WO2002003347A1 - System and method for remotely monitoring - Google Patents

System and method for remotely monitoring Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002003347A1
WO2002003347A1 PCT/US2001/021189 US0121189W WO0203347A1 WO 2002003347 A1 WO2002003347 A1 WO 2002003347A1 US 0121189 W US0121189 W US 0121189W WO 0203347 A1 WO0203347 A1 WO 0203347A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
recharging
cell
transducer
coupled
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/021189
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Y. Zhou
Dexing Pang
Original Assignee
Digital Angel Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/813,477 external-priority patent/US6559620B2/en
Application filed by Digital Angel Corporation filed Critical Digital Angel Corporation
Priority to JP2002507338A priority Critical patent/JP2004501735A/en
Priority to EP01953409A priority patent/EP1309960A4/en
Priority to CA002410548A priority patent/CA2410548A1/en
Priority to AU2001275862A priority patent/AU2001275862A1/en
Priority to MXPA02012347A priority patent/MXPA02012347A/en
Publication of WO2002003347A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002003347A1/en
Priority to HK03105289.6A priority patent/HK1053002A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/681—Wristwatch-type devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0031—Implanted circuitry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1112—Global tracking of patients, e.g. by using GPS
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
    • A61B5/1116—Determining posture transitions
    • A61B5/1117—Fall detection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/41—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
    • A61B5/411—Detecting or monitoring allergy or intolerance reactions to an allergenic agent or substance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
    • G01S13/825—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02—Operational features
    • A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
    • A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
    • A61B2560/02—Operational features
    • A61B2560/0204—Operational features of power management
    • A61B2560/0214—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply
    • A61B2560/0219—Operational features of power management of power generation or supply of externally powered implanted units
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/486—Bio-feedback
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/6811—External prosthesis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/378—Electrical supply
    • A61N1/3787—Electrical supply from an external energy source
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/14—Receivers specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S19/17—Emergency applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/20—The network being internal to a load
    • H02J2310/23—The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a system and a method for remotely monitoring, and, more specifically, to a system and a method for remotely monitoring a person using a portable unit that is powered by a self-recharging battery.
  • Medical devices that monitor a biological parameter of a patient are often implanted with a battery.
  • the battery is replaced before the energy supply is substantially drained.
  • a conventional battery implanted in the patient does not generally reveal the amount of remaining energy supply at a given time.
  • a conventional battery is replaced periodically. This results in a waste of batteries as well as possibly subjecting the patient to invasive surgery which carries with it enhanced costs, labor and risk.
  • Some medical devices are powered by rechargeable batteries ; however, such batteries still require the patient to make hospital visits in which an external power supply device is coupled to the rechargeable battery. This may require an uncomfortable procedure in which the patient is hooked up to electrodes or subjected to high intensity electromagnetic radiation.
  • the present invention provides for a system for remotely monitoring a person, which includes a portable unit with a self-recharging battery, the portable unit being adapted to monitor a biological parameter and a physical position or location of the person; a global positioning satellite transmitting global positioning system (GPS) data to the portable unit; and a central unit disposed remotely from the portable unit, the central unit being in communication with the portable unit via a ground station.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the present invention further provides for a method for remotely monitoring a person including the steps of adapting a portable unit to be powered by a self-recharging battery; self-recharging the self-recharging battery; receiving, from a global positioning system (GPS) satellite to the portable unit, information relating to a physical location; monitoring, at the portable unit, a biological parameter of the person; and wirelessly communicating the information relating to the physical location and the biological parameter of the person from the portable unit to a central unit via a ground station.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a photocell disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of a person; a recharging cell coupled to the photocell ; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell .
  • the photocell is adapted to receive ambient light and is adapted to generate a potential difference across the recharging cell in response to receiving the ambient light.
  • the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the potential difference.
  • the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
  • the present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a transducer disposed in a region of a person with a substantial temperature gradient; a recharging cell coupled to the transducer; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell.
  • the transducer is adapted to generate a potential difference across the recharging cell in response to heat flow through the transducer.
  • the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the potential difference.
  • the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
  • the present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a transducer coupled to a pulsing blood vessel; a rectifier coupled to the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier,- and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell .
  • the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to the pulsing blood vessel.
  • the rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal .
  • the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal.
  • the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
  • the present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a transducer coupled to a human voice box of a person; a rectifier coupled to the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell .
  • the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to acoustic waves generated by the human voice box.
  • the rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal.
  • the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal.
  • the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
  • the present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a transducer disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of a person; a rectifier coupled to the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell.
  • the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to acoustic waves generated by an ambient environment.
  • the rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal .
  • the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal.
  • the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system and a method for remotely monitoring of a person according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of a portable unit according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of a self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates two possible locations for a transducer of the self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 illustrates another possible location for the transducer of the self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 illustrates still another embodiment of the self- recharging battery according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 illustrates a possible location for a transducer of the self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
  • the present invention is generally applicable to systems and methods for remote monitoring, the following embodiments according to the present invention contemplate systems and methods for remotely monitoring a person.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system and a method for remotely monitoring a person according to the present invention.
  • a portable unit 100 is coupled to a person 110 that is to be monitored.
  • the portable unit 100 is coupled to a satellite 130.
  • the satellite 130 may be, for example, a set or an array of satellites of an existing global positioning system (GPS) .
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the portable unit 100 is coupled to a ground station 120.
  • the ground station 120 may be, for example, a part of an existing mobile phone grid or a radio communications array.
  • the ground station 120 is coupled to a central unit 140.
  • the portable unit 100 is adapted to monitor biological parameters of the person 100.
  • the portable unit may monitor acoustic, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical and/or electromagnetic parameters, for example, related to human biological parameters including, for example, temperature, heart rate, blood flow rate, muscular activity, respiratory rate, and brain activity of the person being monitored.
  • the portable unit 100 is adapted to monitor the physical location of the person 110.
  • the portable unit 100 receives GPS data transmitted by the satellite 130. With the GPS data, information relating to a physical location of the person 110 may be determined.
  • the central unit 140 makes a request for information to the ground station 120, with which the central unit 140 is in two-way communication.
  • the ground station 120 wirelessly transmits an interrogation signal to the portable unit 100, with which the ground station 120 is in two-way wireless communication.
  • the portable unit 100 wirelessly transmits information relating to the physical location and/or the human biological parameters of the person 110 being monitored. Further information can be sent that is stored in the portable unit 100 such as, for example, identifying information, personal information or special medical information such as personal medical conditions.
  • the ground station 120 sends information relating to information received from the portable unit 100 to the central unit 140.
  • the information received by the central unit 140 can ultimately be stored, displayed, printed, processed or sent to other central units in a network, for example.
  • the central unit 140 which may be located in a hospital or a monitoring center, for example, may make the request for information periodically or aperiodically, for example, by manual intervention or a command triggered by a particular circumstance. Furthermore, the central unit 140 may be in- wire-to-wire or wireless communication with the ground station 120.
  • the portable unit 100 without the receipt of the interrogation signal from the ground station 120, periodically sends information to the ground station 120. Information relating to the received information is sent by the ground station 120 to the central unit 140.
  • the portable unit 100 sends information to the ground station 120 in response to a particular circumstance monitored by the portable unit 100 or in response to a manual command by the person 110 being monitored. For example, the portable unit 100 may send information to the ground station 120 in response to a particular biological parameter which may be indicative of a dangerous medical condition.
  • the portable unit 100 sends information to the ground station 120 in response to a manual actuation of a switch or a specifically programmed button by the person 110.
  • the processing of data relating to, for example, the physical location and/or the human biological parameters of the person 110 being monitored may occur either in the portable unit 100, the ground station 120, the central unit 140 or some combination thereof.
  • the portable unit 100 may receive GPS data from the satellite.
  • the GPS data is processed by the portable unit 100, the portable unit 100 calculating the physical location of the person 110 before sending the calculated physical location to the ground station 120 and, subsequently, to the central unit 140.
  • the GPS data received by the portable unit 100 may be sent to the ground station 120, which processes the information and calculates the physical location of the person 110, the calculated physical location of the person being sent to the central unit.
  • the GPS data is sent to the portable unit 100 which sends the information to the ground station 120 which, in turn, sends the information to the central unit 140.
  • the central unit 140 which processes the GPS data and calculates the physical location of the person 110.
  • the present invention contemplates a distributed processing scheme in which part of the processing of the information received by the portable unit 100 from the person 110 and/or the satellite 130 is processed, in part, by a combination of the portable unit 100, the ground station 120 and/or the central unit 140.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a portable unit 100 according to the present invention.
  • the portable unit 100 includes a microchip 210, a transceiver 220, a self-recharging battery 230 and at least one sensor 240.
  • the portable unit 100 may optionally include a receiver 250.
  • the microchip 210 includes a processing unit 260 and an information storage device 270.
  • Figure 2 illustrates some parts included on the microchip 210 and some parts coupled to the microchip 210, one of ordinary skill in the art understands, and the present invention contemplates, that different levels of integration may be achieved by integrating any of the coupled parts as illustrated in Figure 2 onto the microchip 210.
  • the self-recharging battery 230, the at least one sensor 240, the transceiver 220 and, optionally, the receiver 250 are each coupled to the microchip 210.
  • the at least one sensor 240, the transceiver 220 and, optionally, the receiver 250 are each coupled to the processing unit 260, which, in turn, is coupled to the information storage device.
  • the self-recharging battery 230 powers the microchip 210, including the processing unit 260 and the information storage device 270.
  • the self- recharging battery 230 may also power directly or indirectly the transceiver 220, the at least one sensor 240 and/or, optionally, the receiver 250.
  • the transceiver 220 is adapted to be in two-way wireless communication with the ground station 120 and in one-way wireless communication with the satellite 130.
  • the transceiver 220 may be a single antenna or an antenna array, for example.
  • the portable unit 100 includes the transceiver 220 and the receiver 250.
  • the transceiver 220 is in two-way wireless communication with the ground station 120 and the receiver 250 is in one-way wireless communication with the satellite 130.
  • the use of the transceiver 220 and the receiver 250 is advantageous in that the portable unit 100 generally consumes less energy. GPS frequencies tend to be relatively high and sending information over such frequencies by the portable unit 100 via the transceiver 220 can be energy intensive.
  • This embodiment contemplates the receiver 250 being adapted for receiving at high frequencies and the transceiver 220 being adapted for receiving and sending at lower frequencies . The sending of information over lower frequencies by the transceiver 220 results in less energy consumption by the portable unit 100.
  • the at least one sensor 240 is adapted to monitor acoustic, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical and/or electromagnetic parameters, for example, related to human biological parameters including, for example, temperature, heart rate, blood flow rate, muscular activity, respiratory rate, and/or brain activity of the person being monitored.
  • acoustic, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical and/or electromagnetic parameters for example, is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art and is not detailed further.
  • the microchip 210 includes the processing unit 260 and the information storage device 270 in an embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the processing unit 260 may include, for example, a microprocessor, a cache, input terminals and output terminals.
  • the processing unit 260 may include an information storage device which includes an electronic memory which may or may not include the cache of the processing unit 260.
  • the receiver 250 receives GPS data from the satellite 130.
  • the GPS data is received by the microchip 210 and, in particular, the processing unit 260.
  • the processing unit 260 may periodically or aperiodically (i.e., via manual intervention or as a function of circumstance, for example) receive the GPS data.
  • the GPS data may then be processed in the processing unit 260 which may include determining the physical location of the person 110 being monitored.
  • the GPS data and/or the determined physical > location are stored in the information storage device 270.
  • the at least one sensor 240 senses biological parameters of the person 110. These biological parameters are converted into electrical signals by the at least one sensor 240 and received by the processing unit 260.
  • the sensing of biological parameters by the at least one sensor 240 may be a periodic or an aperiodic function (i.e., triggered by a request from the processing unit 260 or as a function of circumstance, for example) .
  • the processing unit 260 may process the electrical signals by converting them into information relating to, for example, a measure of temperature, heart rate, blood flow rate, muscular activity, respiratory rate, and/or brain activity.
  • the processing unit 260 stores the processed and/or unprocessed electrical signals in the information storage device 270.
  • the transceiver 220 receives the interrogation signal, for example, from the ground station 120.
  • the transceiver 220 then sends the interrogation signal to the microchip 210, in particular, to the processing unit 260.
  • the processing unit 260 Upon receiving the interrogation signal the processing unit 260 uploads the information stored in the information storage device onto the transceiver 220.
  • the transceiver then sends the uploaded information to the ground station 120.
  • the microchip is activated only when the transceiver 220 receives the interrogation signal from the ground station 120.
  • This embodiment has an advantage in that energy consumption is minimized.
  • the processing unit 260 accepts data from the receiver 250 and the at least one sensor 240.
  • the processing unit 260 may accept the data over a time interval to achieve more precise data or to develop a history of data. Such data may be processed and/or stored in the information storage device 270.
  • the information contained in the information storage device is uploaded onto the transceiver 220 and transmitted to the ground station 120. After completing the transmission of the uploaded data via the transceiver 220, the processing unit 260 is no longer active in receiving, processing and/or storing information until the next interrogation signal is received from the ground station.
  • the transceiver 220 is adapted to receive the GPS data from the satellite 130 and the interrogation. signal from the ground station 120. Furthermore, the transceiver 220 transmits information from the processing unit 260 to the ground station. Operation is similar as described above.
  • the information storage device 270 may also store preset information relating to identification, personal information or special medical information, for example. This information may have been programmed before the coupling of the portable device 100 to the person 110. Alternatively, the information may have been transmitted to the portable device 100 after the portable device 100 was coupled to the person 110. Such information may include the person's name, home address, phone number and/or a listing of relatives to contact in case of emergency. Furthermore, the information permanently stored in the portable device 100 may relate to special medical information such as allergies to medication or that the patient is diabetic or asthmatic, for example. All of this information may be uploaded onto the transceiver 220 and transmitted to the ground station 120. Such information may be of special significance to medical personnel when the person is disoriented or unconscious and unable to communicate.
  • FIGS 3-8 illustrate exemplary embodiments of the self- recharging battery 230 according to the present invention.
  • a self-recharging battery 230 is advantageous in a method and a system for remote monitoring.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the self-recharging battery 230 according to the present invention.
  • the self- recharging battery 230 includes a photocell 310, a recharging cell 320 and a battery cell 330.
  • the photocell 310 is disposed proximately to a skin surface 340 of the person 110. In the illustrated example, the photocell 310 is just under the skin surface 340.
  • the photocell 310 is coupled to the recharging cell 320.
  • the recharging cell is a capacitor.
  • the recharging cell 320 is coupled to the battery cell 330.
  • the battery cell 330 is coupled to and powers the microchip 210.
  • ambient light 350 e.g., environmental light, natural light
  • the ambient light 350 is absorbed by the photocell 310.
  • the photocell 310 In response to the ambient light 350 being absorbed by the photocell 310, the photocell 310 generates a potential difference (e.g., a voltage) across the recharging cell 320.
  • the recharging cell 320 stores charge which, in turn, is used to recharge the battery cell 330.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the self-recharging battery 230 according to the present invention.
  • the self- recharging battery 230 includes a transducer 410, the recharging cell 320 and the battery cell 330.
  • the transducer 410 is disposed proximately to the skin surface 340. Because of differences in temperature between the body just below the skin surface 340 and the ambient atmosphere 430, a heat flow 420 is generated. In part, the heat flow 420 passes through the transducer 410.
  • the transducer 410 may be, for example, a heat sensitive semiconductor transducer.
  • the heat flow 420 passing through the transducer 410 creates a potential difference between opposite sides of the transducer. The potential difference is provided across the recharging cell 320, the recharging cell 320 storing charge. The stored charge is used to recharge the battery cell 330.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a temperature difference between the skin surface 340 and the ambient atmosphere 430
  • Figure 5 illustrates that the transducer 410 may be placed between a fat layer 520 and a muscle layer 530, or between the fat layer 520 and a skin layer 510. Since each layer 510, 520, 530 has different relative thermal properties, different heat flows can be generated. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the transducer 410 as a recharger is dependent upon the location within the body and upon what materials are employed in creating the heat flow.
  • Figure 6 illustrates that the transducer 410 may be disposed between a first body part 610 and a second body part 620. The transducer 410 employs the heat flow from the first body part 610 to the second body part 620 in charging the recharging cell 320.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the self-recharging battery 230 according to the present invention.
  • the self-recharging battery 230 includes the battery cell 330, the recharging cell 320, a rectifier 710 and a transducer 720 (e.g., a piezo-electric device).
  • the battery cell 330 is coupled to the recharging cell 320 which, in turn, is coupled to the rectifier 710 which, in turn, is . coupled to the transducer 720 which, in turn, is coupled to a blood vessel 730.
  • blood is naturally pulsed through the blood vessel 730 causing the blood vessel 730 to have a cycle of expansion and compression.
  • the expansion and compression of the blood vessel 730 is hereinafter referred to as the pulse.
  • the pulse acts upon the transducer 720.
  • the mechanical pressure provided on the transducer 720 by the pulse causes the transducer 720 to generate an alternating electrical signal .
  • the alternating electrical signal passes through the rectifier 710.
  • the recharging cell 320 uses the rectified electrical signal to store charge which, in turn, is used to recharge the battery cell 330.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the placement of the transducer 720 in an advantageous location proximate to the skin surface 340 and to a human voice box 810 from which resonates audible sounds (e.g., talking).
  • the transducer 720 e.g., a microphone
  • the self-recharging battery 230 is recharged when the person 110 is talking, for example, or when the person 110 is in a noisy ambient environment .

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Abstract

A method and a system for remotely monitoring a person includes a portable unit (100) including a self-recharging battery (230), the portable unit (100) being adapted to monitor a biological parameter and a physical location of the person; a global positioning satellite (130) transmitting global positioning system (GPS) data to the portable unit (100), the central unit (140) being in communication with the portable unit (100) via a ground station (120).

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOTELY MONITORING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a system and a method for remotely monitoring, and, more specifically, to a system and a method for remotely monitoring a person using a portable unit that is powered by a self-recharging battery.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Medical devices that monitor a biological parameter of a patient are often implanted with a battery. Typically, the battery is replaced before the energy supply is substantially drained. A conventional battery implanted in the patient does not generally reveal the amount of remaining energy supply at a given time. Thus, a conventional battery is replaced periodically. This results in a waste of batteries as well as possibly subjecting the patient to invasive surgery which carries with it enhanced costs, labor and risk.
Some medical devices are powered by rechargeable batteries ; however, such batteries still require the patient to make hospital visits in which an external power supply device is coupled to the rechargeable battery. This may require an uncomfortable procedure in which the patient is hooked up to electrodes or subjected to high intensity electromagnetic radiation.
What is needed to help avoid these disadvantages is a portable monitoring unit that is powered by a sel -recharging battery.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides for a system for remotely monitoring a person, which includes a portable unit with a self-recharging battery, the portable unit being adapted to monitor a biological parameter and a physical position or location of the person; a global positioning satellite transmitting global positioning system (GPS) data to the portable unit; and a central unit disposed remotely from the portable unit, the central unit being in communication with the portable unit via a ground station.
The present invention further provides for a method for remotely monitoring a person including the steps of adapting a portable unit to be powered by a self-recharging battery; self-recharging the self-recharging battery; receiving, from a global positioning system (GPS) satellite to the portable unit, information relating to a physical location; monitoring, at the portable unit, a biological parameter of the person; and wirelessly communicating the information relating to the physical location and the biological parameter of the person from the portable unit to a central unit via a ground station.
The present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a photocell disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of a person; a recharging cell coupled to the photocell ; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell . The photocell is adapted to receive ambient light and is adapted to generate a potential difference across the recharging cell in response to receiving the ambient light. The recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the potential difference. The battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
The present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a transducer disposed in a region of a person with a substantial temperature gradient; a recharging cell coupled to the transducer; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell. The transducer is adapted to generate a potential difference across the recharging cell in response to heat flow through the transducer. The recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the potential difference. The battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
The present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a transducer coupled to a pulsing blood vessel; a rectifier coupled to the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier,- and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell . The transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to the pulsing blood vessel. The rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal . The recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal. The battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
The present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a transducer coupled to a human voice box of a person; a rectifier coupled to the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell . The transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to acoustic waves generated by the human voice box. The rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal. The recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal. The battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
The present invention also provides for a self-recharging battery including a transducer disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of a person; a rectifier coupled to the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell. The transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to acoustic waves generated by an ambient environment. The rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal . The recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal. The battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system and a method for remotely monitoring of a person according to the present invention.
Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of a portable unit according to the present invention.
Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of a self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
Figure 5 illustrates two possible locations for a transducer of the self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
Figure 6 illustrates another possible location for the transducer of the self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
Figure 7 illustrates still another embodiment of the self- recharging battery according to the present invention.
Figure 8 illustrates a possible location for a transducer of the self-recharging battery according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Although the present invention is generally applicable to systems and methods for remote monitoring, the following embodiments according to the present invention contemplate systems and methods for remotely monitoring a person.
Figure 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system and a method for remotely monitoring a person according to the present invention. A portable unit 100 is coupled to a person 110 that is to be monitored. The portable unit 100 is coupled to a satellite 130. The satellite 130 may be, for example, a set or an array of satellites of an existing global positioning system (GPS) . The portable unit 100 is coupled to a ground station 120. The ground station 120 may be, for example, a part of an existing mobile phone grid or a radio communications array. The ground station 120 is coupled to a central unit 140.
The portable unit 100 is adapted to monitor biological parameters of the person 100. The portable unit may monitor acoustic, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical and/or electromagnetic parameters, for example, related to human biological parameters including, for example, temperature, heart rate, blood flow rate, muscular activity, respiratory rate, and brain activity of the person being monitored.
Furthermore, the portable unit 100 is adapted to monitor the physical location of the person 110. In an embodiment according to the present invention, the portable unit 100 receives GPS data transmitted by the satellite 130. With the GPS data, information relating to a physical location of the person 110 may be determined.
In an embodiment according to the present invention, the central unit 140 makes a request for information to the ground station 120, with which the central unit 140 is in two-way communication. The ground station 120 wirelessly transmits an interrogation signal to the portable unit 100, with which the ground station 120 is in two-way wireless communication. In response to the interrogation signal, the portable unit 100 wirelessly transmits information relating to the physical location and/or the human biological parameters of the person 110 being monitored. Further information can be sent that is stored in the portable unit 100 such as, for example, identifying information, personal information or special medical information such as personal medical conditions. The ground station 120 sends information relating to information received from the portable unit 100 to the central unit 140. The information received by the central unit 140 can ultimately be stored, displayed, printed, processed or sent to other central units in a network, for example.
The central unit 140, which may be located in a hospital or a monitoring center, for example, may make the request for information periodically or aperiodically, for example, by manual intervention or a command triggered by a particular circumstance. Furthermore, the central unit 140 may be in- wire-to-wire or wireless communication with the ground station 120.
In another embodiment according to the present invention, the portable unit 100, without the receipt of the interrogation signal from the ground station 120, periodically sends information to the ground station 120. Information relating to the received information is sent by the ground station 120 to the central unit 140. In yet another embodiment according to the present invention, the portable unit 100 sends information to the ground station 120 in response to a particular circumstance monitored by the portable unit 100 or in response to a manual command by the person 110 being monitored. For example, the portable unit 100 may send information to the ground station 120 in response to a particular biological parameter which may be indicative of a dangerous medical condition. In another example, the portable unit 100 sends information to the ground station 120 in response to a manual actuation of a switch or a specifically programmed button by the person 110.
The processing of data relating to, for example, the physical location and/or the human biological parameters of the person 110 being monitored may occur either in the portable unit 100, the ground station 120, the central unit 140 or some combination thereof. For example, the portable unit 100 may receive GPS data from the satellite. The GPS data is processed by the portable unit 100, the portable unit 100 calculating the physical location of the person 110 before sending the calculated physical location to the ground station 120 and, subsequently, to the central unit 140. Alternatively, the GPS data received by the portable unit 100 may be sent to the ground station 120, which processes the information and calculates the physical location of the person 110, the calculated physical location of the person being sent to the central unit. In yet another alternative, the GPS data is sent to the portable unit 100 which sends the information to the ground station 120 which, in turn, sends the information to the central unit 140. In this embodiment, it is the central unit 140 which processes the GPS data and calculates the physical location of the person 110.
Furthermore, the present invention contemplates a distributed processing scheme in which part of the processing of the information received by the portable unit 100 from the person 110 and/or the satellite 130 is processed, in part, by a combination of the portable unit 100, the ground station 120 and/or the central unit 140.
Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of a portable unit 100 according to the present invention. The portable unit 100 includes a microchip 210, a transceiver 220, a self-recharging battery 230 and at least one sensor 240. The portable unit 100 may optionally include a receiver 250. Furthermore, the microchip 210 includes a processing unit 260 and an information storage device 270.
Although Figure 2 illustrates some parts included on the microchip 210 and some parts coupled to the microchip 210, one of ordinary skill in the art understands, and the present invention contemplates, that different levels of integration may be achieved by integrating any of the coupled parts as illustrated in Figure 2 onto the microchip 210.
The self-recharging battery 230, the at least one sensor 240, the transceiver 220 and, optionally, the receiver 250 are each coupled to the microchip 210. In an embodiment according to the present invention, the at least one sensor 240, the transceiver 220 and, optionally, the receiver 250 are each coupled to the processing unit 260, which, in turn, is coupled to the information storage device. The self-recharging battery 230 powers the microchip 210, including the processing unit 260 and the information storage device 270. The self- recharging battery 230 may also power directly or indirectly the transceiver 220, the at least one sensor 240 and/or, optionally, the receiver 250.
In an embodiment according to the present invention, the transceiver 220 is adapted to be in two-way wireless communication with the ground station 120 and in one-way wireless communication with the satellite 130. The transceiver 220 may be a single antenna or an antenna array, for example.
In another embodiment according to the present invention, the portable unit 100 includes the transceiver 220 and the receiver 250. In this embodiment, the transceiver 220 is in two-way wireless communication with the ground station 120 and the receiver 250 is in one-way wireless communication with the satellite 130. The use of the transceiver 220 and the receiver 250 is advantageous in that the portable unit 100 generally consumes less energy. GPS frequencies tend to be relatively high and sending information over such frequencies by the portable unit 100 via the transceiver 220 can be energy intensive. This embodiment contemplates the receiver 250 being adapted for receiving at high frequencies and the transceiver 220 being adapted for receiving and sending at lower frequencies . The sending of information over lower frequencies by the transceiver 220 results in less energy consumption by the portable unit 100.
The at least one sensor 240 is adapted to monitor acoustic, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical and/or electromagnetic parameters, for example, related to human biological parameters including, for example, temperature, heart rate, blood flow rate, muscular activity, respiratory rate, and/or brain activity of the person being monitored. The conversion of acoustic, thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical and/or electromagnetic parameters into electrical signals, for example, is understood by one of ordinary skill in the art and is not detailed further.
The microchip 210 includes the processing unit 260 and the information storage device 270 in an embodiment according to the present invention. The processing unit 260 may include, for example, a microprocessor, a cache, input terminals and output terminals. The processing unit 260 may include an information storage device which includes an electronic memory which may or may not include the cache of the processing unit 260.
In operation, according to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the receiver 250 receives GPS data from the satellite 130. The GPS data is received by the microchip 210 and, in particular, the processing unit 260. Although the GPS data is continuously received by the receiver 250, the processing unit 260 may periodically or aperiodically (i.e., via manual intervention or as a function of circumstance, for example) receive the GPS data. The GPS data may then be processed in the processing unit 260 which may include determining the physical location of the person 110 being monitored. The GPS data and/or the determined physical > location are stored in the information storage device 270.
The at least one sensor 240 senses biological parameters of the person 110. These biological parameters are converted into electrical signals by the at least one sensor 240 and received by the processing unit 260. The sensing of biological parameters by the at least one sensor 240 may be a periodic or an aperiodic function (i.e., triggered by a request from the processing unit 260 or as a function of circumstance, for example) . The processing unit 260 may process the electrical signals by converting them into information relating to, for example, a measure of temperature, heart rate, blood flow rate, muscular activity, respiratory rate, and/or brain activity. The processing unit 260 stores the processed and/or unprocessed electrical signals in the information storage device 270. The transceiver 220 receives the interrogation signal, for example, from the ground station 120. The transceiver 220 then sends the interrogation signal to the microchip 210, in particular, to the processing unit 260. Upon receiving the interrogation signal the processing unit 260 uploads the information stored in the information storage device onto the transceiver 220. The transceiver then sends the uploaded information to the ground station 120.
In another embodiment according to the present invention, the microchip is activated only when the transceiver 220 receives the interrogation signal from the ground station 120. This embodiment has an advantage in that energy consumption is minimized. Upon receiving the interrogation signal, the processing unit 260 accepts data from the receiver 250 and the at least one sensor 240. The processing unit 260 may accept the data over a time interval to achieve more precise data or to develop a history of data. Such data may be processed and/or stored in the information storage device 270. Upon completion of the processing and/or storing of the data, the information contained in the information storage device is uploaded onto the transceiver 220 and transmitted to the ground station 120. After completing the transmission of the uploaded data via the transceiver 220, the processing unit 260 is no longer active in receiving, processing and/or storing information until the next interrogation signal is received from the ground station.
In another embodiment according to the present invention, the transceiver 220, without the optional receiver 250, is adapted to receive the GPS data from the satellite 130 and the interrogation. signal from the ground station 120. Furthermore, the transceiver 220 transmits information from the processing unit 260 to the ground station. Operation is similar as described above.
The information storage device 270 may also store preset information relating to identification, personal information or special medical information, for example. This information may have been programmed before the coupling of the portable device 100 to the person 110. Alternatively, the information may have been transmitted to the portable device 100 after the portable device 100 was coupled to the person 110. Such information may include the person's name, home address, phone number and/or a listing of relatives to contact in case of emergency. Furthermore, the information permanently stored in the portable device 100 may relate to special medical information such as allergies to medication or that the patient is diabetic or asthmatic, for example. All of this information may be uploaded onto the transceiver 220 and transmitted to the ground station 120. Such information may be of special significance to medical personnel when the person is disoriented or unconscious and unable to communicate.
Figures 3-8 illustrate exemplary embodiments of the self- recharging battery 230 according to the present invention. A self-recharging battery 230 is advantageous in a method and a system for remote monitoring.
Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment of the self-recharging battery 230 according to the present invention. The self- recharging battery 230 includes a photocell 310, a recharging cell 320 and a battery cell 330. The photocell 310 is disposed proximately to a skin surface 340 of the person 110. In the illustrated example, the photocell 310 is just under the skin surface 340. The photocell 310 is coupled to the recharging cell 320. In one embodiment, the recharging cell is a capacitor. The recharging cell 320 is coupled to the battery cell 330. The battery cell 330 is coupled to and powers the microchip 210.
In operation, ambient light 350 (e.g., environmental light, natural light) penetrates the skin surface 340. The ambient light 350 is absorbed by the photocell 310. In response to the ambient light 350 being absorbed by the photocell 310, the photocell 310 generates a potential difference (e.g., a voltage) across the recharging cell 320. The recharging cell 320 stores charge which, in turn, is used to recharge the battery cell 330.
Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of the self-recharging battery 230 according to the present invention. The self- recharging battery 230 includes a transducer 410, the recharging cell 320 and the battery cell 330. In the illustrated example, the transducer 410 is disposed proximately to the skin surface 340. Because of differences in temperature between the body just below the skin surface 340 and the ambient atmosphere 430, a heat flow 420 is generated. In part, the heat flow 420 passes through the transducer 410. The transducer 410 may be, for example, a heat sensitive semiconductor transducer. The heat flow 420 passing through the transducer 410 creates a potential difference between opposite sides of the transducer. The potential difference is provided across the recharging cell 320, the recharging cell 320 storing charge. The stored charge is used to recharge the battery cell 330.
Although Figure 4 illustrates a temperature difference between the skin surface 340 and the ambient atmosphere 430, other temperature differences may be employed. For example, Figure 5 illustrates that the transducer 410 may be placed between a fat layer 520 and a muscle layer 530, or between the fat layer 520 and a skin layer 510. Since each layer 510, 520, 530 has different relative thermal properties, different heat flows can be generated. Accordingly, the effectiveness of the transducer 410 as a recharger is dependent upon the location within the body and upon what materials are employed in creating the heat flow. Figure 6 illustrates that the transducer 410 may be disposed between a first body part 610 and a second body part 620. The transducer 410 employs the heat flow from the first body part 610 to the second body part 620 in charging the recharging cell 320.
Figure 7 illustrates an embodiment of the self-recharging battery 230 according to the present invention. As the schematic indicates, the self-recharging battery 230 includes the battery cell 330, the recharging cell 320, a rectifier 710 and a transducer 720 (e.g., a piezo-electric device). The battery cell 330 is coupled to the recharging cell 320 which, in turn, is coupled to the rectifier 710 which, in turn, is . coupled to the transducer 720 which, in turn, is coupled to a blood vessel 730.
In operation, blood is naturally pulsed through the blood vessel 730 causing the blood vessel 730 to have a cycle of expansion and compression. The expansion and compression of the blood vessel 730 is hereinafter referred to as the pulse. The pulse acts upon the transducer 720. The mechanical pressure provided on the transducer 720 by the pulse causes the transducer 720 to generate an alternating electrical signal . The alternating electrical signal passes through the rectifier 710. The recharging cell 320 uses the rectified electrical signal to store charge which, in turn, is used to recharge the battery cell 330.
Figure 8 illustrates the placement of the transducer 720 in an advantageous location proximate to the skin surface 340 and to a human voice box 810 from which resonates audible sounds (e.g., talking). The transducer 720 (e.g., a microphone) is stimulated either by the vibrations generated by the voice box 810 as indicated via sound waves 830 or by vibrations generated in the ambient atmosphere 430 as indicated by sound waves 820. Thus, via the transducer 720, the self-recharging battery 230 is recharged when the person 110 is talking, for example, or when the person 110 is in a noisy ambient environment .
In the foregoing description, the method and the system of the present invention have been described with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood and expected that variations in the principles of the method and the system herein disclosed may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art and it is intended that such modifications, changes and substitutions are to be included within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims . The specification and the drawings are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative, rather than in a restrictive sense.

Claims

What Is Claimed Is:
1. A system for remotely monitoring a person, comprising: a portable unit including a self-recharging battery, the portable unit being adapted to monitor a biological parameter and a physical location of the person; , a global positioning satellite transmitting global positioning system (GPS) data to the portable unit ; and a central unit disposed remotely from the portable unit, the central unit being in communication with the portable unit via a ground station.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the self-recharging battery includes a photocell, a recharging cell and a battery cell, the photocell being coupled to the recharging cell, the recharging cell being coupled to the battery cell, wherein the photocell is disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of the person, wherein the photocell is adapted to receive ambient light and is adapted to generate a potential difference across the recharging cell in response to receiving the ambient light, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the potential difference, and wherein the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the self-recharging battery includes a transducer, a recharging cell and a battery cell, the transducer being coupled to the recharging cell, the recharging cell being coupled to the battery cell, wherein the transducer is disposed in a region with a substantial temperature gradient, wherein the transducer is adapted to generate a potential difference across the recharging cell in response to heat flow through the transducer, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to. store charge in response to the potential difference, and wherein the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the self-recharging battery includes a transducer, a rectifier, a recharging cell and a battery cell, the transducer being coupled to the rectifier, the rectifier being coupled to the recharging cell, the recharging ceil being coupled to the battery cell, wherein the transducer is coupled to a pulsing blood vessel, wherein the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to the pulsing blood vessel, wherein the rectifier is adapted to rectify, the alternating electrical signal, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal, and wherein the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the self-recharging battery includes a transducer, a rectifier, a recharging cell and a battery cell, the transducer being coupled to the rectifier, the rectifier being coupled to the recharging cell, the recharging cell being coupled to the battery cell, wherein the transducer is disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of the person, wherein the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to acoustic waves generated by an ambient environment, wherein the rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal, and wherein the stored charge recharges the battery cell .
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the self-recharging battery includes a transducer, a rectifier, a recharging cell and a battery cell, the transducer being coupled to the rectifier, the rectifier being coupled to the recharging cell, the recharging cell being coupled to the battery cell, wherein the transducer is coupled to a human voice box, wherein the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to acoustic waves generated by the human voice box, wherein the rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal, and wherein the stored charge recharges the battery cell.
7. A method for remotely monitoring a person, comprising the steps of: adapting a portable unit to be powered by a self-recharging battery, the portable unit providing at least one sensor,- self-recharging the self-recharging battery; receiving, by the portable unit, information relating to a physical location and a biological parameter of the person; and wirelessly communicating the information relating to the physical location and the biological parameter of the person from the portable unit to a central unit via a ground station.
8. A self-recharging battery, comprising: a photocell disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of a person; a recharging cell coupled to the photocell; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell, wherein the photocell is adapted to receive ambient light and is adapted to generate a potential difference across the recharging cell in response to receiving the ambient light, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the potential difference, and wherein the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
9. A self-recharging battery, comprising: a transducer disposed in a region of a person with a substantial temperature gradient; a recharging cell coupled to the transducer; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell, wherein the transducer is adapted to generate a potential difference across the recharging cell in response to heat flow through the transducer, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the potential difference, and wherein the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
10. The self-recharging batter according to claim 9, wherein the transducer is disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of the person, and wherein the substantial temperature gradient is between an ambient environment and a region disposed proximately to and under the skin surface.
11. The self-recharging batter according to claim 9, wherein the transducer is disposed between a skin layer and a fat layer of the person, and wherein the substantial temperature gradient is between the skin layer and the fat layer.
12. The self-recharging batter according to claim 9, wherein the transducer is disposed between a first body part and a second body part of the person, and wherein the substantial temperature gradient is between the first body part and the second body part' .
13. A self-recharging battery, comprising: a transducer coupled to a pulsing blood vessel; a rectifier coupled t o the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell, wherein the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to the pulsing blood vessel, wherein the rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal, and wherein the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
14. A self-recharging battery, comprising: a transducer coupled to a human voice box of a person; a rectifier coupled to the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier; and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell, wherein the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to acoustic waves generated by the human voice box, wherein the rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal, and wherein the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge.
15. A self-recharging battery, comprising: a transducer disposed proximately to and under a skin surface of a person; a rectifier coupled to the transducer; a recharging cell coupled to the rectifier,- and a battery cell coupled to the recharging cell, wherein the transducer is adapted to generate an alternating electrical signal in response to acoustic waves generated_ by an ambient environment, wherein the rectifier is adapted to rectify the alternating electrical signal, wherein the recharging cell is adapted to store charge in response to the rectified electrical signal, and wherein the battery cell is adapted to recharge using the stored charge .
PCT/US2001/021189 2000-06-30 2001-07-02 System and method for remotely monitoring WO2002003347A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002507338A JP2004501735A (en) 2000-06-30 2001-07-02 Remote monitoring system and method
EP01953409A EP1309960A4 (en) 2000-06-30 2001-07-02 System and method for remotely monitoring
CA002410548A CA2410548A1 (en) 2000-06-30 2001-07-02 System and method for remotely monitoring
AU2001275862A AU2001275862A1 (en) 2000-06-30 2001-07-02 System and method for remotely monitoring
MXPA02012347A MXPA02012347A (en) 2000-06-30 2001-07-02 System and method for remotely monitoring.
HK03105289.6A HK1053002A1 (en) 2000-06-30 2003-07-22 System and method for remotely monitoring

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US60809500A 2000-06-30 2000-06-30
US09/608,095 2000-06-30
US24391500P 2000-10-27 2000-10-27
US60/243,915 2000-10-27
US09/813,477 2001-03-21
US09/813,477 US6559620B2 (en) 2001-03-21 2001-03-21 System and method for remote monitoring utilizing a rechargeable battery

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JP (1) JP2004501735A (en)
AU (1) AU2001275862A1 (en)
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EP1309960A1 (en) 2003-05-14
CA2410548A1 (en) 2002-01-10
JP2004501735A (en) 2004-01-22
EP1309960A4 (en) 2004-06-23
AU2001275862A1 (en) 2002-01-14
MXPA02012347A (en) 2004-09-06

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