WO2001092285A1

WO2001092285A1 - Novel oligonucleotide compounds having pyrrolizine derivatives, processes fro preparing them, compositions containing them and uses thereof in treatment, diagnosis and analysis of gene-related diseases

Info

Publication number: WO2001092285A1
Application number: PCT/KR2001/000925
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jinsuk Woo; Euibok Lee; Younjung Kwon
Original assignee: Genechem Inc.
Priority date: 2000-05-31
Filing date: 2001-05-31
Publication date: 2001-12-06
Also published as: AU2001262773A1; KR20010108722A

Abstract

Disclosed is a novel compound, represented by formula (1), in which oligonucleotide or analogue thereof that is capable of bonding with genes (DNA or RNA) site-specifically has pyrrolizine derivatives that form covalent bonding with specified base groups of the genes (DNA or RNA) and a process for preparing the same. Also, the present invention relates to a use of the compound in wide range, as site-specifically target substances in fields related of treatment diagnosis and analysis of gene-related diseases. Formula (1) wherein, R1, X, X', Y and n are as defined in the description.

Description

NOVEL OLIGONUCLEOTIDE COMPOUNDS HAVING PYRROLIZINE

DERIVATIVES, PROCESSES FOR PREPARING THEM, COMPOSITIONS

CONTAINING THEM AND USES THEREOF TN TREATMENT, DIADNOSIS AND

ANALYSIS OF GENE-RELATED DISEASES

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention generally relates to a novel compound, represented by formula 1 below, in which oligonucleotide or analogue thereof, capable of bonding with genes (DNA or RNA) site-specifically, has pyrrolizine derivatives capable of bonding covalently with specific base groups of the genes (DNA or RNA) and a process for preparing the same. Also, the present invention relates to a use of the compound in wide range, as a site-specific gene targeting agents in fields related with treatment, diagnosis and analysis of gene-related diseases. [Formula 1]

oligonucleotide analogue

wherein, Ri represents C o alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, or C₃-C₆ alkenyl or phenyl;

X and X' are the same or different and represent respectively, hydroxy, substituted or non-substituted alkylthio, substituted or non-substituted silyloxy, or -OR, wherein R represents substituted or non-substituted alkyl, substituted or non-substituted phenyl, or substituted or non-substituted carbamate;

Y is a functional group including oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) or sulfur (S); and n is 0 to 10 and it indicates the length of a linker between oligonucleotide analogue and pyrrolizine derivative.

To describe the present invention in detail, the novel compounds are composed in the structure linked together with oligonucleotide unit capable of bonding with specific gene site-specifically and pyrrolizine derivative unit, in which more particularly, the pyrrolizine derivatives are composed of functional group Y including linker being linked with the oligonucleotide analogue, and body including functional groups X and X^' capable of bonding covalently with the gene.

Accordingly, the compounds, represented by the formula 1, which are complex of oligonucleotide analogue and pyrrolizine derivatives can be applied in related fields such as medical industry including treatment, diagnosis and analysis of gene-related diseases, and biotechnology.

BACKGROUND ART

Oligonucleotides, which are capable of bonding with genes (DNA or RNA) site-specifically, inhibit the expression of the target genes, such that they have their highly potential possibility in developing a selective remedial agent. For example, synthetic genes can selectively combine with specific mRNA in cells, which results in inhibiting relevant protein synthesis, thereby the method for curing the related diseases is becoming to be an exemplary method for treating genes. In concrete explanation, the development ^• of remedial agent using above synthetic genes, which is called antisense is being widely utilized in treatment of virus, bacteria and cancer (References: Uhlmann et al., Chemical Reviews, 90 (4), 543 (1990); Crooke, Ciba Found Symp, 209, 158 (1997)).

However, the conventional antisense treatment has a lot of defects in aspect of the efficiency. The worst of above defects is that binding force between the antisense and mRNA is so weak, so that a large quantity of the antisense should be administered inevitably to lower the function of the mRNA at the desired level, of which the condition would cause big problems in two aspects. Firstly, manufacturing cost of the synthetic genes is much higher than that of the other conventional medicines. Therefore, for the economical aspect, all energies are put on the development of the method that induces the desired antisense effect by only using a little amount of the synthetic genes. Secondly, if the large quantity of the synthetic genes is administered, a variety of undesirable reactions in the body such as poisoning could be occurred.

Accordingly, lots of efforts are exerted to compensate above problems. One of them is a method of enhancing the binding force between antisense and mRNA by adhering gene alkylating agents on the antisense. The first experiment using above principal was executed by B. R. Baker in 1967 (Reference: Design of Active-Site-Directed Irreversible Enzyme Inhibitors, Willy, New York (1967)). After then, many trials were occasionally published as stated below.

Knorr and Vlassov created gene targeting agents in which N-(2-chloroethyl)- N-methylaniline group was bound at the end of the synthetic genes (Reference: Prog. Nucl. Acid Res. Mol. Biol., 32, 291 (1985)).

Miller et al. made antisenses on which psoralens were adhered and suggested that they were activated by UV rays and bonded covalently with the target genes (Reference: Antisense Res. Dev. 4, 231 (1994)). Meyer showed that the synthetic genes bound with alpha-halocarbonyl groups were reacting with genes site-specifically (Reference: I. Am. Chem. Soc. Ill, 8617 (1989)).

Lukhtanov prepared the synthetic genes on which cyclopropapyrrolo indole groups were adhered and showed that they were bonded covalently with specific region of the target genes (References: /. Am. Chem. Soc, 119, 6214 (1997)). Contemporary, Tomasz and Kohn announced that the efficacy of the anti-sense was superior to that of the conventional one by adhering mytomycin on the synthetic genes, which was an anticancer drug and also a gene-reactive substance (References: Bioconjugate Chem., 7, 541 (1996); Bioconjugate Chem., 7, 659 (1996)).

The anti-senses including gene-reactive substance, mentioned on above examples, were practically proved to be superior in their effects to those of the conventional ones by various experiments, however, they have been not thoroughly applied in the related field, beside for the study, due to their problems in the reactivity of the gene-reactive substances and synthesis costs. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Hence, in order to overcome above problems, through diversified studies, we have found that novel compounds of the present invention, wherein the synthetic genes were linked with pyrrolizine family, showed their highly superior effects to those of the conventional ones.

In particular, the pyrrolizine derivatives, the gene-reactive substance used in the present invention are apt to control the synthesis and reactivity in simple manner and also are efficiently bound with oligonucleotides or their analogues. Accordingly, the compounds of the present invention represented by the formula 1, obtained by aforementioned process can be operable for mass-production and also can be purified. Thereby, it is expected that as a site-specific gene targeting agents, they could be practically applied in related fields having the purpose of treatment, diagnosis and analysis of gene-related diseases.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel compound represented by the formula 1, in which oligonucleotide or analogue thereof, capable of bonding with genes (DNA or RNA) site-specifically, is linked with pyrrolizine derivatives capable of bonding covalently with specific base groups of the genes (DNA or RNA).

It is another object of the present invention to provide a novel process for preparing the compound represented by the formula 1. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a use of treatment, diagnosis or analysis of gene-related diseases by linking the compound of the invention with target gene.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a therapeutic composition for curing gene related diseases which comprises the compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, especially an anticancer agent.

It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a method for analyzing the desired gene easily and efficiently by using the compound of the present invention when detecting the targeted gene.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Further objects and advantages of the invention can be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a graph showing HPLC chromatographically results of a compound of example 1 before (A) and after (B) purification,

Fig. 2 is a graph showing UV spectrum in which the upper part is a UV spectrum of the compound of example 1 and the lower part is that of general DNA,

Fig. 3 is a HPLC tracking graph on hydrolysate of a compound of example 2,

Fig. 4 is a DPAGE photograph of the compound (lane 1) of example 2 and a compound (lane 2) of example 3, respectively cross-linked with target DNA Bcl2-1, and target DNA Be 12-1 (lane 3),

Fig. 5 is a graph showing cytotoxicity of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(ODN) in vitro on cellule lung cancer cell lines derived from a human body, H69, H82 and N417.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to novel compounds of the following formula 1, their salts or solvates, wherein the oligonucleotide or analogue thereof, capable of bonding with the genes (DNA or RNA) site-specifically is coupled with the pyrrolizine derivatives capable of bonding covalently with specific base groups of the genes (DNA or RNA). [Formula 1]

oligonucleotide analogue

wherein, Ri represents CrC₁₀ alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, or C₃-C₆ alkenyl or phenyl; X and X' are the same or different and represent respectively, hydroxy, substituted or non-substituted alkylthio, substituted or non-substituted silyloxy, or -OR, wherein R represents substituted or non-substituted alkyl, substituted or non-substituted phenyl, or substituted or non-substituted carbamate; Y is a functional group including oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) or sulfur (S); and n has the range from 0 to 10 and it indicates the length of a linker between oligonucleotide analogue and pyrrolizine derivative.

The preferable compounds of the invention are oligonucleotides or analogues thereof coupled with pyrrolizine derivatives, their salts or solvates, wherein Ri is -C₃ alkyl group, X and X' represent hydroxy, substituted or non-substituted short chain alkoxy, short chain alkylthio, substituted silyloxy, substituted or non-substituted phenoxy, substituted or non-substituted O-trityl, or substituted or non-substituted carbamate, Y represents oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, and n is 0-6.

The more preferable compounds of the invention are oligonucleotides or their analogues linked with pyrrolizine derivatives, their salts or solvates, wherein R_t is Ci-C₃ straight chain alkyl, X and X' represent hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, benzyloxy, methylthio, ethylthio, trimethylsilyloxy, t-butyldimethylsilyloxy, phenoxy, O-halophenyl, O-toluyl,

O-cresol, O-trityl, O-4,4'-dimethoxytrityl or isopropylcarbamate, Y is oxygen, and n is 1-6.

The particularly preferable compound of the present invention is a compound of the following formula 2. [Formula 2]

analogue

wherein, Ri represents - o alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆ alkenyl or phenyl group, R₇ represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl, benzyl, carbonyl or carbamate and n is 0-6.

Particularly, the preferable compounds of the invention are showed as follows. 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)p henyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(methoxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)p henyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(ethoxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)ph enyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(benzyloxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino )phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydiO-6,7-bis(phenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyιτolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino) phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues, 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-fluorophenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymeth ylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-chlorophenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymeth ylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-iodophenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethyl amino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyriOlizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxyme thylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-toluyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamin o)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues, 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(dimethoxytrityl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymeth ylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(isopropyloxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylami no)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-bis(isopropylcarbamate)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'- (ethyloxymethylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues, 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(hexyloxymethylamino)p henyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(ethoxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(hexyloxymethylamino)ph enyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues, 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(butyloxymethyl amino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(ethoxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(butyloxymethylamino)ph enyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(butyloxymethylamino) phenyl] -O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxyme thylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues, 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-chlorophenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymeth ylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide or their analogues,

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-bis(isopropylcarbamate)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'- (ethyloxymethylamino)phenyl] -O-oligonucleotide or their analogues, their salts, or solvates. In the compounds of this invention, oligonucleotides are a general term for all antisense oligonucleotides or their analogues site-specifically bound targeted gene. Herein, it has been known that oligonucleotide refers to as structure which a series of nucleotides are connected by phosphate ester bond. In this case, each nucleotide comprises pentose attached to heterocyclic base. A naturally occurring base is guanine, adenine, cytosin, thymin and uracil, and their analogues as bases in the oligonucleotide of the invention can be also included.

Also, pentose sugar herein refers to a naturally occurring ribose, deoxyribose and sugar derivatives thereof. Skeletonal structure connecting nucleotide in the present invention can include monophosphate, alkylphosphate, alkenephosphate, phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, peptide bond and analogues thereof as well as naturally occurring phosphate ester bond.

As oligonucleotides in the present invention, all naturally obtaining or artificially synthesized oligonucleotides or analogues thereof can be used to form site-specific binding with targeted gene. Hereinafter, the present invention is described in detail.

Novel compound of this invention has the structure connected an oligonucleotide fragment with pyrrolizine derivative fragment site-specifically bound specific gene.

In detail, the pyrrolizine derivatives comprise the entity containing functional groups X and X' forming covalent bonding with specific base of gene and functional group Y containing a linker being bound to the oligonucleotide derivatives

The pyrrolizine derivatives used in this invention have functional structure forming covalent bonding with specific base of gene and further characteristics controlled easily in synthesis and reactivity compared to other gene reactive substances. Therefore, the complexes of the pyrrolizine derivatives and oligonucleotides of this invention bind to specific gene efficiently compared to the conventional analogue compounds, and can be used extensively in the related fields containing treatment, diagnosis and analysis of gene-related diseases as a gene attack substance (site-specific nucleic acid alkylating agents) to make mass production and purification possible.

Therefore, this invention provides novel compounds for the above formula 1, their salts or solvates having pyrrolizine derivatives covalently bonded with the specific base of the gene (DNA or RNA) on oligonucleotides or analogues thereof site-specifically bound the gene (DNA or RNA).

The representative compounds of this invention are showed as following formula 3 [Formula 3]

oligonucleotide analogue

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)p henyl] -O-oligonucleotide compound above showed in experiment that the efficiency in attacking the targeted gene site-specifically is remarkably excellent and the stability of the compound is also comparatively excellent. [Formula 4]

nucleotide analogue

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino) phenyl] -O-Oligonucleotide compound above can be produced on a large scale using nucleic acid synthesizer by lowering reactivity after substituting unstable hydroxy group with dimethoxytrityl group since some compound of the formula 3 may have high reactivity. This compound can be also easily converted to the compound of the formula 3 followed by synthesis and purification [Formula 5]

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxyme thylamino)phenyl] -O-oligonucleotide compound. [Formula 6]

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-chlorophenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymeth ylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide compound. [Formula 7]

ide analogue

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(benzyloxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino )phenyl] -O-oligonucleotide compound. [Formula 8]

nucleotide analogue

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(ethoxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)ph enyl]-O-oligonucleotide compound. [Formula 9]

analogue

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-bis(isopropylcarbamate)-lH-pyπOlizine-5-[4'- (ethyloxymethylamino)phenyl] -O-oligonucleotide compound. The present invention also provides processes for preparing oligonucleotide compounds having pyrrolizine derivatives of the formula 1

In details, a process of the present invention comprises the steps of:

1) obtaining a pyrrolizine compound having various reactivity by using dimethyl 2,3-dihydro-lH-pyrrolizine-6,7-dicarboxylate having substitutent at the fifth site; 2) converting the compound obtained in the step 1 to suitable structure to bind with oligonucleotide;

3) attaching again the compound converted in the step 2 to oligonucleotide by using nucleic acid synthesizer and so on to prepare the compound having structure of the formula 1. In more details, the process of the invention comprises the steps of:

1) preparing a compound of the formula 11 by reacting dimethyl 2,3-dihydro-lH-pyrrolizine-6,7-dicarboxylate derivative of a compound of formula 10 with sodium methoxide (Na⁺MeO^~) (refer to reaction formula 1); [Reaction formula 1]

10 11

(hereinafter, R₈ represents methyl, ethyl or propyl and n is 0-6)

2) preparing a compound of formula 12 by protecting hydroxy group in the compound of formula 11 with t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (TBDMSiCl) (refer to reaction formula 2);

[Reaction formula 2]

11 12

3) preparing a compound of formula 13 by reducing the compound of formula 12 in the presence of catalyst having proper reactivity such as lithium aluminiumhydride (LiAlE (refer to reaction formula 3); [Reaction formula 3]

12 13

4a) preparing a compound of formula 14 by reacting hydroxy group in the compound of formula 13 with acid anhydride (refer to reaction formula 4a; since the compound of the formula 13 is very reactive, attention should be required during its storage); [Reaction formula 4a]

(wherein, R is alkyl group)

4b) preparing a compound of the formula 15 by reacting ester releasing group in the compound of the formula 14 with nucleophile (refer to reaction formula 4b); or [Reaction formula 4b]

14 15

(wherein, in nucleophiles R₁₀S^" and Rι₀O^", R₁₀ represents substituted or non-substituted alkyl or phenyl, and hereinafter X and X' are as defined in claim 1)

5) preparing directly the compound of the formula 15 having new functional groups X and X' by using hydroxy group in the compound of the formula 13 as nucleophile (refer to reaction formula 5); [Reaction formula 5]

15 15 (wherein, alkyl halide represents alkyl bromide, alkyl iodide or alkyl chloride including benzyl bromide, DMTrCl and etc.)

6) converting the compound of the formula 15 to a compound of the formula 16 using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (refer to reaction formula 6a); [Reaction formula 6a]

15 16

6b) controlling the linker length to combine easily the compound of the formula 16 with synthetic gene as the occasion demands (refer to reaction formula 6b); [Reaction formula 6b]

16 (Wherein, m and n are preferably 0-6)

7) preparing a pyrrolizine phospoamidite of a compound of the formula 18 by reacting the compound of the formula 16 with 2-cyanoethyl N,N'-diisopropylchloro phosphoamidite (refer to reaction formula 7); [Reaction formula 7]

6 18

8) preparing a compound of the formula 19 by coupling the compound of the formula 18 with synthetic gene in nucleic acid synthesizer (refer to reaction formula 8). [Reaction formula 8]

18 1

At the step 8, the compound of the formula 18 is linked with the end 5'- or 3'- of the synthetic gene in the last step of the synthesis if using nucleic acid synthesizer, which is commonly utilized, such that the complex of pyrrolizine derivative and oligonucleotide according to the present invention is easily prepared.

As described above, the compounds of the invention have remarkable remedial value for site-specific combining capability toward targeted gene if used in the treatment and diagnosis of gene-related disease as gene attack substance.

In addition, the compounds of the invention, which have the site specifically reacting characteristic with the gene having complementary genetic information, can be used in the related field for analyzing and detecting the specific gene having single or double strands. Therefore, this invention provides uses of the compound of the formula 1 and compositions containing them as an active ingredient in treatment, diagnosis and analysis of gene-related diseases.

Herein, the gene-related diseases are various kinds of diseases, for example cancer, tumor, hepatitis, all sorts of viruses such as AIDS, and bacteria diseases, induced by expression of specific gene.

The present invention is in details described by the following examples, but as the following examples are embodiments of the invention, the scope and boundary of the invention are not restricted to them.

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethyl- amino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide derivatives

(Step 1) synthesis of dimethyl-2,3-dihvdro-5-^r4'-(β -hvdroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl1

- lH-p yrrolizine -6,7-dicarboxylate 12.88 g of dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -acetoxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-lH- pyrrolizine-6,7-dicarboxylate was dissolved in 200 m0 of methanol. Then, 2.52 g of sodium methoxide (Na^' vIeO^") was added. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours, the completion of the reaction was checked using TLC.

Hexane/ethyl acetate solvent mixture in the ratio of 1:1 was used as developing solvent of TLC. R_f value of starting material and final material was 0.5 and 0.15, repectively. 5% NaHCO₃ aqueous solution of 500 m& and CH₂C1₂ of 500 m^β were added to the reaction mixture obtained in the above procedures and stirred thoroughly, and then the desired final product was extracted in CH₂C1₂ layer. Organic solvent layer containing the final product was treated with aqueous solution saturated with sodium chloride, finally dried over using anhydrous Na₂SO and concentrated under vacuum. 11.73 g of the desired compound, obtained from the above procedures, was used for the next reaction without further purification.

1H NMR(CDC1₃) δ 2.36 (s, 2H, C2), 2.85 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.96 (s, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.3 (s, H6, OCH₃), 3.47 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.72 (t, 2H, C_β ), 3.89 (t, 2H, C3), 4.25 (s, 2H, C7'), 4.38 (s, 2H, C6'), 4.86 (s, 1H, OH), 6.78 (d, 2H, Ph-Hb), 7.2 (d, 2H, Ph-Ha).

(Step 2) Synthesis of dimethyl-2,3-dihvdro-5-[4'-(β -t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethylmethyl amino)phenyl]-lH-pyrrolizine-6,7-dicarboxylate

12.87 g of dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-lH- pyrrolizine-6,7-dicarboxylate (12.87g), obtained from the step 1, was dissolved in 60 mϋ of DMF. Then, 7.8 g of TBDMSiCl and 7.5 g of imidazole were added and stirred thoroughly. After confirming that one hour later, the initial compound was totally converted to the desired compound, the reaction was terminated by adding 300 r δ of 5% NaHCO₃ aqueous solution. The desired material was extracted with CH C1₂ (2 x 300 τιϋ), then treated with aqueous solution saturated with sodium chloride, finally dried over using anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum. The concentrated organic compound mixture was purified by using silica gel column cliromatography (EtOAc:hexane=l:4). The fraction containing the purified compound was collected and further concentrated to obtain the desired compound, 15.5 g of dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butyldimethyl silyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-lH-pyrrolizine-6,7-dicarboxylate.

1H NMR(CDC1₃) δ 0.02 (s, 6H, Si(CH₃)₂), 0.82 (s, 9H, C(CH₃) ₃), 2.36 (s, 2H, C2), 2.85 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.96 (S, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.3 (s, H6, OCH₃), 3.47 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.72 (t, 2H, C_p ), 3.89 (t, 2H, C3), 4.25 (s, 2H, C7'), 4.38 (s, 2H, C6'), 4.86 (s, 1H, OH), 6.78 (d, 2H, Ph-Hb), 7.2 (d, 2H, Ph-Ha) (Step 3) Synthesis of 2.3-dihvdro-5-r4'-(β -t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl methylamino) phenyl1-6,7-bis(hvdroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine

3.62 g of lithium aluminiumhydride was suspended in 200 n^ anhydrous ester. To this was added drop wise a solution prepared by dissolving 15.48 g of dimethyl-2,3- dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-lH-pyrrolizine-6,7-di carboxylate obtained from the step 2 in anhydrous CH₂C1 . The resulting mixture was heated for one hour, then cooled to 25 ^°C . The excess hydride was decomposed with wet ether and then with water until the salts were white. The obtained reactant was filtered through glass filter and washed with hot CH₂C1₂ several times. The mixed organic layer was concentrated under vacuum and purified using silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc:hexane=l:3). The fraction containing the purified compound was collected and further concentrated to obtain the desired compound, 9.6 g of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butyl dimethylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)- lH-pyrrolizine in the form of slightly yellowish solid. Melting point: 94-95 ^°C

1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 0.01 (s, 6H), 0.84 (s, 12H), 2.37 (p, 2H), 2.78 (t, 2H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 3.47 (t, 2H), 3.76 (t, 2H), 3.85 (t, 2H), 4.29 (d, 2H), 4.39 (d, 2H), 4.44 (t, 1H), 4.47 (t, 1H), 6.68 (d, 2H), 7.72 (d, 2H)

LRMS: m/e 431 (M+ + 1), 430 (M+), 413, 397, 383, 285 Using the product obtained as above, various kinds of pyrrolizine intermediates can be prepared for the synthesis of the compound of the formula 1, and process for preparing the substance and NMR data are described as the following example.

(Step 4) Synthesis of 2.3-dihydro-5-^r4'-(β -t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethylmethylamino) phenyll-6.7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-ρyrrolizine

5 g of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7- bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine was dissolved in 50 τιϋ of anhydrous pyridine. Then, 8 ι 2 of triethylamine was added and mixed solution prepared by dissolving 8.6 g of 4, 4'-dimethoxytrityl chloride in 50 πα^β of pyridine was further added to the mixture. After two hours, the reaction was completed by adding 200 n^ of methanol. The desired compound was extracted with hexane (400 m£ x2), then treated with aqueous solution saturated with sodium chloride, finally dried over using anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting final compound, 5 g of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butyldimethyIsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizi ne was used for the next reaction without further purification.

(Step 5) Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hvdroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis (DMTr-O-methvD-lH-pyrrolizine

5g of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butyldimethylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7- bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine was dissolved in 15 π^ of anhydrous methylene chloride. To this was added 1 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride dissolved in 15 raδ of THF and stirred for one hour, then the reaction was stopped. The mixture was purified using silica gel column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc:Et₃N=3:2:0.1) to obtain the desired compound, 3.1 g of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7- bis(DMTr-O-methyl)- lH-pyrrolizine.

Melting point : 80-83 ^°C

1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 2.41 (p, 2H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.94 (t, 2H), 3.36 (t, 2H), 3.52 (q, 2H), 3.68 (s, 6H), 3.70 (s, 6H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 3.84 (t, 1H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 6.5-7.4 (m)

(Step 6) Synthesis of 2.3-dihvdro-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-ρyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxy methylamino)phenyl] -O- [N.N-diisopropylamino] - β -cyanoethoxyphosphine]

100 mg of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(DMTr- O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine, obtained from the step 5, was reacted in 5 mu of anhydrous CH₂C1₂ dissolving 0.2 m^ solution of anhydrous diisopropylethylamine with 0.1 rrώ of 2-cyanoethyl N,N'-diisopropylchlorophosphoamidite under argon atmosphere. One hour later, The reaction mixture was concentrated to 2 mϋ at 25 °C and purified using silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc:hexane:Et₃N=l:3:0.1) to obtain the desired compound, 90 mg of 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)- lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino) phnyl]-O-[N,N-diisopropylamino]-β -cyanoethoxyphosphine] . 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 1.17 (m, 12H, 4XCH₃), 2.44 (p, 2H, C2), 2.53 (t, 2H, CH₂CN), 2.97 (s, 3H, NCH₃), 3.03 (t, 2H, Cl), 3.5 (m, 6H, C_α , C_p , 2XNCH), 3.72 (m, 12H, 4XOCH₃), 3.75 (t, 2H, OCH₂), 3.85 (t, 2H, C3), 3.93 (s, 2H, C7'), 4.24 (s, 2H, C6'), 6.5-7.49 (m, 30H, Hb Ha 2Xtrityl)

(Step 7) Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-6 -bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-r4'-(ethyl oxymethylammo)phenvH -O-oligonucleotide derivative

Using the known phosphoamidite method, the synthesis of the desired compound was achieved with commonly nucleic acid synthesizer (Applied Biosystems Model PCR mate). In the final stage of gene synthesis, using the general condition known to the skilled person, the pyrrolizine phosphoamidite obtained from the step 6 was attached to 5'- end of synthetic gene. At this time, the synthetic genes having phosphodiester skeleton structure can be converted to phosphothioate structure by using buck cage reagent. The desired compound which contains the synthetic gene was put in concentrated ammonia at 55 ^°C for 16 hours, dried under reduced pressure, and then purified by RP-HPLC of the following condition.

HPLC conditions

-Column: Hypersil 5 μm C18, 250x4 mm -Solvent A: acetonitrile

-Solvent B: 100 mM triethylammoniumacetate, pH 7.4 -Gradient conditions:

0 ~ 5min, 30% solvent A,

5 ~ 35min, changing gradually to 30% ~ 80% of solvent B,

35 ~ 36min, maintaining at 80% of solvent B,

36 ~ 38min, changing gradually to 80% ~ 100% of solvent B, 38 ~45min, maintaining at 100% of solvent B,

45 ~ 46min, changing gradually to 100% ~ 30% of solvent B,

46 ~ 50min, maintaining at 30% of solvent B.

Fig. 1 is a graph showing HPLC chromatographically results before and after purification. Since then, this compound was analyzed using UV-visible spectrophotometer and compared with a general DNA. The results are illustrated in Fig. 2. According to this, the compound of example 1 adsorbed the light over 300 nm by chromophore of pyrrolizine compound, but the general DNA did not.

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethyl amino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide derivative

Oligonucleotide having base sequence ACGT, obtained from the example 1 and of which optical density (O.D.) was 5, was dissolved in 30 β& of water and cooled to 5^°C. To this was added 20 M& of HOAc, and further added 20 βi of Et₃N 30 seconds later. 1 m^β of cold ethanol was added to the mixture and thereby oligonucleotide was precipitated. The precipitate was washed with 80% ethanol, dried in vacuum to obtain the desired compound (about 3 O.D.). The compound of this example 2 obtained in this manner was treated with a series of enzyme (DNase I, Snake Venom Phosphodiesterase I and CIAP: Woo et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 3407, 1993) and the content was analyzed by using RP-HPLC. As a result, GC001 (in the name of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethyl methylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine derivative attached to the compound of example 2) was detected quantitatively together with the known base sequence of A, G, C and T (refer to Fig. 3)

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyl oxymethylamino)phenyl] -O-oligonucleotide derivative

(Step 1) Synthesis of 2.3-dihvdro-5-r4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7- bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH- pyrrolizine bisacetate

500 mg of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis (hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine, prepared from the step 3 of the example 1, was dissolved in 7 πx# of anhydrous methylene chloride, and 1.2 rrtf of triethylamine and dimethylamino pyridine were added to the mixture. To this was further added acetic acid anhydride and reacted for 2 hours, and then 50 πv^β aqueous solution of 5% NaHCO₃ was added and the reaction was terminated. The desired compound was extracted with CH₂C1 (2 x 50 m£)₅ then treated with aqueous solution saturated with sodium chloride, finally dried over using anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum. The concentrated organic compound mixture was purified by using silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc:hexane=l:8). The fraction containing the purified compound was collected and further concentrated to obtain the desired compound, 300 mg of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethyl amino)phenyl]- 6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine bisacetate.

1H NMR (CDC1₃) δ 0.01 (s, 6H, Si(CH₃) ₂), 0.85 (s, 9H, C(CH₃) ₃), 2.04 (s, 3H, COCH₃), 2.06 (s, 3H, COCH₃), 2.44 (p, 2H, C2), 2.90 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.99 (S, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.48 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.77 (t, 2H, Cρ ), 3.88 (t, 2H, C3), 5.00 (s, 2H, C7'), 5.03 (S, 2H, C6'), 6.71 (d, 2H, Ph-Hb), 7.17 (d, 2H, Ph-Ha)

(Step 2) Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hvdroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis (p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine 135 mg of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis

(hydiOxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine bisacetate, prepared from the above step 1, was dissolved in 4 ru3 of anhydrous methylene chloride, and 0.7 ^• m^β of triethylamine and 4-methoxy phenol were added to the mixture, and then was reacted for 70 hours. Then, 10 nil! aqueous solution of 5% NaHCO₃ was further added and the reaction was completed. The desired compound was extracted with CH₂C1₂ (2x 20 ιτ^), then treated with aqueous solution saturated with sodium chloride, finally dried over using anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum. The concentrated organic compound mixture was purified by using silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc:hexane=l:8). The fraction containing the purified compound was collected and further concentrated to obtain the desired compound, 95 mg ₀f 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]- 6,7- bis(4-methoxyphenoxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine. The product was further reacted with tetrabutylammonium fluoride to yield 70 mg of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethyl amino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine.

1H NMR (CDC1₃) δ 2.45 (s, 2H, C2), 2.90 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.96 (s, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.47 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.74 (s, 6H, 2XOCH₃), 3.80 (t, 2H, C_β ), 3.96 (t, 2H, C3), 4.83 (s, 2H, C7'), 4.93 (s, 2H, C6'), 6.74-7.3 (m, 12H, 3XPh)

(Step 3) Synthesis of 2.3-dihvdro-6.7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-4' -(ethyloxymethylamino)phenyl1-O-[(N.N'-diisopropylamino)-β -cyanoethoxyphosphine] 70 mg of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(p- methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine, obtained from the above step 2 was reacted in 5 n ø of anhydrous CH C1₂ dissolving 0.2 nfiø solution of anhydrous diisopropylethylamine with 0.1 nτ£ of 2-cyanoethyl N,N'-diisopropylchlorophosphoamidite under argon atmosphere. One hour later, the reaction mixture was concentreated to 2 π ^β at 25 ^°C and purified using silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc:hexane:Et₃N=l:2:0.1) to obtain the desired compound, 65 mg of 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-0-methyl)- lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)phenyl]-O-[N,N-diisopropylamino]-β -cyano ethoxyphosphine]

1H NMR (CDC1₃) δ 1.13 (m, 12H, 4XCH₃), 1.57 (s, 6H, 2XPh-CH₃), 2.46 (p, 2H, C2), 2.53 (t, 2H, CNCH₂), 2.90 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.97 (s, 3H, NCH₃), 3.5 (m, 4H, C_α , 2XNCH), 3.75 (m, 4H, C_β , OCH₂), 3.94 (t, 2H, C3), 4.84 (S, 2H, C7'), 4.94 (S, 2H, C6'), 6.66-7.30 (12H, 3XPh)

(Step 4) Synthesis of 2,3-dihvdro-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5- r4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)phenvn-O-oligonucleotide derivative

The desired oligonucleotide was prepared with a similar manner in the above step 7 of the example 1. In example 1 was used a general dG phophoamidite but in this example quick dG phophoamidite of Croachem, therefore, protecting group eliminating stage was that oligonucleotide was treated with ammonium hydroxide at 55 ^°C for 2 hours.

Synthesis of pyrrolizine intermediates participating in preparation of oligonucleotide derivative of the formula 1

<Example 4a> 2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(benzyloxymethyl)-l-H- pyrrolizine

(Step 1) 1 g of 2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis (hydroxymethyl)-l-H-pyrrolizine was dissolved in 10 TO¹ of anhydrous methylene chloride. Then, 900 mg of NaH was added and stirred for 30 minutes. To the mixture was further added 1.08 TO¹ of benzylbromide and reacted for 2 days, and then purified using silica gel column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc: Et₃N=8: 1:0.5) to obtain 800 mg of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(benzyloxymethy l)-lH-pyrrolizine.

1H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 0 (s, 6H, SiCH₃), 0.83 (s, 9H, 3XCH₃), 2.36 (p, 2H, C2), 2.76 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.92 (S, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.38 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.54 (t, 2H, C_β ), 3.88 (t, 2H, C3), 4.23 (S, 2H, C7'), 4.35 (S, 2H, C6'), 4.41 (S, 4H, 2XOCH₂), 6.68-7.34 (m, 14H, Ha Hb 2XPh)

(Step 2) 150 mg of 2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis (benzyloxymethyl)-l-H-pyrrolizine was dissolved in 3 TO¹ of anhydrous methylene chloride. 1 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride dissolved in 3 TO^" of THF was added and stirred for 2 hours and then the reaction was stopped. Then mixture was purified using silica gel column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc: Et₃N=2:3:0.1) to obtain 80 mg of the desired product. 1H NMR (DMSO-d6): δ 2.36 (p, 2H, Cl), 2.76 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.92 (s, 3H, NCH₃),

3.38 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.54 (t, 2H, C_β ), 3.88 (t, 2H, C3), 4.23 (s, 2H, C7'), 4.36 (s, 2H, C6'), 4.41 (s, 4H, 2XOCH₃), 4.47 (t, 1H, OH), 6.68-7.34 (m, 14H, Ph-Hb Ha 2XPh)

<Example 4b> 2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-l-H- pyrrolizine bisisopropylate

(Step 1) 563 mg of 2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis

(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine was dissolved in 5 TO¹ of anhydrous methylene chloride.

Then 1.4 ml of triethylamine and dimethylaminopyridine were added. To the mixture was further added 0.11 ml of butyric acid anhydride and reacted for 1 hour to obtain 400 mg of 2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(hydroxymet hyl)-l-H-pyrrolizine bisisopropylate.

(Step 2) 68 mg of the desired compound was prepared with a similar manner in silyl group eliminating reaction of the example 4a.

1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 1.15 (m, 12H, 4XCH₃), 2.45 (p, 2H, C2), 2.56 (m, 2H, 2XCH), 2.90 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.98 (s, 3H, NCH₃), 3.47 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.82 (t, 2H, C₀ ), 3.92 (t, 2H, C3), 4.97 (s, 2H, C7'), 5.02 (s, 2H, C6'), 6.75 (d, 2H, Ph-Hb), 7.19 (d, 2H, Ph-Ha)

2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(phenoxymethyl)-l-H- pyrrolizine

(Step 1) 500 mg of 2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis

(hydroxymethyl)-l-H-pyrrolizine was dissolved in 7 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride. Then 1.2 ml of triethylamine and dimethylaminopyridine were added. To the mixture was further added acetic acid anhydride and reacted for 2 hours. The mixture was purified using silica gel column chromatography to obtain 300 mg of 2.3-dihydro-5- [4'-(JB -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(acyloxymethyl)-l-H-pyrrolizine.

(Step 2) 300 mg of 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(J3 -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis (acyloxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine was dissolved in 7 ml of anhydrous methylene chloride. Then 1.7 ml of triethylamine and 0.537 ml of phenol were added, and stirred. The reaction was stopped at 11 hours later and then purified using silica gel column chromatography to obtain 100 mg of 2.3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -t-butylsilyloxyethylmethyl amino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(phenoxymethyl)-l-H-pyrrolizine.

(Step 3) 60 mg of the desired compound was prepared with a similar manner in the silyl group eliminating reaction of the above example 4a.

1H NMR (CDCI₃) δ 2.36 (p, 2H, C2), 2.87 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.91 (S, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.41 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.75 (t, 2H, Cβ ), 3.89 (t, 2H, C3), 4.83 (S, 2H, C7'), 4.93 (S, 2H, C6'), 6.65-7.30 (m, 14H, Ph-Ha Hb 2XPh)

2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O- methyl)- lH-pyrrolizine

1H NMR (CDC1₃) δ 2.25 (s, 6H, PhCH₃), 2.46 (p, 2H, C2), 2.91 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.97 (S, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.47 (t, 2H, C_Q ), 3.80 (t, 2H, Cp ), 3.94 (t, 2H, C3), 4.84 (S, 2H, C7'), 4.94 (S, 2H, C6'), 6.74-7.30 (m, 12H, 3XPh)

2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(p-fluorophenoxymethyl)- lH-pyrrolizine

1H NMR (CDC1₃) δ 2.46 (p, 2H, C2), 2.91 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.97 (S, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.47

(t, 2H, C_α ), 3.81 (t, 2H, C_β ), 3.94 (t, 2H, C3), 4.84 (S, 2H, C7'), 4.94 (S, 2H, C6'), 6.76-7.30 (m, 12H, 3XPh)

2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(p-iodophenoxymethyl)- lH-pyrrolizine 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.42 (p, 2H, C2), 2.81 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.91 (S, 3H, N-CH₃),

3.37 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.52 (t, 2H, C_β ), 3.91 (t, 2H, C3), 4.64 (t, 1H, OH), 4.75 (S, 2H, C7'), 4.89 (S, 2H, C6'), 6.67-7.55 (m, 12H, 3XPh)

<Example 4g> 2,3-dihydro-5-[4'-(β -hydroxyethylmethylamino)phenyl]-6,7-bis(p-chIorophenoxymethyl)- lH-pyrrolizine

1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 2.46 (p, 2H, C2), 2.91 (t, 2H, Cl), 2.97 (S, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.45

(t, 2H, C_α ), 3.75 (t, 2H, C₀ ), 3.93 (t, 2H, C3), 4.82 (S, 2H, C7'), 5.07 (S, 2H, C6'),

6.66-7.24 (m, 12H, 3XPh) <Example 4h>

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-ρyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethyamino)phenyl]-

O-propanol

1H NMR(DMSO-d6) δ 1.62 (m, 2H, O-CH₂CH₂CH₂OH), 2.4 (p, 2H, C2), 2.9 (s, 3H, N-CH₃), 2.93 (t, 2H, Cl), 3.4-3.52 (m, 8H, C_α , C_β ,O-CH₂CH₂CH₂OH), 3.68 (d, 12H, 4XOCH₃), 3.76 (s, 2H, C7), 3.83 (t, 2H, C3), 4.09 (s, 2H, C6'), 4.39 (t, 1H, OH), 6.52-7.41 (m, 30H, trityl, Ph)

<Example 4i> 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethyamino)phenyl]-

O-hexannol

1H NMR(CDCC1₃) δ 1.34 (m, 4H, O-CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH), 1.54 (m, 4H,

O-CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH), 2.44 (q, 2H, C2), 2.96 (s, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.02 (t, 2H, Cl),

3.42 (t, 2H, C_α ), 3.45-3.63 (m, 6H, C_β , O-O-CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂OH), 3.71 (d, 12H, 4XOCH₃), 3.86 (t, 2H, C3), 3.94 (s, 2H, C7'), 4.25 (s, 2H, C6'), 6.55-7.5 (m, 3OH, trityl,

Ph)

Reaction between single strand model gene and the compounds of the example 2 and 3 The compounds of the example 2 and 3 were used to targeting of the model gene, whose base sequence was selected from Bcl-2 code sequence. It has been known that the Bcl-2 protein, which abnormally existed considerably in most cancer cells, was involved in programmed cell death (or apoptosis). It has also been reported that this protein was involved in the transformation of cancer cells. This excessively existing protein has been also known to enhance tolerance of cancer cells during radiotherapy or chemotherapy, two established treatment procedure for cancer. As a result, various attempts to treat cancer by suppressing the synthesis of Bcl-2 protein have emerged. Among these attempts, the antisense approach, which restrains the synthesis of the protein by attacking mRNA strand, is the more prevalent. However, it has been predicted that it would take a long time for this approach to be applied to practical cancer treatment because of the problems inherent with the antisense technology. The new antisense approach using the compound of chemical formula 1 developed by this invention is expected to solve all existing problems. Thus, the targeted model gene was selected among base sequence of Bcl-2 mRNA. The synthesized gene having the base sequence 5 -ACG GGG TGA ACT GGG

GGA GGA TT (called Bcl2-1), which is known as the best targeted subject even in the conventional antisense approach (Literature cited: ournal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 89, No. 14, 1017, 1997) was used as a model targeted gene.

After labeling the 5'-end of the targeted gene Bcl2-1 (0.2 U M) by radioisotope ³²P, it was dissolved in a microtube containing 16 β& of water. Then 2 β£ of the compound (1 μ M) of the example 2 or 3, which had the base sequence, AA TCC TCC CCC AGT TCA CCC, such as oligonucleotide, and 2 βi of 10 reaction buffer solution (0.5 M MOPS, pH 7.1, 50 mM MgCl₂, 3 M NaCl) were added into the micro-tube. After mixing thoroughly, the reaction was kept at room temperature 16 hours. 1 ml of cold ethanol (about -20 ^°C ) was added into the sample, which obtained from the reaction and enabled the gene to precipitate. And then, the precipitated gene were analyzed by using 20% DPAGE after washing the gene on 80% water-soluble ethanol. The result of these procedures is showed in Fig. 4.

Fig. 4 indicates that the compounds of the example 2 and 3 are bound with the targeted gene under the denatured condition considering that the compounds are in a covalent bond with the targeted model gene. The efficiencies of the example 2 and 3 compounds in attacking the targeted gene are at 69% and 52% respectively.

Following is the comparison of the results gained by testing cytotoxicity and anticancer effects in the various cancer cell strains by using the compound of the example 2 and the effects of the materials for medical treatment using the conventional antisense approach.

Cytotoxicity test of the compound of the example 2 in various cancer cell strains (1) Cell Culture

The cellule lung cancer cell lines derived from a human body were used. These cell strains H69, H82 and N417 were sourced from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The cell culture medium used was the RPMI 1640 solution containing glutamine, sodium bicarbonate, gentamycin and amphotericin, reinforced by 5% FBS. They were cultivated under the conditions of 37 "C, 5% carbon dioxide, 95% air and 100% humidity, the subcultures were made every three or four days.

(2) Cytotoxicity Test The cells were divided on 96 wells flat-bottom microplate, then 0.6 |J M ODN

(oligonucleotide, the compound of the example 2 in the invention) was added to each well, and the cells was cultured for 96 hours. The MTT method was used to measure cytotoxicity. After the culture with ODN, MTT solution was added to each well and they were further cultured at 37 °C for one hour. MTT solvent was added and dissolved by shaking the wells for ten minutes. Using the Microplate reader, optical density at 540 nm was measured. The extent of the cell growth was measured by comparing with the control group.

(3) Results After H69, H82 and N417 cells in which ODN reacted with DOTAP was added, were cultured for 96 hours, the cytotoxicity of ODN was measured through MTT method. In case only DOTAP was treated, the cell growth obtained showed similarity with that recorded by the control group. There were no significant differences in cell growth in the test groups treated by SC-12 (a control gene whose base sequence is indifferent with Bcl2), SC- 12-001 (the compound of the example 2 containing SC-12) in comparison with the control group. On the other hand, cell growth rates of H69, H82 and N417 cells in the test group treated by 2009 (an antisense gene known to restrain Bcl2 effectively) were 61%, 63% and 75% of the control group respectively, and showed its weak cytotoxicity. The cell growth rates of H69, H82 and N417 cells in the test group treated by 2009-001 (the compound of the example 2 containing 2009) were 12%, 15% and 15% of the control group respectively, and showed its strong cytotoxicity compared to that of 2009 (refer to Fig. 5).

Anticancer effect test using the compound of the example 2

Cancer cells such as A549, SKOV-3, SKMEL-2, XF-498 and HCT-15 were treated with 2009 and 2009-001 of the example 6 and growth of these cancer cells over normal cell was measured. Results are given below in Table 1.

The growth extent of cancer cells over normal cell

Hereupon, the preferable example of this invention has been disclosed and explained. However, the preferred embodiments described herein are illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims and all variations which come within the meaning of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.

ΓNDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The compound in this invention has pyrrolizine derivatives which can combine the specific base of the genes (DNA or RNA) on oligonucleotide or their analogues, which can be linked site-specifically with the genes (RNA or DNA). These compounds are combined with the gene more efficiently compared to the conventional single antisense gene or the complexes of the antisense gene and other gene targeting agents. These features allow the desired results to be achieved more effectively. In addition, pyrrolizine derivatives used in this invention take advantages in the economic aspect considering that it is possible to control their synthesis and reactivity easily, and allow the compound of the invention to be mass-produced and purified.

As a result, the compound of this invention can be applied as a novel tool that can damage site-specifically the targeted fragments of the gene in the cell. It will consequently give rise to considerable influence on the gene related field. For example, when the compound in the invention was applied with the antisense field, much superior effect to the conventional antisense agents was shown. Based on the preferred examples of the invention, the compound of this invention developed can be applied in other areas including industrial microbe, agriculture and environment as well as many kinds of gene-related diseases including anticancer remedy. Likewise, its unlimited potential as a valuable technology is expected in various applications in other fields.

Claims

CLAIMS WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An oligonucleotide or its analogue compound having pyrrolizine derivative of the formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof: [Formula 1]

oligonucleotide analogue

wherein R represents - o alkyl, C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl, or C₃-C₆ alkenyl or phenyl; X and X' are the same or different and represent independently hydroxy, substituted or non-substituted alkylthio, substituted or non-substituted silyloxy, or -OR, wherein R represents substituted or non-substituted alkyl, substituted or non-substituted phenyl, or substituted or non-substituted carbamate;

Y is a functional group comprising oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) or sulfur (S); and n is 0 to 10 and it indicates the length of a linker between oligonucleotide analogue and pyrrolizine derivative .

2. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ri is -C₃ alkyl; X and X' represent independently hydroxy, substituted or non-substituted short chain alkoxy, short chain alkylthio, substituted silyloxy, substituted or non-substituted phenoxy, substituted or non-substituted O-trityl, or substituted or non-substituted carbamate; Y represents an oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom; and n is 0 to 6.

3. The compound as claimed in claim 2, wherein Ri is -C₃ straight chain alkyl; X and X' represent independently hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, benzyloxy, methylthio, ethylthio, trimethylsilyloxy, t-butyldimethylsilyloxy, phenoxy, O-halophenyl, O-toluyl, O-cresol, O-trityl, O-4,4'-dimethoxytrityl, or isopropylcarbamate; Y is an oxygen atom; and n is 0 to 6.

4. The compound as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxy- methylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide; 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(DMTr-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4 -(ethyloxymethylamino)phenyl]

-O-oligonucleotide;

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-methoxyphenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylam ino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide;

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(p-chlorophenyl-O-methyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino )phenyl] -O-oligonucleotide ;

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(benzyloxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5-[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)phenyl

]-O-oligonucleotide;

2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(ethoxymethyl)-lH-pyrrolizine-5[4'-(ethyloxymethylamino)phenyl]-O- oligonucleotide ; and 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-bis(isopropylcarbamate)-lH-pyrrolizine-5[4 -(ethylox ymethylamino)phenyl]-O-oligonucleotide.

5. The compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the oligonucleotide is an antisense gene that is site-specifically coupled with a target gene.

6. The compound as claimed in claim 5, wherein the target gene is a carcinogenic gene.

7. A process for preparing a compound of the formula 19, comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a compound of the formula 10 with sodium methoxide to yield a compound of the formula 11 (reaction formula 1);

(b) protecting the hydroxyl group of the compound of the formula 11 with t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (reaction formula 2);

(c) reducing a compound of the formula 12 in the presence of a catalyst to yield a compound of the formula 13 (reaction formula 3);

(d) reacting the compound of the formula 13 with a acid anhydride to yield a compound of the formula 14 (reaction formula 4a), and then reacting the compound of the formula 14 with a nucleophile to yield a compound of the formula 15 (reaction formula 4b);

(e) converting the compound of the formula 15 to a compound of the formula 16 using tetrabutylammonium fluoride (reaction formula 6a)

(f) reacting the compound of the formula 16 with 2-cyanoethyl N,N-diisopropylchlorophosphoamidite to. yield pyrrolizine phosphoamidite of the formula 18 (reaction formula 7); and

(g) coupling the compound of the formula 18 with an oligonucleotide or its analogue in a nucleic acid synthesizer (reaction formula 8) to yield the compound of the formula 19:

[Reaction formula 1]

sodium methoxide methanol

1 11 wherein R₈ represents methyl, ethyl or propyl; and n is 0 to 6; [Reaction formula 2]

11 12

wherein R₈ and n are as defined above; [Reaction formula 3]

12 13

wherein R₈ and n are as defined above; [Reaction formula 4a]

13 1-1

wherein R₈ and n are as defined above; and R₉ is alkyl; [Reaction formula 4b]

14 15

wherein R₈, R₉ and n are as defined above; R₁₀ in the nucleophiles R₁₀S^" and Rι₀O^" represents substituted or non-substituted alkyl or phenyl; and X and X' are as defined in claim 1;

[Reaction formula 6a]

15 16

wherein R₈, n, X and X' are as defined above; [Reaction formula 7]

16 18

wherein R₈, n, X and X' are as defined above; and [Reaction formula 8]

analogue

18 19 wherein R₈, n, X and X' are as defined above.

8. The process as claimed in claim 7, comprising the step of, instead of (d), directly preparing the compound of the formula 15 having the functional groups X and X' using the hydroxy group of the formula 13 as a nucleophile (reaction formula 5): [Reaction formula 5]

13 15

wherein R₈, n, X and X' are as defined above; and alkyl halide includes alkyl bromide such as benzyl bromide, alkyl iodide, or alkyl chloride such as DMTrCl.

9. The process as claimed in claim 7 or 8, further comprising the step of, after (f), controlling the length of the linker in the compound of the formula 16 adequately to be coupled with the oligonucleotide analogue (reaction formula 6b): [Reaction formula 6b]

MSi

16

wherein R₈, X, X' and alkyl halide are as defined above; and n and m are 0 to 6.

10. A therapeutic agent against a gene-related disease, comprising the compound according to claim 1 as an effective ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.

11. The therapeutic agent as claimed in claim 10, wherein the therapeutic agent is an anticancer agent.

12. A composition for diagnostic of gene-related diseases, comprising the compound according to claim 1 as an effective ingredient and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.

13. A method for analyzing genes, which comprises the step of detecting a target gene in a gene pool including various genes using the compound according to claim 1 that includes an oligonucleotide site-specifically coupling with the target gene.