002006658A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10311150A1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2004-09-23 Mahle Gmbh Method of manufacturing a forged piston for an internal combustion engine
DE10311148A1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2004-09-23 Mahle Gmbh Method of manufacturing a forged piston for an internal combustion engine
DE10311149A1 (en) * 2003-03-14 2004-09-23 Mahle Gmbh Method of manufacturing a forged piston for an internal combustion engine
DE102005034306A1 (en) * 2004-10-30 2006-05-18 Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh A method of manufacturing a piston of an internal combustion engine to form a reinforcement of a combustion bowl of the piston
US8205332B2 (en) 2008-12-08 2012-06-26 Mahle International Gmbh Method of forming a connecting rod from two dissimiliar materials by providing material blanks of dissimiliar material, joining the material blanks and subsequently forming the connecting rod
DE102011056480A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2013-06-20 Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh Method for producing a formed metallic workpiece with armor
US10449621B2 (en) * 2014-05-01 2019-10-22 Mahle International Gmbh Magnetic arc welded piston assembly
WO2016092341A1 (en) 2014-12-11 2016-06-16 Compagnie Gervais Danone Process for preparing a product comprising a gelled composition
US20170339991A1 (en) 2014-12-11 2017-11-30 Compagnie Gervais Danone Product comprising a gelled fruit preparation

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1277579A (en) * 1968-07-15 1972-06-14 Wellworthy Ltd Pistons
JPS6445918A (en) * 1987-08-12 1989-02-20 Mitsubishi Motors Corp Combustion chamber for diesel engine
JPH1082345A (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-03-31 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Piston for internal combustion engine and its manufacture
US6032570A (en) * 1998-04-10 2000-03-07 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Composite piston for machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001267739A1 (en) 2002-01-30
GB0016443D0 (en) 2000-08-23
WO2002006658A1 (en) 2002-01-24

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