WO2001093665A1 - Champignons destines a ameliorer l'apparence et la qualite du bois et de la pate de bois - Google Patents

Champignons destines a ameliorer l'apparence et la qualite du bois et de la pate de bois Download PDF

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WO2001093665A1
WO2001093665A1 PCT/NZ2001/000102 NZ0100102W WO0193665A1 WO 2001093665 A1 WO2001093665 A1 WO 2001093665A1 NZ 0100102 W NZ0100102 W NZ 0100102W WO 0193665 A1 WO0193665 A1 WO 0193665A1
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wood
ophiostoma
floccosum
fungi
opc
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PCT/NZ2001/000102
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Roberta Lee Farrell
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University Of Waikato
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H15/00—Fungi; Lichens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/145—Fungal isolates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
    • B27K2240/20—Removing fungi, molds or insects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/002—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process employing compositions comprising microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of certain fungi in the enhancement of wood quality. More particularly, but not exclusively, it relates to the use of particular fungi strams of Ophiosotoma floccosum, Ophiostoma piceae or Ophiostoma pluruanulatum, or mixtures of strams, to elicit a useful effect on wood or wood products derived therefrom in or on a substrate or locum e.g.
  • biocontrol including biocontrol; the prevention of staining of cellulosic materials from detrimental strains or other detrimental effects from detrimental strains, or for the reduction of pitch components and/or their detrimental effects; the production of positive effects achieved from the strains in regard to solid wood with uptake of liquid materials including but not limited to glue, preservative, varnish, paint; improvement in mechanical or chemical pulping as achieved by increased efficiency of cooking liquor (with concomitant lower kappa number value achieved for the equivalent cooking liquor or less cooking liquor required for the same kappa number achieved without use of strains); and increased steam penetration efficiency.
  • the kappa value is an indication of the amount of bleaching chemical required to remove the residual lignin.
  • Wood is a complex material composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and wood extractives or a resinous material commonly called pitch.
  • "Resin” or “pitch” includes that complex mixture of hydrophobic substances in wood, which are soluble in neutral organic solvents such as methylene chloride, diethyl ether, benzyl alcohol and the like. These include the terpenes, the diterpene (“resin”) acids, fatty acids and esters, glycerides and waxes as well as alcohols, hydrocarbons and other compounds associated therewith.
  • Another problem in the timber industry derives from staining.
  • trees When trees are cut down they commonly become infected by any one or more of a variety of fungi which can stain the wood in any one or more of a variety of colours.
  • a maj or problem in the industry today involves loss of value in timber products, and any products derived therefrom due to the unsightly staining caused by so-called blue stain fungi which can colour the wood a variety of colours including gray, dark blue and black, such staining appearing in the wood even though the outer surfaces or regions of the wood have been cut away in forming the lumber.
  • Ophiostoma piliferum is a saprophytic Ascomycete found throughout the world, and commonly referred to as one of the sapstain fungi.
  • Sapstain fungi grow mainly in wood in the ray parenchyma cells, within resin canals, within tracheids and fibre cells and penetrate simple and bordered pits; occasionally forming bore holes through wood cell walls. Sapstain fungi are not capable of degrading cellulose or lignin, but metabolise resin extractives, starch and simple sugars. Sapstain fungi cause a characteristic stain of sapwood resulting in a blue, black, grey or brown discolouration of the wood, and is responsible for major economic losses in the timber and some pulping industries.
  • Ophiostoma albino species especially albino or very slightly pigmented in their hyphae; even if slightly pigmented in other fungal bodies provide improved results in biocontrol of sapstain and reduction of pitch.
  • These species have shown to provide an improved result over that of Cartapip®97 on radiata pine.
  • Cartapip®97 has proved to be somewhat but not fully effective to reduce stain to the desired industry target of ⁇ 10% stain in 3 months.
  • mixtures of more than one albino fungus have also been effective in increasing brightness of wood, and/or brightness increase in chemical pulp resulting from albino treatment of wood, and/or improved pulping efficiency such that lower kappa numbers were achieved with treatment of the wood with the albino strains.
  • an inoculum for wood comprising or including one or more (preferably biologically pure) forms of a fungal culture of the species Ophiostoma floccosum, and/or Ophiostoma piceae and/or Ophiosotoma pluruanulatum effective to reduce the amount of colour staining caused by wood staining fungi.
  • said fungal culture is selected from the following strains:
  • the wood source may be wood chips and the fungus or fungi may be applied by spraying the wood chips.
  • the wood source may be logs to be cut into structural wood, and inoculation includes inoculating at least one end of the logs, and preferably all around the logs' surfaces, hi a further alternative embodiment the wood source may be structural wood and inoculation includes inoculating at least 60% of the surface area of the structural wood.
  • the wood source may be structural wood and inoculation includes inoculating at least 60% of the surface area of the structural wood, which may then be later made into chips or a subsequent fibre product.
  • the wood to be inoculated may be a conifer such as but not limited to Radiata pine, Douglas fir or Loblolly pine, and it may also be a hardwood including but not limited to eucalyptus, oak, poplar, or aspen.
  • a biologically pure culture of a strain of Ophiostoma floccosum having all of the identifying characteristics of one of the fungi of strains F40, F13, F71, F80 and F93.
  • a biologically pure culture of a strain of Ophiostoma piceae having all of the identifying characteristics of one of the fungi of strains OPC 703, OPC 422, OPC 580 and OPC 194.
  • a biologically pure culture of a strain of Ophiostoma pluruanulatum having all of the identifying characteristics of one of the fungi of strains 3410, 7073, 5040 and 4650.
  • a method of reducing the amount of colour staining caused by wood staining fungi in and/or on a wood source which comprises or includes inoculating at least a portion of the wood source with an effective amount of at least one fungus selected from the group consisting of the species Ophiosotoma floccosum,
  • Ophiosotoma piceae and Ophiostoma pluruanulatum which is capable of reducing the amount of colour staining caused by the wood staining fungi.
  • said fungi may be selected from the following strains:
  • the wood source may be wood chips and the fungus or fungi may be applied by spraying the wood chips.
  • the wood source may be logs to be cut into structural wood, and inoculation includes inoculating at least one end of the logs, and preferably all around the logs' surfaces.
  • the wood source may be structural wood and inoculation includes inoculating at least 60% of the surface area of the structural wood.
  • the wood source may derive from a conifer such as but not limited to, Radiata pine, Douglas fir or Loblolly pine and it may also be a hardwood including but not limited to eucalyptus, oak, poplar, or aspen.
  • a conifer such as but not limited to, Radiata pine, Douglas fir or Loblolly pine and it may also be a hardwood including but not limited to eucalyptus, oak, poplar, or aspen.
  • an inoculum for wood comprising or including one or more (preferably biologically pure) forms of a fungal culture of the species Ophiostoma floccosum, and/or Ophiostoma piceae and or Ophiosotoma pluruanulatum effective in reducing the pitch content of wood.
  • said fungi may be selected from the following strains:
  • the wood source may be wood chips and the fungus or fungi may be applied by spraying the wood chips.
  • the wood source may be logs to be cut into structural wood, and inoculation includes inoculating at least one end of the logs.
  • the wood source may be structural wood and inoculation includes inoculating at least 60% of the surface area of the structural wood.
  • the wood to be inoculated may be but is not limited to a conifer such as Radiata pine, Douglas fir or Loblolly pine and it may also be a hardwood including but not limited to eucalyptus, oak, poplar, or aspen.
  • a biologically pure culture of a strain of Ophiostoma floccosum having all of the identifying characteristics of one of the fungi of strains F40 and F13.
  • a biologically pure culture of a strain of Ophiostoma piceae having all of the identifying characteristics of one of the fungi of strains OPC 422, OPC 580, OPC 194.
  • a method for reducing the pitch content in a wood source, and/or improving brightness in chemical pulp resulting from the albino treatment of wood, and/or improving pulping efficiency such that lower kappa numbers were achieved with treatment of the wood with the albino strains which comprises or includes inoculating at least a portion of the wood source with an effective amount of at least one fungus selected from the group consisting of the species Ophiosotoma floccosum, Ophiosotoma piceae and Ophiostoma pluruanulatum, which is capable of reducing the pitch content.
  • said fungi may be selected from the following strains:
  • the method may further include the step of maintaining the inoculated wood source under conditions which allow fungal growth from the inoculation for a term sufficient to effect a reduction of the pitch content of the wood source by such inoculated fungal growth.
  • the wood source may be pulpwood, or unsterilised pulpwood, or unsterilised refined pulpwood.
  • the wood source may be wood chips and the fungus or fungi is applied by spraying the wood chips.
  • the wood source may be debarked or undebarked timber or logs.
  • the wood source may derive from but not limited to a conifer such as Radiata pine, Douglas fir or Loblolly pine and it may also be a hardwood including but not limited to eucalyptus, oak, poplar, or aspen.
  • a conifer such as Radiata pine, Douglas fir or Loblolly pine
  • it may also be a hardwood including but not limited to eucalyptus, oak, poplar, or aspen.
  • the method may include using or applying more than one fungal strain.
  • a biologically pure culture of a strain of Ophiostoma floccosum having all of the identifying characteristics of one of the fungi of AGAL Accession Numbers NM00/12246, NM00/12247, NM00/12490, NM00/12491 or
  • a biologically pure culture of a strain of Ophiostoma piceae having all of the identifying characteristics of one of the fungi of AGAL Accession Numbers NM00/12248, NM00/12249, NM00/12250 or NM00/12489.
  • a biologically pure culture of a strain of Ophiostoma pluruanulatum having all of the identifying characteristics of one of the fungi of AGAL Accession Numbers NM00/12251, NM00/12252, NM00/12253 or
  • Etce ⁇ ealbinos were isolated from New Zealand but it is expected that these species and their subsequent albinos could prove beneficial when isolated from any country and origin and give beneficial effects superior to Cartapip®97. Some of the New Zealand albinos were significantly better at maintaining biocontrol effect and exclusion of detrimental organisms, including stain fungi, and degrading detrimental wood components than others and better than the commercial product. Also surprising and unobvious according to presently granted patents was the fact that different albinos of various species had differing degrees of effect, with some of the albinos providing other than a positive effect on wood with their application and incubation.
  • Albinos were constructed by single ascospore isolation and mating, according to Zimmerman, W.C, Blanchette, R.A., Burnes, T.A., Farrell, R.L. (1993). Melanin and perithecial development in Ophiostoma piliferum. Mycologia 87: 857-863.
  • Albinos were tested in the laboratory for presence of pigment under a variety of incubating conditions and in competition assays.
  • the competition assays were conducted by inoculating either sterilised, gamma irradiated or some other method, or non-sterilised radiata pine cubes or chips with each or more than one of sapstaining species, including but not limited to Sphaeropsis sapinea, Ophiostoma piliferum or Leptographium species, prior to, simultaneously or after inoculation with the albino or more than one albino fungus.
  • Albino concentration was 10 6 blastospore /ml
  • Stainers fungi which cause stain including but not limited to Leptographium, or Diplodia (Sphaeropsis sapinea) or any other organism that leaves a stain on wood) concentration was 10 6 blastospore /ml
  • the albino fungi In order to teach the mechanism of positive effect upon wood, the albino fungi have been tested in the laboratory for growth characteristics and enzyme production, By standard biochemistry assays the albino fungi have been tested for their ability to deplete starch in growth media, and units of activity in media of amylase and lipase enzymes.
  • Stain during competition is marked on a scale of 1 - 5 with 0 being white wood, and 5 black stain. Each competitive experiment is marked individually.
  • Albino fungi were grown in liquid cultures of growth media consisting of sufficient carbon, nitrogen and trace elements and vitamins to promote cell biomass accumulation (standard and non-standard mycological media are acceptable), either used in the spent growth media, or harvested by centrifugation and resuspended in water or buffer, with or without washing, were sprayed onto radiata pine logs. Either a pure single strain or more than one strain can be used simultaneously or consecutively.
  • the typical cell concentration of the fungus in spent media, water or buffer was from 10e2 to 10e6 colony forming units per millilitre.
  • the fungal cell suspensions were applied onto the logs by back-pack spray systems, or commercial sprayers, either variety such as used by commercial agricultural spray systems or commercial log spray systems.
  • Fungal cell suspensions could also be applied to logs by dipping the logs into a bath suspension containing the cells in water, buffer or spent growth media.
  • Fungal application can be done only one time or more than one time.
  • Mouldicides may be used after a few days of the fungal application to improve surface appearance.
  • the logs were left in the field, or in an enclosed container such as warehouse, boat etc, and after 1, 2, 3 or longer months the amount of stain was assessed on the logs visually. Results of one such application of multiple fungi are given in Figure 1.
  • Example 3 - Results are given in Figure 1.
  • Some albinos can have a positive effect on wood quality, biocontrol and keep wood from staining, better than the commercial fungus and better than commercial anti-sapstain chemicals. Some albinos have detrimental effects and increase the amount of stain, therefore not all white fungi behave in the same manner with regard to their effect on wood.
  • Solid wood or wood chips either previously sterilised by gamma irradiation or some other method, or non-sterilised, was treated with more than two dozen albino fungi, a bacteria (for example Pseudomonas resinovorans) or the commercial product Cartapip 97.
  • the inoculated wood was either left to stand at ambient temperature or incubated from 0 degrees Centigrade to plus 65 degrees Centigrade. The wood was analysed anytime from 2 days to 16 weeks, most typically between 1 — 8 weeks) for full extractive analysis.
  • the wood extractives content of treated and untreated chips was determined on freeze dried chip samples which had been ground to ⁇ 0.5mm.
  • the wood meal was extracted by solvent extraction with acetone using a Soxtec extractor.
  • Gas chromatography of the methylated extract was performed using a DB-1 5m x 0.32mm capillary column fitted with a 0.5m x 0. 5mm deactivated silica retention gap and using an on column injection technique. Detection was by flame ionisation detector and quantitation was performed using the internal standard technique on the chromatography data system.
  • Results for the fungal treated samples can be most easily compared as to the effect of one fungal isolate as compared to another fungal, rather than compared to the reference control, non- fungal treated samples.
  • Fungal cell cultures as described in Example 1 were applied either to logs or to chips at a ratio of 1000 gallons cell suspension in water to 200 tons wet weight chips - this cell suspension to wood weight ratio could be varied by several orders of magnitude.
  • OF Pile in this example consisted of chips sprayed with water plus a mixture of two Ophiostoma albinos, O. floccosum 40, and O.floccosum 13, but other combination of albino fungi could also be used.
  • OPC Pile in this example consisted of chips sprayed with water plus mixture of three O. piceae C albino isolates, OPC 580, OPC 422 and OPC 194 cell concentrate, but other combination of albino fungi could also be used.
  • O. piceae 540, O. piceae 422, O. piceae 194 culture suspensions were mixed together and applied to one pile, and O. floccosum 40 and O. floccosum 13 were mixed together and applied to another pile, as described in the Materials and Methods and details in Appendix
  • DNA The wood chips of the piles were made into pulp at the mill by normal procedures. Samples of pulp were taken for further analysis from the Chemiwasher, Twin wire wash press (TWWP), and bleached pulp (M57). DNA extractions were performed on the pulps to show whether there was any trace of the New Zealand-origin fungi; these analyses showed that there was no residual DNA left in the pulps. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of specific DNA probes for 0. piceae and O. floccosum on the extractions confirmed that no DNA could be isolated from the pulps, and hence no PCR reaction was observed; therefore there was no residual DNA in the pulps from the applied albino fungi.
  • PCR Polymerase chain reaction
  • TWWP Twin wire wash press
  • the increased chemical pulping efficiency described here has practical significance to mills in several ways, including but not limited to, decreased amount of cooking liquor to be added to fungal treated wood chips to reach equivalent kappa (lignin) content at the same amount of cellulosic content, and as measured at the same viscosity, greater yield of pulp from equivalent cooking liquor as the cooking liquor works with greater efficiency to remove lignin and not cellulosic contents, improved pulp and fibre properties as the reduced cooking liquor does not act as much non-specifically on cellulosic components, improved benefit to the environment because less cooking liquor, and less concomitant effluent, to be used, and reduced cooking time as the cooking liquor is working with greater efficiency on fungal treated wood chips.
  • lignin kappa
  • the albino O. floccosum sprayed wood chips produced a brighter pulp than had been observed in the mill, and which required less bleach chemical to reach a higher brightness than the standard mill pulps.
  • a day of inoculation was typically considered about 1000 tonnes wood chips, [tonne refers to 1,000kg or 22001b.
  • the wood chips used for trial purposes were all green wood with no additional water added prior to inoculation.]
  • Stage 1 OF 40 sprayed 10,000 tons (10 days)
  • Specifics of the chips and the spraying inocula were as follows:
  • Average chip size 25mm x 25mm x 2mm
  • Density of wood 350-550 (average 400 kg/ cub meter) (400 micro gram/cub.millimeter)
  • one chip had a surface area of 1450 square, mm, volume of 1250 cub. mm and a mass of 5 gram.
  • the samples were freeze dried and then ground on a Wiley mill to pass a 40 mesh sieve and then extracted using the Soxtec apparatus with t-butylmethyl ether as solvent.
  • the total extractives are expressed on the basis of oven dried starting wood.
  • the internal standard and synthetic mixture solutions were prepared.
  • the internal standard 50 ⁇ L was added to the extract vial containing approximately 0.6mg of material, and then treated with an excess of ethereal diazomethane.
  • the solvent and excess diazomethane were evaporated under a stream of nitrogen, dichloromethane (400 ⁇ L) added and the vial was sealed.
  • a Hewlett Packard 5890 series II GC with on-column injection and FID detector was used, with 1 ⁇ L injected onto the column, which was a HP1, 10 m x 0.54 mm x 2mm.
  • Injector temperature 80 °C initially, held for 2 minutes and ramped to 340 °C at 20 °C/minute and then held at 340 6 C.
  • Detector temperature 340 °C.
  • Oven temperature 40 °C initially, held for 2 minutes. Then it was increased to 100 °C at 60 °C/minute, held for 2 minutes, ramped to 200 °C at 4°C/minute and then ramped to 340 °C at
  • the helium carrier gas flow rate was constant at 12 kPa.
  • the finely ground wood ( ⁇ 2g) was accurately weighed in duplicate into small cellulose thimbles (26rnm x 60mm). At the same time a sample ( ⁇ lg) was accurately weighed in duplicate for moisture content.
  • the thimble was put into the Soxtec apparatus and 60 mL t-butylmethyl ether added to a pre- weighed aluminium cup containing anti bumping granules. The thimble was placed in the boiling position for 30 minutes and then raised to the rinsing position for 60 minutes. After this time, the solvent was removed by evaporation, and the last trace of solvent removed under vacuum. The dry cup was re- weighed and the %extract calculated. GC chromatography
  • the extract was washed into a volumetric flask with small volumes of acetone, and made up to the mark. An aliquot was removed to yield approximately 0.6mg of material and transferred to a vial. The acetone was removed by a gentle stream of mtrogen, and the vial flushed with nitrogen prior to sealing. The vials were stored sealed under nitrogen in the freezer before analysis.
  • the internal standard solution contained pentadecanoic acid (0.8472 mg/mL), betulin (0.7782 mg/mL), cholesteryl heptadecanoate (0.94 mg/mL) and dipalmitoyloleoyl glycerol (0.4154 mg/mL) in dichloromethane.
  • the pentadecanoic acid is a check for complete derivitisation, and the dipalmitoyloleoyl glycerol is a check for triglyceride recovery.
  • the betulin is used as internal standard for resin and fatty acids and the cholesteryl heptadecanoate is used as internal standard for triglycerides.
  • the ratio of the 2 internal standards is used to monitor column performance.
  • a synthetic resin mixture containing 3 fatty acids, 2 resin acids and a triglyceride was also prepared in dichloromethane to check response factors.
  • Percentage component is determined by adding together the areas of peaks of the gas chromatagram that fall within a retention time range. This range is determined by analysis of authentic standards. However, there is no guarantee that peaks in the range are the same as the standards. Some verification work has been done on GCMS (gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy) to check peak assignments, however this was not done for triglycerides, where the samples can not be put on the GCMS. The pitch and pulp samples especially may not actually contain triglycerides at all.
  • Chips were assayed for the type of fungi growing on them by the Waikato lab's standard mycological procedures and assessed for stain, an indication of the albino fungal dominance over other microorganisms on the chips and biocontrol effect. Chips were analysed for extractives.
  • the fungal isolates from the chips used at Kimberly Clark mill were isolated and purified on selected media, and identified by morphology and in some cases by DNA probe. The purpose of these isolations is first, to detect whether the inoculated fungi sprayed onto the chips were growing, and second, to see what else might be growing on the chips.
  • the two albino O. floccosum strains, called OF 40 and OF13 had a reversion of melanin formation such that when growing on chips, these fungi produced light brown synnema hairs that stick up from the chip.
  • the hyphae of the fungi are non-melanised i.e. non-staining.
  • the brown synnema proved useful for the mill and lab to be able to see when the albino was well growing on the chip.
  • Table 9 is from all the research mill trials.
  • Table 9 Identification of Fungi from Chips Isolates from 800 tonnes wood chips Mill Expt. (Nov'1999) Piles: Wet Pile (water), Dry Pile (not sprayed), O. piceae pile and O. floccosum pile
  • Chips were clean, no stained chips observed.
  • microorganisms that grew on media 4 and 6 after 3-6 days incubation are: A,niger,
  • Trichodenna Penicillium, White fungi, Bacteria, Yeast.
  • Chips were clean no stain. Brown synnema on chips can be seen under microscope. After 3-6 days on media 4/6, Mucor, Rhizopus, Bacteria and Albino brown synnema (O .floccosum) on media 6.
  • Chips were darkened and stained, under scope,: Brown synnema (floccosum), Trichoderma, black hairy fungi.
  • Chips Black synnema (querci?), blach hairy fungi, Penicillium, Mucor, bacteria.
  • Tables A to L present statistical data.
  • Table B Analysis of Variance for % MTBE (Two-way analysis of Variance between Strains Vs Media)
  • % FA did not significantly influenced by doses, media or interaction.
  • the mill trial fungal dose was called IX (or one times) and in the lab this was varied to one-tenth the mill dose (1/1 OX) or 10 times the mill dose (10X).
  • %MTBE means the total extractives as removed by methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from the wood chips.
  • MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
  • the components of fatty acids, resin acids and triglycerides were identified on the gas cl iOmatogram.
  • Table 1 for the Lab data, the terms “Peptone” and “YM” are the growth medium that the lab uses to prepare the fungi.
  • the term “powder” means the freeze- dried powder inocula of the fungi that was provided to the mill for the 80,000 tonnes wood chip trial.
  • the IX dosage used in the lab same dosage as used in the mill, was better in total extractives, fatty acid, resin acid and triglycerides decrease than the 10 times, or one-tenth dosage.
  • Mill Results Extractives OF 40 (Mill results are generally 10 weeks fungal incubation on chips).
  • the OF40 pulp at the chemiwasher stage still contains a significant amount of extractives
  • the chips of OF40 at 10 weeks had 1.16% MBTE total extractives, and after the sulfite cook, the pulp at the chemiwasher has 0.92% MBTE - in other words the cook only removed 20% of the total extractives.
  • This pulp mainly contained resin acids, (20% less resin acids than were in the chips) and the fatty acids and triglycerides in the pulps were about the same amounts as present in the chips, but one-seventh and one-twentieth the amounts respectively as the amount of resin acids present in the pulps.
  • Resin acid is a bigger component of extractives in chemiwasher pulp than anything else we tested. Note that the components of resin acids, fatty acids and triglycerides are only about half of the total extractives - the other half is not identified.
  • the data of the pulps resulting from the OF40& OF 13 combined inoculated chips follows the same trends as the OF 40 pulps, though there is 7% more total extractives in the OF40&OF13 chemiwasher pulp and 11% less resin acid in the OF40& OF 13 chemiwasher pulp than the OF40 chemiwasher pulp. Again, it looks like resin acids are more present in the chemiwasher pulp than the other components identified, and there is little extractive in the other pulps.
  • Lipase catalyses the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol, fatty acids and resin acids.
  • An enzyme unit is that amount of enzyme that will cause release of l mole of PNP per minute under assay conditions.
  • the fungi used in this assay were isolated off the 8 weeks incubated wood chips, inoculated with either OF40, OF40&13 or OF13. Overnight cultures of the fungi were standardised to 10 7 cells/ml and inoculated into Peptone and YM media.
  • the mill had no shutdowns when using the fungal inoculated chips with less seasoning than routinely done.
  • Cartpip TM A biopulping product for control of pitch and resin acid problems in pulp mills. J Biotechnol 30: 115-122.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation de souches des champignons Ophiostoma floccosum, Ophiostoma piceae ou Ophiostoma pluruanulatum ou de mélanges de ces dernières sur le bois ou la pâte de bois afin d'améliorer les processus de réduction en pâte chimique et/ou de réduire le temps de cuisson et/ou d'améliorer la luminosité et/ou de réduire les produits d'extraction.
PCT/NZ2001/000102 2000-06-07 2001-05-30 Champignons destines a ameliorer l'apparence et la qualite du bois et de la pate de bois WO2001093665A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001267939A AU2001267939A1 (en) 2000-06-07 2001-05-30 Fungi for improvements of wood and pulp appearance and qualities

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ505017 2000-06-07
NZ50501700 2000-06-07
NZ505316 2000-06-20
NZ50531600 2000-06-20
NZ506630 2000-08-30
NZ50663000 2000-08-30
NZ51132901 2001-04-24
NZ511329 2001-04-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001093665A1 true WO2001093665A1 (fr) 2001-12-13

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PCT/NZ2001/000102 WO2001093665A1 (fr) 2000-06-07 2001-05-30 Champignons destines a ameliorer l'apparence et la qualite du bois et de la pate de bois

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AU (1) AU2001267939A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001093665A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2683533A4 (fr) * 2011-03-04 2017-03-15 FPInnovations Coloration du bois avec des champignons et procédé de traitement

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993001923A1 (fr) * 1991-07-19 1993-02-04 Forintek Canada Corp. Procede de protection du bois d'×uvre contre les taches colorees de l'aubier
US6083537A (en) * 1998-05-26 2000-07-04 Forintek Canada Corp. Integrated method for protecting logs and green lumber from sapstain and mold

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993001923A1 (fr) * 1991-07-19 1993-02-04 Forintek Canada Corp. Procede de protection du bois d'×uvre contre les taches colorees de l'aubier
US6083537A (en) * 1998-05-26 2000-07-04 Forintek Canada Corp. Integrated method for protecting logs and green lumber from sapstain and mold

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WHITE-MCDOUGALL ET AL.: "Biological control of blue stain fungi on populus tremuloides using selected ophiostoma isolates", HOLZFORSCHUNG, vol. 52, no. 3, 1998, pages 234 - 240 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2683533A4 (fr) * 2011-03-04 2017-03-15 FPInnovations Coloration du bois avec des champignons et procédé de traitement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001267939A1 (en) 2001-12-17

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