WO2001097781A1 - Poly[acide alpha-(omega-aminoalkyl) glycolique] charge positivement destine a l'administration d'un agent bioactif par voie tissulaire et par absorption cellulaire - Google Patents

Poly[acide alpha-(omega-aminoalkyl) glycolique] charge positivement destine a l'administration d'un agent bioactif par voie tissulaire et par absorption cellulaire Download PDF

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WO2001097781A1
WO2001097781A1 PCT/US2000/016743 US0016743W WO0197781A1 WO 2001097781 A1 WO2001097781 A1 WO 2001097781A1 US 0016743 W US0016743 W US 0016743W WO 0197781 A1 WO0197781 A1 WO 0197781A1
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poly
polymer
acid
glycolic acid
bioactive agent
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PCT/US2000/016743
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English (en)
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Jong-Sang Park
Min-Hyo Seo
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Expression Genetics, Inc.
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Priority to AU2000256216A priority Critical patent/AU2000256216A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2000/016743 priority patent/WO2001097781A1/fr
Publication of WO2001097781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001097781A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
    • C08G63/6852—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
    • C08G2261/12—Copolymers
    • C08G2261/126—Copolymers block

Definitions

  • This invention relates to delivery of a bioactive agent. More particularly, the invention relates to a composition and method of use thereof for delivering bioactive agents, such as DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, proteins, peptides, and drugs, to an individual in need thereof.
  • bioactive agents such as DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, proteins, peptides, and drugs
  • biodegradable polymers are known and used for controlled release of pharmaceuticals. Such polymers are described in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,291,013; U.S. Patent No. 4,347,234; U.S. Patent No. 4,525,495;
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,219,980 which describes ester bonds with side chains of arnino- methyl or amino-ethyl groups.
  • the products of hydrolysis of such compounds include 4-amino-2-hydroxy butanoic acid and 4-amino-3-hydroxy butanoic acid, which are not precursors for the twenty naturally occurring alpha-amino acids, and are, therefore, not as fully biocompatible as might be desired.
  • the biodegradable polymers polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, and polylactic-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), have been investigated extensively for nanoparticle formulation. These polymers are polyesters that, upon implantation in the body, undergo simple hydrolysis. The products of such hydrolysis are biologically compatible and metabolizable moieties (i.e. lactic acid and glycolic acid), which are eventually removed from the body by the citric acid cycle. Polymer biodegradation products are formed at a very slow rate, hence do not affect normal cell function. Drug release from these polymers occurs by two mechanisms. First, diffusion results in the release of the drug molecules from the implant surface. Second, subsequent release occurs by the cleavage of the polymer backbone, defined as bulk erosion.
  • Nanoparticles are hypothesized to have enhanced interfacial cellular uptake because of their sub-cellular size, achieving in a true sense a "local pharmacological drug effect.” It is also hypothesized that there would be enhanced cellular uptake of drugs in nanoparticles (due to endocytosis) compared to the corresponding free drugs.
  • nanoparticle-entrapped agents have higher cellular uptake and prolonged retention compared to the free drugs.
  • nanoparticle-entrapped drugs have enhanced and sustained concentrations inside cells and hence enhanced therapeutic drug effects in inhibiting proliferative response.
  • nanoparticle-entrapped drugs are protected from metabolic inactivation before reaching the target site, as often happens with upon the systemic administration of free drugs.
  • Nanoparticles have been investigated as drug carrier systems in cancer therapy for tumor localization of therapeutic agents, for intracellular targeting (antiviral or antibacterial agents), for targeting to the reticuloendothelial system (parasitic infections), as an inimunological adjuvant (by oral and subcutaneous routes), for ocular delivery for sustained drug action, and for prolonged systemic drug therapy. 263 Science 1600-1603 (1994).
  • Nanoparticles and microspheres of PLGA are electrostatically repelled by cell membranes, and thus cannot efficiently penetrate cells. Since the early efforts to identify methods for delivery of nucleic acids in tissue culture cells in the mid 1950's, H.E. Alexander et al., 5 Virology 172-173 (1958), steady progress has been made toward improving delivery of functional DNA, RNA, and antisense oligonucleotides in vitro and in vivo. Delivery and expression of nucleic acids is a topic that continues to capture scientific attention.
  • Viral vectors have shown a high transfection efficiency compared to the non-viral vectors, but their use in vivo is severely limited due to several drawbacks, such as targeting only dividing cells, random D ⁇ A insertion, risk of replication, and possible host immune reaction. J.M. Wilson et al., 96 J. Clin. Invest. 2547-2554 (1995).
  • nonviral vectors are easy to make and less likely to produce immune reactions, and there is no replication reaction. Under some conditions transfection efficiencies close to 100% can be obtained in vitro. In general, however, such nonviral vectors have been found to be ineffective for the introduction of genetic material into cells, and exhibit relatively low gene expression in vivo. For example, various cationic amphiphiles have been used for gene transfection. F.D. Ledley, 6 Human Gene Therapy 1129-1144 (1995). Transfection efficiency using cationic lipids, however, is still not as high as with viral vectors, and there have been complaints of cytotoxicity. The biggest disadvantage of cationic lipids is that they are not metabolites of the body and thus are very difficult to remove therefrom.
  • Dendrimers are polyamidoamine cascade polymers wherein the diameter is determined by the number of synthetic steps. Dendrimer-D ⁇ A complexes have been constructed using dendrimers of different size as well as different drug charge ratios (cationic dendrimer to anionic D ⁇ A). These complexes exhibit efficient gene delivery into a variety of cell types in vitro. F.D. Ledley, 6 Human Gene Therapy 1129-1144 (1995).
  • cationic polymers polyethylenimine (PI) and poly-L-lysine (PLL), similarly have high uniform positive charge density, will complex with DNA and other nucleic acids, and will transfer nucleic acids into a variety of cells in vitro. These polymers are capable of condensing plasmid DNA to form complexes with varying sizes and charges that may interact with the membrane of cells by ionic interaction and enter cells by endocytosis. These cationic polymers, however, are not biodegradable.
  • the invention comprises a biodegradable polyester polymer represented by formula I:
  • the invention comprises a biodegradable, amphiphilic polyester block copolymer comprising:
  • a second polymer covalently bonded to the first polymer wherein the second polymer is a member selected from the group consisting of poly(D- lactic acid), poly(L-lactic acid), poly(DL-lactic acid), poly(D-lactide), poly(L- lactide), poly(DL-lactide), polyglycolic acid, polyglycolides, poly(lactic-co- glycolic acids), poly[ ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl) lactic acid] and polycaprolactone; wherein the weight ratio of the first and the second polymer is within a range of 20:80 and 80:20.
  • the invention comprises a biodegradable polyester random copolymer comprising:
  • R, and R 2 are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkaryl of 7 to 20 carbon atoms, carbohydrates and derivatives thereof, polyethylene glycol and peptides ;
  • a second monomer selected from the group consisting of D-lactic acid, L-lactic acid, D-lactide, L-lactide, glycolic acid, glycolide, ⁇ -(4- aminobutyl) lactic acid and caprolactone, wherein the weight ratio of the first and the second monomer is within a range of 20:80 and 80:20.
  • Ri and R 2 in formula I and II are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl with up to 20 carbon atoms, alkaryls with up to 20 carbon atoms, carbohydrates and peptides.
  • alkaryl is meant a moiety having an alkyl chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and having a terminal aryl group.
  • aryl is preferably meant single ring aromatic groups such as phenyl, pyridyl, pyrryl, furyl, thienyl and substituted derivatives thereof with phenyl being most preferred.
  • R, and R 2 in formula I and II are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl with up to 20 carbon atoms, alkaryls with up to 20 carbon atoms, lactose and galactose.
  • R ⁇ and R 2 in formula I and II are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl with up to 20 carbon atoms and alkaryls with up to 20 carbon atoms, the molecular weight of the polymer is within a range of 1500 to 50,000 Daltons, preferably within a range of 3,000 to 30,000 Daltons.
  • R or R 2 in formula I and II additionally contains members selected from the group consisting carbohydrates, polyethylene glycol and peptides, the molecular weight of R ! or R 2 is within a range of 150 to 10,000 Daltons.
  • the invention comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising a bioactive agent electrostatically coupled to a biodegradable polyester polymer as described above.
  • the invention comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising a mixture of a drug and a biodegradable polyester polymer as described above. Particularly preferred is when the bioactive agents is a nucleic acid and most preferably when the nucleic acid is DNA.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an illustrative complex of a nucleic acid and poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an illustrative complex of a nucleic acid and a PEG-grafted-poly[c.-( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] polyester.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an illustrative complex of a nucleic acid and a ligand-PEG-grafted-poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] polyester.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a nanoparticle or microsphere prepared from an amphiphilic block copolymer and drug according to the present invention.
  • drug or “bioactive agent” or any other similar term means any chemical or biological material or compound suitable for administration by the methods previously known in the art and/or by the methods taught in the present invention that induces a desired biological or pharmacological effect, which may include but is not limited to (1) having a prophylactic effect on the organism and preventing an undesired biological effect such as preventing an infection, (2) alleviating a condition caused by a disease, for example, alleviating pain or inflammation caused as a result of disease, and/or (3) either alleviating, reducing, or completely eliminating a disease from the organism.
  • the effect may be local, such as providing for a local anaesthetic effect, or it may be systemic.
  • This invention is not drawn to novel drugs or to new classes of bioactive agents. Rather it is limited to the compositions and methods of delivery of agents that exist in the state of the art or that may later be established as active agents and that are suitable for delivery by the present invention. Such substances include broad classes of compounds normally delivered into the body.
  • antiinfectives such as antibiotics and antiviral agents; analgesics and analgesic combinations; anorexics; antihelminthics; antiarthritics; antiasthmatic agents; anticonvulsants; antidepressants; antidiabetic agents; antidiarrheals; antihistamines; antiinflammatory agents; antimigraine preparations; antinauseants; antineoplastics; antiparkinsonism drugs; antipruritics; antipsychotics; antipyretics; antispasmodics; anticholinergics; sympathomimetics; xanthine derivatives; cardiovascular preparations including potassium and calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, alpha-blockers, and antiarrhythmics; antihypertensives; diuretics and antidiuretics; vasodilators including general coronary, peripheral and cerebral; central nervous system stimulants; vasoconstrictors; cough and cold preparations, including decongestants;
  • antiinfectives such as antibiotics
  • both ionized and nonionized drugs may be delivered, as can drugs of either high or low molecular weight.
  • nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA, and oligonucleotides.
  • effective amount means an amount of a drug or bioactive agent that is nontoxic but sufficient to provide the desired local or systemic effect and performance at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio attending any medical treatment.
  • peptide means peptides of any length and includes proteins.
  • polypeptide and oligopeptide are used herein without any particular intended size limitation, unless a particular size is otherwise stated.
  • Typical of peptides that can be utilized are those selected from group consisting of oxytocin, vasopressin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, epidermal growth factor, prolactin, luliberin or luteinising hormone releasing hormone, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing factor, insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, interferon, gastrin, tetragastrin, pentagastrin, urogastroine, secretin, calcitonin, enkephalins, endorphins, angiotensins, renin, bradykinin, bacitracins, polymixins, colistins, tyrocidin, gramicidines, and synthetic analogues, modifications and pharmacologically active fragments thereof, monoclonal antibodies and soluble vaccines.
  • the only limitation to the peptide or protein drug which may be utilized is one of functionality.
  • a "derivative of a carbohydrate” includes, for example, an acid form of a sugar, e.g. glucuronic acid; an amine of a sugar, e.g. galactosamine; a phosphate of a sugar, e.g. mannose-6-phosphate; and the like.
  • administering and similar terms mean delivering the composition to the individual being treated such that the composition is capable of being circulated systemically to the parts of the body where the composition binds to targeted cells and is taken up by endocytosis.
  • the composition is preferably administered to the individual by systemic administration, typically by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration, or intraperitoneal administration.
  • Injectables for such use can be prepared in conventional forms, either as a liquid solution or suspension or in a solid form suitable for preparation as a solution or suspension in a liquid prior to injection, or as an emulsion.
  • Suitable excipients include, for example, water, saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, and the like; and if desired, minor amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, buffers, and the like can be added.
  • the biodegradable polyester of the present invention, poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ - aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] comprises amine groups on the side chains, which are electrostatically attracted to polyanionic compounds such as nucleic acids.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustrative complex 10 formed by the ionic or electrostatic bonding or attraction of plasmid DNA 12 to poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] 14.
  • Suitable nucleic acids include DNA, RNA, and specific gene or RNA function inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides.
  • the poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ - aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] polyesters of the present invention are highly positively charged, which greatly enhances cellular and tissue uptake in the delivery of genes, drugs, and other bioactive agents.
  • FIG. 2 shows an illustrative complex 16 formed by the electrostatic attraction of plasmid DNA 18 to a polyethylene glycol-grafted-poly[ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] 20.
  • the polyethylene glycol-grafted-poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] is formed by the conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 22 to free amine groups on poly[ - ( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] 24.
  • PEG is an FDA-approved polymer known to inhibit the immunogenicity of molecules to which it is attached.
  • the amine groups on the polymer can also be conjugated to ligands for targeting selected cells and/or tissues.
  • the ligands can be attached directly to the amine groups or can be attached via spacer molecules.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration where a ligand 26 is coupled to a spacer molecule 28 such as a PEG chain, which is in turn coupled to poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] 30.
  • spacer molecule 28 such as a PEG chain
  • poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] 30 Preferably, only a portion of available amine groups are coupled to the ligand or spacer/ligand such that the net charge of the ligand-spacer-poly[ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] 32 is positive.
  • ligand-spacer-poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] 32 to bind electrostatically to plasmid DNA 34, resulting in the formation of a complex 36.
  • a portion of the amino groups of the poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ - aminoalkyl) glycolic acid] can be conjugated to tissue-targeting ligands, which direct the polymer-nucleic acid complex to bind to specific target cells and to penetrate into such cells.
  • the ligands can be sugar moieties coupled to the amino groups.
  • Such sugar moieties are preferably mono- or oligo-saccharides, such as galactose, glucose, fucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, mannose, cellobiose, nytrose, triose, dextrose, trehalose, maltose, galactosamine, glucosamine, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, and gluconic acid. Lactose, galactose and the derivatives thereof are particularly preferred. The conjugation of an acid derivative of a sugar with the polycation is most preferable.
  • lactobionic acid (4-O- ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid) is coupled to poly[ -( ⁇ - aminoalkyl) glycolic acid].
  • the galactosyl unit of lactose provides a convenient targeting molecule toward hepatocyte cells because of the high affinity and avidity of the galactose receptor on these cells.
  • ligands that can be used include transferrin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, asialoorosomucoid, mannose-6-phosphate (monocytes), mannose (macrophage, some B cells), Lewis and sialyl Lewis* (endothelial cells), N-acetyllactosamine (T cells), galactose (colon carcinoma cells), and thrombomodulin (mouse lung endothelial cells), fusogenic agents such as polymixin B and hemaglutinin HA2, lysosomotrophic agents, nucleus localization signals (NLS) such as T-antigen, and the like.
  • EGF epidermal growth factor
  • insulin asialoorosomucoid
  • monocytes mannose-6-phosphate
  • macrophage some B cells
  • Lewis and sialyl Lewis* endothelial cells
  • N-acetyllactosamine T cells
  • galactose colon carcinoma cells
  • An advantage of the present invention is providing a gene carrier wherein the particle size and charge density are easily controlled.
  • the particle size control is crucial for optimization of a gene delivery system because the particle size often governs the transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, and tissue targeting in vivo. F.C. Szoka, 4 Bioconjugate Chem. 372-379 (1993).
  • the size of a gene delivery particle should not exceed the size of a virus to enable its effective penetration in tissue.
  • the particle size can be varied by using different molecular weights of polymers, which in turn determines the particle size of the polymer-nucleic acid complex.
  • the particle sizes will range from about 10 to 100 nm depending on the polymer composition and the mixing ratio of the components. It is known that particles, nanospheres, and microspheres of different sizes accumulate in different organs of the body after intravenous injection depending on the size of the particles injected. For example, particles of less than 50 nm diameter can pass through the fenestrations of the liver endothelium and become localized, perhaps after lymphatic transport, in the spleen, bone marrow, and possibly tumor tissue. Intravenous, intra-arterial, or intraperitoneal injection of particles approximately 0J to 2.0 ⁇ m diameter leads to rapid clearance of particles from the blood stream by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system.
  • the copolymers of the present invention can be used to manufacture dispersions of controlled particle size, which can be organ- targeted in the manner described herein.
  • the presently claimed composition is effective in delivering a selected nucleic acid into hepatocytes by endocytosis mediated by galactosyl receptors on the surface of cells.
  • the nucleic acid transfer to the other cells can be carried out by matching a cell having a selected receptor thereof with a selected sugar.
  • a carbohydrate-conjugated polyester can be prepared from a mannose-pendent copolymer for transfecting macrophage, an N- acetyllactosamine-pendent copolymer for transfecting T cells, and a glucose- pendent copolymer for transfecting colon carcinoma cells.
  • the polyester polymers of the present invention provide a highly positively charged polyester to generate biodegradable and amphiphilic copolymers, namely hydrophilic polycation and hydrophobic polyester block or graft copolymers, where the hydrophilic polycation block is large enough to endow water solubility to the copolymer, and to increase the cellular uptake of drug-loaded polymers.
  • the hydrophilic cation is poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid], and carries a high positive charge to increase the cellular binding and uptake of polymers and drugs.
  • the copolymer can be prepared as di-, tri-, or multi-block or graft copolymer, and more preferably is a diblock or graft copolymer.
  • the hydrophobic polyester is preferably poly(L-lactic acid), poly(D- lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(D- lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(e-acprolactone), polybutyrolactone, and polypropiolactone, and more preferably is poly(L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid).
  • These amphiphilic copolymers are dispersible in water and can therefore be used to manufacture continuous release formulations of drugs without the use of high temperature or extremes of pH, and, for water-soluble drugs such as polypeptides and oligonucleotides, without exposure of the drug to organic solvents during manufacture.
  • Such copolymers can be self-dispersible as synthesized, or copolymers that are not inherently self-dispersible can be rendered so by the processes described herein.
  • the biodegradable amphiphilic copolymers of the present invention are also useful for the manufacture of sustained, continuous release injectable formulations of drugs.
  • the copolymers of the present invention act as very efficient dispersing agents and can be administered by injection to give continuous delivery of lipophilic drugs.
  • the biodegradable amphiphilic copolymer of the invention can be used to manufacture drug formulations that are targetable to particular organs of the human or animal body.
  • the present invention provides a biodegradable, non-toxic, non- iral vector for transferring a selected nucleic acid into cells.
  • the present invention provides an easy and efficient way to construct a diverse and well-defined structure and to functionalize the surface with diverse sugar ligands and fusogenic agents.
  • the present invention provides a positively charged polyester block to increase the cellular binding and uptake of polymers.
  • the polymer of the present invention is directed to overcoming the problems presented by known polymers, as set forth above.
  • a biodegradable polyester of the present invention poly [ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid]
  • 6-amino-2-hydroxy hexanoic acid or 5-amino-2- hydroxy pentanoic acid which are easily converted to lysine and ornithine in the body.
  • the degradation products of the present polyester polymers are metabolites of naturally occurring amino acids.
  • Poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -ammoalky ⁇ )glycolic acid] is biodegradable in the body within a few weeks.
  • the degradation products are small non-toxic molecules that are subject to renal excretion and are inert during the period required for gene expression.
  • Degradation is a simple hydrolytic and/or enzymatic reaction. Enzymatic degradation may be significant in certain organelles, such as lysosomes. The time needed for degradation can vary from days to months depending on the molecular weight and modifications of the polymers. Therefore, this polyester polymer overcomes the limitation of known polycationic polymers as gene carriers.
  • nanoparticles or microspheres can be conjugated with the amino- polyester polymer of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows an illustrative nanoparticle 38 loaded with a drug 40.
  • the matrix of the nanoparticle is composed of a copolymer of PLGA 42 and poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid]
  • the nanoparticle has a hydrophobic interior due to the PLGA, but the surface is positively charged due to the cationic nature of the poly[ ⁇ -( ⁇ -aminoalkyl) glycolic acid].
  • the positively-charged polyester polymer can adhere to negatively-charged cell membrane, while the hydrophobic PLGA is loaded with drug.
  • Example 1 This example illustrates the preparation of poly[ ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl) glycolic acid].
  • Alpha-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-aminobutyl') glycolic acid A solution of NaNO 2 in water (200 ml) was added dropwise during 3 hr to an ice-cooled and stirred solution of N-e-CBZ-L-lysine in 1 N H 2 SO 4 and acetonitrile. The mixture was stirred for an additional 2 hr after the addition of 0-5 °C and left to stand overnight. The resulting clear solution was concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • Polv ⁇ -(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-4-aminobutvD glycolic acid Three g of ⁇ -(N-CBZ-aminobutyl) glycolic acid was placed in a single-neck round bottom flask containing a stir bar and equipped with a vacuum distillation apparatus. The reaction flask was flushed thoroughly with nitrogen and the mixture was heated at 150° C at reduced pressure (5 mmHg). The reaction time was varied from 3 days to 1 week to obtain diverse molecular weights of poly(N-CBZ- ⁇ - (aminobutyl) glycolic acid]. The product was obtained by precipitation with chloroform solution containing a large excess of methanol and characterized by
  • the combined solution was concentrated to a total volume of 5 ml by partial evaporation under reduced pressure.
  • the concentrated solution was then mixed with 1 N HC1 (10 ml) to ensure the complete replacement of the formate salt by hydrochloric acid.
  • the acidic polymer solution was added dropwise into a large excess of acetone, resulting in the precipitation of poly [ ⁇ - (4-aminobutyl) glycolic acid] as a white powder.
  • the molecular weight of the polymers recovered were within a range of 10,000 to 30,000 Daltons.
  • Example 2 poly[ ⁇ -(3-aminopropyl) glycolic acid] was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1 except that N- ⁇ -benzyloxycarbonyl-L- ornithine was substituted for N-e-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine.
  • the molecular weight of the polymers recovered were within a range of 5,000 to 35,000 Daltons.
  • Example 3 poly[ ⁇ -(5-aminopentyl) glycolic acid] was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1 except that ⁇ -(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-5- aminopentyl)-L-glycine was substituted for N-e-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine.
  • the molecular weight of the polymers recovered were within a range of 2,000 to
  • Example 4 poly[ -(6-aminohexyl) glycolic acid] was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1 except that ⁇ -(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-6- aminohexyl)-L-glycine was substituted for N-e-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine.
  • the molecular weight of the polymers recovered were within a range of 2,000 to
  • Example 5 poly[ ⁇ -(7-aminoheptyl) glycolic acid] was prepared according to the procedure of Example 1 except that ⁇ -(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-7- aminoheptyl)-L-glycine was substituted for N-e-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine.
  • the molecular weight of the polymers recovered were within a range of 2,000 to 50,000 Daltons.
  • Example 6 A solution of lactobionic acid (1.33 g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was neutralized with an equimolar amount of triethylamine (0.5 ml) followed by adding isobutyl chlorocarbonate (0.5 ml) at room temperature. After 10 minutes of stirring, the reaction mixture was added into a solution of poly[ ⁇ -(4- aminobutyDglycolic acid] (0.67 g) in dimethylsulfoxide (50 ml) and was then stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature. The reaction product of poly[ ⁇ -(N- lactosyl-4-aminobutyl) glycolic acid] was obtained by filtration and precipitation in diethyl ether. The average molecular weight of the product recovered was about 12,000.
  • Example 7 One g of poly(L-lactic acid) (MW 5,000) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and then a twice molar amount of diaminoethane was added in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to yield amine-terminated poly(L-lactic acid). After 2 hours of stirring at room temperature, the reaction product was obtained by precipitation in methanol.
  • Amine-terminated poly(L-lactic acid) was reacted with an equimolar amount of poly[ ⁇ -(N-benzyloxycarbonyl-4- aminobutyl) glycolic acid] (MW 2900), which was conducted in dimethylformamide at room temperature using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, followed by the removal of benzyloxycarbonyl group by catalytic hydrogenation.
  • the product of this reaction was poly[ ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl) glycolic acid]-poly(L- lactic acid) diblock copolymer.
  • the average molecular weight of the diblock copolymer recovered was about 6600 Daltons. The weight ratio of the two blocks was within a range of 20:80 and 80:20.
  • Example 8 In this example, the procedure of Example 7 is followed except that poly[ ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl) lactic acid] is substituted for poly(L-lactic acid).
  • the product of the reaction is poly[ ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl) glycolic acid]-pdly[ ⁇ -(4- aminobutyl) lactic acid)] diblock copolymer.
  • the average molecular weight of the diblock copolymer recovered was about 6600 Daltons.
  • the weight ratio of the two blocks was within a range of 20:80 and 80:20.
  • Example 9 One g of N-CBZ- ⁇ -(4-aminobuty ⁇ ) glycolic acid and 10 g of L-lactic acid were placed in a single-neck round bottom flask containing a stir bar and equipped with a vacuum distillation apparatus. The reaction flask was flushed thoroughly with nitrogen, and the mixture was heated at 150° C under reduced pressure (5 mmHg). The reaction time was varied from 3 days to 1 week to obtain diverse molecular weights of poly[N-CBZ- ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl) glycolic acid- co-L-lactic acid].
  • the product was obtained by precipitation of chloroform solution in large excess amount of methanol, characterized by GPC using polyestyrene standards, and followed by the removal of benzyloxycarbonyl group by catalytic hydrogenation.
  • the product was poly[ ⁇ -(4-aminobutyl) glycolic acid-co-L-lactic acid] random copolymer.
  • the molecular weight of the copolymers recovered were within a range of 8,000 to 30,000 Daltons.
  • the copolymer contained about 96 mole percent lactic acid and about 4 mole percent of aminobutylglycolic acid.
  • Example 10 In this example there is illustrated the transfection and cytotoxicity testing of poly[c.-(N-lactosyl-4-aminobutyl) glycolic acid]:DNA complex in human liver carcinoma cells (HepG2; ATCC accession no.: HB-8065).
  • In vitro transfection efficiency of the polyester polymer was tested on HepG2 cells grown in MEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. Cells were harvested and counted using a hemacytometer and plated in 96-well plates at a density of 2x10 5 cells/ml.
  • Plasmid pSV- ⁇ -gal is a positive control vector for monitoring transfection efficiencies of mammalian cells.
  • the pSN- ⁇ -gal plasmid contains a SN40 early promoter and enhancer sequence, transcription start sites, E. coli lacZ coding region encoding ⁇ -galactosidase, and SV40 small T antigen polyadenylation signals.
  • SN40 early promoter and enhancer drive the transcription of the lacZ gene.
  • Transfection efficiency was measured by determining the ⁇ -galactosidase enzyme activity in cell ly sates.
  • O ⁇ PG O- nitrophenyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranoside
  • LIPOFECTIN reagent (GIBCO/BRL, Gaithersburg, MD) was used as a control to compare the transfection efficiency.
  • LIPOFECTIN reagent is a 1:1 (w/w) liposome formulation of the cationic lipid N-[l-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n- trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA), and dioleoyl phosphotidylethanolamine (DOPE) in membrane filtered water.
  • DOTMA dioleoyl phosphotidylethanolamine
  • Cytotoxicity of the mixed polymeric micelles to HepG2 cells was determined by the MTT colorimetric assay originally described by T. Mosmann, Rapid Colorimetric Assay for Cellular Growth and Survival: Application to
  • Viability (%) - [OD 570 (sample) / OD 570 (control)] x 100, where the OD 570 (control) represents the measurement from the wells treated with PBS buffer only and the OD 570 (sample) represents the measurement from the wells treated with varying amounts of polymer.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un polymère d'aminoalkylpolyester biodégradable chargé positivement, que l'on utilise pour l'administration d'agents bioactifs, notamment l'ADN, l'ARN et les oligonucléotides. Des fractions bioactives, telles que des médicaments, des ligands etc., peuvent être couplées aux groupes amino libres dudit polymère.
PCT/US2000/016743 2000-06-16 2000-06-16 Poly[acide alpha-(omega-aminoalkyl) glycolique] charge positivement destine a l'administration d'un agent bioactif par voie tissulaire et par absorption cellulaire WO2001097781A1 (fr)

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AU2000256216A AU2000256216A1 (en) 2000-06-16 2000-06-16 Positively charged poly(alpha-(omega-aminoalkyl) glycolic acid) for the delivery of a bioactive agent via tissue and cellular uptake
PCT/US2000/016743 WO2001097781A1 (fr) 2000-06-16 2000-06-16 Poly[acide alpha-(omega-aminoalkyl) glycolique] charge positivement destine a l'administration d'un agent bioactif par voie tissulaire et par absorption cellulaire

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005110438A2 (fr) * 2004-04-15 2005-11-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Methodes et produits associes de liberation intracellulaire de polysaccharides
US7309757B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2007-12-18 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Polymers for the delivery of bioactive agents and methods of their preparation

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999029758A1 (fr) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-17 Samyang Corporation Poly[acide alpha-(omega-aminoalkyl) glycolique] pour le transport d'un agent bioactif par voie tissulaire et penetration cellulaire

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999029758A1 (fr) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-17 Samyang Corporation Poly[acide alpha-(omega-aminoalkyl) glycolique] pour le transport d'un agent bioactif par voie tissulaire et penetration cellulaire

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FRENCH ANDERSON W.: "Human gene therapy", NATURE, vol. 392, April 1998 (1998-04-01), pages 25 - 30, XP002931842 *
KABANOV A.V. ET AL.: "DNA complexes with polycations for the delivery of genetic material into cells", BIOCONJUGATE CHEM., vol. 6, 1995, pages 7 - 20, XP002931841 *
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7309757B2 (en) 2003-06-20 2007-12-18 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Polymers for the delivery of bioactive agents and methods of their preparation
WO2005110438A2 (fr) * 2004-04-15 2005-11-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Methodes et produits associes de liberation intracellulaire de polysaccharides
WO2005110438A3 (fr) * 2004-04-15 2006-05-26 Massachusetts Inst Technology Methodes et produits associes de liberation intracellulaire de polysaccharides

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