WO2001097477A2 - Procede de specification de caracteristiques d'impulsions au moyen de codes - Google Patents

Procede de specification de caracteristiques d'impulsions au moyen de codes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001097477A2
WO2001097477A2 PCT/US2001/018795 US0118795W WO0197477A2 WO 2001097477 A2 WO2001097477 A2 WO 2001097477A2 US 0118795 W US0118795 W US 0118795W WO 0197477 A2 WO0197477 A2 WO 0197477A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulse
value
component
code
characteristic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/018795
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001097477A3 (fr
Inventor
Mark D. Roberts
Marcus H. Pendergrass
James L. Richards
Original Assignee
Time Domain Corporation
Fullerton, Larry, W.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/592,289 external-priority patent/US6636567B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/592,288 external-priority patent/US6636566B1/en
Priority claimed from US09/638,150 external-priority patent/US6959032B1/en
Application filed by Time Domain Corporation, Fullerton, Larry, W. filed Critical Time Domain Corporation
Priority to AU2001269784A priority Critical patent/AU2001269784A1/en
Publication of WO2001097477A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001097477A2/fr
Publication of WO2001097477A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001097477A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/49—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using code conversion at the transmitter; using predistortion; using insertion of idle bits for obtaining a desired frequency spectrum; using three or more amplitude levels ; Baseband coding techniques specific to data transmission systems
    • H04L25/4902—Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/717—Pulse-related aspects
    • H04B1/7172—Pulse shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/717—Pulse-related aspects
    • H04B1/7174—Pulse generation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/7163—Spread spectrum techniques using impulse radio
    • H04B1/7176—Data mapping, e.g. modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B2001/6908—Spread spectrum techniques using time hopping

Definitions

  • a coding method for a pulse transmission system specifies temporal and/or non-temporal pulse characteristics of pulses transmitted and received by an impulse transmission system.
  • a code specifies characteristics of pulses according to at least one characteristic value layout that may include one or more non- allowable regions.
  • Predefined criteria may pertain to code length, hi one embodiment of the invention, predefined criteria may require a code to have a length that is not less than some minimum length and/or greater than some maximum length.
  • Figure 2o illustrates an exemplary value range layout including exemplary multiple different-size components and exemplary different-size sub-components are combined with exemplary smaller components of different sizes
  • Figure 3a illustrates an exemplary pulse time position value range layout of four exemplary components subdivided into nine exemplary sub-components
  • Figure 6 illustrates a temporal pulse characteristic value range layout including a pulse and a preceding and succeeding pulse relative to the pulse and having multiple non-allowable regions
  • Figure 7 illustrates a non-temporal pulse characteristic value range layout including characteristic values of two other pulses and having multiple non-allowable regions
  • Figure 13b is an exemplary diagram of an additive Lagged-Fibonacci shift register pseudorandom number generator.
  • Figure 14 depicts generation of a family of quadratic congruential codes comprising 6 channels, mapping of the 5 th channel code to a time layout, and the code wrapping effect that occurs due to the code repeating over time.
  • Figure 15 illustrates autocorrelation properties of the 5 channel code of Figure 14.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary value range layout which can represent a temporal, non-temporal, or combination of the two, pulse characteristic such as, e.g., timing of a pulse, and amplitude.
  • Figure 1 includes a value range layout 102.
  • the pulse can take on characteristic values between a minimum value v 0 110 and a maximum value v max 112 in layout 102.
  • Layout 102 as shown, can be subdivided into components 104.
  • Components 104 can in turn be divided into sub-components 106.
  • Sub-components 106 can in turn be divided into smaller components 108. Smaller components 108 can then be divided into even smaller components, as shown. The process of subdividing components can be repeated, ad infinitum, so that smaller and smaller components can be obtained.
  • Each component 206 and sub-component 212 has a minimum time value 306 and a maximum time value 308 specifying a range of time as shown with the enlargement of the fifth sub-component 212 of the second component 206 which has a minimum time value 306 of t mm (2,5) and a maximum time value 308 of t max (2,5).
  • a pulse 310 can be positioned at any time value within the value range 202 specified by the component 206, sub-component 212, or smaller component.
  • Figure 5d depicts a diagram 522 illustrating an exemplary embodiment of the invention including a non-inverted pulse 524a and an inverted pulse 524b.
  • Pulse 524a and inverted pulse 524b have the same magnitude but are the inverse in polarity of one another.
  • Figure 5e illustratively depicts exemplary embodiments of the invention including various exemplary different pulse types 526, 528, 530, 532, 534, 536, 538 and 540.
  • Each exemplary pulse type 526-540 has a different pulse wavelet shape, or includes a combination of pulse wavelet shapes.
  • pulse type 526 illustrates an exemplary square wave pulse.
  • Pulse type 528 depicts an exemplary sawtooth pulse.
  • Figure lie depicts diagram 1112 illustrating non-fractional portions 11101- 111 Oo of each floating-point code element value of the code 1104c mapping a pulse characteristic to components (including the first two components labeled 204, 206) within an amplitude value range layout of 314-316.
  • Diagram 1112 also includes fractional portions 11061-1106o of each floating-point code element specifying the fractional difference between the minimum and maximum amplitude values of each mapped component 204, 206 used to determine the exact amplitude value for a pulse 3181-318o.
  • a family of codes to be used by a frame-based pulse transmission system that transmits at most one pulse per one-hundred nanosecond (100 ns) frame must meet the following eight acceptance criteria to accommodate radio application requirements: 1.
  • the code family must have at least ten members.
  • Peak spectral density between 1 MHz and 3 GHz frequencies must be less than 50 microwatts per hertz ( ⁇ W/Hz). 8. Pulses cannot reside within the last ten percent ( 10%) of frames .
  • a final acceptance "test” could also be conducted to determine the channelization quality of TM-UWB radios employing the selected codes. Twelve radios using the selected codes could be simultaneously operated within a test environment that closely emulates the expected operational environment. Acceptance criteria used for the test might include a minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), minimum bit error rate (BER), etc. Based on test results, the ability of the codes to meet the channelization requirements of the radio application could be determined.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • BER minimum bit error rate
  • characteristics of pulses within a pulse train used by an impulse transmission system are specified by generating one or more codes having one or more code element values.
  • code element values For example, as explained above, floating point code elements may be used to specify both pulse amplitude and pulse width.
  • integer code elements can specify multiple pulse characteristics using a bit grouping approach as described above.
  • each code element value could have at least two value components that are associated with one or more pulse characteristics.
  • value components can include two or more value sub-components, which can include further subdivisions to smaller components.
  • At least one fixed or non-fixed temporal and/or non-temporal value range and/or discrete value layout is specified, which may include one or more non-allowable regions.
  • the layout approaches specified above allow code element value components to specify value ranges and/or discrete values of pulse characteristics.
  • value ranges can have the same or different sizes, and discrete values may be evenly distributed or not.
  • an established offset value can be used to specify the precise pulse characteristic value within the value range component to which a code element is mapped.
  • An absolute offset value may be specified defining a fixed value from the minimum value of a component to which a code element is mapped.
  • a relative offset value can be specified defining a fraction of the difference between the minimum and maximum value of a component to which a code element is mapped.
  • the relative offset value can be specified using the fractional part of a floating-point component value.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de codage spécifiant des caractéristiques d'impulsions d'un train d'impulsions comprenant, mais ne se limitant pas à, une position temporelle, une polarité, une amplitude, une largeur et un type. Les caractéristiques d'impulsions sont spécifiées, par exemple, par la mise en correspondance d'éléments de code avec des dispositions d'échelle de valeurs. Un élément de code, nombre entier à valeur en point flottant, spécifie au moins deux caractéristiques d'une impulsion. L'invention traite de plusieurs approches. Une disposition d'échelle de valeurs est subdivisée en composants, sous-composants de composants, chaque sous-composant étant un sous-composant du composant, ou un plus petit composant du sous-composant (voire un plus petit composant du petit composant, et ainsi de suite). L'invention concerne des procédés permettant de définir des régions non admissibles à l'intérieur de dispositions d'échelle de valeurs à prendre en compte lors de la création d'un code. Plusieurs approches traitent de dispositions de valeurs caractéristiques spécifiant des valeurs fixes, et de dispositions de valeurs caractéristiques spécifiant des valeurs non fixes, en tenant compte des différences entre les caractéristiques d'impulsions temporelles et non temporelles. Le procédé nécessite des codes pour répondre à des critères prédéfinis. Ces derniers permettent de limiter le nombre de valeurs caractéristiques d'impulsions à l'intérieur d'une région non admissible. Ils s'appuient sur des caractéristiques de valeurs d'impulsions relatives. Ils se rapportent également à des propriétés spectrales et à des propriétés de corrélation. En outre, ils peuvent éventuellement se rapporter à une longueur de code et au nombre d'éléments d'une famille de codes. Les caractéristiques de train d'impulsions peuvent éventuellement se rapporter à un sous-ensemble du train d'impulsions.
PCT/US2001/018795 2000-06-12 2001-06-12 Procede de specification de caracteristiques d'impulsions au moyen de codes WO2001097477A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001269784A AU2001269784A1 (en) 2000-06-12 2001-06-12 Method for specifying pulse characteristics using codes

Applications Claiming Priority (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59224900A 2000-06-12 2000-06-12
US59224800A 2000-06-12 2000-06-12
US59229000A 2000-06-12 2000-06-12
US09/592,290 2000-06-12
US09/592,248 2000-06-12
US09/592,288 2000-06-12
US09/592,289 2000-06-12
US09/592,249 2000-06-12
US09/592,289 US6636567B1 (en) 2000-06-12 2000-06-12 Method of specifying non-allowable pulse characteristics
US09/592,288 US6636566B1 (en) 2000-06-12 2000-06-12 Method and apparatus for specifying pulse characteristics using a code that satisfies predefined criteria
US63787800A 2000-08-15 2000-08-15
US63815200A 2000-08-15 2000-08-15
US63815400A 2000-08-15 2000-08-15
US63815300A 2000-08-15 2000-08-15
US09/637,878 2000-08-15
US09/638,153 2000-08-15
US09/638,150 2000-08-15
US09/638,152 2000-08-15
US09/638,150 US6959032B1 (en) 2000-06-12 2000-08-15 Method and apparatus for positioning pulses in time
US09/638,154 2000-08-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001097477A2 true WO2001097477A2 (fr) 2001-12-20
WO2001097477A3 WO2001097477A3 (fr) 2002-04-18

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1330031A1 (fr) * 2002-01-21 2003-07-23 Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. Génération d'un séquence de trains d'impulsions
US7944978B2 (en) 2007-10-29 2011-05-17 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. High bandwidth data transport system
US7961705B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2011-06-14 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. High bandwidth data transport system
US7983349B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2011-07-19 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. High bandwidth data transport system
US8085813B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2011-12-27 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Method for routing data packets using an IP address based on geo position
US8766773B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2014-07-01 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Ultra wideband radio frequency identification system, method, and apparatus
US9710497B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2017-07-18 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Method of transmitting data including a structured linear database
US9714278B2 (en) 2012-02-22 2017-07-25 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Use of ICOS-based CARs to enhance antitumor activity and CAR persistence
US9900734B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2018-02-20 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Method for routing data packets using an IP address based on geo position

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5610907A (en) * 1994-07-29 1997-03-11 Barrett; Terence W. Ultrafast time hopping CDMA-RF communications: code-as-carrier, multichannel operation, high data rate operation and data rate on demand
US5687169A (en) * 1995-04-27 1997-11-11 Time Domain Systems, Inc. Full duplex ultrawide-band communication system and method

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5610907A (en) * 1994-07-29 1997-03-11 Barrett; Terence W. Ultrafast time hopping CDMA-RF communications: code-as-carrier, multichannel operation, high data rate operation and data rate on demand
US5687169A (en) * 1995-04-27 1997-11-11 Time Domain Systems, Inc. Full duplex ultrawide-band communication system and method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
WIN M Z ET AL: "ULTRA-WIDE BANDWIDTH TIME-HOPPING SPREAD-SPECTRUM IMPULSE RADIO FORWIRELESS MULTIPLE-ACCESS COMMUNICATIONS" IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 48, no. 4, April 2000 (2000-04), pages 679-691, XP000932191 ISSN: 0090-6778 *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9900734B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2018-02-20 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Method for routing data packets using an IP address based on geo position
US8085813B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2011-12-27 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Method for routing data packets using an IP address based on geo position
US9710497B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2017-07-18 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Method of transmitting data including a structured linear database
US9119143B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2015-08-25 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Method for routing data packets using an IP address based on geo position
US8681789B2 (en) 1999-10-28 2014-03-25 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Method for routing data packets using an IP address based on geo position
US8766773B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2014-07-01 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. Ultra wideband radio frequency identification system, method, and apparatus
US7983349B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2011-07-19 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. High bandwidth data transport system
US7209521B2 (en) 2002-01-21 2007-04-24 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Generation of a sequence of pulse trains
EP1330031A1 (fr) * 2002-01-21 2003-07-23 Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. Génération d'un séquence de trains d'impulsions
US7961705B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2011-06-14 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. High bandwidth data transport system
US8451879B2 (en) 2007-10-29 2013-05-28 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. High bandwidth data transport system
US8345778B2 (en) 2007-10-29 2013-01-01 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. High bandwidth data transport system
US7944978B2 (en) 2007-10-29 2011-05-17 Lightwaves Systems, Inc. High bandwidth data transport system
US9714278B2 (en) 2012-02-22 2017-07-25 The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania Use of ICOS-based CARs to enhance antitumor activity and CAR persistence

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Publication number Publication date
AU2001269784A1 (en) 2001-12-24
WO2001097477A3 (fr) 2002-04-18

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