WO2001090835A1 - Transformateur et regulateur de tension ou de courant a commande magnetique - Google Patents

Transformateur et regulateur de tension ou de courant a commande magnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001090835A1
WO2001090835A1 PCT/NO2001/000217 NO0100217W WO0190835A1 WO 2001090835 A1 WO2001090835 A1 WO 2001090835A1 NO 0100217 W NO0100217 W NO 0100217W WO 0190835 A1 WO0190835 A1 WO 0190835A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
winding
turn
main winding
voltage
turns
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2001/000217
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Espen Haugs
Frank Strand
Original Assignee
Magtech As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magtech As filed Critical Magtech As
Priority to KR1020027015975A priority Critical patent/KR100886658B1/ko
Priority to EP01934653A priority patent/EP1303800B1/fr
Priority to DE60117141T priority patent/DE60117141T2/de
Priority to CA002409377A priority patent/CA2409377C/fr
Priority to JP2001587164A priority patent/JP4874493B2/ja
Priority to AU2001260814A priority patent/AU2001260814A1/en
Publication of WO2001090835A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001090835A1/fr
Priority to US10/278,908 priority patent/US6933822B2/en
Priority to US10/685,345 priority patent/US7026905B2/en
Priority to US11/033,483 priority patent/US7193495B2/en
Priority to US11/347,483 priority patent/US7256678B2/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/32—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using magnetic devices having a controllable degree of saturation as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator and a magnetically influenced converter for controlled connection and disconnection together with distribution of electrical energy as indicated in the introduction to the attached, independent patent claims.
  • the invention which is a continuation of the known transductor technology, is particularly suitable as a voltage connector, current regulator or voltage converter in several areas of the field of power electronics.
  • the feature which particularly characterises the invention is that the transformative or inductive connection between the control winding and the main winding is approximately 0 and that the inductance in the main winding can be regulated through the current in the control winding, and furthermore that the magnetic connection between a primary winding and a secondary winding in a transformer configuration can be regulated through the current in the control winding.
  • the present invention can be employed in connection with regulation of the high-voltage input in large rectifiers, where the advantage will be full exploitation of a diode rectifier over the entire voltage range.
  • the use of the invention may be envisaged in connection with the soft start of high-voltage motors.
  • the invention is also suitable for use in the field of power distribution in connection with voltage regulation of power lines, and may be used for continuously controlled compensation of reactive power in the network.
  • the device may, e.g., form part of a frequency converter for converting input frequency to randomly selected output frequency, preferably intended for operation of an asynchronous motor, where the frequency converter's input side has a three-phase supply which by means of its phase conductors feeds the input to at least one transformer intended for each of the converter's three-phase outputs, and where the outputs of such a transformer are connected via respective, selectively controllable voltage connectors, or via additional transformer-coupled voltage connectors, in order to form one of the said three-phase outputs.
  • a second application of the device is as a direct converter of DC voltage to AC voltage whereby the AC voltage's frequency is continuously adjustable.
  • the use of this type of frequency converter in a subsea context, especially at great depths, will be where the use is required of high-capacity pumps with variable speeds. Pumping in a subsea system will typically be performed from the underwater site to a location above water (boosting) and with water injection from the underwater site down into the reservoir.
  • Variable speed engine controls are normally based on two principles; a) direct electronic frequency-regulated converters, and b) AC -DC-AC converters with pulse-width modulation, and with extended use of semiconductors such as thyristors and IGBT's. The latter represents the technology widely used in industrial applications and for use on board locomotives, etc.
  • a protective container for such a system will be extremely heavy, representing a fairly significant proportion of the total weight of the system.
  • maintenance of a system more often than not will require the entire frequency converter to be raised, since even simpler maintenance is difficult to perform with a remotely operated vehicle (RON).
  • the standard frequency converters which are based on semiconductor technology convert alternating current (AC) power with a given frequency to alternating current power in the other selected frequency without any intermediate DC connection. The conversion is carried out by forming a connection between given input and output terminals during controlled time intervals. An output voltage wave with an output frequency F0 is generated by sequentially connecting selected segments of the voltage waves on the AC input source with the input frequency FI to the terminals.
  • Such frequency converters exist in the form of the standard symmetrical cycloconverter circuits for supplying power from a three-phase network to a three-phase motor.
  • the standard cycloconverter module consists of a dual converter in each motor phase. Thus the normal method is to employ three identical, essentially independent dual converters which provide a three-phase output.
  • frequency converters a symmetrical 12- pulse centre cycloconverter consisting of three identical 4-quadrant 12-pulse centre converters, with one for each output phase. All three converters share common secondary windings on the input transformer.
  • the neutral conductor can be omitted for a balanced 3-phase loaded Y-coupled motor.
  • Another known frequency converter based on semiconductor technology is the so-called symmetrical 12-pulse bridge circuit which has three identical 4- quadrant 12-pulse bridge converters with one for each output phase.
  • the input terminals on each of the six individual 6-pulse converters are fed from separate secondary windings on the input transformer. It should be noted that it is not permitted to use the same secondary winding for more than one converter. This is due to the fact that each 12-pulse converter in itself requires two completely insulated transformer secondary windings. It has therefore been a secondary, but nevertheless essential object of the invention to avoid primarily semiconductor components in the frequency converter which has to be located at great depths and for this purpose the use has therefore been proposed according to the invention of the new magnetic converter technology based on an entirely untraditional concept.
  • the invention comprises a magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator, which in a first embodiment is characterized in that it comprises: a body which is composed of a magnetisable material and provides a closed, magnetic circuit, at least one first electrical conductor wound round the body along at least a part of the closed circuit for at least one turn which forms a first main winding, at least one second electrical conductor wound around the body along at least a part of the closed circuit to at least one turn which forms a second main winding or control winding, where the winding axis for the turn or turns in the main winding is at right angles to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding.
  • the object of this is to provide orthogonal magnetic fields in the body and thereby control the behaviour of the magnetisable material relative to the field in the main winding by means of the field in the control winding.
  • the axis for the turn(s) in the main winding is parallel to or coincident with the body's longitudinal direction, while the turn(s) in the control winding extend substantially along the magnetisable body and the axis for the control winding is therefore at right angles to the body's longitudinal direction.
  • a second possible variant of the first embodiment consists in the axis for the turn(s) in the control winding being parallel to or coincident with the body's longitudinal direction, while the turn(s) in the main winding extend substantially along the magnetisable body and the axis for the main winding is therefore at right angles to the body's longitudinal direction.
  • This first embodiment of the device can be adapted for use as a transformer by being equipped with a third electrical conductor wound around the body along at least a part of the closed circuit for at least one turn, forming a third main winding, the winding axis for the turn or turns in the third main winding coinciding with or being parallel to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the first main winding, thus providing a transformer effect between the first and the third main windings when at least one of them is excited.
  • a second possibility for adapting the first embodiment of the invention for use as a transformer is to equip it with a third electrical conductor wound around the body along at least a part of the closed circuit for at least one turn, forming a third main winding, the winding axis for the turn or turns in the third main winding being coincident with or parallel to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding, thus providing a transformer effect between the third main winding and the control winding when at least one of them is excited.
  • a second embodiment of the invention comprises a magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator, characterized in that it comprises a first body and a second body, each of which is composed of a magnetisable material which provides a closed, magnetic circuit, the said bodies being juxtaposed, at least one first electrical conductor wound along at least a part of the closed circuit for at least one turn which forms a first main winding, at least one second electrical conductor wound around at least a part of the first and/or second body for at least one turn which forms a second main winding or control winding, where the winding axis for the turn or turns in the main winding is at right angles to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding.
  • the object of this is to provide orthogonal magnetic fields in the body and thereby control the behaviour of the magnetisable material relative to the field in the main winding by means of the field in the control winding.
  • the main and control windings may of course be interchanged, thus providing a magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator, characterized in that it comprises at least one first electrical conductor wound round at least a part of the first and/or the second body for at least one turn which forms a first main winding, at least one second electrical conductor wound along at least a part of the closed circuit for at least one turn which forms a second main winding or control winding, where the winding axis for the turn or turns in the main winding is at right angles to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding with the object of providing orthogonal magnetic fields in the body and thereby controlling the behaviour of the magnetisable material relative to the field in the main winding by means of the field in the control winding.
  • a preferred variant of this second embodiment comprises first and second magnetic field connectors which together with the bodies form the closed magnetic circuit.
  • This second embodiment of the device can also be adapted for use as a transformer by equipping it with a third electrical conductor wound for one turn which forms a third main winding, the winding axis for the turn or turns in the third main winding being coincident with or parallel to the winding axis A2 for the turn or turns in the first main winding or in the control winding, thus providing a transformer effect between the third main winding and the first main winding or the control winding when at least one of this is excited.
  • the first and the second body are tubular, thus enabling the first conductor or the second conductor to extend through the first and the second body.
  • the magnetic field connectors preferably comprise apertures for the conductors.
  • each magnetic field connector comprises a gap to facilitate the insertion of the first or the second conductor.
  • the device is equipped with an insulating film placed between the end surfaces of the tubes and the magnetic field connectors with the object of insulating the connecting surfaces from each other in order to prevent induced eddy currents from being produced in the connecting surfaces by short-circuiting of the layer of film. For a core made of ferrite or compressed powder, an insulation film will not be necessary.
  • each tube in this second embodiment comprises two or more core parts and that in addition an insulating layer is provided between the core parts.
  • the tubes in this second embodiment of the invention may have circular, square, rectangular, triangular or hexagonal cross sections.
  • a third embodiment of the invention relates to a magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator, characterized in that it comprises a first, external tubular body and a second, internal tubular body, each of which is composed of a magnetisable material and provides a closed, magnetic circuit, the said bodies being concentric relative to each other and thus having a common axis, at least one first electrical conductor wound round the tubular bodies for at least one turn which forms a first main winding, at least one second electrical conductor provided in the space between the bodies and wound around the bodies' common axis for at least one turn which forms a second main winding or control winding, where the winding axis for the turn or turns in the main winding is at right angles to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding.
  • the object again is to provide orthogonal magnetic fields in the bodies and thereby control the behaviour of the magnetisable material relative to the field in the main winding by means of the field in the control winding.
  • the main winding and the control winding will also be interchangeable in this third embodiment of the invention, thus providing a magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator, where at least one first electrical conductor is provided in the space between the bodies and wound round the bodies' common axis for at least one turn which forms a first main winding, at least one second electrical conductor is wound around the tubular bodies for at least one turn which forms a second main winding or control winding, and the winding axis for the turn or turns in the main winding is at right angles to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding.
  • a preferred variant of this third embodiment of the invention comprises first and second magnetic field connectors which together with the bodies form the closed magnetic circuit.
  • This third embodiment of the device can also be adapted for use as a transformer by equipping the device with a third electrical conductor wound for at least one turn which forms a third main winding.
  • the winding axis for the turn or turns in the third main winding may either be coincident with or parallel to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the first main winding, thus providing a transformer effect between the first and the third main windings when at least one of this is excited, or the winding axis for the turn or turns in the third main winding may be coincident with or parallel to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding, thus providing a transformer effect between the third main winding and the control winding when at least one of this is excited
  • a fourth embodiment of the invention relates to a magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator, characterized in that in the same manner as in the third embodiment of the invention it comprises a first, external tubular body and a second, internal tubular body, each of which is composed of a magnetisable material and forms a closed, magnetic circuit or internal core.
  • the device also comprises an additional tubular body which provides an external core mounted on the outside of the first, external tubular body, where the bodies are concentric relative to each other and thus have a common axis, at least one first electrical conductor wound round the tubular bodies for at least one turn which forms a first main winding, at least one second electrical conductor provided in the space between the first and the second body and wound around the bodies' common axis for at least one turn which forms a second main winding or control winding, where the winding axis for the turn or turns in the main winding is at right angles to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding.
  • the object again is to provide orthogonal magnetic fields in the body and thereby control the behaviour of the magnetisable material relative to the field in the main winding by means of the field in the control winding.
  • the main winding and the control winding may be interchangeable, thus providing a device where at least one first electrical conductor is provided in the space between the first and the second bodies and wound round the bodies' common axis for at least one turn which forms a second main winding or control winding, at least one second electrical conductor is wound around the tubular bodies for at least one turn which forms a second main winding or control winding.
  • a preferred variant of this fourth embodiment of the invention comprises first and second magnetic field connectors which together with the bodies form the closed magnetic circuit.
  • This fourth embodiment of the device can also be adapted for use as a transformer by equipping it with a third electrical conductor wound around the external core for one turn which forms a third main winding.
  • winding axis for the turn or turns in the third main winding is coincident with or parallel to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the first main winding, thus providing a transformer effect between the first and the third main windings when at least one of this is excited
  • winding axis for the turn or turns in the third main winding is coincident with or parallel to the winding axis for the turn or turns in the control winding, thus providing a transformer effect between the third main winding and the control winding when at least one of this is excited.
  • this fourth embodiment of the invention in such a manner that the two tubular bodies which form the internal core are mounted on the outside of the tubular body forming the external core, thus providing an internal core with one tubular body and an external core with two tubular bodies.
  • the device is characterized in that the external core consists of several annular parts, and that the first and/or the third main winding forms individual windings around each annular part.
  • the control winding and/or the third main winding form individual windings around each annular part.
  • the fourth embodiment will be the one which will be preferred in principle.
  • the device according to the invention will have many interesting applications, of which we shall mention only a few. These are: a) as a component in a frequency converter for converting input frequency to randomly selected output frequency preferably intended for operation of an asynchronous motor, in a cycloconverter connection, b) as a connector in a frequency converter for converting input frequency to randomly selected output frequency and intended for operation of an asynchronous motor, for addition of parts of the phase voltage generated from a 6 or 12-pulse transformer to each motor phase, c) as a DC to AC converter which converts DC voltage/current to an AC voltage/current of randomly selected output frequency, d) as in c) but where three such variable inductance voltage converters are interconnected in order to generate a three-phase voltage with randomly selected output frequency which is connected to the said asynchronous machine, e) for converting AC voltage to DC voltage within the processing industry, where the device is used as a reluctance-controlled variable transformer where the output voltage is proportional to the reluctance change in
  • the voltage connector is without movable parts for absorbing electrical voltage between a generator and a load.
  • the function of the connector is to be able to control the voltage between the generator and the load from 0- 100% by means of a small control current.
  • a second function will be as a pure voltage switch or as a current regulator.
  • a further function could be forming and converting of a voltage curve.
  • the new technology according to the invention will be able to be used for upgrading existing diode rectifiers where there is a need for regulation.
  • it will be possible to balance voltages in the system in a simple manner while having controllable diode rectification from 0-100%.
  • the current or voltage regulator according to the invention is implemented in the form of a magnetic connector substantially without movable parts, and it will be able to be used for connecting and thereby transferring electrical energy between a generator and a load.
  • the function of the magnetic connector is to be capable of closing and opening an electrical circuit.
  • the connector will therefore act in a different way to a transductor where the transformer principle is employed in order to saturate the core.
  • the present connector controls the working voltage by bringing the main core with a main winding in and out of saturation by means of a control winding.
  • the connector has no noticeable transformative or inductive connection between the control winding and the main winding (in contrast to a transductor), i.e. no noticeable common flux is produced for the control winding and the main winding.
  • This new magnetically controlled connector technology will be capable of replacing semiconductors such as GTO's in high-powered applications, and MosFet or IGBT in other applications, except that it will be limited to applications which can withstand stray currents which are produced by the main winding's magnetisation no-load current.
  • the new converter will be particularly suitable for realising a frequency converter which converts alternating current power with a given frequency to alternating current power which has a different selected output frequency. No intermediate DC connection will be necessary in this case.
  • the device according to the invention is capable of being employed in connection with frequency converters, such as those based on the cycloconverter principle, but also frequency converters based on 12-pulse bridge converters, or by direct conversion of DC voltage to AC voltage of variable frequency.
  • frequency converters such as those based on the cycloconverter principle, but also frequency converters based on 12-pulse bridge converters, or by direct conversion of DC voltage to AC voltage of variable frequency.
  • the principle of the device according to the invention where a variable reluctance is employed in a magnetisable body or main core, is based on the fact that magnetisation current in a main winding, which is wound round a main core, is limited by the flux resistance according to Faraday's Law.
  • the flux which has to be established in order to generate counter-induced voltage is dependent on the flux resistance in the magnetic core.
  • the magnitude of the magnetisation current is determined by the amount of flux which has to be established in order to balance applied voltage.
  • the flux resistance in a coil where the core is air is of the order of 1.000 - 900.000 times greater than for a winding which is wound round a core of ferromagnetic material.
  • low flux resistance iron core
  • little current is required to establish a flux which is necessary to generate a bucking voltage to the applied voltage, according to Faraday's Law.
  • high flux resistance air core
  • a large current is required in order to establish the flux necessary to generate the same induced bucking voltage.
  • the magnetisation current or the load current in the circuit can be controlled.
  • a saturation of the main core is employed by means of a control flux which is orthogonal relative to the flux generated by the main winding.
  • both the connector and the converter can be produced by means of suitable production equipment for toroidal cores.
  • the converter can be produced by magnetic material such as electroplating being wound up in suitably designed cylindrical cores or used for higher frequencies with compressed powder or ferrite. It is, of course, also advantageous to produce ferrite cores or compressed powder cores according to the dictates of the application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the areas of the different magnetic fluxes which form part of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a first equivalent circuit for the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a simplified block diagram of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram for flux versus current.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate magnetisation curves and domains for the magnetic material in the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates flux densities for the main and control windings.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates the same second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate the second embodiment in section.
  • Figs. 15-18 illustrate different embodiments of the magnetic field connectors in the said second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 19-32 illustrate different embodiments of the tubular bodies in the second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 33-38 illustrate different aspects of the magnetic field connectors for use in the second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 39 illustrates an assembled device according to the second embodiment of the invention .
  • Figs. 40 and 41 are a section and a view of a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 42, 43 and 44 illustrate special embodiments of magnetic field connectors for use in the third embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 45 illustrates the third embodiment of the invention adapted for use as a transformer.
  • Figs. 46 and 47 are a section and a view of a fourth embodiment of the invention for use as a reluctance-controlled, flux-connected transformer.
  • Figs. 48 and 49 illustrate the fourth embodiment of the invention adapted to suit a powder-based magnetic material, and thereby without magnetic field connectors.
  • Figs. 50 and 51 are sections along lines VI- VI and V-V in figure 48.
  • Figs. 52 and 53 illustrate a core adapted to suit a powder-based magnetic material, and thereby without magnetic field connectors.
  • Fig. 54 is an "X-ray picture" of a variant of the fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 55 illustrates a second variant of the device according to the invention together with the principle behind a possibility for transformer connection.
  • Fig. 56 illustrates a proposal for an electro-technical schematic symbol for the voltage connector according to the invention.
  • Fig. 57 illustrates a proposal for a block schematic symbol for the voltage connector.
  • Fig. 58 illustrates a magnetic circuit where the control winding and control flux are not included.
  • figs. 59 and 60 there are proposals for electro-technical schematic symbols for the voltage converter according to the invention.
  • Fig. 61 illustrates the use of the invention in an alternating current circuit.
  • Fig. 62 illustrates the use of the invention in a three-phase system.
  • Fig. 63 illustrates a use as a variable choke in DC-DC converters.
  • Fig. 64 illustrates a use as a variable choke in a filter together with condensers.
  • Fig. 65 illustrates a simplified reluctance model for the device according to the invention and a simplified electrical equivalent diagram for the connector according to the invention.
  • Fig. 66 illustrates the connection for a magnetic switch.
  • Fig. 67 illustrates examples of a three-phase use of the invention.
  • Fig. 68 illustrates the device employed as a switch.
  • Fig. 69 illustrates a circuit comprising 6 devices according to the invention.
  • Fig. 70 illustrates the use of the device according to the invention as a DC- AC converter.
  • Fig. 71 illustrates a use of the device according to the invention as an AC-DC converter.
  • Figure 1 a illustrates a device comprising a body 1 of a magnetisable material which forms a closed magnetic circuit.
  • This magnetisable body or core 1 may be annular or of another suitable shape.
  • Round the body 1 is wound a first main winding 2, and the direction of the magnetic field HI (corresponding to the direction of the flux density Bl) which will be created when the main winding 2 is excited will follow the magnetic circuit.
  • the main winding 2 corresponds to a winding in an ordinary transformer.
  • the device includes a second main winding 3 which in the same way as the main winding 2 is wound round the magnetisable body 1 and which will thereby provide a magnetic field which extends substantially along the body 1 (i.e. parallel to HI, B l).
  • the device finally includes a third main winding 4 which in a preferred embodiment of the invention extends internally along the magnetic body 1.
  • the magnetic field H2 (and thus the magnetic flux density B2) which is created when the third main winding 4 is excited will have a direction which is at right angles to the direction of the fields in the first and the second main winding (direction of HI, Bl).
  • the invention may also include a fourth main winding 5 which is wound round a leg of the body 1. When the fourth main winding 5 is excited, it will produce a magnetic field with a direction which is at right angles both to the field in the first (HI), the second and the third main winding (H2) (figure 3). This will naturally require the use of a closed magnetic circuit for the field which is created by the fourth main winding. This circuit is not illustrated in the figure, since the figure is only intended to illustrate the relative positions of the windings.
  • Figures lb-lg illustrate the definition of the axes and the direction of the different windings and the magnetic body.
  • the main winding 2 will have an axis A2, the main winding 3 an axis A3 and the control winding 4 an axis A4.
  • the longitudinal direction will vary with respect to the shape. If the body is elongated, the longitudinal direction Al will correspond to the body's longitudinal axis. If the magnetic body is square as illustrated in figure la, a longitudinal direction Al can be defined for each leg of the square. Where the body is tubular, the longitudinal direction Al will be the tube's axis, and for an annular body the longitudinal direction Al will follow the ring's circumference.
  • the invention is based on the possibility of altering the characteristics of the magnetisable body 1 in relation to a first magnetic field by altering a second magnetic field which is at right angles to the first.
  • the field HI can be defined as the working field and control the body's 1 characteristics (and thereby the behaviour of the working field HI) by means of the field H2 (hereinafter called control field H2). This will now be explained in more detail.
  • the magnetisation current in an electrical conductor which is enclosed by a ferromagnetic material is limited by the reluctance according to Faraday's Law.
  • the flux which has to be established in order to generate counterinduced voltage depends on the reluctance in the magnetic material enclosing the conductor.
  • the extent of the magnetisation current is determined by the amount of flux which has to be established in order to balance applied voltage.
  • the following steady-state equation applies for sinusoidal voltage:
  • Aj cross-sectional area of the flux path
  • the magnetic induction or flux density in a magnetic material is determined by the material's relative permeability and the magnetic field intensity.
  • the magnetic field intensity is generated by the current in a winding arranged round or through the material.
  • the ratio between magnetic induction and field intensity is non-linear, with the result that when the field intensity increases above a certain limit, the flux density will not increase and on account of a saturation phenomenon which is due to the fact that the magnetic domains in a ferromagnetic material are in a state of saturation.
  • a control field H2 which is perpendicular to a working field HI in the magnetic material in order to control the saturation in the magnetisable material, while avoiding magnetic connection between the two fields and thereby avoiding transformative or inductive connection.
  • Transformative connection means a connection where two windings "share" a field, with the result that a change in the field from one winding will lead to a change in the field in the other winding.
  • the magnetic material as a tube where the main winding or the winding which carries the working current is located inside the tube and is wound in the tube's longitudinal direction, and where the control winding or the winding which carries the control current is wound round the circumference of the tube, the desired effect is achieved.
  • a small area for the control flux and a large area for the working flux are thereby also achieved.
  • the working flux will travel in the direction along the tube's circumference and have a closed magnetic circuit.
  • the control flux on the other hand will travel in the tube's longitudinal direction and will have to be connected in a closed magnetic circuit, either by two tubes being placed in parallel and a magnetic material connecting the control flux between the two tubes, or by a first tube being placed around a second tube, with the result that the control winding is located between the two tubes, and the end surfaces of the tubes are magnetically interconnected, thereby obtaining a closed path for the control flux.
  • the parts which provide magnetic connection between the tubes or the core parts will hereinafter be called magnetic field connectors or magnetic field couplings.
  • the total flux in the material is given by
  • the flux density B is composed of the vector sum of B l and B2 (fig. 4d).
  • B l is generated by the current II in the first main winding 2, and Bl has a direction tangentially to the conductors in the main winding 2.
  • the main winding 2 has Nl turns and is wound round the magnetisable body 1.
  • B2 is generated by the current 12 in the control winding 4 with N2 number of turns and where the control winding 4 is wound round the body 1.
  • B2 will have a direction tangentially to the conductors in the control winding 4. Since the windings 2 and 4 are placed at 90° to each other, Bl and B2 will be orthogonally located.
  • Bl will be oriented transversally and B2 longitudinally. In this connection we refer particularly to what is illustrated in figs. 1-4.
  • the relative permeability is higher in the working field's (HI) direction than in the control field's (H2) direction, i.e. the magnetic material in the magnetisable body 1 is anisotropic, but of course this should not be considered limiting with regard to the scope of the invention.
  • the vector sum of the fields HI and H2 will determine the total field in the body 1, and thus the body's 1 condition with regard to saturation, and will be determining for the magnetisation current and the voltage which is divided between a load connected to the main winding 2 and the connector. Since the sources for B 1 and B2 will be located orthogonally to each other, none of the fields will be able to be decomposed into the other. This means that B l cannot be a function of B2 and vice versa. However, B, which is the vector sum of B 1 and B2 will be influenced by the extent of each of them.
  • the cross- sectional surface A2 for the B2 vector will be the transversal surface of the magnetic body 1, cf. figure 4c. This may be a small surface limited by the thickness of the magnetisable body 1, given by the surface sector between the internal and external diameters of the body 1, in the case of an annular body.
  • the cross-sectional surface Al (see figures 4a, b) for the B l field on the other hand is given by the length of the magnetic core and the rating of applied voltage. This surface will be able to be 5-10 times larger than the surface of the control flux density B2, without this being considered limiting for the invention.
  • the inductance for the control winding 4 (with N2 turns) will be able to be rated at a small value suitable for pulsed control of the regulator, i.e. enabling a rapid reaction (of the order of milliseconds) to be provided.
  • the magnetic field has low frequency.
  • the displacement current can thus be neglected compared with the current density.
  • the permeability in the transversal direction is of the order of 1 to 2 decades less than for the longitudinal direction.
  • the permeability for vacuum is:
  • the capacity to conduct magnetic fields in iron is given by ⁇ r , and the magnitude of ⁇ is from 1000 to 100.000 for iron and for the new Metglas materials up to 900.000.
  • the invention is based on the physical fact that the differential of the magnetic field intensity which has its source in the current in a conductor is expressed by curl to the H field.
  • Curl to H says something about the differential or the field change of the H field across the field direction of H.
  • the field on the basis that the surface perpendicular of the differential field loop has the same direction as the current. This means that the fields from the current- carrying conductors forming the windings which are perpendicular to each other are also orthogonal.
  • the fact that the fields are perpendicular to each other is important in relation to the orientation of the domains in the material.
  • the left side of the integral is an expression of the potential equation in integral form.
  • the source of the field variation may be the voltage from a generator and we can express Faraday's Law when the winding has N turns and all flux passes through all the turns, see fig. 5:
  • ⁇ (Wb) gives an expression of the number of flux turns and is the sum of the flux through each turn in the winding. If one envisages the generator G in fig. 5 being disconnected after the field is established, the source of the field variation will be the current in the circuit and from circuit technology we have, see fig. 5a:
  • the self-inductance is equal to the ratio between the flux turns established by the current in the winding (the coil) and the current in the winding (the coil).
  • the self-inductance in the winding is approximately linear as long as the magnetisable body or the core are not in saturation. However, we shall change the self-inductance through changes in the permeability in the material of the magnetisable body by changing the domain magnetisation in the transversal direction by the control field (i.e. by the field H2 which is established by the control winding 4).
  • a transformer we employ closed cores with high permeability where energy is stored in magnetic leakage fields and a small amount in the core, but the stored energy does not form a direct part in the transformation of energy, with the result that no energy conversion takes place in the sense of what occurs in an electromechanical system where electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy, but energy is transformed via magnetic flux through the transformer.
  • the reluctance in the air gap is dominant compared to the reluctance in the core, with approximately all the energy being stored in the air gap.
  • a "virtual" air gap is generated through saturation phenomena in the domains.
  • the energy storage will take place in a distributed air gap comprising the whole core.
  • equation 35 For a system with a core where the reluctance can be varied and which only has a main winding, equation 35) inserted in equation 37) will give
  • L will be varied as a function of ⁇ r, the relative permeability in the magnetisable body or the core 1 , which in turn is a function of 12, the control current in the control winding 4.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates the magnetisation curves for the entire material of the magnetisable body 1 and the domain change under the influence of the HI field from the main winding 2.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the magnetisation curves for the entire material of the magnetisable body 1 and the domain change under the influence of the H2 field in the direction from the control winding 4.
  • Figs. 10a and 10b illustrate the flux densities B l (where the field HI is established by the working current), and B2 (corresponding to the control current).
  • the ellipse illustrates the saturation limit for the B fields, i.e. when the B field reaches the limit, this will cause the material of the magnetisable body 1 to reach saturation.
  • the form of the ellipse's axes will be given by the field length and the permeability of the two fields Bl (HI) and B2 (H2) in the core material of the magnetisable body 1.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 12 illustrates the same embodiment of a magnetically influenced connector according to the invention, where fig. 12a illustrates the assembled connector and fig. 12b illustrates the connector viewed from the end.
  • Figure 13 illustrates a section along line II in figure 12b.
  • the magnetisable body 1 is composed of inter alia two parallel tubes 6 and 7 made of magnetisable material.
  • the magnetic field connectors 10, 11 are mounted at the ends of the respective pipes 6, 7 in order to interconnect the tubes fieldwise in a loop.
  • the conductor 8 will be able to carry a load current 1 1 (fig. 12a).
  • the tubes' 6, 7 length and diameter will be determined on the basis of the power and voltage which have to be connected.
  • the number of turns Nl on the main winding 2 will be determined by the reverse blocking ability for voltage and the cross-sectional area of the extent of the working flux ⁇ 2.
  • the number of turns N2 on the control winding 4 is determined by • the fields required for saturation of the magnetisable body 1, which comprises the tubes 6, 7 and the magnetic field connectors 10, 11.
  • Figure 14 illustrates a special design of the main winding 2 in the device according to the invention. In reality, the solution in fig.
  • the magnetisable body 1 comprises two parallel tubes 6 and 7.
  • At least one combined control and magnetisation winding 4 and 4' is wound round the first tube 6 and the second tube 7 respectively, with the result that the field direction created on the said tube is oppositely directed.
  • magnetic field connectors 10, 11 are mounted on the end of respective tubes (6, 7) in order to interconnect the tubes 6 and 7 fieldwise in a loop, thereby forming the magnetisable body 1.
  • FIG. 15 An embodiment of magnetic field connectors 10 and/ or 11 is illustrated in figure 15.
  • a magnetic field connector 10, 11 is illustrated, composed of a magnetically conducting material, wherein two preferably circular apertures 12 for the conductor 8 in the main winding 2 (see, e.g. fig. 13) are machined out of the magnetic material in the connectors 10, 11. Moreover, there is provided a gap 13 which interrupts the magnetic field path of the conductor
  • End surface 14 is the connecting surface for the magnetic field H2 from the control winding 4 consisting of conductors 9 and 9' (fig. 13).
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a thin insulating film 15 which will be placed between the end surface on tubes 6 and 7 and the magnetic field connector 10, 11 in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 17 and 18 illustrate other alternative embodiments of the magnetic field connectors 10, 11.
  • Figures 19-32 illustrate various embodiments of a core 16 which in the embodiment illustrated in figures 12, 13 and 14 forms the main part of the tubes 6 and 7 which preferably together with the magnetic field connectors 10 and 11 form the magnetisable body 1.
  • Fig. 19 illustrates a cylindrical core part 16 which is divided lengthwise as illustrated and where there are placed one or more layers 17 of an insulating material between the two core halves 16', 16".
  • Fig. 20 illustrates a rectangular core part 16 and fig. 21 illustrates an embodiment of this core part 16 where it is divided in two with partial sections in the lateral surface.
  • fig. 21 illustrates an embodiment of this core part 16 where it is divided in two with partial sections in the lateral surface.
  • one or more layers of an insulating material 17 are provided between the core halves 16, 16'.
  • FIG. 22 A further variant is illustrated in figure 22 where the partial section is placed in each corner.
  • Figs. 23, 24 and 25 illustrate a rectangular shape.
  • Figures 26, 27 and 28 illustrate the same for a triangular shape.
  • Figs. 29 and 30 illustrate an oval variant, and finally figures 31 and 32 illustrate a hexagonal shape.
  • the hexagonal shape is composed of 6 equal surfaces 18 and in fig. 30 the hexagon consists of two parts 16' and 16".
  • Reference numeral 17 refers to a thin insulating film.
  • Figures 33 and 34 illustrate a magnetic field connector 10, 11 which can be used as a control field connector between the rectangular and square main cores 16 (illustrated in figures 20-21 and 23-25 respectively).
  • This magnetic field connector comprises three parts 10', 10" and 19.
  • Fig. 34 illustrates an embodiment of the core part or main core 16 where the end surface 14 or the connecting surface for the control flux is at right angles to the axis of the core part 16.
  • Fig. 35 illustrates a second embodiment of the core part 16 where the connecting surface 14 for the control flux is at an angle ⁇ to the axis of the core part 16.
  • Figures 36-38 illustrate various designs of the magnetic field connector 10, 11, which are based on the fact that the connecting surfaces 14' of the magnetic field connector 10, 11 are at the same angle as the end surfaces 14 to the core part 16.
  • Fig. 36 illustrates a magnetic field connector 10, 11 in which different hole shapes 12 are indicated for the main winding 2 on the basis of the shape of the core part 16 (round, triangular, etc.).
  • the magnetic connector 10, 11 is flat. It is adapted for use with core parts 16 with right-angled end surfaces 14.
  • FIG. 39 a an embodiment of the invention is illustrated with an assembly of magnetic field connectors 10, 11 and core parts 16.
  • Figure 39b illustrates the same embodiment viewed from the side.
  • Figures 40 and 41 are a sectional illustration and view respectively of a third embodiment of a magnetically influenced voltage connector device.
  • the device comprises (see figure 40b) a magnetisable body 1 comprising an external tube 20 and an internal tube 21 (or core parts 16, 16') which are concentric and made of a magnetisable material with a gap 22 between the external tube's 20 inner wall and the internal tube's 21 outer wall.
  • Magnetic field connectors 10, 11 between the tubes 20 and 21 are mounted at respective ends thereof (fig. 40a).
  • a spacer 23 (fig. 40a) is placed in the gap 22, thus keeping the tubes 20, 21 concentric.
  • a combined control and magnetisation winding 4 composed of conductors 9 is wound round the internal tube 21 and is located in the said gap 22.
  • the winding axis A2 for the control winding therefore coincides with the axis Al of the tubes 20 and 21.
  • Nl 1, ... r.
  • This embodiment of the device may also be modified in such a manner that the tubes 20, 21 do not have a circular cross section, but a cross section which is square, rectangular, triangular, etc.
  • Figs. 42-44 illustrate various embodiments of the magnetic field connector
  • Figure 42a illustrates in section and figure 42b in a view from above a magnetic field connector 10, 11 with connecting surfaces 14' at an angle relative to the axis of the tubes 20, 21 (the core parts 16) and it is obvious that the internal 21 and external 20 tubes should also be at the same angle to the connecting surfaces 14.
  • FIGS 43 and 44 illustrate other variants of the magnetic field connector 10,
  • Figure 43 illustrates a hollow semi-toroidal magnetic field connector 10, 11 with a hollow semi- circular cross section
  • figure 44 illustrates a toroidal magnetic field connector with a rectangular cross section.
  • FIG. 45 A variant of the device illustrated in figures 40 and 41 is illustrated in fig. 45, where figure 45a illustrates the device from the side while 45b illustrates it from above.
  • the only difference from the voltage connector in figs. 40-41 is that a second main winding 3 is wound in the same course as the main winding 2.
  • Figures 46 and 47 are a section and a view illustrating a fourth embodiment of the voltage connector with concentric tubes.
  • Figures 46 and 47 illustrate the voltage connector which acts as a voltage converter with joined cores.
  • An internal reluctance-controlled core 24 is located within an external core 25 round which is wound a main winding 2.
  • the reluctance-controlled internal core 24 has the same construction as mentioned previously under the description of figs. 40 and 41, but the only difference is that there is no main winding 2 round the core 24. It has only a control winding 4 which is located in the gap 22 between the inner 21 and outer parts forming the internal reluctance-controlled core 24, with the result that only core 24 is magnetically reluctance-controlled under the influence of a control field H2 (B2) from current in the control winding 4.
  • B2 control field
  • the main winding 2 in figs. 46 and 47 is a winding which encloses both core 24 and core 25.
  • figure 55 which illustrates the principle of the connection
  • figure 65 with a simplified equivalent diagram for the reluctance model where Rmk is the variable reluctance which controls the flux between the windings 2 and 3
  • figure 65b which illustrates an equivalent electrical circuit for the connection where Lk is the variable inductance.
  • An alternating voltage VI over winding 2 will establish a magnetisation current II in winding 2. This is generated by the flux ⁇ l + ⁇ l' in the cores 24 and 25 which requires to be established in order to provide the bucking voltage which according to Faraday's Law is generated in 2.
  • the flux will be divided between the cores 24 and 25 based on the reluctance in the respective cores 24 and 25.
  • the internal reluctance-controlled core 24 has to be supplied with control current 12.
  • the external core 25 could be made controllable, in addition to having a fourth main winding wound round the internal controllable core 24. This is to enable the voltage between the cores 24 and 25 to be controlled as required.
  • Fig. 48 describes a further variant of the fourth embodiment of a magnetically influenced voltage connector or voltage converter according to the invention, where the magnetisable body 1 is so designed that the control flux B2 (H2) is connected directly without a separate magnetic field connector through the main core 16.
  • Fig. 48 illustrates a voltage connector in the form of a toroid viewed from the side.
  • the voltage connector comprises two core parts 16 and 16', a main winding 2 and a control winding 4.
  • Fig. 49 illustrates a voltage connector according to the invention equipped with an extra main winding 3 which offers the possibility of converting the voltage.
  • Fig. 50 illustrates the device in figure 48 in section along line VI-VI in figure 48 and figure 51 illustrates a section along line V-V.
  • a circular aperture 12 is illustrated for placing the control winding 4.
  • Figure 51 illustrates an additional aperture 26 for passing through wiring.
  • Figures 52 and 53 illustrate the structure of a core 16 without windings and where the core 16 is so designed that there is no need for an extra magnetic field connector for the control field.
  • the core 16 has two core parts 16, 16' and an aperture 12 for a control winding 4.
  • This design is intended for use where the magnetic material is sintered or compressed powder-moulded material. In this case it will be possible to insert closed magnetic field paths in the topology, with the result that what were previously separate connectors which were required for foil-wound cores form part of the actual core and are a productive part of the structure.
  • the core which forms the closed magnetic circuit without separate magnetic field connectors and which is illustrated in these figures 52 and 53, will be able to be used in all the embodiments of the invention even though the figures illustrate a body 1 adapted for the first embodiment of the invention (illustrated inter alia in figures 1 and 2).
  • Figure 54 illustrates a magnetically influenced voltage converter device, where the device has an internal control core 24 consisting of an external tube 20 and an internal tube 21 which are concentric and made of a magnetisable material with a gap 22 between the external tube's 20 inner wall and the internal tube's 21 outer wall. Spacers 23 are mounted in the gap between the external tube's 20 inner wall and the internal tube's 21 outer wall. Magnetic field connectors 10, 11 are mounted between the tubes 20 and 21 at respective ends thereof. A combined control and magnetisation winding 4 is wound round the internal tube 21 and is located in the said gap 22.
  • the device further consists of an external secondary core 25 with windings comprising a plurality of ring core coils 25', 25", 25'" etc. placed on the outside of the control core 24.
  • Each ring core coil 25', 25", 25'" etc. consists of a ring of a magnetisable material wound round by a respective second main winding or secondary winding 3, only one of which is illustrated for the sake of clarity.
  • the secondary core device being located within the control core 24, in which case the primary winding 2 will have to be passed through the ring cores 25 and along the outside of the control core 24.
  • Figure 55 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the magnetically influenced voltage regulator according to the invention with a first reluctance-controlled core 24 and a second core 25, each of which is composed of a magnetisable material and designed in the form of a closed, magnetic circuit, the said cores being juxtaposed.
  • At least one first electrical conductor 8 is wound on to a main winding 2 about both the first and the second core's cross-sectional profile along at least a part of the said closed circuit.
  • At least one second electrical conductor 9 is mounted as a winding 4 in the reluctance-controlled core 24 in a form which essentially corresponds to the closed circuit.
  • At least one third electrical conductor 27 is wound round the second core's 25 cross-sectional profile along at least a part of the closed circuit.
  • the field direction from the first conductor's 8 winding 2 and the second conductor's 9 winding is orthogonal.
  • the first conductor 8 and the third conductor 27 form a primary winding 2 and a secondary winding 3 respectively.
  • Figure 56 illustrates a proposal for an electro-technical schematic symbol for the voltage connector according to the invention.
  • Fig. 57 illustrates a proposal for a block schematic symbol for the voltage connector.
  • Figure 58 illustrates a magnetic circuit where the control winding 4 and control flux B2 (H2) are not included.
  • Figure 61 illustrates the use of the invention in an alternating current circuit in order to control the voltage over a load RL, which may be a light source, a heat source or other load.
  • Figure 62 illustrates the use of the invention in a three-phase system where such a voltage connector in each phase, connected to a diode bridge, is used for a linear regulation of the output voltage from the diode bridge.
  • Figure 63 illustrates a use as a variable choke in DC-DC converters.
  • Figure 64 illustrates a use as a variable choke in a filter together with condensers.
  • a series and a parallel filter 64a and 64b respectively
  • the variable inductance can be used in a number of filter topologies.
  • a further application of the invention is that described inter alia in connection with figures 14 and 45, where proposals for schematic symbols were given in figure 59.
  • the voltage connector has a function as a voltage converter where a secondary winding is added.
  • An application as a voltage regulator is also illustrated here, where the magnetisation current in the transformer connection and the leakage reactance are controllable via the control winding 4.
  • the special feature of this system is that the transformer equations will apply, while at the same time the magnetisation current can be controlled by changing ⁇ r. In this case, therefore, the characteristic of the transformer can be regulated to a certain extent.
  • FIG. 46 and 47 Another application of the invention is illustrated in figures 46 and 47, where a variable reluctance as control core is surrounded or enclosed by one or more separate cores with separate windings, as well as figure 55 where a first reluctance-controlled core and a second core are designed as closed magnetic circuits and are juxtaposed.
  • figure 65 which illustrates an equivalent electrical circuit.
  • Figure 55 illustrates how the fluxes in the invention travel in the cores.
  • the flux in the control core is connected to the flux in the working core via the windings enclosing both cores. In this system transformation of electrical energy will be able to be controlled by flux being connected to and disconnected from a control core and a working core.
  • Winding 2 which now encloses both the reluctance-controlled control core 24 and the main core 25 will establish flux in both cores.
  • the self-inductance LI to 2 tells how much flux, or how many flux turns are produced in the cores when a current is passed in II in 2.
  • the mutual inductance between the primary winding 2 and the secondary winding 3 indicates how many of the flux turns established by 2 and II are turned about 2 and about the secondary winding 3.
  • main core 25 being reluctance-controlled, but for the sake of simplicity we shall refer here to a system with a main core 25 where the reluctance is constant, and a control core 24 where the reluctance is variable.
  • Fig. 55 illustrates a simplified model of the transformer where the primary 2 and secondary 3 windings are each wound around a transformer leg, while in practice they will preferably be wound on the same transformer leg, and in our case, for example, the outer ring core which is the main core 25 will be wound around the secondary winding 3 distributed along the entire core 25. Similarly, the primary winding 2 will be wound around the main core 25 and the control core 24 which may be located concentrically and within the main core.
  • Figure 65 illustrates a simplified reluctance model for the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 65b illustrates a simplified electrical equivalent diagram for the connector according to the invention, where the reluctances are replaced by inductances.
  • a current in 2 generates flux in the cores 24 and 25 :
  • ⁇ p total flux established by the current in 2.
  • ⁇ k the total flux travelling through the control core 24.
  • ⁇ part of the total flux travelling through the main core 25.
  • ⁇ may be regarded as a controlled leakage flux.
  • Figure 65b therefore illustrates the principle of the reluctance-controlled connector, where the inductance L ⁇ absorbs the voltage from the primary side.
  • the magnetisation of the cores relative to applied voltage and frequency is so rated that the main core 25 and the control core 24 can each separately absorb the entire time voltage integral without going into saturation.
  • the area of iron on the control and working cores is equal without this being considered as limiting for the invention.
  • control core 24 Since the control core 24 is not in saturation on account of the main winding 2, we shall be able to reset the control core 24 independently of the working flux B l (HI), thereby achieving the object by means of the invention of realising a magnetic switch. If necessary the main core 25 may be reset after an on pulse or a half on period by the necessary MMF being returned in the second half-period only in order to compensate for any distortions in the magnetisation current.
  • An important application of the invention will thus be as a frequency converter with reluctance-controlled switches and a DC-AC or AC-DC converter by employing the reluctance-controlled switch in traditional frequency converter connections and rectifier connections.
  • a frequency converter variant may be envisaged realised by adding bits of sinus voltages from each phase in a three-phase system, each connected to a separate reluctance-controlled core which in turn is connected to one or more adding cores which are magnetically connected to the reluctance-controlled cores through a common winding through the adding cores and the reluctance-controlled cores. Parts of sinus voltages can then be connected from the reluctance-controlled cores into the adding core and a voltage with a different frequency is generated.
  • a DC-AC converter may be realised by connecting a DC voltage to the main winding enclosing the working core, where this time the working core is also wound round a secondary winding where we can obtain a sinus voltage by changing the flux connection between working core and control core sinusoidally.
  • Fig. 66 illustrates the connection for a magnetic switch. This may, of course, also act as an adjustable transformer.
  • FIGS 67 and 67a illustrate an example of a three-phase design. All the other three-phase rectifier connectors are, of course, also feasible. By means of connection to a diode bridge or individual diodes to the respective outlets in a 12-pulse connector, an adjustable rectifier is obtained.
  • the size of the reluctance-controlled core is determined by the range of adjustment which is required for the transformer, (0-100% or 80-110%) for the voltage.
  • Figure 67b illustrates the use of the device according to the invention as a connector in a frequency converter for converting input frequency to randomly selected output frequency and intended for operation of an asynchronous motor, for adding parts of the phase voltage generated from a 6 or 12-pulse transformer to each motor phase (figure 67b).
  • Fig. 68 illustrates the device used as a switch in a UFC (unrestricted frequency changer with forced commutation).
  • Fig. 69 illustrates a circuit comprising 6 devices 28-33 according to the invention.
  • the devices 28-33 are employed as frequency converters where the period of the voltages generated is composed of parts of the fundamental frequency. This works by "letting through" only the positive half-periods or parts of the half-periods of a sinus voltage in order to make the positive new half-period in the new sinus voltage, and subsequently the negative half- periods or parts of the negative half-periods in order thereby to make the negative half-periods in the new sinus voltage. In this way a sinus voltage is generated with a frequency from 10% to 100%) of the fundamental frequency.
  • This converter also acts as a soft start since the voltage on the output is regulated via the reluctance control of the connection between the primary and the secondary winding.
  • Fig. 70 illustrates the use of the device according to the invention as a DC to AC converter.
  • the main winding 2 in the connector is excited by a DC voltage Ul which establishes a field HI (Bl) both in the control core 24 and in the main core 25 (these are not shown in the figure).
  • the number of turns Nl, N2, N3 and the area of iron are designed in such a manner that none of the cores are in saturation in steady state.
  • a control signal i.e. excitation of the control winding 4
  • the flux B2 (H2) therein will be transferred to the main core 25 and a change in the flux B 1 (HI) in this core 25 will induce a voltage in the secondary winding (main winding 3).
  • a sinusoidal control current 12 a sinusoidal voltage will be able to be generated on the secondary side (main winding 3), with the same frequency as the control voltage Ul .
  • Figure 70b illustrates the use of the invention as a converter with a change of reluctance.
  • Figure 71 illustrates a use of the device according to the invention as an AC- DC converter. The same control principle is used here as that explained above in the description of a frequency converter in fig. 69.
  • Figure 71b illustrates a diagram of the time of the device's input and output voltage.
  • the voltage connector according to the invention is substantially without movable parts for the absorption of electrical voltage between a generator and a load. The function of the connector is to be able to control the voltage between the generator and the load from 0-100% by means of a small control current. A second function will be purely as a voltage switch. A further function could be forming and transforming of a voltage curve.
  • the new technology according to the invention will be capable of being used for upgrading existing diode rectifiers, where there is a need for regulation.
  • it will be possible to balance voltages in the system in a simple manner while having controllable rectification from 0-100%.
  • Magnetic properties considered to be important include hysteresis loss, saturation flux level, permeability, magnetisation capacity in the two main directions of the material and magnetostriction.
  • the electrical units frequency, voltage and power to the energy sources and users involved in the invention will be determining for the choice of material.
  • Suitable materials include the following: a) Iron - silicon steel: produced as a strip of a thickness approximately 0. lmm-0.3mm and width from 10mm to 1100mm and rolled up into coils.
  • Iron - nickel alloys permalloys
  • iron - cobalt alloys permendur
  • Amorphous alloys, Metglas produced as a strip of a thickness of approximately 20 ⁇ m - 50 ⁇ m, width from 4mm to 200mm and rolled up into coils. Very high permeability, very low loss, can be made with almost 0 magnetostriction. Exists in a countless number of variants, iron-based, cobalt-based, etc. Fantastic properties but high price.
  • Soft ferrites Sintered in special forms developed for the converter industry. Used at high frequencies due to small loss. Low flux density. Low loss. Restrictions on physically realisable size.
  • Compressed powder cores Compressed iron powder alloy in special shapes developed for special applications. Low permeability, maximum approximately 400-600 to-day. Low loss, but high flux density. Can be produced in very complicated shapes.
  • All sintered and press-moulded cores can implement the topologies which are relevant in connection with the invention without the need for special magnetic field connectors, since the actual shape is made in such a way that closed magnetic field paths are obtained for the relevant fields.
  • cores are made based on rolled sheet metal, they will have to be supplemented by one or more magnetic field connectors.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un régulateur de courant ou de tension influencé par le magnétisme, comprenant un corps (1) constitué d'un matériau magnétisable constituant un circuit magnétique fermé, au moins un premier conducteur électrique (8) enroulé autour du corps d'un premier enroulement principal (2) et au moins un deuxième conducteur électrique (9) enroulé autour du corps d'un deuxième enroulement principal (4). L'axe d'enroulement (A2) de l'enroulement principal (2) forme un angle droit avec l'axe d'enroulement (A4) de l'enroulement de commande (4), de manière que des champs magnétiques orthogonaux (H1, B1 et H2, B2 respectivement) soient produits dans le corps et que le comportement du matériau magnétisable par rapport au champ (H1, B1) dans l'enroulement principal (2) soit commandé par le champ (H2, B21) dans l'enroulement de commande (4).
PCT/NO2001/000217 2000-05-24 2001-05-23 Transformateur et regulateur de tension ou de courant a commande magnetique WO2001090835A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020027015975A KR100886658B1 (ko) 2000-05-24 2001-05-23 자기적으로 제어되는 전류 또는 전압 조정기 및 변압기
EP01934653A EP1303800B1 (fr) 2000-05-24 2001-05-23 Transformateur et regulateur de tension ou de courant a commande magnetique
DE60117141T DE60117141T2 (de) 2000-05-24 2001-05-23 Magnetgesteuerter strom- oder spannungsregler und transformator
CA002409377A CA2409377C (fr) 2000-05-24 2001-05-23 Transformateur et regulateur de tension ou de courant a commande magnetique
JP2001587164A JP4874493B2 (ja) 2000-05-24 2001-05-23 磁気制御電流ないし電圧調整器および変圧器
AU2001260814A AU2001260814A1 (en) 2000-05-24 2001-05-23 Magnetic controlled current or voltage regulator and transformer
US10/278,908 US6933822B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2002-10-24 Magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator and a magnetically influenced converter
US10/685,345 US7026905B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2003-10-14 Magnetically controlled inductive device
US11/033,483 US7193495B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2005-01-11 Magnetically influenced current or voltage regulator and a magnetically influenced converter
US11/347,483 US7256678B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-02-03 Magnetically controlled inductive device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003044612A1 (fr) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-30 Magtech As Appareil a impedance reglable
WO2003044613A1 (fr) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-30 Magtech As Transformateur commandable
WO2005010630A1 (fr) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-03 Magtech As Demarreur doux pour moteur asynchrone
WO2005036568A1 (fr) 2003-10-14 2005-04-21 Magtech As Dispositif inductif commandable
US6965291B2 (en) * 2001-11-21 2005-11-15 Magtech As Circuit component and transformer device with controllable impedance and with systems equipped with such devices
WO2005119711A1 (fr) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Magtech As Inducteur variable
US7026905B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-04-11 Magtech As Magnetically controlled inductive device
US7180206B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2007-02-20 Magtech As System for voltage stabilization of power supply lines
US7259544B2 (en) 2004-10-14 2007-08-21 Magtech As Load symmetrization with controllable inductor
WO2009126046A1 (fr) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Magtech As Système de transmission de puissance
US10062498B2 (en) 2014-09-02 2018-08-28 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Composite magnetic component
KR20190064495A (ko) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-10 프레모, 에세엘레 환형 자기력 장치
WO2019158967A1 (fr) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-22 Hinde Matthew Ainsley Dispositif et procédé d'amplification de puissance
US10648474B2 (en) 2016-06-07 2020-05-12 Leyold GmbH Device and method for driving a vacuum pump
CN113647002A (zh) * 2019-04-10 2021-11-12 西门子能源环球有限责任两合公司 电路装置、电解设备和电路装置或电解设备的运行方法
RU2781691C1 (ru) * 2022-01-14 2022-10-17 Першина Светлана Сергеевна Измерительный трансформатор тока
EP4131699A1 (fr) * 2021-08-03 2023-02-08 Zimmermann Industrieservice Elektrotechnik Ideen UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Dispositif transducteur et système de lissage pour consommateurs de courant secteur

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PL219054B1 (pl) * 2010-12-03 2015-03-31 Akademia Górniczo Hutnicza Im Stanisława Staszica W Krakowie Zintegrowany element indukcyjny
CN102637513B (zh) * 2012-05-07 2015-05-13 上海电机学院 可改善输出波形的变压器及其改善输出波形的方法
RU2554924C2 (ru) * 2013-02-08 2015-07-10 Олег Фёдорович Меньших Двигатель постоянного тока с косокруговыми обмотками
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KR101512072B1 (ko) * 2014-05-22 2015-04-21 현대중공업 주식회사 변압기
JP6364131B2 (ja) * 2015-05-15 2018-07-25 ハリバートン エナジー サヴィシーズ インコーポレイテッド 特別なスペース制約を有する工具用の形状的に変更可能なマルチコアインダクタ及び方法
ES2941248T3 (es) 2016-12-19 2023-05-19 Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag Regulador de tensión longitudinal
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KR102020633B1 (ko) * 2018-04-30 2019-09-11 주식회사 쎄크 트랜스포머, 이를 구비하는 제너레이터 및 엑스레이 발생장치
KR20220033845A (ko) 2020-09-10 2022-03-17 창원대학교 산학협력단 초전도 고장 전류 제한기의 자기 특성 추정 장치, 방법 및 이를 이용한 비선형 인덕턴스 추정 방법
WO2023122118A1 (fr) * 2021-12-21 2023-06-29 Our Next Energy, Inc. Inducteur multiphase à couplage transversal à noyau unique
CN116864277B (zh) * 2023-07-26 2024-03-15 兆和能源(威海)有限公司 一种基于电磁平衡控制节电器

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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7026905B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-04-11 Magtech As Magnetically controlled inductive device
US7256678B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2007-08-14 Magtech As Magnetically controlled inductive device
US6965291B2 (en) * 2001-11-21 2005-11-15 Magtech As Circuit component and transformer device with controllable impedance and with systems equipped with such devices
US7061356B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2006-06-13 Magtech As Controllable transformer
JP2005510076A (ja) * 2001-11-21 2005-04-14 マグテック エーエス 制御可能なインピーダンスを有するデバイス
KR100981194B1 (ko) * 2001-11-21 2010-09-10 매그테크 에이에스 제어가능한 변압기
WO2003044612A1 (fr) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-30 Magtech As Appareil a impedance reglable
WO2003044613A1 (fr) * 2001-11-21 2003-05-30 Magtech As Transformateur commandable
US6788180B2 (en) 2001-11-21 2004-09-07 Magtech As Controllable transformer
US7180206B2 (en) 2002-12-12 2007-02-20 Magtech As System for voltage stabilization of power supply lines
WO2005010630A1 (fr) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-03 Magtech As Demarreur doux pour moteur asynchrone
JP2007508711A (ja) * 2003-10-14 2007-04-05 マグテック エーエス 制御可能誘導装置
EP1676284B1 (fr) * 2003-10-14 2011-11-30 Magtech As Noyau pour dispositif inductif commandable
WO2005036568A1 (fr) 2003-10-14 2005-04-21 Magtech As Dispositif inductif commandable
WO2005119711A1 (fr) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Magtech As Inducteur variable
US7259544B2 (en) 2004-10-14 2007-08-21 Magtech As Load symmetrization with controllable inductor
WO2009126046A1 (fr) * 2008-04-11 2009-10-15 Magtech As Système de transmission de puissance
US8558416B2 (en) 2008-04-11 2013-10-15 Magtech As Power transmission system
US10062498B2 (en) 2014-09-02 2018-08-28 Cyntec Co., Ltd. Composite magnetic component
US10648474B2 (en) 2016-06-07 2020-05-12 Leyold GmbH Device and method for driving a vacuum pump
KR20190064495A (ko) * 2017-11-30 2019-06-10 프레모, 에세엘레 환형 자기력 장치
KR102145338B1 (ko) 2017-11-30 2020-08-19 프레모, 에세.아. 환형 자기력 장치
WO2019158967A1 (fr) * 2018-02-14 2019-08-22 Hinde Matthew Ainsley Dispositif et procédé d'amplification de puissance
CN113647002A (zh) * 2019-04-10 2021-11-12 西门子能源环球有限责任两合公司 电路装置、电解设备和电路装置或电解设备的运行方法
EP4131699A1 (fr) * 2021-08-03 2023-02-08 Zimmermann Industrieservice Elektrotechnik Ideen UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Dispositif transducteur et système de lissage pour consommateurs de courant secteur
RU2781691C1 (ru) * 2022-01-14 2022-10-17 Першина Светлана Сергеевна Измерительный трансформатор тока

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DE60117141T2 (de) 2006-10-05
KR20030007703A (ko) 2003-01-23
ATE317565T1 (de) 2006-02-15
KR100886658B1 (ko) 2009-03-04
NO20002652D0 (no) 2000-05-24
JP4874493B2 (ja) 2012-02-15
CA2409377A1 (fr) 2001-11-29
JP2003534591A (ja) 2003-11-18
AU2001260814A1 (en) 2001-12-03
CN1248246C (zh) 2006-03-29
CN1444741A (zh) 2003-09-24
NO20002652L (no) 2001-11-26
NO317045B1 (no) 2004-07-26

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