WO2001080321A1 - Dispositif anti-points chauds pour module photovoltaique et module photovoltaique equipe d'un tel dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif anti-points chauds pour module photovoltaique et module photovoltaique equipe d'un tel dispositif Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001080321A1 WO2001080321A1 PCT/FR2001/001172 FR0101172W WO0180321A1 WO 2001080321 A1 WO2001080321 A1 WO 2001080321A1 FR 0101172 W FR0101172 W FR 0101172W WO 0180321 A1 WO0180321 A1 WO 0180321A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- module
- photovoltaic module
- photovoltaic
- switch
- capacitor
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- BKUKXOMYGPYFJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanyl-1h-benzimidazole;hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.C1=CC=C2NC(SCC)=NC2=C1 BKUKXOMYGPYFJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 12
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003915 cell function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/02016—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices
- H01L31/02019—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02021—Circuit arrangements of general character for the devices for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00309—Overheat or overtemperature protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device intended to protect and preserve the photovoltaic cells of a photovoltaic module. It allows in particular to avoid abnormal functioning of the cells causing their heating and therefore their accelerated aging.
- the device is thus designated by "anti-hot spot” device.
- the invention finds applications in the production of photovoltaic generators.
- Photovoltaic generators and in particular high power photovoltaic generators, are generally divided into several sub-generators.
- the sub-generators comprise one or more photovoltaic modules, associated in a chain, and are themselves associated to increase the total power of the generator. Each sub-generator can then be equipped with a regulator allowing it to be controlled at its maximum power point.
- the subdivision of the generators into sub-generators individually slaved to their maximum power point, aims to limit imbalances which may appear, or exist initially, between different photovoltaic modules of the generator.
- Imbalances exist not only between modules, or chains of modules, but also between different individual photovoltaic cells making up the modules.
- the operating imbalances can come from a non-homogeneous illumination of the photovoltaic cells, from differences between the temperatures of the cells, from their aging, from false contacts, or even from the surface condition of the cells.
- the imbalances can also result from a dispersion of the initial physical characteristics of the associated cells. They are then accentuated by an illumination or a non-homogeneous operating temperature.
- a cell whose polarity is reversed, absorbs the electrical energy of all the cells with which it is connected in series. It therefore receives significant electrical power, which may deteriorate it. In addition, the power absorbed by the cell is subtracted from the total power delivered by the generator.
- the generator of FIG. 1 comprises a plurality of photovoltaic modules 10, identical to each other, connected in series to form a chain of modules.
- the module chain is terminated by output terminals 12, 14 to which an electrical load can be connected.
- the modules are for example modules with a power of 50 W, formed by the series connection of 36 photovoltaic cells.
- the individual photovoltaic cells are not shown for reasons of clarity.
- a bypass diode 20 is connected in parallel respectively to each module 10.
- a defective cell therefore only supports a maximum power of 50 W when it operates as a receiver.
- bypass diode 20 associated with the module containing the defective cell.
- This has the additional advantage that the generator is only cut off from the power supplied by the module containing the defective cell.
- the bypass diodes are reverse biased.
- the bypass diode associated with a module containing a defective cell that is to say a module at the terminals of which the voltage collapses, lets pass the current imposed by the other modules of the chain, operating normally.
- bypass diodes Although reducing certain negative effects, the use of bypass diodes does not make it possible to obtain generators whose reliability can be guaranteed over a long period of time.
- a photovoltaic cell When a photovoltaic cell functions as a receiver, following an inversion of its polarity, it absorbs, as indicated previously, all or part of the energy supplied by the other cells in series with it.
- the cell operating as a receiver sees its temperature increase under the effect of a thermal dissipation of the power received from the other cells of the module of which it is a part. This forms what is called the hot spot.
- the hot spot lock may possibly disappear when the photovoltaic generator ceases to be lit, so that the current supplied to the locked cell disappears and its cooling is possible.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a photovoltaic generator which does not have the problems mentioned above.
- An aim is also to propose a device, called anti-hot spot device, which tends to reduce the premature aging of certain cells by avoiding their locking in hot spot.
- an aim is to propose a simple and economical device making it possible to increase the life, reliability and production of photovoltaic generators.
- the invention more specifically relates to an anti-hot spot device for at least one photovoltaic module connected in a chain of photovoltaic modules.
- the device includes:
- Means for detecting at least one operating characteristic of the photovoltaic module and
- Means for preventing the flow of current in the module in response to the detection of an abnormal operating characteristic By preventing the flow of current in the module, it is in particular possible to prevent a current from passing through an inverted cell of the module.
- An abnormal operating characteristic is understood to mean a characteristic which deviates from a tolerance range, for example when its value crosses, positively or negatively, a threshold value.
- the bypass diode when a module has a defective cell, the bypass diode is always used to derive a current produced by the other modules in the chain, operating normally.
- the module having a defective cell for example a cell whose polarity has been reversed following a operating imbalance, is isolated from the chain.
- the electrical insulation of the module having a defective cell makes it possible to prevent the other cells of the module, which operate normally, from discharging a current in the defective cell, which would operate as a receiver.
- the temperature of the defective cell is therefore neither maintained nor increased by heat dissipation.
- the cell can thus find or maintain a temperature corresponding to that of neighboring cells.
- the electrical insulation of the module concerned makes it possible to avoid locking in a hot spot of the defective cell. This allows faster restoration of a balance between the cell in question and the other cells of the module.
- the equilibrium is understood here as a dispersion of characteristics sufficiently small to allow all the photovoltaic cells to function normally as a generator. However, this does not mean that the characteristics are perfectly identical from one cell to another.
- the insulation of the module makes it possible to avoid premature aging of the defective cell, linked to locking in hot spot.
- the means for isolating the photovoltaic module can include:
- - a power switch connected in series with the photovoltaic module in the module chain, between the terminals of the bypass diode, and - Threshold control means, controlled by the means for detecting an operating characteristic, to open the switch in response to a crossing of the threshold.
- threshold control means makes it possible not to cause isolation of the module for slight operating imbalances, but only when a malfunction such as a reverse polarity occurs for a cell.
- the crossing of the threshold mentioned above can be a crossing by higher or lower values depending on the operating characteristic taken into account.
- the opening of the switch can be caused by a value of the voltage below a threshold voltage corresponding to a lower limit of operation of the module considered to be normal.
- the switch control means can include means for periodically causing the switch to close, independent of the operating characteristic.
- each periodic closing of the switch is followed respectively by a new opening of the switch, caused by the detection of an operating characteristic corresponding to faulty operation.
- the means for causing the periodic closing of the switch can be assimilated to a timed automatic "resetting" system making it possible to avoid switching off the entire generator, or any intervention by an operator.
- the automatic delayed reset (monostable) means may include a capacitor, connected in parallel to the photovoltaic module and maintained in a state of charge by a resistor when the voltage across the module is greater than a threshold.
- a discharge diode, in series with the capacitor, is then provided to discharge the capacitor when the bypass diode becomes conductive.
- the capacitor, associated with the discharge diode is representative, by its state of charge, of an operating characteristic of the module. Indeed, the voltage across the capacitor is substantially equal to the voltage of the module in normal operation.
- the means for controlling the power switch may include a threshold switch. This is connected to the terminals of the capacitor in order to carry out a switching as a function of the voltage existing between the terminals of the capacitor, that is to say as a function of its charge.
- a threshold switch This is connected to the terminals of the capacitor in order to carry out a switching as a function of the voltage existing between the terminals of the capacitor, that is to say as a function of its charge.
- the power switch opens (hangs).
- the capacitor is then recharged by a resistor. At the end of a given time there is rearming.
- the power switch may include one or more MOSFET transistors (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors).
- MOSFET transistors metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors.
- the threshold switch makes it possible to operate the power switch either in a conducting mode, or in a blocked mode, to isolate or not the module.
- the invention also relates to a photovoltaic generator comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules connected in series, in which each photovoltaic module is equipped with an anti-hot spot device as described.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a branch of a photovoltaic generator of known type, equipped with a chain of several photovoltaic modules.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation on a larger scale of a photovoltaic module equipped with an anti-hot spot device, according to the invention, and connected in a branch of a generator partially shown.
- FIG. 2 shows a photovoltaic module 10 connected in series with other modules between a first terminal 12 and second terminal 14 of a photovoltaic generator to form a chain of modules.
- terminal 12 is a negative terminal of the generators and terminal 14 is a positive terminal.
- the module 10, of a type known per se, preferably comprises a plurality of photovoltaic cells connected in series. It is connected in a branch of the generator, in series with an MOSFET transistor 22 of type N whose source is connected to a first terminal 24 of the module and the drain of which is connected either to a terminal of a previous module in the chain, or, in the example of the figure, to the first terminal 12 of the generator.
- the MOSFET transistor used here as a power switch, is part of an anti-hot spot device 30, also connected to a second terminal 26 of the module 10.
- bypass diode 20 whose anode is connected to the drain of transistor 22 and whose cathode is connected to the second terminal 26 of the module.
- the bypass diode 20 allows the passage of an electric current produced by other modules in the chain when the module in question, equipped with the diode, is isolated from the chain.
- the gate of the MOSFET transistor 22 is connected to its source, and therefore to the first terminal 24 of the module, via a first bias resistor 32.
- the grid is also connected to the second terminal 26 of the module, by a threshold switch 34 which is closed (in conduction) in a normal operating mode.
- MOSFET 22 is conductive and connects module 10 to the chain, putting it in series with the other modules. Its grid is polarized at the module voltage by the closed control switch (conductor).
- a transistor capable of conducting a high current and having a voltage drop sufficiently small to be negligible compared to the nominal voltage of the module is preferably chosen.
- the threshold switch 34 is controlled by the voltage across a capacitor 36.
- the capacitor is connected across the module via a second resistor 38 and a diode 40. More precisely, the second resistor and the diode are connected in parallel to each other, and connect one of the armatures of the capacitor 36 to the second terminal 26 of the module. The other armature of the capacitor is directly connected to the first terminal 24 of the module 10.
- the diode 40 is also designated by "discharge diode" in the rest of the text.
- the diode 40 When the module 10 operates normally, that is to say when all the cells of the module behave as a generator, the diode 40 is polarized in the blocking direction.
- the capacitor 36 charged via the second resistor, makes it possible to apply a sufficient voltage to the input of the threshold switch 34 so that it remains closed (conductor).
- the threshold switch 34 when the threshold switch 34 is closed (conductive), the MOSFET transistor 22 operates in conduction mode, and can be compared to a closed switch.
- the discharge diode 40 When the voltage of the module 10 collapses following a conduction of the bypass diode 20 imposed by the current injected by the external chain, the discharge diode 40 is biased directly and discharges the capacitor 36.
- the drop in capacitor voltage causes the threshold switch 34 to open (block).
- the gate of the MOSFET 22 then discharges through the resistor 32.
- the MOSFET 22 opens (blocks). It then behaves like an open switch and isolates the module 10 considered from the other modules in the chain.
- the capacitor 36 After its discharge, the capacitor 36 does not remain in a discharged state. It recharges at the terminals of the isolated module 10, via the second resistor 38.
- the capacitor 36 remains charged and the module is kept connected in the chain. If, on the other hand, the fault persists, a new discharge of the capacitor 36 takes place through the discharge diode 40 and the module is again isolated by blocking the MOSFET transistor 22.
- the temporary isolation of a module makes it possible to avoid locking in a hot spot and therefore preserves the cells concerned from premature aging.
- the photoelectric generator comprises a chain of photoelectric modules 10 each associated with an anti-hot spot device 30.
- the assembly formed by a module and a anti-hot spot device is identified with the reference 50.
- only two assemblies 50 of the chain of FIG. 2 are shown.
- an anti-hot spot device can be associated with a variable number of photovoltaic cells or modules.
- the generator can comprise several chains of modules in parallel.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01927977A EP1275157A1 (fr) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-04-17 | Dispositif anti-points chauds pour module photovoltaique et module photovoltaique equipe d'un tel dispositif |
US10/257,369 US20030159728A1 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-04-17 | Device for protecting a photovoltaic module against hot spots and photovoltaic module equipped with same |
CA002406449A CA2406449A1 (fr) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-04-17 | Dispositif anti-points chauds pour module photovoltaique et module photovoltaique equipe d'un tel dispositif |
JP2001577615A JP2004501506A (ja) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-04-17 | 光起電性モジュールのためのアンチホットスポットデバイス、および、そのようなデバイスを備えられた光起電性モジュール |
AU54861/01A AU773348B2 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-04-17 | Device for protecting a photovoltaic module against hot spots and photovoltaic module equipped with same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0004976A FR2807882B1 (fr) | 2000-04-18 | 2000-04-18 | Dispositif anti-points chauds pour module photovoltaique et module photovoltaique equipe d'un tel dispositif |
FR00/04976 | 2000-04-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001080321A1 true WO2001080321A1 (fr) | 2001-10-25 |
Family
ID=8849369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2001/001172 WO2001080321A1 (fr) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-04-17 | Dispositif anti-points chauds pour module photovoltaique et module photovoltaique equipe d'un tel dispositif |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030159728A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1275157A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2004501506A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU773348B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2406449A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2807882B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001080321A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200208345B (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2171765A2 (fr) * | 2007-08-03 | 2010-04-07 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | Système, procédé et appareil pour coupler des réseaux de photopiles |
FR2955208A1 (fr) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-15 | Arnaud Thierry | Systeme de gestion et de commande de panneaux photovoltaiques |
FR2955209A1 (fr) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-15 | Arnaud Thierry | Systeme de gestion et de commande de panneaux photovoltaiques |
WO2011098235A3 (fr) * | 2010-02-09 | 2012-06-07 | Wieland Electric Gmbh | Circuit de dérivation de module pour un module photovoltaïque |
US9172296B2 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2015-10-27 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | Common mode filter system and method for a solar power inverter |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005036153B4 (de) * | 2005-05-24 | 2007-03-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Schutzschalteinrichtung für ein Solarmodul |
JP2007059423A (ja) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-03-08 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 太陽光発電制御装置 |
US7893349B2 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2011-02-22 | Suncore, Inc. | Photovoltaic multi-junction wavelength compensation system and method |
US8319470B2 (en) | 2010-02-12 | 2012-11-27 | Suncore, Inc. | Stand alone solar battery charger |
US10615743B2 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2020-04-07 | David Crites | Active and passive monitoring system for installed photovoltaic strings, substrings, and modules |
US20120049855A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Crites David E | Dark IV monitoring system for photovoltaic installations |
CN104778345A (zh) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-07-15 | 天津大学 | 一种模拟光伏电池模型老化故障的非线性参数计算方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4456782A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1984-06-26 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Solar cell device |
US4481378A (en) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-11-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Protected photovoltaic module |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4317056A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1982-02-23 | Gte Products Corporation | Voltage monitoring and indicating circuit |
DE3307202A1 (de) * | 1983-03-01 | 1984-09-06 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Solarzellenmodul |
JPH11330521A (ja) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-11-30 | Canon Inc | 太陽電池モジュ―ル、太陽電池アレイ、太陽光発電装置、太陽電池モジュ―ルの故障特定方法 |
JP2000269531A (ja) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-09-29 | Canon Inc | 太陽電池モジュール、太陽電池モジュール付き建材、太陽電池モジュール外囲体及び太陽光発電装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-04-18 FR FR0004976A patent/FR2807882B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-17 AU AU54861/01A patent/AU773348B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-17 WO PCT/FR2001/001172 patent/WO2001080321A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-17 EP EP01927977A patent/EP1275157A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-17 JP JP2001577615A patent/JP2004501506A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-17 CA CA002406449A patent/CA2406449A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-17 US US10/257,369 patent/US20030159728A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-10-16 ZA ZA200208345A patent/ZA200208345B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4456782A (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1984-06-26 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | Solar cell device |
US4481378A (en) * | 1982-07-30 | 1984-11-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Protected photovoltaic module |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9172296B2 (en) | 2007-05-23 | 2015-10-27 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | Common mode filter system and method for a solar power inverter |
EP2171765A2 (fr) * | 2007-08-03 | 2010-04-07 | Advanced Energy Industries, Inc. | Système, procédé et appareil pour coupler des réseaux de photopiles |
EP2171765A4 (fr) * | 2007-08-03 | 2012-11-28 | Advanced Energy Ind Inc | Système, procédé et appareil pour coupler des réseaux de photopiles |
FR2955208A1 (fr) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-15 | Arnaud Thierry | Systeme de gestion et de commande de panneaux photovoltaiques |
FR2955209A1 (fr) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-15 | Arnaud Thierry | Systeme de gestion et de commande de panneaux photovoltaiques |
WO2011086295A2 (fr) | 2010-01-12 | 2011-07-21 | Arnaud, Thierry | Système de gestion et de commande de panneaux photovoltaïques |
WO2011086295A3 (fr) * | 2010-01-12 | 2011-09-09 | Arnaud, Thierry | Système de gestion et de commande de panneaux photovoltaïques |
CN102770970A (zh) * | 2010-01-12 | 2012-11-07 | 斯瑞·阿诺 | 用于管理和控制光伏板的系统 |
AU2011206464B2 (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2015-06-11 | Arnaud, Thierry | System for managing and controlling photovoltaic panels |
WO2011098235A3 (fr) * | 2010-02-09 | 2012-06-07 | Wieland Electric Gmbh | Circuit de dérivation de module pour un module photovoltaïque |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2807882B1 (fr) | 2002-05-24 |
AU5486101A (en) | 2001-10-30 |
AU773348B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 |
FR2807882A1 (fr) | 2001-10-19 |
EP1275157A1 (fr) | 2003-01-15 |
JP2004501506A (ja) | 2004-01-15 |
CA2406449A1 (fr) | 2001-10-25 |
ZA200208345B (en) | 2003-10-13 |
US20030159728A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
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