WO2001091153A1 - Contacteur bi-metal a detente brusque, sans glissement, avec elements de contact souples - Google Patents

Contacteur bi-metal a detente brusque, sans glissement, avec elements de contact souples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001091153A1
WO2001091153A1 PCT/US2000/014337 US0014337W WO0191153A1 WO 2001091153 A1 WO2001091153 A1 WO 2001091153A1 US 0014337 W US0014337 W US 0014337W WO 0191153 A1 WO0191153 A1 WO 0191153A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bimetallic
switch
contact portion
bimetallic element
mode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/014337
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank J. Sienkiewicz
Christopher Cornell
Original Assignee
Elmwood Sensors, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elmwood Sensors, Inc. filed Critical Elmwood Sensors, Inc.
Priority to AU2000251615A priority Critical patent/AU2000251615A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2000/014337 priority patent/WO2001091153A1/fr
Priority to JP2001587457A priority patent/JP2004510287A/ja
Publication of WO2001091153A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001091153A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5418—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting using cantilevered bimetallic snap elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H2037/5445—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting with measures for avoiding slow break of contacts during the creep phase of the snap bimetal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5409—Bistable switches; Resetting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/02—Details
    • H01H37/32—Thermally-sensitive members
    • H01H37/52—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element
    • H01H37/54—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting
    • H01H37/5427—Thermally-sensitive members actuated due to deflection of bimetallic element wherein the bimetallic element is inherently snap acting encapsulated in sealed miniaturised housing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bimetallic switch having a bimetallic element adapted to snap between a first mode and a second mode.
  • Temperature controlled bimetallic switches are well known in the art.
  • the bimetal supplies the force to open or close the contact system of the switch.
  • These switches are used to prevent overheating or overcurrent conditions in a great number of electrical appliances, both large and small, such as household appliances, automobile components, and office automation equipment.
  • bimetallic elements such as discs or cantilever strips.
  • the thermal deflection of a strip element is usually easier to predict because formulas to predict deflection due to temperature are readily available.
  • bimetallic discs are also useful. These tend to change from a concave shape to a convex shape in response to changes in temperature.
  • a hybrid version of an automatic switch which is called a power down reset.
  • the device includes a heat source which is activated when the contact portions are opened because of increased temperature. This heat source produces enough heat to keep the bimetal above the low reset temperature threshold. In order for the device to reset, power to the switch must be removed and the temperature be low enough for the device to reset.
  • Bimetallic discs are said to "snap" when they change state from a concave shape to a convex shape when exposed to increased temperature.
  • the time that the disc takes to snap is related, among other things, to the temperature change that it is exposed to.
  • bimetallic switches of the prior art which may exhibit the problem of creep are those described in U.S. Patent Numbers 4,862,133, 4,517,541, 4,424,506, 3,577,111, 3,067,306, 2,724,753 and 2,340,056.
  • Japanese Patent Number 63-292539 discloses a bimetallic switch designed to prevent malfunction and vibrations during normal service.
  • the bimetallic disc 4 is supported by support pieces 7 having supporting surfaces 6, which are formed alongside the locus of the ends 8 of disc 4 under the service temperature thereof. Even though the disc deforms within the temperature range of its service temperature, the convex side of the central part 5 of bimetal 4 does not push the base 1 or movable contact piece 3, or separate therefrom, to a great extent. In this way, malfunction due to creep, and vibrations, may be prevented.
  • U.S. Patent Number 5,121,095 uses an elaborate spring member independent of the contact arms to remove creep.
  • the switch contacts are actuated via the bimetal to a spring member, to an insulated pin, and to a contact arm system.
  • a bimetallic switch comprising: a bimetallic element being adapted to snap between a first mode and a second mode, the first mode corresponding to a closed position of the switch, and the second mode corresponding to an open position of the switch; a first flexible contact member disposed adjacent the bimetallic element and having a first contact portion thereon; a first terminal electrically conductively coupled to the first flexible contact member; a second flexible contact member disposed adjacent the first flexible contact member and having a second contact portion thereon, the first contact portion and the second contact portion being disposed relative to one another such that, when the switch is in a closed position, the first contact portion and the second contact portion are biased against one another by the bimetallic element to be in engagement with one another, and when the switch is in an open position, the first contact portion and the second contact portion define an open contact gap therebetween; a second terminal electrically conductively coupled to the second contact portion such
  • the bimetallic switch comprises a housing having inner walls defining a partial enclosure therein, wherein the bimetallic element, the first flexible contact member and the second flexible contact member are disposed within the partial enclosure.
  • the inner walls of the housing may define a recess therein as part of the partial enclosure, the bimetallic element being accommodated in the recess.
  • the bimetallic element is a bimetallic disc
  • the recess may be configured to be cylindrical and to have a seat accommodating an outer edge of the disc therein.
  • a cover may further be disposed over the partial enclosure to close the same for defining an enclosure about the bimetallic element, the first flexible contact member and the second flexible contact member.
  • a gapped or open cover may be used in conjunction with a thin wafer or film disposed between the cover and the partial enclosure for enhancing a thermal response of the switch.
  • the housing is one of parallelepiped- shaped, round and oval.
  • the first flexible contact member comprises a first cantilever arm; and the second flexible contact member comprises a second cantilever arm, the first contact portion and the second contact portion being disposed on respective free ends of the first cantilever arm and the second cantilever arm.
  • the second contact portion may comprise a flange extending toward the first contact portion.
  • the first contact portion is positioned with respect to the second contact portion for maintaining a minimum open contact gap therebetween thereby isolating creep during contact closure.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded, perspective top view of an embodiment of a bimetallic switch according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective side view of the bimetallic switch of Fig. 1 , with portions thereof shown in phantom, further including a wafer or film as part of the assembly.
  • Fig. 3 a is a top plan view of the switch of Fig. 1 with the switch cover removed, showing the switch in a closed position.
  • Fig. 3b is a cross-sectional view along section line A-A in Fig. 3a.
  • Fig. 4a is a view similar to Fig. 3 a, showing the switch with the switch cover positioned thereon.
  • Fig. 4b is a cross-sectional view along section line B-B in Fig. 4a.
  • Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4b, in an inverted orientation, of an alternate embodiment of a switch of the present invention in a closed position.
  • Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5, of the alternate embodiment of Fig. 5 with the switch in an open position.
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of the switch of Figs. 5 and 6.
  • an exemplary embodiment of a bimetallic switch includes a housing or base 1 made of, for example, alumina, or of an insulator ceramic material such as steatite, which houses therein a stationary first flexible contact member in the form of stationary cantilever arm 3, and a second flexible contact member in the form of movable cantilever arm 5.
  • Arms 3 and 5 are both flexible, that is, they are both spring members, but have differing stiffnesses or coefficients of elasticity, and are made, for instance, of BeCu. They may be plated, i.e., with silver or a conventional silver alloy, for enhanced current carrying capability.
  • the arms are further configured and positioned such that they are biased toward the housing or base 1 as shown Arms 3 and 5 are secured to housing 1 by way of rivets 7, which additionally secure terminals 9 to arms 3 and 5. Rivets 7 are preferably made of steel. Arms 3 and 5 and terminals 9 are also, as would be well recognized by a person skilled in the art, made of an electrically conductive material.
  • Stationary cantilever arm 3 includes thereon a stationary contact portion 11, which, in the shown embodiment, is in the form of a flange, and which interacts with a movable counter-contact portion 13 of the movable cantilever arm 5.
  • Movable cantilever arm 5 is supported in a cantilever manner adjacent stationary cantilever arm 3.
  • the bimetallic disc is made of a bimetal material dictated by temperature, and is preferably about 5 mm in diameter.
  • a cover or lid plate 17 is provided for enclosing the movable cantilever arm, stationary cantilever arm and bimetallic disc within housing 1, the cover being secured to the housing via rivets 7 and preferably being fabricated from a non-metal material dictated by temperature, and is preferably about 5 mm in diameter.
  • a cover or lid plate 17 is provided for enclosing the movable cantilever arm, stationary cantilever arm and bimetallic disc within housing 1, the cover being secured to the housing via rivets 7 and preferably being fabricated from a non-
  • cover 17 may be provided with an opening 22 (shown in phantom), in combination with a thin wafer (i.e., film) 18 superposed therewith.
  • the film 18 may be fabricated from a material such as a polyimide film sold under the trademark KAPTON® by E.I. DuPont (DuPont) of Delaware, or a polyester film sold under the trademark KAPTON® by E.I. DuPont (DuPont) of Delaware, or a polyester film sold under the
  • the film 18 serves as an electrically insulative dust cover, which the skilled artisan will recognize tends to optimize the thermal response of the switch, due to the relatively efficient heat transfer through such a film to the bimetallic disk 15.
  • the switch is preferably rated for 120/140 Volts AC, 15 Amps (at 120 Volts), 10 Amps (at 240 Volts), with a temperature range of 32 to 450 degrees Fahrenheit (depending on the bimetallic element selected).
  • the switch as seen in a closed position involves the contacting engagement of contact portions 11 and 13 with one another for establishing a current between terminals 9 as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art.
  • the bimetallic disc (received within housing recess 16) in a first mode thereof has a concave shape (i.e., when viewed from the base 1 side of the switch) its outer edge 19 being directed away from arms 3 and 5 against a seat 21 of recess 16 and its central dish-shaped portion 20 flexing inward (i.e., towards contact positions 11 and 13) to keep contact portion 13 in engagement with contact portion 11.
  • the bimetallic disc in this manner, with its central dish-shaped portion 20, biases the movable cantilever arm 5 onto stationary cantilever arm 3, thereby biasing contact portions 11 and 13 into engagement with one another.
  • seat 21 is preferably annular, having a diameter slightly less than that of disc 15, to supportably engage nominally the entire outer edge 19, when disc 15 is disposed in either of its modes (i.e., positions).
  • Seat 21 is also preferably beveled as shown, to help center the disc 15 within recess 16 when disposed in the open position
  • the switch as seen in an open position shows contact portions 11 and 13 as having been separated from one another for breaking the flow of current from one terminal 9 to the other.
  • the bimetallic disc has a convex shape (when viewed from the base 1 side of the switch), its outer edge 19 being directed toward arms 3 and 5 and its central dish-shaped portion 20 flexing toward recess 16, thus removing a biasing force of the disc onto the movable cantilever arm 5 and the stationary cantilever arm 3 and no longer urging contact portions 11 and 13 toward one another, thereby defining an open contact gap O therebetween.
  • both arms 3 and 5 have moved in the direction of the bimetallic element, arm 5 having traveled further in that direction by virtue of its higher coefficient of elasticity with respect to that of arm 3.
  • the coefficient of elasticity corresponding to arm 3 is selected such that arm 3 travels along with the creeping motion of the bimetallic element, and stops at nominally the snapping point thereof, allowing arm 5 to travel further for breaking contact between contact portions 11 and 13.
  • a rest mode of the switch may, according to the invention, either be closed, as seen in Fig. 3 b, or be open, as seen in Fig. 4b.
  • a main aspect of the invention involves compensation for creep during an opening of the switch using different stiffnesses for flexible contact members having the switch contacts thereon, regardless of whether the rest mode of the switch is open or closed.
  • the above example depicted in the appended drawings relates to an automatic reset switch, the invention is meant to include within its ambit switch constructions which involve other types of bimetallic switches, such as manual resets and one shots as described above.
  • the switch may be configured to be closed after an opening thereof by employing a plunger-type mechanism such as a push-button (not shown) to the device, this mechanism allowing the disc to be pushed back into its closed position.
  • a plunger-type mechanism such as a push-button (not shown)
  • the words "bimetallic” and “bimetal” encompass constructions where the snap action element is made of two or more types of metal for being thermally responsive to effect the desired switch over.
  • trimetallic switches for example, are also included within the scope of the invention.
  • the switch alternates between a closed position, as seen in Fig. 3 b, and an open position, as seen in Fig. 4b.
  • the bimetallic disc would snap from its first mode to its second mode at a high temperature or "hot snap" temperature to open the switch, and snap back from its second mode into its first mode at a low temperature or "cold snap” temperature to close the switch.
  • these two temperatures can be, for example, 200 degrees Fahrenheit and 145 degrees Fahrenheit, respectively.
  • the switch in the shown figures is configured in the above-described manner, when the temperature rises to close to 200 degrees Fahrenheit, the deformation of the bimetallic disc progresses gradually until the amount of deformation has reached the threshold value.
  • cantilever arm 3 and cantilever arm 5 flex in a deformation direction of the bimetallic element such that the first contact portion 11 and the second contact portion 13 remain engaged until the snapping of the bimetallic disc 15 from its first mode into its second mode.
  • the above is effected by selecting the coefficient of elasticity of the stationary cantilever arm 3 to be much lower than that of the movable cantilever arm 5.
  • stationary cantilever arm 3 moves only slightly (see Fig. 4b) before it stops moving altogether. By making this stationary cantilever arm deflection larger than or equal to the creep zone of the disc, it is possible to achieve a substantially creepless bimetallic switch.
  • the ratio of spring constants for the arms will depend on the type of bimetallic disc used in the construction.
  • the disc After the threshold temperature of 200 degrees Fahrenheit has been reached, the disc then snaps and breaks the current between contact portions 1 1 and 13, thereby opening the switch (and placing the bimetallic disc in its convex mode) as shown in Figs. 4b.
  • the temperature must drop to below 145 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • disc 15 begins to slowly deform, that is, to exhibit creep. Any effects of such creep are removed or compensated by maintaining a minimum open contact gap O (see Fig. 4b) between contact portions 11 and 13 in their open position so that any movement of the contact portions towards one another due to creep is harmless, i.e., fails to move the contact portions close enough to generate any arcing.
  • the dimension of gap O is pre-selected in conformity with a curvature of disc 15, and is further a function of, primarily, the readily observable creeping characteristics of the disc being used between the selected threshold temperatures and at the selected voltage and amperage rating of the contact portions 11 and 13.
  • the construction of the switch according to the invention allows the use of bimetallic switches of a simple and cost effective construction where the effects of creep are neutralized, thereby providing a switch of
  • a bimetallic switch with two flexible members of differing stiffnesses further allows the use of a disc which is smaller relative to those of the prior art, such as, for example, a disc with a diameter of about 5 mm, thereby allowing fabrication of a switch having a very compact footprint, such as, for example, V" by
  • the invention also includes within its scope the elimination of the cover, to improve the thermal response time for the switch and reduce cost.
  • the switch according to the invention can be designed to fit its application requirements.
  • it can be made oval, round or may be enclosed in a
  • the provision of a wafer or film 18 in combination with opening 22 serves to optimize the thermal response of the switch, due to the relatively efficient transfer through the film to the bimetallic disk 15 (i.e., due to the relative thinness of the film).
  • FIG. 5-7 Attention is now directed to an alternate embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figs. 5-7.
  • This embodiment is substantially similar to that of Figs. l-4b described hereinabove, while being modified to function as a latching switch.
  • body 1 ' is provided with a modified recess 16' having a peripheral seat 21 ' and a floor portion (i.e., cam surface) 26.
  • seat 21 ' of this embodiment extends semi-
  • Floor portion 26 is disposed in spaced, superposed relation to movable cantilever arm 5, preferably diverging from arm 5 as it extends from the contact 13 end (i.e., distal end) of the arm 5, towards proximal pivot end 28 thereof.
  • the floor portion 26 is further sized and shaped so that once the disc 15 snaps from its closed position as shown in Fig. 5 (i.e., once the disc snaps so that its center extends away from the contact 13 relative to edge 19 thereof), the biasing arm 5 cams the disc 15 along the floor portion 26 towards proximal end 28 of arm 5 into proximal end 30 of recess 16', as will be discussed in greater detail hereinbelow.
  • the edge 19 of the disc 5 is engaged with seat 21', with its central portion extending towards contact 13 to maintain the contacts 11 and 13 in their closed positions substantially as shown and described hereinabove with respect to the embodiment of Figs. l-4b.
  • the biasing force of the movable arm 5 cams the disc 5 away from the contact 13 and generally along floor portion 26 towards proximal end 30 of recess 16' as shown in Fig. 6.
  • this position has been reached, further snapping of the disc 5 (i.e., due to cycling temperature) will not serve to re-close contacts 11 and 13.
  • the embodiment of Figs. 5-7 serves as a latching switch that will not re-close the contacts once they have been initially opened.
  • the floor portion 26 may be provided with any configuration, i.e., any degree of divergence (or slope), relative to the arm 5, sufficient to render further snapping of the disc 15 incapable of re-closing the contacts 11 and 13 once the contacts have been initially opened, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • bimetallic element of substantially any geometric configuration, including rectilinear bimetallic strips, or bimetallic elements of any other convenient construction, may be used without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention may also be used with any number of bimetallic elements, i.e., stacked or otherwise linked to one another, without departing the spirit and scope of the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un contacteur bi-métal sans glissement, à détente brusque, doté d'éléments de contact souples. Ce contacteur comporte un élément bi-métal conçu pour passer par détente brusque d'un premier mode à un second mode correspondant respectivement à une position fermée et le second mode à une position ouverte ; un premier élément de contact souple disposé contre l'élément bi-métal et présentant une première partie de contact ; une première borne reliée électriquement au premier élément de contact souple ; un second élément de contact flexible disposé contre le premier élément de contact flexible et présentant une seconde partie de contact. Les première et seconde parties de contact sont disposées l'une par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte que lorsque le contacteur est en position fermée, lesdites parties soient forcées l'une contre l'autre par l'élément bi-métal et que lorsque le contacteur est en position ouverte, elles définissent entre elles un écartement. Le contacteur comprend également une seconde borne reliée électriquement à la seconde partie de contact de telle sorte que lorsque ce contacteur est fermée, il y ait une continuité électrique entre la première et la seconde bornes. Ainsi, en cas de glissement de l'élément bi-métal due à une déformation survenant avant la détente brusque au moment du passage du premier au second mode, le premier élément de contact souple fléchit dans le sens de la déformation de l'élément bi-métal de sorte que la première et la seconde parties de contact restent engagées jusqu'à ce que l'élément bi-métal saute u premier au second mode. L'élément bi-métal peut se présenter avantageusement sous la forme d'un cercle bi-métal. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le contacteur se verrouille en position ouverte.
PCT/US2000/014337 2000-05-24 2000-05-24 Contacteur bi-metal a detente brusque, sans glissement, avec elements de contact souples WO2001091153A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2000251615A AU2000251615A1 (en) 2000-05-24 2000-05-24 Creepless snap acting bimetallic switch having flexible contact members
PCT/US2000/014337 WO2001091153A1 (fr) 2000-05-24 2000-05-24 Contacteur bi-metal a detente brusque, sans glissement, avec elements de contact souples
JP2001587457A JP2004510287A (ja) 2000-05-24 2000-05-24 フレキシブルな接点部材を備えクリープの影響を受けないスナップ動作をするバイメタル的スイッチ

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2000/014337 WO2001091153A1 (fr) 2000-05-24 2000-05-24 Contacteur bi-metal a detente brusque, sans glissement, avec elements de contact souples

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001091153A1 true WO2001091153A1 (fr) 2001-11-29

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PCT/US2000/014337 WO2001091153A1 (fr) 2000-05-24 2000-05-24 Contacteur bi-metal a detente brusque, sans glissement, avec elements de contact souples

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JP (1) JP2004510287A (fr)
AU (1) AU2000251615A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001091153A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017103118A (ja) * 2015-12-02 2017-06-08 ボーンズ株式会社 ブレーカー並びにそれを備えた安全回路及び２次電池回路。

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1296066A (fr) * 1961-05-05 1962-06-15 Auge Et Cie Ets Appareil thermique bimétallique de sécurité à action brusque
DE1590611A1 (de) * 1962-10-22 1970-05-14 Essex International Inc Thermostat
US3660793A (en) * 1970-04-01 1972-05-02 Therm O Disc Inc Thermostat with manual reset
US4319214A (en) * 1980-07-16 1982-03-09 Portage Electric Products, Inc. Creepless, snap action thermostat

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1296066A (fr) * 1961-05-05 1962-06-15 Auge Et Cie Ets Appareil thermique bimétallique de sécurité à action brusque
DE1590611A1 (de) * 1962-10-22 1970-05-14 Essex International Inc Thermostat
US3660793A (en) * 1970-04-01 1972-05-02 Therm O Disc Inc Thermostat with manual reset
US4319214A (en) * 1980-07-16 1982-03-09 Portage Electric Products, Inc. Creepless, snap action thermostat

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JP2004510287A (ja) 2004-04-02
AU2000251615A1 (en) 2001-12-03

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