WO2001089114A2 - Procede permettant d'ameliorer la fiabilite et l'efficacite de la mise en reseau des communications aeronautiques par utilisation des donnees emises par des stations d'aeronef de mode 4 a liaison de donnees par vhf - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'ameliorer la fiabilite et l'efficacite de la mise en reseau des communications aeronautiques par utilisation des donnees emises par des stations d'aeronef de mode 4 a liaison de donnees par vhf Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001089114A2
WO2001089114A2 PCT/US2001/015197 US0115197W WO0189114A2 WO 2001089114 A2 WO2001089114 A2 WO 2001089114A2 US 0115197 W US0115197 W US 0115197W WO 0189114 A2 WO0189114 A2 WO 0189114A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
aircraft
aeronautical
communications
ground
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/015197
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001089114A3 (fr
Inventor
Stephen Heppe
Prasad Nair
Steven Friedman
Original Assignee
Adsi, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US09/848,541 external-priority patent/US20020004401A1/en
Priority claimed from US09/848,550 external-priority patent/US20020045974A1/en
Priority claimed from US09/848,536 external-priority patent/US20020004393A1/en
Application filed by Adsi, Inc. filed Critical Adsi, Inc.
Priority to AU2001261419A priority Critical patent/AU2001261419A1/en
Publication of WO2001089114A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001089114A2/fr
Publication of WO2001089114A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001089114A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
    • H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service
    • H04B7/18508—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service with satellite system used as relay, i.e. aeronautical mobile satellite service

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to the economical provision of data networking services to and from aircraft.
  • NDL/4 operates at 19.2 kbps and uses a self-organizing time-division multiple-access scheme for packet data communications. Part of the channel management scheme for NDL/4 relies on aircraft position information. Another part relies on accurate time known to all participating stations. A modification of the p-persistent algorithm used by ACARS is also included for some transmissions. NDL/4 has the potential to support several user applications including automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B) and air/ground networking. Management and control information for a telecommunications network frequently consumes valuable bandwidth and data carrying capacity, which correspondingly reduces the quantity of user information that can be transferred in a specified period of time.
  • ADS-B automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast
  • Out-of-band signaling is not commonly applied in aeronautical RF networks.
  • aeronautical RF networks where call setup and other system configuration information is segregated from customer data communications by e.g. frequency, time or code division multiplex, out-of-band signaling may be considered to exist in a logical sense, but a common RF resource is nevertheless consumed to a greater or lesser degree.
  • Radio-frequency (RF) subnetworks providing air/ground connectivity directly or via satellites and other media, must be capable of providing high-data-rate communications : 2. Many existing and planned commercial high-data-rate RF subnetworks assume stationary or slowly-moving user terminals, in contrast to aircraft which move rapidly.
  • AOC and other airline- or crew-related communications are typically supported in a separate frequency band from passenger communications;
  • RF subnetwork services may involve location-dependent pricing mechanisms.
  • Certain RF subnetworks may be constrained to avoid airborne transmissions in certain geographic domains, e.g. regions surrounding radio astronomy observatories.
  • 7. Efficient sharing of a common communications channel by multiple aircraft generally requires the use of a suitable multiple-access protocol, which may be a distributed protocol or a centrally-managed protocol whereas transmissions from one or several ground stations or spacecraft can be managed from a central location so that overlapping transmissions are avoided, and the consequential loss of data is minimized.
  • the present invention uses selected network management data transmitted within NDL/4 RF subnetworks, or information derived from network management data transmitted within NDL/4 subnetworks, to efficiently manage a separate RF subnetwork or set of subnetworks, which may be in the same or a different frequency band of operation, h another embodiment, the present invention uses an ICAO- standard or modified NDL/4 RF network as a primary transmission path for data transmitted from aircraft to ground stations, and one or more separate RF network(s) as a primary transmission path for data transmitted from ground stations to aircraft.
  • the unique characteristics of each network provide for a cost-effective solution to the two-way aeronautical networking problem.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a terrestrial air/ground data network comprising several fixed ground stations and an aircraft station.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a satellite air/ground data subnetwork comprising a satellite relay, satellite earth station and aircraft station.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates several aircraft stations 31 and 32, and several aeronautical (fixed ground) stations 33, 34 and 35, operating in a NDL/4 network.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a hybrid air/ground data network according to the present invention, comprising a NDL/4 RF subnetwork and additional RF subnetworks, wherein selected NDL/4 network management data is made available to one or more of the facilities of the additional RF subnetworks in order to enhance the efficiency of the additional RF subnetworks.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an aircraft operating in a VDL/4 network A as well as another RF communications network B, wherein management and control information for network B is exchanged through the NDL/4 network A.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a hybrid air/ground data network according to the present invention, comprising an ICAO-standard or modified NDL/4 RF network and one or more additional RF networks.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a terrestrial air/ground data network comprising several fixed ground stations 11, 12, 13 and an aircraft station 14.
  • Examples of this type of network are the ACARS network implemented by SITA and the proposed network for NHF Data Link Mode 2.
  • an aircraft 14 will frequently operate with the nearest fixed ground station as determined by RF signal strength considerations (although other factors may also apply, and control algorithms may be used to minimize the frequency with which handoffs between ground stations are executed).
  • FIG. 1 if d x ⁇ (L, and d ⁇ ⁇ d 3 , the aircraft 14 would typically operate with fixed ground station 11.
  • all uplinlc data addressed to aircraft 14 is handled through fixed ground station 11.
  • an aircraft makes handoff decisions based on RF signal strength of the uplinlc transmissions from the various fixed ground stations which it can detect.
  • fixed ground station transmit antenna gain and aircraft receive antenna gain aircraft occasionally make an incorrect decision and lose connectivity.
  • the aircraft broadcasts a downlink message and a plurality of ground stations which receive said message will forward it to a central processing site in order to gain space diversity.
  • the central site selects, for each uplink transmission, one of the plurality of ground stations for uplink transmission.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an aeronautical satellite network comprising a fixed ground station (satellite earth station) 21, a relay satellite 22 supporting an operational coverage area 23, and an aircraft 24 within the operational coverage area. Also shown is an operational exclusion zone 25, for example as may be associated with a radio- quiet zone surrounding an observatory operating in the Radio Astronomy Service.
  • the control system of the aeronautical satellite network may be required to ensure that no aircraft transmissions take place while the aircraft 24 is within the operational exclusion zone 25. Accurate and timely aircraft position and velocity information can increase the efficiency and reliability of aeronautical communication system control, improve user quality of service, provide a means to verify compliance with regulatory constraints and serve as an aid in regional pricing.
  • Certain avionics on the aircraft may have accurate and timely position and velocity information, but most traditional aeronautical communication systems do not have direct access to this information and most therefore estimate the relevant parameters from signal features available within the communications system itself.
  • an aeronautical communications system has access to aircraft navigation information and transports this information within the aeronautical communications system, an overhead penalty is incurred due to the opportunity cost of transporting said information.
  • the ICAO-standard NHF Data Link Mode 4 is an aeronautical communications protocol wherein position and velocity information is exchanged by stations compliant with the protocol.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates several aircraft stations 31 and 32, and several aeronautical (fixed ground) stations 33, 34 and 35, operating in a VDL/4 network. Aircraft 31 is within range of aircraft 32 and ground station 33; aircraft 32 is within range of aircraft 32 and all 3 ground stations 33, 34 and 35. Each aircraft and aeronautical station periodically or aperiodically broadcasts 3D position and velocity information, as well as selected other information, which may be received by other VDL/4 stations within range.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention, wherein synchronization messages transmitted by a VDL/4 - compliant aircraft station 40 are received by a VDL/4 - compliant aeronautical ground station 41 and relevant synchronization information contained therein is then transmitted to one or more communications control facilities (CCFx) 30, 35 of one or more other aeronautical communication networks, via appropriate internetworking means, where said relevant synchronization information may be used for e.g.
  • CCFx communications control facilities
  • CCFl 30 is a communications control facility for a satellite network comprising ground station 31, satellite 32 and communicating with aircraft 40.
  • CCF2 35 is a communications control facility for a terrestrial network comprising ground stations 36, 37, 38 and communicating with aircraft 40.
  • Relevant synchronization information derived from VDL/4 synchronization bursts received at VDL/4 - compliant ground station 41, can also be delivered to Application Service Providers 39 where said information may be used e.g. to select one of several alternative networks for carriage of particular information to/from the aircraft 40. This might be used, for example, to switch between network service providers based on cost or policy considerations, or to switch between network service providers based on the anticipated communications reliability given the known location of aircraft 40.
  • a terrestrial or satellite-based system A, or application service provider B which relies in part on estimates of the 3D position or velocity for aircraft served, benefits by the accuracy of the data contained in or derived from VDL/4 synchronization bursts and avoids the cost and overhead penalty of determining this information autonomously, i.e. using the resources and means wholly contained within system A or otherwise available to the application service provider B.
  • the relevant information is delivered to appropriate facilities of the terrestrial or satellite- based system A, or application service provider B, via terrestrial internetworking means or interwiring means which are typically more cost-effective than the RF networking resources comprising the terrestrial or satellite-based system A.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an aircraft 50 operating in a VDL/4 network A comprising radio Rl 51 installed on the aircraft and ground station 52, as well as auxiliary elements not shown.
  • FIG. 5 also illustrates another RF communications network B comprising radio R2 53 with associated management unit 54 installed on the aircraft, ground station 55, and communications control facility 56.
  • Management and control information for network B is exchanged through the VDL/4 network A, appropriate interwiring means between radio Rl and the airborne management unit 54, and appropriate interwiring means or internetworking means between ground station 52 operating in the VDL/4 network and CCF2 56 operating as an element of communications network B.
  • Management unit 54 and CCF2 56 perform management and control tasks for communications network B including e.g. hardware configuration control, handoff between ground stations, frequency tuning and channel access.
  • Management and control information for communications network B exchanged through the VDL/4 network A, is treated as user data in VDL/4 network A and routed to/from the airborne management unit 54 and ground-based CCF2 56 using e.g. a standard internetworking protocol such as IPv6 or the ATN.
  • Management and control information for communications network B may also be exchanged within communications network B as an adjunct to the exchange of management and control information through VDL/4 network A, either as an alternative route or for the exchange of different classes of management and control information.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a hybrid air/ground data network according to the present invention, comprising an ICAO-standard or modified VDL/4 RF network A and one or more additional RF networks B, C, etc.
  • the VDL/4 RF network A is the primary transmission path for data transmitted from aircraft to ground stations
  • the separate one or more non- VDL/4 RF network(s) B, C, etc. is(are) the primary transmission path for data transmitted from ground stations to aircraft.
  • the VDL/4 network A comprises an airborne radio R x 61 with associated antenna, ground station GS j 62 with associated antenna, and ground-based network control facilities (not shown). There may be several aircraft participating in one VDL/4 network, and there may be several ground stations.
  • the other RF network B comprises an airborne radio R 2 63 with associated antenna, ground station GS 2 64 with associated antenna, and ground-based network control facilities (not shown). There may be several aircraft participating in RF network B, and there may be several ground stations associated with RF network B. If more than one other RF network is available, e.g. network C, D, etc. as illustrated in FIG. 6 by additional radios R,. and ground stations GS n , they may use different technologies and frequency bands from those used by the first other RF network B comprising radio R 2 63 and GS 2 64.
  • RF network B could be terrestrial UHF while an additional RF network C could be satellite-based.
  • each RF network A, B, C, etc. provides two-way communications between aircraft and ground stations, however certain RF networks may be primarily or strictly limited to "forward link" communications only (i.e. transmissions to the aircraft).
  • An airborne server 65 and ground-based server 66 provide means to route data to/from desired applications and ground-based facilities (not shown) via the various available networks A, B, C, etc.
  • the NDL/4 network is modified from the ICAO standard to operate in the UHF portion of the frequency band (300-3000 MHz) and at least one of the other RF networks B, C, D, etc. is a satellite-based wideband network providing "forward link" communications only.
  • the modifications to the VDL/4 network, in order to operate efficiently in the UHF portion of the frequency spectrum, may involve changes in data rate, modulation index, coding, etc., but the media access protocols defined by the ICAO standard are entirely or substantially unchanged.
  • the modified VDL/4 network provides efficient access to one or several UHF frequency channels by a multiplicity of participating aircraft, allowing efficient return link data transfer (i.e., transmissions from an aircraft to the ground) as well as an optional path for forward link data transfer.
  • Control traffic and network management data for the modified VDL/4 network are transmitted and received by aircraft and ground stations. Since the satellite-based wideband network B provides a primary path for forward link communications only, aircraft operate in receive-only mode (for network B) which reduces weight and complexity of airborne equipment, and the network B can be operated as a multiplexed broadcast channel with high throughput efficiency. This maximizes the utility and cost-effectiveness of the satellite-based network resources associated with network B.
  • the aircraft position and velocity information transferred as part of the network management and synchronization protocol of the modified VDL/4 network A, can be used to enhance the operation of the satellite-based network B (e.g. by allowing the selection of one of several spot beams, or doppler pre- compensation).
  • the VDL/4 network operates in the VHF portion of the frequency spectrum according to the ICAO standard, communications data associated with safety and regularity of flight are carried with a high priority, and communications data for passenger correspondence are carried at a lower priority which avoids excessive time delay for higher-priority communications.
  • a network B (which may be satellite-based) provides two-way communications (forward link and return link).
  • the two-way communications capability may be available at all times of desired transmission or only a subset of said times of desired transmission.
  • This embodiment requires aircraft to support transmit capability within the network B, but provides enhanced or redundant coverage considering the two networks together and still allows the network B to preferentially operate with a large fraction of its resources configured for forward-link communications.
  • interwiring and internetworking means can include any suitable wiring or networking infrastructure capable of providing the necessary communications, such as a wiring harness or a LAN or WAN.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention utilise des données de gestion de réseau sélectionnées transmises dans des sous réseaux VDL/4, ou des informations obtenues à partir de données de gestion de réseau transmises dans des sous réseaux VDL/4, de façon à gérer efficacement un sous réseau RF distinct ou un ensemble de sous réseaux. Cette invention utilise un réseau RF à mode 4 VLD comme trajet d'émission principal pour les données émises d'un aéronef vers les stations au sol, et un ou plusieurs réseaux RF distincts comme trajet d'émission principal pour les données émises des stations au sol vers l'aéronef. Les caractéristiques uniques de chaque réseau offrent une mise en réseau aéronautique dans les deux sens à faible coût.
PCT/US2001/015197 2000-05-12 2001-05-11 Procede permettant d'ameliorer la fiabilite et l'efficacite de la mise en reseau des communications aeronautiques par utilisation des donnees emises par des stations d'aeronef de mode 4 a liaison de donnees par vhf WO2001089114A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001261419A AU2001261419A1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-05-11 Method for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of aeronautical data communications networking using data transmitted by vhf data link mode 4 aircraft stations

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US20391900P 2000-05-12 2000-05-12
US20391800P 2000-05-12 2000-05-12
US20391400P 2000-05-12 2000-05-12
US60/203,914 2000-05-12
US60/203,918 2000-05-12
US60/203,919 2000-05-12
US09/848,550 2001-05-04
US09/848,541 US20020004401A1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-05-04 Method for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of aeronautical data communications networks using synchronization data transmitted by VHF data link mode 4 aircraft stations
US09/848,541 2001-05-04
US09/848,536 2001-05-04
US09/848,550 US20020045974A1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-05-04 Dual-band radio communications system for aeronautical data communications
US09/848,536 US20020004393A1 (en) 2000-05-12 2001-05-04 Out-of-band signaling for aeronautical data communications networks using VHF data link mode 4

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001089114A2 true WO2001089114A2 (fr) 2001-11-22
WO2001089114A3 WO2001089114A3 (fr) 2002-06-27

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8340663B2 (en) 2010-05-28 2012-12-25 Honeywell International Inc. Method and system for ground station signal handover for aircraft
WO2017009329A1 (fr) * 2015-07-16 2017-01-19 Gomspace Aps Satellite sur orbite terrestre basse pour contrôle du trafic aérien
EP2062365B1 (fr) 2006-09-15 2017-06-07 Thales Avionics, Inc. Système et procédé destinés à transférer sans fil un contenu d'un aéronef et vers ce dernier
CN115774272A (zh) * 2023-02-13 2023-03-10 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种陆空联合同步区域定位系统、方法和设备
CN116582164A (zh) * 2023-07-07 2023-08-11 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 一种多模式地面航空通信电台

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GUSTAVSSON NICLAS: "VDL mode 4/ STDMA - a CNS data link" PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 15TH AIAA/IEEE DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE;ATLANTA, GA, USA OCT 27-31 1996,1996, pages 111-116, XP002178345 AIAA IEEE Dig Avionics Syst Conf Proc;AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference - Proceedings 1996 IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2062365B1 (fr) 2006-09-15 2017-06-07 Thales Avionics, Inc. Système et procédé destinés à transférer sans fil un contenu d'un aéronef et vers ce dernier
US8340663B2 (en) 2010-05-28 2012-12-25 Honeywell International Inc. Method and system for ground station signal handover for aircraft
WO2017009329A1 (fr) * 2015-07-16 2017-01-19 Gomspace Aps Satellite sur orbite terrestre basse pour contrôle du trafic aérien
CN107852226A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2018-03-27 格梦空间股份有限公司 用于空中交通管制的低地球轨道卫星
JP2018528642A (ja) * 2015-07-16 2018-09-27 ゴムスペース エー／エス 航空交通管制のための低高度軌道衛星
US10911132B2 (en) 2015-07-16 2021-02-02 Gomspace A/S Low earth orbit satellite for air traffic control
CN115774272A (zh) * 2023-02-13 2023-03-10 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种陆空联合同步区域定位系统、方法和设备
CN116582164A (zh) * 2023-07-07 2023-08-11 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 一种多模式地面航空通信电台
CN116582164B (zh) * 2023-07-07 2023-10-20 四川九洲空管科技有限责任公司 一种多模式地面航空通信电台

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001089114A3 (fr) 2002-06-27
AU2001261419A1 (en) 2001-11-26

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