WO2001093645A1 - Dispositif de modification d'alimentation en electricite - Google Patents

Dispositif de modification d'alimentation en electricite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001093645A1
WO2001093645A1 PCT/AU2001/000648 AU0100648W WO0193645A1 WO 2001093645 A1 WO2001093645 A1 WO 2001093645A1 AU 0100648 W AU0100648 W AU 0100648W WO 0193645 A1 WO0193645 A1 WO 0193645A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switches
power supplied
enable
switch
electrical power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2001/000648
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bill John Lancaster
Original Assignee
Enersave Environmental Services Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enersave Environmental Services Pty Ltd filed Critical Enersave Environmental Services Pty Ltd
Priority to AU2001261918A priority Critical patent/AU2001261918A1/en
Publication of WO2001093645A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001093645A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/40—Controlling the intensity of light discontinuously

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a means for altering the electrical power supplied to an electrical device.
  • the invention has particular application as a means for reducing the electrical power supplied to lighting and is generally herein described in that context. However, it is to be appreciated that the application has broader application and is not limited to that particular use.
  • a means to enable the electrical power supplied to a device to be altered including: a switching means provided between a power input and an output to the device, the switching means provided to enable the amount of power supplied to the device to be altered; and a controlling means for controlling the level of power supplied to the device by the switching means, wherein the switching means is capable of altering the amount of power supplied to the device, without interrupting the power supplied to the device.
  • the power altering means includes a transformer.
  • the transformer is connected in series between the power input and the switching means.
  • the transformer is provided for altering the voltage supplied to the switching means, and so to the device, in an efficient manner.
  • the transformer includes taps at discrete output voltage levels so as to provide a small voltage step at each point from 100% of input line voltage to a altered line voltage of, for example, 85%.
  • the output voltage may then be selected by choosing an appropriate tap and switching the tap to the output terminals. It is to be appreciated that virtually the only losses incurred using transformer taps are those of the transformer.
  • the transformer is an auto-transformer.
  • the switching means includes a set of switches.
  • the switches are arranged one per transformer output tap, with one side of each switch connected to its respective transformer tap and the other side connected to the live output terminal of the power altering means.
  • the switches are semi-conductor switches.
  • the switches are back-to-back silicon-controlled rectifiers (thyristors) connected to provide full wave switching.
  • thyristors back-to-back silicon-controlled rectifiers
  • each switch is rated to carry the full load current.
  • the neutral output terminal of the power altering means is connected to the common connection of the transformer secondary or the common neutral terminal of the autotransformer.
  • the controlling means is provided to monitor and control the switching means.
  • the controlling means can independently operate and control each of the switches of the switching means.
  • the controlling means includes a microprocessor or other appropriate electronic circuitry.
  • the microprocessor or other appropriate electronic circuitry allows for the input/alteration of operating parameters and the like.
  • the microprocessor or other appropriate electronic circuitry includes a user interface to allow for the input of operating parameters and the like.
  • the controlling means provides a startup condition whereby the switch connected to the transformer 100% power output tap (the preset voltage switch) is set to the ON position, and all other switches are set to the OFF position. This is desirable in situations where full line power is initially required to be supplied to the output device, such as often required when initially lighting a bank of lights.
  • the controller begins a timing sequence, whereby after a preset time, the controller sets the next lower voltage switch below the 100% power output voltage to the ON position, and sets the preset voltage switch to the OFF position. This lowers the level of electrical power supplied to the output terminals and so to the lights.
  • the preset time delay could be set as desired. By way of example, delays in the order of 1 to 8 minutes are envisaged.
  • the sequence of switching to consecutively lower voltage switches continues until the switch connected to the lowest voltage tap is set to the ON position, with all other switches set to the OFF position. When this occurs, the desired reduction in power output supplied to the lights is reached.
  • the minimum required voltage could be preset and monitored by the controller, so that the sequence of switching to consecutively lower voltage switches continues until the minimum preset voltage is reached. This would be most useful in areas where the mains voltage was prone to fluctuations or to sag, at times of peak demand, avoiding the possibility of lights extinguishing due to too low a voltage.
  • time delay could be of any length.
  • a very short time may not allow all the lights to strike as some may be slow starters and several types of lighting take several minutes to strike and fully illuminate (such as HID lights).
  • a very long delay wastes time that the unit could have been in full economy operation. With fluorescent tubes a 1 minute initial delay has found to be adequate; while with HID lights, an 8 minute initial delay has been found sufficient to ensure that all the lights have struck and warmed up to an operating level.
  • next switch is switched to the ON position before the current switch is switches to the OFF position. This ensures that there is not interruption of power supply, as would occur if the current switch was switched OFF prior to the next switch being switched ON.
  • any number of taps and switches could be incorporated into the present invention. As few as two taps/switches could be used. Alternatively 200 or more taps/switches could be incorporated into the present invention if desired. Factors dictating the number of taps/switches chosen for a particular application include overall dimension restrictions of the unit, cost of the unit, and the desired smoothness of power change supplied to the lights. In this respect, it is to be appreciated that increasing the number of taps/switches creates a smoother power change, but at the same time increases the size and cost of the unit.
  • sufficient taps/switches are provided, and a slow enough step rate is used, to ensure that users of the lights have minimal, if any, awareness of the power supplied to the lights being altered.
  • the number of taps and switches is eight. However, a greater or lesser number could be used if desired.
  • the means is manufactured and sold as a unit, including a casing, casing mounting means and the like.
  • the unit includes a bypass, allowing the system to be isolated from the power supply, if desired.
  • the means provides a reduction in power supply to a source, thereby providing a power saving.
  • the level of power reduction is envisaged in the range of 15 percent. However, it is to be appreciated that any practical amount of power reduction could occur, depending upon the specific environment to which the means is to be applied. Thus, a reduction of 15 percent is provided merely as one example.
  • the means could actually be used to provide an increase in the power supplied to a source. It is to be appreciated that any practical amount of power increase is possible. A combination function of, at times, providing a power increase and, at times, providing a power decrease is also envisaged.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a means 10 to enable the electrical power supplied to a device (not illustrated) to be altered is disclosed.
  • the means 10 is designed to reduce the operating costs of a bank of lights by reducing the operating voltage, and thus the current and power, supplied to the lights with minimal noticeable reduction of light quality or output.
  • the means 10 includes a voltage input supply 11 for the supply of input voltage from a voltage source (not illustrated). In an Australian domestic environment the input voltage would generally be 240V.
  • the means 10 also provides a voltage output 12, which supplies a voltage output supply to a device (not illustrated).
  • the voltage input supply 11 is connected to a transformer 13.
  • the transformer 13 is in the form of a toroidal auto-transformer.
  • the toroidal auto- transformer is rated at approximately 10kVa (approximately 41 amps at 240V and approximately 45 amps at 220V). However, it is to be appreciated that the auto-transformer is capable of handling a higher load than this.
  • the auto- transformer could be whatever rating the unit was to be manufactured as. Theoretically the unit could be rated at 2.5kVa at 240V or 250kVa at 240V. Theoretically, units could be made in a wide range of ratings, for practical purposes a 10kVa unit is proposed, however as an example, a 40kVa unit could be manufactured if required.
  • the transformer output side 12 includes four taps 16,17,18,19.
  • the taps 16,17,18,19 are provided at discrete output voltage levels.
  • the taps 16,17,18,19 are provided to provide small voltage steps at each point from 100% of line input voltage at tap 16 to a desired minimum line input voltage at tap 19.
  • a switching means is provided in the form of a bank of switches 20.
  • the bank of switches 20 includes a set a AC switches 21a,b,c,d.
  • the taps 16,17,18,19 are each respectively connected to one side of one of the switches 21 a,b,c,d. That is, tap 16 is connected to one side of switch 21a, tap 17 is connected to one side of switch 21b, tap 18 is connected to one side of switch 21c, and tap 19 is connected to one side of switch 21 d.
  • the other side of each of the switches 21a,b,c,d is connected to the live output terminal 22.
  • Each of the switches 21a,b,c,d are rated to carry the full (100%) load current.
  • the switches 21a,b,c,d are back-to-back silicon controlled rectifiers connected to provide full wave switching.
  • the switch load rating is 92 Amps.
  • the back-to-back silicon controlled rectifiers ratings are dictated by what the operational loan of the unit would be (i.e. 10kVa, 20kVa, etc., etc.). As an example only, if the unit is rated at 10kVa then these may be rated at 100kVa. Manufacturing a 40kVa unit requires much larger components to handle the operational currents and also some big in-rush currents that can occur with certain HID lighting types. However, it is to be appreciated that other solid state or electromechanical devices could also provide the necessary switch functions if desired.
  • a neutral output terminal 23 is provided.
  • the neutral output terminal 23 corresponds to the common neutral terminal 23 of the auto-transformer 13.
  • Each of the switches 21a,b,c,d are independently connected to a controlling means in the form of a controller 25.
  • the controller 25 controls the switches 21a,b,c,d in the desired operating sequence.
  • the controller 25 when power is initially supplied to the lighting fixtures, the controller 25 ensures that switch 21a is initially in the ON position, while each of the remaining switches 21b,c,d are initially in the OFF position.
  • the output voltage supply 12 is, for practical purposes, identical to the input voltage supply 11. This is desirable because while most lighting fixtures will operate at lower than normal operating voltages, some will not initially light at lower than normal operating voltages.
  • the controller 25 will turn switch
  • the controller 25 After some further predetermined length of time the controller 25 will turn switch 21c to the ON position and, after a very short delay, will turn switch 21 to the OFF position. This creates a further drop in output supply voltage 12. Following this, and after another predetermined length of time, the controller 25 turns switch 21 d to the ON position and after a very short delay turns switch 21c to the OFF position.
  • the voltage drop with the existing unit operating at 240V mains supply is approximately 5V through each switch (which equates to approximately 2% voltage drop), however this could be 1V or 10V or whatever voltage value was desired. The larger the % drop, then the more likely that each switch would be noticeable.
  • a unit could be designed with 1V reduction with 36 taps in the auto- transformer and have 36 switches and achieve the same power savings as the 4 tap unit described above, however the resultant cost of the unit will be higher than a 4 tap unit.
  • the auto-transformer could be manufactured with the appropriate number of taps running through the appropriate number of switches, which could provide similar power reductions as the existing unit. This could result in more or less savings than the above described unit, if required, depending on the overall voltage reduction as dictated by the final tap of the auto-transformer. It is to be appreciated that these values can be altered to virtually infinity if required. It is unlikely with most fluorescent fittings that even a 15% voltage drop in one switch could be noticed (some older fittings etc. may alter slightly).
  • each of the predetermined lengths of time the controller 25 waits before activating the various switches are identical.
  • each predetermined time delay could be of a different length.
  • identical output voltage drops are experienced when switching from one switch the next.
  • the level of each of the voltage drops could be of differing amounts.
  • switches 21a,b,c,d are illustrated. It is to be appreciated, however, that any number of switches could be used. As few as two switches could be used. However, if the means 10 is to provide a significant power saving of say, 10% or more, then a noticeable drop in light intensity is likely to be experienced in a single step voltage reduction.
  • the switches 21a,b,c,d are used in head-to-head or simultaneous operation. This provides "half taps" allowing for a smoother transition between the power output levels, as compared to the power transition between the power output levels when half-taps are not used.
  • the controller 25 is provided with a means for automatically sensing an increase in the required level of power output, and is capable of reversing the switching operation so as to accommodate an increase of power.
  • the controller 25 has so far been described only in terms of its function.
  • the controller 25 includes a microprocessor (not illustrated).
  • the microprocessor controls the timing and other operational sequences necessary to fully operate and control the switches 21a,b,c,d. It is to be appreciated that the microprocessor could be replaced by, or used in conjunction with, other appropriate electronic circuitry.
  • the microprocessor may be programmable enabling the input of operating parameters and the like.
  • a microprocessor interface is provided.
  • One envisaged microprocessor is a PIC 16 C 711.
  • the means 10 could be used to increase rather than decrease power consumption/voltage supply via an appropriate transformer design specification. Another method may be achieved also by reversing the order in which the switches 21a,b,c,d are used in the sequence.
  • Figure 2 provides one embodiment of an approximate layout of the means 10 when sold in one form as a unit 26. Unlike the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 , the embodiment illustrated in Figure 2 includes eight switches 21a-h.
  • the switches 21a-h are in the form of thyristors (semi-conductor switches).
  • the switches 21a-h are mounted on a heat sink 27.
  • the heat sink 27 is provided to allow for the harmless dissipation of heat away from the switches 21a-h which generate heat during operation.
  • Each of the switches 21a-h are independently controllable by a microprocessor (not illustrated) attached to a printed circuit board 28.
  • Fuses 29a,b are provided to prevent any excessive current from passing through the switches.
  • a toroidal auto-transformer 13a is provided.
  • the auto-transformer 13a is provided for reducing the voltage in an efficient manner by including taps at discrete output voltage levels.
  • An autotransformer 13a is utilised given that no input to output isolation is required for a lighting control application, and that the output voltage is close to the input voltage. This results in a high efficiency, lower cost and smaller size of the transformer.
  • Transformer 13a includes eight taps 16,168,17,173,18,183,19,193, which separately extend to a respective one of switches 213-h.
  • the unit 26 includes a casing 30.
  • the casing 30 is provided so as to provide a barrier to unauthorised access to the potentially harmful components of the unit 26. Thus, the casing 30 would be provided 3s a lockable metal casing or similar.
  • the casing 30 is also provided to improve the aesthetics of the unit 26, by concealing the components of the unit 26.
  • the casing 30 is provided with attachment means, such as attachment bolts (not illustrated) to enable the unit 26 to be securely attached to a wall or the like.
  • An inductor 31 is included to slow the instantaneous rise in current, possible when using semiconductor switch means and is provided to protect the switch means from premature failure.
  • a line capacitor 32 is included to absorb high voltsge transient switching voltages.
  • a contactor switch/bypassing means 33 is provided.
  • a current transformer 34 is provided to detect the load.
  • a terminal block 35 is provided to connect input and output cables.
  • a low voltage transformer 36 is provided to provide a low voltage supply to the controller 25.
  • the means 10 of the present invention is versatile because it can be adapted for use in a wide array of applications. It is an economic way of providing power savings for lighting and other electrically powered devices, especially in commercial and industrial applications where the number of lights and other electrically operated devices is often vast. Moreover, if desired, the means 10 can also be used as a way of increasing the electrical power supplied to a device.

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  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention a trait à un dispositif (10) permettant de modifier l'alimentation électrique fournie à un appareil, lequel dispositif comporte un système de commutation (20) placé entre une entrée (11) et une sortie (12) de courant, ce système de commutation (20) étant destiné à modifier le flux de courant fourni audit appareil. Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend également une unité de commande (25) régulant le niveau de courant fourni à l'appareil par le système de commutation (20), lequel est à même de modifier le flux de courant fourni à l'appareil sans interrompre l'alimentation.
PCT/AU2001/000648 2000-05-31 2001-05-31 Dispositif de modification d'alimentation en electricite WO2001093645A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001261918A AU2001261918A1 (en) 2000-05-31 2001-05-31 A power supply altering means

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPQ7875A AUPQ787500A0 (en) 2000-05-31 2000-05-31 A power supply altering means
AUPQ7875 2000-05-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001093645A1 true WO2001093645A1 (fr) 2001-12-06

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AU (1) AUPQ787500A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001093645A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003077616A1 (fr) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-18 Forghieri, Antonio Dispositif hybride pour la regulation pas-a-pas de la luminosite d'une lampe
FR2852188A1 (fr) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-10 Jean Pierre Reynaud Systeme de reduction de puissance pour les lampes a decharge alimentees par un ballast ferromagnetique commande par les informations tarifaires du reseau de distribution electrique
US8170252B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2012-05-01 Cochlear Limited Dual percutaneous anchors bone conduction device
US8891795B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-11-18 Cochlear Limited Transcutaneous bone conduction device vibrator having movable magnetic mass
US9173042B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2015-10-27 Cochlear Limited Bone anchor fixture for a medical prosthesis
US9998837B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2018-06-12 Cochlear Limited Percutaneous vibration conductor
CN110071816A (zh) * 2019-04-03 2019-07-30 深圳艾迪宝智能系统有限公司 一种串口通信模块
US11240613B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2022-02-01 Cochlear Limited Bone conduction implant

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4513224A (en) * 1982-09-22 1985-04-23 Pacific Power Control, Inc. Fluorescent-lighting-system voltage controller
EP0687135A2 (fr) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-13 ARS S.p.A. Appareil pour réguler la tension d'alimentation destinée à des lampes à décharge
US5786684A (en) * 1996-09-16 1998-07-28 Abb Power T&D Company, Inc. Apparatus and methods for minimizing over voltage in a voltage regulator
US5969511A (en) * 1995-08-01 1999-10-19 N.V. Eneco Method and device for continuous adjustment and regulation of transformer turns ratio, and transformer provided with such device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4513224A (en) * 1982-09-22 1985-04-23 Pacific Power Control, Inc. Fluorescent-lighting-system voltage controller
EP0687135A2 (fr) * 1994-06-09 1995-12-13 ARS S.p.A. Appareil pour réguler la tension d'alimentation destinée à des lampes à décharge
US5969511A (en) * 1995-08-01 1999-10-19 N.V. Eneco Method and device for continuous adjustment and regulation of transformer turns ratio, and transformer provided with such device
US5786684A (en) * 1996-09-16 1998-07-28 Abb Power T&D Company, Inc. Apparatus and methods for minimizing over voltage in a voltage regulator

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003077616A1 (fr) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-18 Forghieri, Antonio Dispositif hybride pour la regulation pas-a-pas de la luminosite d'une lampe
FR2852188A1 (fr) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-10 Jean Pierre Reynaud Systeme de reduction de puissance pour les lampes a decharge alimentees par un ballast ferromagnetique commande par les informations tarifaires du reseau de distribution electrique
US9173042B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2015-10-27 Cochlear Limited Bone anchor fixture for a medical prosthesis
US10750298B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2020-08-18 Cochlear Limited Bone anchor fixture for a medical prosthesis
US10750297B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2020-08-18 Cochlear Limited Bone anchor fixture for a medical prosthesis
US9838807B2 (en) 2007-07-20 2017-12-05 Cochlear Limited Bone anchor fixture for a medical prosthesis
US8532321B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2013-09-10 Cochlear Limited Hearing device having one or more in-the-canal vibrating extensions
US9602931B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2017-03-21 Cochlear Limited Bone conduction device
US8655002B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2014-02-18 Cochlear Limited Piercing conducted bone conduction device
US8170252B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2012-05-01 Cochlear Limited Dual percutaneous anchors bone conduction device
US11570552B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2023-01-31 Cochlear Limited Bone conduction device
US8891795B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-11-18 Cochlear Limited Transcutaneous bone conduction device vibrator having movable magnetic mass
US11240613B2 (en) 2014-01-30 2022-02-01 Cochlear Limited Bone conduction implant
US9998837B2 (en) 2014-04-29 2018-06-12 Cochlear Limited Percutaneous vibration conductor
CN110071816A (zh) * 2019-04-03 2019-07-30 深圳艾迪宝智能系统有限公司 一种串口通信模块

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