WO2001092936A1 - Method and device for encapsulating an optical fibre component - Google Patents
Method and device for encapsulating an optical fibre component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001092936A1 WO2001092936A1 PCT/FR2001/001655 FR0101655W WO0192936A1 WO 2001092936 A1 WO2001092936 A1 WO 2001092936A1 FR 0101655 W FR0101655 W FR 0101655W WO 0192936 A1 WO0192936 A1 WO 0192936A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- support substrate
- thermosetting material
- drop
- optical fiber
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
- G02B6/022—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3628—Mechanical coupling means for mounting fibres to supporting carriers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of optical fibers, and in particular optical fibers comprising integrated components.
- Optical fibers with integrated components are destined for great development and many industrial applications in the years to come.
- components are particularly destined to play an important role as a sensor or in telecommunications networks [1].
- such components can be used in the form of frequency filters, such as Bragg gratings [2] or filters for transmission lines [3].
- Bragg grating filters or couplers are examples of components integrated into optical fibers.
- a fiber support for the purpose, for example, of protecting a component, of stabilizing it in temperature [4], [5], [6] or of tuning a filter in wave length -
- the glass brazing requires a special glass whose coefficient of expansion is close to the silica of the fiber with a melting temperature lower than the silica. This technique is therefore very restrictive.
- a Bragg grating Used in a transmission line based on wavelength multiplexing [9], a Bragg grating must have a precise wavelength better than 50 ⁇ m. This precision must take into account the thermal drift of the filter or other environmental factors. The different stages followed by the Bragg grating during its manufacture (registration, effect of the diffusion of hydrogen) do not always make it possible to obtain sufficiently precise control of its wavelength. Each step brings a shift in wavelength marred by a significant uncertainty. Therefore, those skilled in the art know that it is necessary to adjust the wavelength of the Bragg grating, lastly, when fixing the optical fiber integrating the component, on a substrate.
- the adjustment, during the fixing step, of a Bragg grating is based on the linear response of the wavelength with an axial mechanical stress.
- a tensile stress of 1/1000 on the fiber leads to a shift of the Bragg wavelength of +1.2 nm around 1.55 ⁇ m [2].
- a known method for carrying out this adjustment operation consists in using a support making it possible to adjust this constraint. The miniaturization of the support, in fact more complex, is then limited.
- Another known method consists in applying a stress with a bench and to freeze this stress value by using glue on the support or any other fixing means.
- thermosetting epoxy resins are common for fixing optical fibers, especially for this application.
- the support and the bench heated, expand. This leads to a non-reproducible shift in the wavelength of the filter. This phenomenon was observed during bonding of a Bragg grating on a temperature compensation support or on a piezoelectric support.
- the standard deviation of the measured wavelength offsets is 97 ⁇ m. This standard deviation, obtained by baking in the oven, is too large to ensure precise aiming at wavelength.
- thermosetting resins used for fixing the optical fibers can modify the optical function of the component and complicate the handling of the samples (supports taken out of an oven for example ).
- specialists today are not satisfied with the known techniques for fixing fibers, in particular using thermosetting resins, and are actively looking for new solutions.
- the present invention now aims to propose new means for fixing an optical fiber on a support substrate to improve the performance of devices based on optical fibers, in particular optical fibers comprising integrated components.
- An important aim of the present invention is in particular to propose means making it possible to freeze the wavelength of a Bragg grating at a precise value.
- a method for manufacturing a device based on optical fiber in particular an optical fiber comprising an integrated component, consisting in:. depositing at least one drop of thermosetting material on a chosen area of a support substrate,
- thermosetting material a chosen area of an optical fiber
- the polymerization step consists in applying a localized laser beam to the drop of thermosetting material.
- the use of a laser beam to ensure polymerization makes it possible to limit the heating by drop of thermosetting material or resin and to its very close environment, and in particular makes it possible to avoid heating. of the entire support substrate.
- thermosetting material is advantageously an epoxy resin.
- the support substrate is formed from a material having a high thermal resistance.
- the present invention also relates to a system for implementing the above method, as well as the devices thus obtained.
- FIG. 1 appended represents a bench according to the present invention, for fixing fiber on a support substrate by polymerization of a resin using a CO2 laser,
- FIG. 2 represents a device in accordance with the present invention, comprising a support substrate capable of providing thermal compensation for a Bragg grating by assembly with a negative expansion coefficient
- FIG. 3 shows another device in accordance with the present invention based on a support, most of which is unsuitable for polymerization by CO2 laser.
- FIG. 4 represents another variant of a device in accordance with the present invention using an arrangement allowing tuning, by electrical control, of the wavelength of a Bragg grating, and.
- FIG. 5 represents a histogram of the total shift of the wavelength observed on a device in accordance with FIG. 4, after polymerization of the epoxy resin.
- FIG. 1 shows a polymerization bench in accordance with the present invention, suitable for locally heating a fiber support 10, in order to polymerize thermosetting resins 20 used for fixing an optical fiber 30, without heating the assembly of the assembly.
- the support 10 can for example be made of silica.
- the bench illustrated in Figure 1 is designed for bonding components integrated into optical fibers, on a substrate.
- the optical fiber 30 to be fixed is plated on the substrate 10.
- a drop of thermosetting resin 20 is placed on the substrate and coats the fiber 30.
- the resin 20 is polymerized by means of a laser 40.
- the beam 42 coming from the laser 40 may or may not be focused by a lens 44, on the resin 20.
- the localized absorption of the laser radiation by the support 10 causes the heating necessary to reach the polymerization temperature of the resin 20.
- the support 10 must have a sufficiently high thermal resistance to avoid thermal propagation in the support and thus avoid a general heating of the support 10, likely to be a source of disturbance for the optical function.
- metal substrates are to be banned.
- the substrate 10 can be produced for example based on ceramic or glass.
- the process according to the present invention uses a thermosetting resin as a fixing means and a polymerization thereof by laser heating. This process allows localized firing of the support to polymerize the glue without heating the entire support, a source of non-reproducible shift in wavelength.
- FIG. 2 shows the case of a temperature stabilization support 10, on which an optical fiber 30 is fixed at two points 32, 34, spaced along its length.
- the thermal stabilization function is provided by an assembly 10 whose coefficient of equivalent thermal expansion between the 2 fixing points 32 and 34, serves to counterbalance the thermal response of the filter integrated on the fiber 30.
- the support 10 consists of 2 elements 12, 16 formed using different materials.
- a first element 12 has the general shape of an L, comprising a base 13 provided at one end with a protrusion 14 on which is fixed a first zone of the fiber 30 at a point 32.
- the second element 16, fixed on the base 13, is generally symmetrical with the protrusion 14 and receives the fiber 30 at the second attachment point 34.
- the material composing the first element 12 has a lower coefficient of expansion than the material composing the second element 16.
- the material 16 can typically be aluminum, while the material
- the 12 is typically a material of low thermal expansion, for example a ceramic or a glass ceramic.
- thermosetting resin 32, 34 is deposited respectively on the protrusion 14 and on the element 16, the fiber under controlled traction is brought into contact with these drops of resin, then the resin 32, 34 is polymerized. More specifically, the drop 34 carried by the element 16 is polymerized first using any suitable means, then the drop 32 carried by the protrusion 14 is polymerized by localized heating with the laser, preferably a CO2 laser. The location of the heat source combined with the characteristic of the material
- the element 12 may be metallic, subject to depositing on this element 12, at the connection zone 32, a ceramic or glass plate (or equivalent) 18 (as has been illustrated in figure 3).
- a ceramic or glass plate (or equivalent) 18 as has been illustrated in figure 3. The results obtained are indicated, for the 2 types of assembly corresponding respectively to FIGS. 2 and 3, in tables 1 and 2 below.
- the support 10 can be formed from a piezoelectric material to allow tuning in wavelength by electrical control.
- the device comprises a support substrate 10 formed from a piezoelectric ceramic which carries an optical fiber 30 fixed to the substrate 10 by two drops of polymerized resin 32, 34.
- the fiber 30 being fixed at the 2 ends 32 and 34, when an electrical voltage is applied to the terminals of the cables 19 driving the piezo ceramic electric, the wavelength of the Bragg grating carried by the fiber 30 is shifted by mechanical traction.
- plates 18 of ceramic glass can be inserted between the bonding point 32, 34 and the piezo ceramic 10.
- FIG. 4 thus illustrates a device in accordance with the present invention comprising a support substrate 10 formed from a piezoelectric ceramic which carries two plates 18 of ceramic glass, which themselves carry an optical fiber 30 fixed on the plates 18 by two drops of polymerized resin 32, 34.
- the wavelength shift observed on a device according to the present invention thus formed of the type illustrated in FIG. 4, is in this case included in a range of 70 ⁇ m.
- the result is shown in Figure 5 in the form of a histogram.
- the present invention is not limited to the particular application variants described above, but can find application in general to all integrated components for which the axial stress on the fiber must be adjusted to a precise value.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE CONDITIONNEMENT DE COMPOSANT A FIBRES OPTIQUESMETHOD AND DEVICE FOR PACKAGING OPTICAL FIBER COMPONENT
La présente invention concerne le domaine des fibres optiques, et en particulier des fibres optiques comprenant des composants intégrés. Les fibres optiques comprenant des composants intégrés sont vouées à un grand développement et de nombreuses applications industrielles dans les années à venir.The present invention relates to the field of optical fibers, and in particular optical fibers comprising integrated components. Optical fibers with integrated components are destined for great development and many industrial applications in the years to come.
Ces composants sont voués notamment à jouer un rôle important en tant que capteur ou dans les réseaux de télécommunications [1]. Tout particulièrement de tels composants peuvent être utilisés sous forme de filtres fréquentiels, comme des réseaux de Bragg [2] ou de filtres pour lignes de transmission [3].These components are particularly destined to play an important role as a sensor or in telecommunications networks [1]. In particular, such components can be used in the form of frequency filters, such as Bragg gratings [2] or filters for transmission lines [3].
La plupart des dispositifs formés à base de fibres optiques incorporant des composants intégrés requièrent la fixation des fibres optiques sur un substrat support.Most devices formed from optical fibers incorporating integrated components require the fixing of optical fibers on a support substrate.
De nombreuses techniques de fixation ont été proposées à cette fin et ce domaine a déjà donné lieu à une littérature très abondante.Many fixation techniques have been proposed for this purpose and this field has already given rise to a very abundant literature.
Cependant aucune technique connue ne donne encore pleinement satisfaction.However, no known technique is yet fully satisfactory.
Les filtres à réseaux de Bragg ou les coupleurs sont des exemples de composants intégrés dans des fibres optiques. Pour de tels dispositifs, il est utile de recourir à un support de fibre dans le but, par exemple, de protéger un composant, de le stabiliser en température [4], [5], [6] ou d'accorder un filtre en longueur d'onde -Bragg grating filters or couplers are examples of components integrated into optical fibers. For such devices, it is useful to use a fiber support for the purpose, for example, of protecting a component, of stabilizing it in temperature [4], [5], [6] or of tuning a filter in wave length -
Différentes techniques de fixation de la fibre sur le support ont été proposées pour ces applications, telles qu'une fixation mécanique, un collage ou une brasure verre [8].Different techniques for fixing the fiber to the support have been proposed for these applications, such as mechanical fixing, bonding or glass brazing [8].
Cependant les fixations mécaniques sont difficiles à mettre en œuvre et limitent la taille minimale du composant.However, mechanical fasteners are difficult to implement and limit the minimum size of the component.
Quant à la brasure verre, elle nécessite un verre spécial dont le coefficient de dilatation est proche de la silice de la fibre avec une température de fusion inférieure à la silice. Cette technique est donc très contraignante.As for the glass brazing, it requires a special glass whose coefficient of expansion is close to the silica of the fiber with a melting temperature lower than the silica. This technique is therefore very restrictive.
L'homme de l'art sait en particulier que la longueur d'onde centrale d'un filtre fréquentiel doit être ajustée d'autant plus précisément que la largeur spectrale du filtre est étroite. Utilisé dans une ligne de transmission basée sur le multiplexage en longueur d'onde [9], un réseau de Bragg doit avoir une longueur d'onde précise à mieux que 50 pm. Cette précision doit prendre en compte la dérive thermique du filtre ou d'autres facteurs environnementaux. Les différentes étapes suivies par le réseau de Bragg lors de sa fabrication (inscription, effet de la diffusion d'hydrogène) ne permettent pas toujours d'obtenir un contrôle suffisamment précis de sa longueur d'onde. Chaque étape amène un décalage en longueur d'onde entaché d'une incertitude non négligeable. De ce fait l'homme de l'art sait qu'il est nécessaire d'ajuster la longueur d'onde du réseau de Bragg, en dernier lieu, lors de la fixation de la fibre optique intégrant le composant, sur un substrat.Those skilled in the art know in particular that the central wavelength of a frequency filter must be adjusted all the more precisely as the spectral width of the filter is narrow. Used in a transmission line based on wavelength multiplexing [9], a Bragg grating must have a precise wavelength better than 50 µm. This precision must take into account the thermal drift of the filter or other environmental factors. The different stages followed by the Bragg grating during its manufacture (registration, effect of the diffusion of hydrogen) do not always make it possible to obtain sufficiently precise control of its wavelength. Each step brings a shift in wavelength marred by a significant uncertainty. Therefore, those skilled in the art know that it is necessary to adjust the wavelength of the Bragg grating, lastly, when fixing the optical fiber integrating the component, on a substrate.
L'ajustement, lors de l'étape de fixation, d'un réseau de Bragg, s'appuie sur la réponse linéaire de la longueur d'onde avec une contrainte mécanique axiale. Une contrainte en traction de 1/1000 sur la fibre entraîne un décalage de la longueur d'onde de Bragg de +1,2 nm autour de 1,55 μm [2]. Une méthode connue pour réaliser cette opération d'ajustement, consiste à utiliser un support permettant de régler cette contrainte. La miniaturisation du support, de fait plus complexe, en est alors limitée.The adjustment, during the fixing step, of a Bragg grating, is based on the linear response of the wavelength with an axial mechanical stress. A tensile stress of 1/1000 on the fiber leads to a shift of the Bragg wavelength of +1.2 nm around 1.55 μm [2]. A known method for carrying out this adjustment operation consists in using a support making it possible to adjust this constraint. The miniaturization of the support, in fact more complex, is then limited.
Une autre méthode connue consiste à appliquer une contrainte avec un banc et à figer cette valeur de contrainte en utilisant de la colle sur le support ou tout autre moyen de fixation.Another known method consists in applying a stress with a bench and to freeze this stress value by using glue on the support or any other fixing means.
L'utilisation de résines époxydes thermodurcissables est courante, pour la fixation des fibres optiques, notamment pour cette application. Cependant, lors de la polymérisation par convection (four) ou conduction (plaque chauffante), le support et le banc, échauffés, se dilatent. Ceci amène à un décalage non reproductible de la longueur d'onde du filtre. Ce phénomène a été constaté lors du collage d'un réseau de Bragg sur un support de compensation en température ou sur un support piézoélectrique. Sur un support de compensation en température, l'écart type des décalages en longueur d'onde mesurés est de 97 pm. Cet écart type, obtenu par cuisson au four, est trop important pour assurer une visée précise en longueur d'onde. Plus généralement il a été constaté que le chauffage du support occasionné lors de la polymérisation des résines thermodurcissables utilisées pour la fixation des fibres optiques, peut modifier la fonction optique du composant et compliquer la manipulation des échantillons (supports à sortir d'un four par exemple). Pour ces raisons, les spécialistes ne sont pas satisfaits de nos jours des techniques connues de fixation de fibres, notamment à l'aide de résines thermodurcissables, et recherchent activement de nouvelles solutions.The use of thermosetting epoxy resins is common for fixing optical fibers, especially for this application. However, during polymerization by convection (oven) or conduction (hot plate), the support and the bench, heated, expand. This leads to a non-reproducible shift in the wavelength of the filter. This phenomenon was observed during bonding of a Bragg grating on a temperature compensation support or on a piezoelectric support. On a temperature compensation medium, the standard deviation of the measured wavelength offsets is 97 µm. This standard deviation, obtained by baking in the oven, is too large to ensure precise aiming at wavelength. More generally, it has been found that the heating of the support caused during the polymerization of the thermosetting resins used for fixing the optical fibers, can modify the optical function of the component and complicate the handling of the samples (supports taken out of an oven for example ). For these reasons, specialists today are not satisfied with the known techniques for fixing fibers, in particular using thermosetting resins, and are actively looking for new solutions.
La présente invention a maintenant pour but de proposer de nouveaux moyens permettant de fixer une fibre optique sur un substrat support pour améliorer les performances des dispositifs à base de fibres optiques, notamment de fibres optiques comportant des composants intégrés.The present invention now aims to propose new means for fixing an optical fiber on a support substrate to improve the performance of devices based on optical fibers, in particular optical fibers comprising integrated components.
Un but important de la présente invention est en particulier de proposer des moyens permettant de figer la longueur d'onde d'un réseau de Bragg à une valeur précise.An important aim of the present invention is in particular to propose means making it possible to freeze the wavelength of a Bragg grating at a precise value.
Les buts précités sont atteints dans le cadre de la présente invention, grâce à un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif à base de fibre optique, notamment d'une fibre optique comportant un composant intégré, consistant à : . déposer au moins une goutte de matériau thermoducissable sur une zone choisie d'un substrat support,The aforementioned aims are achieved within the framework of the present invention, by means of a method for manufacturing a device based on optical fiber, in particular an optical fiber comprising an integrated component, consisting in:. depositing at least one drop of thermosetting material on a chosen area of a support substrate,
. mettre en contact avec ce matériau thermoducissable, une zone choisie d'une fibre optique, et. bringing into contact with this thermosetting material, a chosen area of an optical fiber, and
. assurer la polymérisation du matériau, pour assurer la fixation de la fibre sur le substrat support, caractérisé par le fait que l'étape de polymérisation consiste à appliquer un faisceau laser localisé sur la goutte de matériau thermodurcissable.. ensuring the polymerization of the material, to ensure the fixing of the fiber on the support substrate, characterized in that the polymerization step consists in applying a localized laser beam to the drop of thermosetting material.
Comme on le précisera par la suite, l'utilisation d'un faisceau laser pour assurer la polymérisation, permet de limiter le chauffage à la goutte de matériau ou résine thermodurcissable et à son très proche environnement, et en particulier permet d'éviter un chauffage de l'ensemble du substrat support.As will be specified below, the use of a laser beam to ensure polymerization makes it possible to limit the heating by drop of thermosetting material or resin and to its very close environment, and in particular makes it possible to avoid heating. of the entire support substrate.
Le matériau thermodurcissable est avantageusement une résine époxyde. Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de la présente invention, le substrat support est formé en un matériau présentant une forte résistance thermique. La présente invention concerne également un système pour la mise en œuvre du procédé précité, ainsi que les dispositifs ainsi obtenus . D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, et en regard des dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et sur lesquels : . la figure 1 annexée représente un banc conforme à la présente invention, de fixation de fibre sur un substrat support par polymérisation d'une résine à l'aide d'un laser CO2,The thermosetting material is advantageously an epoxy resin. According to another advantageous characteristic of the present invention, the support substrate is formed from a material having a high thermal resistance. The present invention also relates to a system for implementing the above method, as well as the devices thus obtained. Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, and with reference to the appended drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and in which:. FIG. 1 appended represents a bench according to the present invention, for fixing fiber on a support substrate by polymerization of a resin using a CO2 laser,
. la figure 2 représente un dispositif conforme à la présente invention, comprenant un substrat support apte à assurer une compensation thermique d'un réseau de Bragg par assemblage à coefficient de dilatation résultant négatif, . la figure 3 réprésente un autre dispositif conforme à la présente invention fondé sur un support dont l'essentiel est inadapté pour une polymérisation par laser CO2, . la figure 4 représente une autre variante d'un dispositif conforme à la présente invention à l'aide d'un montage permettant un accord, par commande électrique, de la longueur d'onde d'un réseau de Bragg, et . la figure 5 représente un histogramme du décalage total de la longueur d'onde observé sur un dispositif conforme à la figure 4, après polymérisation de la résine époxyde.. FIG. 2 represents a device in accordance with the present invention, comprising a support substrate capable of providing thermal compensation for a Bragg grating by assembly with a negative expansion coefficient,. FIG. 3 shows another device in accordance with the present invention based on a support, most of which is unsuitable for polymerization by CO2 laser. FIG. 4 represents another variant of a device in accordance with the present invention using an arrangement allowing tuning, by electrical control, of the wavelength of a Bragg grating, and. FIG. 5 represents a histogram of the total shift of the wavelength observed on a device in accordance with FIG. 4, after polymerization of the epoxy resin.
On va décrire tout d'abord le procédé conforme à la présente invention en regard de la figure 1 annexée. On a représenté sur la figure 1 un banc de polymérisation conforme à la présente invention, adapté pour échauffer localement un support de fibre 10, afin de polymériser des résines thermodurcissables 20 utilisées pour la fixation d'une fibre optique 30, sans échauffer l'ensemble du montage. Le support 10 peut être par exemple en silice. Le banc illustré sur la figure 1 est conçu pour le collage de composants intégrés dans des fibres optiques, sur un substrat.We will first describe the process according to the present invention with reference to Figure 1 attached. FIG. 1 shows a polymerization bench in accordance with the present invention, suitable for locally heating a fiber support 10, in order to polymerize thermosetting resins 20 used for fixing an optical fiber 30, without heating the assembly of the assembly. The support 10 can for example be made of silica. The bench illustrated in Figure 1 is designed for bonding components integrated into optical fibers, on a substrate.
La fibre optique 30 à fixer est plaquée sur le substrat 10 . Une goutte de résine thermodurcissable 20 est placée sur le substrat et enrobe la fibre 30.The optical fiber 30 to be fixed is plated on the substrate 10. A drop of thermosetting resin 20 is placed on the substrate and coats the fiber 30.
Selon l'invention, la résine 20 est polymérisée au moyen d'un laser 40. Le faisceau 42 issu du laser 40 peut être ou non focalisé par une lentille 44, sur la résine 20. L'absorption localisée du rayonnement laser par le support 10 provoque réchauffement nécessaire pour atteindre la température de polymérisation de la résine 20.According to the invention, the resin 20 is polymerized by means of a laser 40. The beam 42 coming from the laser 40 may or may not be focused by a lens 44, on the resin 20. The localized absorption of the laser radiation by the support 10 causes the heating necessary to reach the polymerization temperature of the resin 20.
Le support 10 doit présenter une résistance thermique suffisamment importante pour éviter une propagation thermique dans le support et éviter ainsi un chauffage général du support 10, susceptible d'être source de perturbation pour la fonction optique.The support 10 must have a sufficiently high thermal resistance to avoid thermal propagation in the support and thus avoid a general heating of the support 10, likely to be a source of disturbance for the optical function.
Dans le cadre de la présente invention, les substrats métalliques sont à bannir. Le substrat 10 peut être réalisé par exemple à base de céramique ou verre.In the context of the present invention, metal substrates are to be banned. The substrate 10 can be produced for example based on ceramic or glass.
Les caractéristiques de ces matériaux, alliées à la taille réduite du spot laser 42, permettent ainsi d'échauffer localement le support 10.The characteristics of these materials, combined with the reduced size of the laser spot 42, thus make it possible to locally heat the support 10.
Pour donner un exemple, des essais ont été effectués avec une résine époxyde et un laser CO2 de longueur d'onde 10,6 μm. La puissance du laser a été réglée de manière à avoir une température de substrat de l'ordre de 250°C. La durée d'émission laser était de 1 minute. Une analyse par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage a montré une température de transition vitreuse supérieure à 150°C.To give an example, tests were carried out with an epoxy resin and a CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6 μm. The power of the laser was adjusted so as to have a substrate temperature of the order of 250 ° C. The laser emission time was 1 minute. Analysis by differential scanning calorimetry showed a glass transition temperature above 150 ° C.
On va maintenant décrire, en regard des figures 2 et suivantes, des variantes de mise en œuvre conformes à la présente invention permettant de figer avec précision la longueur d'onde d'un réseau de Bragg sans augmenter la complexité du support de fibre.We will now describe, with reference to FIGS. 2 and following, implementation variants in accordance with the present invention making it possible to freeze with precision the wavelength of a Bragg grating without increasing the complexity of the fiber support.
Là encore comme indiqué précédemment, le procédé conforme à la présente invention, met en œuvre une résine thermodurcissable comme moyen de fixation et une polymérisation de celle-ci par chauffage au laser. Ce procédé permet une cuisson localisée du support pour polymériser la colle sans échauffer tout le support, source de décalage non reproductible de la longueur d'ondeAgain as indicated above, the process according to the present invention uses a thermosetting resin as a fixing means and a polymerization thereof by laser heating. This process allows localized firing of the support to polymerize the glue without heating the entire support, a source of non-reproducible shift in wavelength.
La figure 2 présente le cas d'un support 10 de stabilisation en température, sur lequel une fibre optique 30 est fixée en deux points 32, 34, espacés sur sa longueur. La fonction de stabilisation thermique est assurée par un montage 10 dont le coefficient de dilatation thermique équivalent entre les 2 points de fixation 32 et 34, sert à contrebalancer la réponse thermique du filtre intégré sur la fibre 30. Pour cela, le support 10 est constitué de 2 éléments 12, 16 formés à l'aide de matériaux différents.FIG. 2 shows the case of a temperature stabilization support 10, on which an optical fiber 30 is fixed at two points 32, 34, spaced along its length. The thermal stabilization function is provided by an assembly 10 whose coefficient of equivalent thermal expansion between the 2 fixing points 32 and 34, serves to counterbalance the thermal response of the filter integrated on the fiber 30. For this, the support 10 consists of 2 elements 12, 16 formed using different materials.
Un premier élément 12 a la forme général d'un L, comprenant une base 13 munie à une extrémité d'une excroissance 14 sur laquelle est fixée une première zone de la fibre 30 en un point 32. Le second élément 16, fixé sur la base 13, est globalement symétrique de l'excroissance 14 et reçoit la fibre 30 au niveau du second point de fixation 34.A first element 12 has the general shape of an L, comprising a base 13 provided at one end with a protrusion 14 on which is fixed a first zone of the fiber 30 at a point 32. The second element 16, fixed on the base 13, is generally symmetrical with the protrusion 14 and receives the fiber 30 at the second attachment point 34.
Le matériau composant le premier élément 12 possède un coefficient de dilatation inférieur au matériau composant le second élément 16. Le matériau 16 peut être typiquement de l'aluminium, tandis que le matériauThe material composing the first element 12 has a lower coefficient of expansion than the material composing the second element 16. The material 16 can typically be aluminum, while the material
12 est typiquement un matériau de faible dilatation thermique, par exemple une céramique ou une vitro-céramique.12 is typically a material of low thermal expansion, for example a ceramic or a glass ceramic.
Pour fixer une fibre 30 sur le support 10 ainsi formé, on dépose une goutte de résine thermodurcissable 32, 34 respectivement sur l'excroissance 14 et sur l'élément 16, la fibre sous traction contrôlée est mise en contact avec ces gouttes de résine, puis la résine 32, 34 est polymérisée. Plus précisément la goutte 34 portée par l'élément 16 est polymérisée en premier à l'aide de tout moyen approprié, puis la goutte 32 portée par l'excroissance 14 est polymérisée grâce à un chauffage localisé au laser, de préférence un laser CO2. La localisation de la source de chaleur alliée à la caractéristique du matériauTo fix a fiber 30 on the support 10 thus formed, a drop of thermosetting resin 32, 34 is deposited respectively on the protrusion 14 and on the element 16, the fiber under controlled traction is brought into contact with these drops of resin, then the resin 32, 34 is polymerized. More specifically, the drop 34 carried by the element 16 is polymerized first using any suitable means, then the drop 32 carried by the protrusion 14 is polymerized by localized heating with the laser, preferably a CO2 laser. The location of the heat source combined with the characteristic of the material
12 permet de polymériser la colle 32 sans quasiment modifier la contrainte appliquée sur la fibre 30.12 makes it possible to polymerize the adhesive 32 without practically modifying the stress applied to the fiber 30.
Lorsque lors de l'utilisation ultérieure, la température augmente, l'écart X entre les 2 points de fixation 32, 34 diminue. La fibre 30, fixée sous traction, est alors relâchée afin de compenser la dérive thermique du filtre. Ce dernier est inscrit dans la fibre 30 entre les points 32 et 34.When during subsequent use, the temperature increases, the difference X between the 2 fixing points 32, 34 decreases. The fiber 30, fixed under tension, is then released in order to compensate for the thermal drift of the filter. The latter is entered in fiber 30 between points 32 and 34.
En variante, l'essentiel de l'élément 12 peut être métallique, sous réserve de déposer sur cet élément 12, au niveau de la zone de liaison 32, une plaquette de céramique ou verre (ou équivalent) 18 (comme on l'a illustré sur la figure 3). Les résultats obtenus sont indiqués, pour les 2 types de montage correspondant respectivement aux figures 2 et 3, dans les tableaux 1 et 2 suivants. Alternatively, most of the element 12 may be metallic, subject to depositing on this element 12, at the connection zone 32, a ceramic or glass plate (or equivalent) 18 (as has been illustrated in figure 3). The results obtained are indicated, for the 2 types of assembly corresponding respectively to FIGS. 2 and 3, in tables 1 and 2 below.
Selon une autre variante conforme à la présente invention, le support 10 peut être formé d'un matériau piézo-électrique pour permettre un accord en longueur d'onde par commande électrique.According to another variant in accordance with the present invention, the support 10 can be formed from a piezoelectric material to allow tuning in wavelength by electrical control.
Dans ce cas le dispositif comprend un substrat support 10 formé d'une céramique piezo-électrique qui porte une fibre optique 30 fixée sur le substrat 10 par deux gouttes de résine 32, 34 polymérisée.In this case, the device comprises a support substrate 10 formed from a piezoelectric ceramic which carries an optical fiber 30 fixed to the substrate 10 by two drops of polymerized resin 32, 34.
La fibre 30 étant fixée aux 2 extrémités 32 et 34, lorsqu'une tension électrique est appliquée aux bornes des câbles 19 pilotant la céramique piézo- électrique, la longueur d'onde du réseau de Bragg porté par la fibre 30 se décale par traction mécanique.The fiber 30 being fixed at the 2 ends 32 and 34, when an electrical voltage is applied to the terminals of the cables 19 driving the piezo ceramic electric, the wavelength of the Bragg grating carried by the fiber 30 is shifted by mechanical traction.
Une polymérisation, par convection, selon la technique classique connue de l'homme de l'art, des gouttes de résine 32, 34, conduirait à réchauffement de la céramique piezo 10 préjudiciable pour la longueur d'onde en raison de la dilatation et de l'effet pyroélectrique. Le décalage en longueur d'onde observé après polymérisation classique selon l'état de la technique, sur 17 échantillons, va de +220 à +460 pm.A polymerization, by convection, according to the conventional technique known to those skilled in the art, of the resin drops 32, 34, would lead to heating of the piezo ceramic 10 which is detrimental for the wavelength due to the expansion and the pyroelectric effect. The wavelength shift observed after conventional polymerization according to the state of the art, on 17 samples, ranges from +220 to +460 μm.
En revanche l'utilisation d'un laser pour polymériser les gouttes de résine 32, 34, comme préconisé dans le cadre de la présente invention, permet de localiser la cuisson pour polymériser la résine sans échauffer le support 10.On the other hand, the use of a laser to polymerize the drops of resin 32, 34, as recommended in the context of the present invention, makes it possible to locate the firing to polymerize the resin without heating the support 10.
Pour l'isolation thermique, des plaquettes 18 en vitro-céramique peuvent être insérées entre le point de collage 32, 34 et la céramique piezo 10.For thermal insulation, plates 18 of ceramic glass can be inserted between the bonding point 32, 34 and the piezo ceramic 10.
On a ainsi illustré sur la figure 4 un dispositif conforme à la présente invention comprenant un substrat support 10 formé d'une céramique piezo- électrique qui porte deux plaquettes 18 en vitro-céramique, lesquelles portent elles- mêmes une fibre optique 30 fixée sur les plaquettes 18 par deux gouttes de résine 32, 34 polymérisée.FIG. 4 thus illustrates a device in accordance with the present invention comprising a support substrate 10 formed from a piezoelectric ceramic which carries two plates 18 of ceramic glass, which themselves carry an optical fiber 30 fixed on the plates 18 by two drops of polymerized resin 32, 34.
Le décalage en longueur d'onde observé sur un dispositif conforme à la présente invention ainsi formé du type illustré sur la figure 4, est dans ce cas compris dans une fourchette de 70 pm. Le résultat est indiqué figure 5 sous forme d'histogramme.The wavelength shift observed on a device according to the present invention thus formed of the type illustrated in FIG. 4, is in this case included in a range of 70 μm. The result is shown in Figure 5 in the form of a histogram.
Bien entendu la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation particuliers qui viennent d'être décrits, mais s'étend à toutes variantes conformes à son esprit.Of course the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments which have just been described, but extends to all variants in accordance with its spirit.
En particulier la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux variantes d'application particulières, précédemment décrites, mais peut trouver application de façon générale à tous composants intégrés pour lesquels la contrainte axiale sur la fibre doit être ajustée à une valeur précise.In particular, the present invention is not limited to the particular application variants described above, but can find application in general to all integrated components for which the axial stress on the fiber must be adjusted to a precise value.
Références citées [1] L'Usine Nouvelle n°2641 du 14/05/98, rubrique « Télécommunications ». [2] Kersey A.D., Davis M.A., Patrick H.J., LeBlanc M., Koo K.P., Askins C.G.,References cited [1] L'Usine Nouvelle n ° 2641 dated 14/05/98, section "Telecommunications". [2] Kersey AD, Davis MA, Patrick HJ, LeBlanc M., Koo KP, Askins CG,
Putnam M. A., Friebele E.J., "Fiber grating sensors", J. of Lightwave Tech, vol.15, no8 (1997).Putnam M. A., Friebele E.J., "Fiber grating sensors", J. of Lightwave Tech, vol.15, no8 (1997).
[3] Mizrahi N., Erdogan T., DiGiovanni D.J., Lemaire P.J., MacDonald W.M., Kosinski S. G., Cabot S. , Sipe J.E., « Four channel fibre grating démultiplexer »,[3] Mizrahi N., Erdogan T., DiGiovanni D.J., Lemaire P.J., MacDonald W.M., Kosinski S. G., Cabot S., Sipe J.E., "Four channel fiber grating demultiplexer",
Electron. Let. 30(10),p7810-781 (1994).Electron. Let. 30 (10), p7810-781 (1994).
[4] US 5042898.[4] US 5042898.
[5] US 6044189.[5] US 6044189.
[6] Yoffe et al., « Passive temperature-compensating package for optical fiber gratings », Applied Optics 34(30), pp 6859-6861.[6] Yoffe et al., “Passive temperature-compensating package for optical fiber gratings”, Applied Optics 34 (30), pp 6859-6861.
[7] Quetel L. , "Etude et réalisation de dispositifs actifs ou passifs utilisant des réseaux de Bragg photinscrits dans des fibres optiques monomodes", Thèse de doctorat, p.157, 1997.[7] Quetel L., "Study and production of active or passive devices using Bragg gratings photinscribed in single-mode optical fibers", Doctoral thesis, p.157, 1997.
[8] US 5 500 917 et US 5 682 453. [9] « La transmission multicolore fait exploser les débits », L'Usine Nouvelle, no[8] US 5,500,917 and US 5,682,453. [9] "Multicolored transmission makes data speeds explode", L'Usine Nouvelle, no
2631, 03/05/98. 2631, 05/03/98.
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU74140/01A AU7414001A (en) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-29 | Method and device for encapsulating an optical fibre component |
EP01940619A EP1290478A1 (en) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-29 | Method and device for encapsulating an optical fibre component |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0006826A FR2809500B1 (en) | 2000-05-29 | 2000-05-29 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PACKAGING FIBER OPTIC COMPONENT |
FR00/06826 | 2000-05-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001092936A1 true WO2001092936A1 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
Family
ID=8850706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2001/001655 WO2001092936A1 (en) | 2000-05-29 | 2001-05-29 | Method and device for encapsulating an optical fibre component |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1290478A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU7414001A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2809500B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001092936A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6340868A (en) * | 1986-08-05 | 1988-02-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Optical integration spectrum analyser |
EP0428049A2 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-05-22 | Fujitsu Limited | Connecting method between waveguide substrate and optical fiber |
US5042898A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Incorporated Bragg filter temperature compensated optical waveguide device |
US5402511A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1995-03-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of forming an improved tapered waveguide by selectively irradiating a viscous adhesive resin prepolymer with ultra-violet light |
US5682453A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1997-10-28 | Gould Electronics Inc. | Method of securing optical fiber components, devices and fibers to the same or to mounting fixtures |
US6044189A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2000-03-28 | Micron Optics, Inc. | Temperature compensated fiber Bragg gratings |
-
2000
- 2000-05-29 FR FR0006826A patent/FR2809500B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-05-29 EP EP01940619A patent/EP1290478A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-29 WO PCT/FR2001/001655 patent/WO2001092936A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-05-29 AU AU74140/01A patent/AU7414001A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6340868A (en) * | 1986-08-05 | 1988-02-22 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Optical integration spectrum analyser |
EP0428049A2 (en) * | 1989-11-08 | 1991-05-22 | Fujitsu Limited | Connecting method between waveguide substrate and optical fiber |
US5042898A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Incorporated Bragg filter temperature compensated optical waveguide device |
US5402511A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1995-03-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of forming an improved tapered waveguide by selectively irradiating a viscous adhesive resin prepolymer with ultra-violet light |
US5682453A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1997-10-28 | Gould Electronics Inc. | Method of securing optical fiber components, devices and fibers to the same or to mounting fixtures |
US6044189A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2000-03-28 | Micron Optics, Inc. | Temperature compensated fiber Bragg gratings |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 249 (P - 730) 14 July 1988 (1988-07-14) * |
Also Published As
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EP1290478A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
FR2809500A1 (en) | 2001-11-30 |
AU7414001A (en) | 2001-12-11 |
FR2809500B1 (en) | 2003-09-26 |
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