WO2001095434A1 - Antenne cavite a fente plate utilisant un substrat a bande interdite photonique compact monoplan - Google Patents

Antenne cavite a fente plate utilisant un substrat a bande interdite photonique compact monoplan Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001095434A1
WO2001095434A1 PCT/US2001/017872 US0117872W WO0195434A1 WO 2001095434 A1 WO2001095434 A1 WO 2001095434A1 US 0117872 W US0117872 W US 0117872W WO 0195434 A1 WO0195434 A1 WO 0195434A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavity
substrate
pbg
slot
slot antenna
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/017872
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tatsuo Itoh
Yongxi Qian
Fei-Ran Yang
Original Assignee
The Regents Of The University Of California
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Regents Of The University Of California filed Critical The Regents Of The University Of California
Priority to AU2001275157A priority Critical patent/AU2001275157A1/en
Publication of WO2001095434A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001095434A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cavity-backed slot antennas, and particularly to low-profile cavity-backed slot antennas using a uniplanar compact photonic band-gap substrate.
  • Cavity-backed slot (CBS) antennas have been extensively investigated for applications to airborne and satellite communications, because they satisfy the requirements of flush mounting, low cost and light weight.
  • the cavity height is usually designed to be one-quarter wavelength or three-quarters of a wavelength at the resonator frequency in order not to destroy impedance matching, since the backing conductor is transformed to an open circuit in shunt with the slot.
  • the cavity volume can be reduced through dielectric loading, but the bandwidth and efficiency will also be reduced.
  • Applications of photonic band-gap (PBG) materials to antennas have been presented for leakage modes suppression.
  • Recently proposed uniplanar compact PBG (UC-PBG) structures exhibit a distinctive stopband and have been exploited to reduce surface wave of patch antennas.
  • FIGS. 1A and IB illustrate respectively an exploded schematic and cross section of a typical CBS antenna of the present invention using the UC-PBG substrate as a high- impedance reflector;
  • the present invention demonstrates a new type of CBS antenna 100 with a very thin cavity thickness, defined by the UC-PBG substrate 102 and any spacing layer (or the height of the slot 104 from the ground plane 110), such as the dielectric sheet 112.
  • the UC-PBG substrate 102 is a dielectric substrate, grounded by the ground plane 110, loaded with a periodic metallic pattern (not shown), and serves as a reflector in the slot 104.
  • This thin substrate 102 behaves like an open circuit boundary at a resonant frequency, and therefore good impedance matching condition of the microstrip-fed slot 104 is maintained.
  • the thickness of the low-profile cavity, height of the slot 104 from the ground plane 110 is 35 mil ( ⁇ 0 /28), which is much smaller than that of a reference antenna using an empty metal cavity with a thickness of 246 mil ( ⁇ 0 /4).
  • An example antenna 100 is designed to operate at 12 GHz and the measured radiation patterns shows a front-to-back ratio of 15 dB, as well as low cross polarization levels.
  • the structure described is used to avoid perturbation of the microstrip 106 mode by the slot 104.
  • the UC-PBG substrate 102 is maintained proximate to the cavity substrate 108.
  • a dielectric sheet 112 is inserted between the slot 104 and the UC-PBG substrate 102, i.e., the high-impedance reflector, as a spacing layer.
  • the slot 104 length and the distance between the microstrip 106 open end and the slot 104 center was initially designed as half- and quarter-wavelength, respectively, for the stand-alone slot antenna (comprising only the cavity substrate 108 with the slot 104 and the feeding microstrip 106) without considering the presence of the UC-PBG substrate 102.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate detailed dimensions of an example CBS antenna 100 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates detailed dimensions of the slot 104 and microstrip 106 for the example CBS antenna 100 of the present invention.
  • the microstrip 106 on the top surface of the cavity substrate 108 has a width, w m , and the slot 104 length and width are l s and whan respectively.
  • the cavity substrate 108 has overall dimensions of b 1 and b 2 and the slot 104 is offset from an edge of the cavity substrate 108 by a dimension, d. Beneath the cavity substrate 108, a cell 114 of the pattern 116 on the UC-PBG substrate 102 has a dimension, a.
  • 3A and 3B illustrate respectively details of the UC-PBG substrate 102 and detailed dimensions of the cell pattern 116 for the example CBS antenna 100 of the present invention.
  • the UC-PBG substrate 102 includes a two-dimensional metallic pattern 116 periodically etched on the surface of a grounded dielectric slab. Previous works show that there exists a complete stopband from 11 GHz to 14 GHz, meaning that no surface-wave or slab mode can be excited in that frequency range.
  • the detail dimensions of the UC-PBG substrate 102 can be found in the publications: K. Ma, K. Hirose, F. Yang, Y. Qian and T. Itoh, "Realization of magnetic conducting surface using novel photonic bandgap structure," Electronics Lett., vol. 34, pp.
  • UC-PBG Uniplanar Compact Photonic Band-Gap
  • the present invention utilizes another unique property of the UC-PBG substrate 102 (beyond the distinctive stopband), which is the realization of an equivalent open- circuit boundary at the resonant frequency.
  • the necessity of using a quarter-wavelength thick cavity is avoided by applying the periodic metallic pattern 116 loaded on a dielectric substrate 102 with a ground plane 108.
  • Each cell 114 of this periodic pattern 116 provides inductances in shunt with capacitances.
  • the combination of periodic loading and a shorted slab forms an LC tank, which behaves as an open circuit at a resonant frequency.
  • the dimensions, a, n> p , ⁇ v lb s, l p and l d define the example pattern 116 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the square pads have a side dimension, , and the capacitive gaps have a dimension, J", and the inductive lines have a length, l ⁇ .
  • a finite- difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to design and analyze the proposed CBS antenna 100, which is then fabricated and measured to verify its usefulness.
  • FDTD finite- difference time-domain
  • the slot 104 and the 90 mil wide microstrip 106 feedline were built on an RT/Duroid 5870 TM cavity substrate 108 with dielectric constant of 2.33 and thickness of 31 mil.
  • the spacing layer is a bare dielectric sheet 112 with dielectric constant of 2.33 and thickness of 10 mil.
  • the UC-PBG substrate 102 used as the high impedance reflector, was fabricated on an RT/Duroid 6010 TM substrate with dielectric constant of 10J and thickness of 25 mil.
  • the reflection coefficient of the plane wave incident on the periodically loaded substrate shows a 180 degree phase difference compared to that of the plane wave incident on a metal sheet, indicating that an open-circuit boundary has been realized.
  • This phenomenon can be expected since the periodic metallic pattern 116 together with the grounded substrate 102 form a distributed LC circuit and the input impedance is infinite at the resonant frequency.
  • Full-wave analysis also shows that there exists a complete stopband centering around the resonant frequency, where surface waves and slab modes cannot propagate.
  • the periodically loaded substrate 102 can be used as a high-impedance reflector in a CBS antenna 100 to provide uni-directional radiation patterns and to maintain good impedance matching at the same time.
  • the front-to- back ratio is 15 dB for the E-plane and 18 dB for the H-plane patterns.
  • the cross- polarization level is 12 dB to 15 dB below the co-polarization level for both planes.
  • the pattern distortion observed in the E-plane comes from the existence of the microstrip 106 feed line and this problem can be alleviated using other feeding structures such as a coaxial line.
  • the measured gain of this novel CBS antenna 100 is approximately 2.5 dB.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the radiation patterns of a reference CBS antenna.
  • the reference CBS antenna has been built using an empty metal cavity with the height equal to a quarter free-space wavelength (246mil).
  • the comparison between the CBS antenna 100 of the present invention and the reference CBS antenna reveals that the CBS antenna 100 using the UC-PBG substrate 102 as a high-impedance reflector not only achieves the low-profile design but also provides good radiation patterns.
  • the problem of surface wave or slab mode excitation on the high-impedance reflector CBS antenna 100 of the present invention does not exist since the periodic structure 116 of the UC-PBG substrate 102 creates a complete stopband at the resonant frequency.
  • the fabrication process requires only planar etching technique, which is very cost-effective.
  • the dimensions of the high-impedance reflector 102 can be scaled to any other frequencies in order to match antenna resonant frequencies.
  • the bandwidth of the CBS antenna 100 itself can be increased by optimizing the slot 104 width. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the high-impedance reflector 102 can be enlarged by inserting more layers of periodic loading.
  • the slot 104 height from the ground plane 110 is much smaller ⁇ 0 /28 (35mil) compared to a conventional slot antenna backed by a metallic cavity with thickness of ⁇ 0 /4 (246mil). Front-to-back ratio of 15dB and low cross-polarization level have been measured. Measured results of the novel CBS antenna 100 do not show degradation in the radiation performances compared to the reference antenna.
  • the proposed CBS antenna 100 is very easy to fabricate due to its planar feature and can be readily applied to CBS arrays, which are often used for satellite communications. This concept of using a UC-PBG substrate 102 as a backing cavity or reflecting plane can be extended to find more applications, such as CBS arrays, phased-array systems, and loop antennas. In addition, many equivalent structures affording low profile cavities by using

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne cavité à fente plate comprenant un substrat à cavité muni d'une fente dotée d'une fréquence de résonance ainsi qu'un substrat à bande interdite photonique compact monoplan situé au voisinage du substrat à cavité et comportant un motif métallique périodique bidimensionnel sur une plaque diélectrique et un plan de sol, le substrat à bande interdite photonique agissant sensiblement comme limite ouverte à la fréquence de résonance de la fente. Malgré sa hauteur réduite, cette antenne à fente présente une efficacité élevée.
PCT/US2001/017872 2000-06-02 2001-06-01 Antenne cavite a fente plate utilisant un substrat a bande interdite photonique compact monoplan WO2001095434A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001275157A AU2001275157A1 (en) 2000-06-02 2001-06-01 Low-profile cavity-backed slot antenna using a uniplanar compact photonic band-gap substrate

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20915600P 2000-06-02 2000-06-02
US60/209,156 2000-06-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001095434A1 true WO2001095434A1 (fr) 2001-12-13

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2845828A1 (fr) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-16 Thomson Licensing Sa Procede de realisation d'une structure a bandes interdites photoniques(bip) sur un dispositif micro-ondes et antennes du type fente utilisant une telle structure
WO2004036689A1 (fr) * 2002-10-16 2004-04-29 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenne a fente ou ouverture a profil bas utilisant une surface selective de frequence alimentee par l'arriere
GB2409773A (en) * 2002-10-16 2005-07-06 Hrl Lab Llc Low profile slot or aperture antenna using backside fed frequency selective surface
IT202100002273A1 (it) * 2021-02-03 2022-08-03 Free Space SRL Antenna a slot con cavità compatta ed a banda larga.

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
COCCIOLI R ET AL: "APERTURE-COUPLED PATCH ANTENNA ON UC-PBG SUBSTRATE", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 47, no. 11, November 1999 (1999-11-01), pages 2123 - 2130, XP000865110, ISSN: 0018-9480 *
MOYER H P ET AL: "ACTIVE CAVITY-BACKED SLOT ANTENNA USING MESFET'S", IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS, IEEE INC, NEW YORK, US, vol. 3, no. 4, 1 April 1993 (1993-04-01), pages 95 - 97, XP000358562, ISSN: 1051-8207 *
SHAHROKH HASHEMI-YEGANEH ET AL: "THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CAVITY-BACKED SLOT ANTENNA EXCITED BY A NARROW STRIP", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 41, no. 2, 1 February 1993 (1993-02-01), pages 236 - 241, XP000303633, ISSN: 0018-926X *
SHUMPERT J D ET AL: "PARALLEL-PLATE MODE REDUCTION IN CONDUCTOR-BACKED SLOTS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC BANDGAP SUBSTRATES", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, IEEE INC. NEW YORK, US, vol. 47, no. 11, November 1999 (1999-11-01), pages 2099 - 2103, XP000865107, ISSN: 0018-9480 *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2845828A1 (fr) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-16 Thomson Licensing Sa Procede de realisation d'une structure a bandes interdites photoniques(bip) sur un dispositif micro-ondes et antennes du type fente utilisant une telle structure
WO2004034502A2 (fr) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-22 Thomson Licensing S.A. Antenne du type fente utilisant une structure a bandes interdites photoniques
WO2004034502A3 (fr) * 2002-10-11 2004-07-08 Thomson Licensing Sa Antenne du type fente utilisant une structure a bandes interdites photoniques
US7355554B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2008-04-08 Thomson Licensing Method of producing a photonic bandgap structure on a microwave device and slot type antennas employing such a structure
KR101144681B1 (ko) * 2002-10-11 2012-05-25 톰슨 라이센싱 포토닉 밴드갭 구조를 이용하는 슬롯형 안테나
WO2004036689A1 (fr) * 2002-10-16 2004-04-29 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Antenne a fente ou ouverture a profil bas utilisant une surface selective de frequence alimentee par l'arriere
GB2409773A (en) * 2002-10-16 2005-07-06 Hrl Lab Llc Low profile slot or aperture antenna using backside fed frequency selective surface
US6952190B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-10-04 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Low profile slot antenna using backside fed frequency selective surface
GB2409773B (en) * 2002-10-16 2007-04-18 Hrl Lab Llc Low profile antenna using backside fed frequency selective surface
IT202100002273A1 (it) * 2021-02-03 2022-08-03 Free Space SRL Antenna a slot con cavità compatta ed a banda larga.

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