WO2001077455A1

WO2001077455A1 - Self-supporting structure consisting of spherical triangular panels

Info

Publication number: WO2001077455A1
Application number: PCT/FR2001/001020
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean-Noël PIGOUT
Original assignee: Pigout Jean Noel
Priority date: 2000-04-07
Filing date: 2001-04-05
Publication date: 2001-10-18
Also published as: FR2807459B1; FR2807459A1

Abstract

The invention concerns a self-supporting structure consisting of spherical or curved triangular panels, made of composite materials, clipped together, with an interposed sealing and positioning joint. Said structural system enables to obtain light and resistant dome and vault shapes, simply and rapidly mounted, dismountable, easy to maintain, by repetitive assembly of 1 to 3 models of different panels for a common sphere radius. Said panels with spherical triangular shape, correspond to regular cut out polyhedral shapes. They are assembled to constitute domes of different dimensions. The panels are made of plates (1) of plastic materials with warped surface, bonded, welded or built-in in arcuate frames made of alveolate or metallic thermoplastic extruded profiles, linked together by a sealing and positioning joint (3), fixed with metallic clips (4) distributed at the panel jointing. With 75 spherical triangular panels of less than 2 meters in width, having a weight of 15 kg, can be constructed a dome 4 meter high covering 66M2 on the ground, wholly or partly transparent, having a weight of about 1200 kg. With 6 panels, 10 M2 can be covered.

Description

WO 01/77455 _ ₁ . PCT / FRO 1/01020

SELF-SUPPORTING STRUCTURE CONSISTING OF SPHERICAL TRIANGULAR PANELS.

The present invention relates to a construction system making it possible to obtain self-supporting structures in the form of domes and arches, for the manufacture of swimming pool shelters, verandas, annexes to the dwelling, living rooms, multipurpose rooms, multimedia rooms, kiosks, constructions for professionals, such as offices, meeting rooms, fitness rooms, roof domes, lanterns, ...

Traditionally the domes are made with very heavy conventional materials, such as reinforced concrete, curved panels of laminated glass maintained by metal frames. They are tailor-made, according to architect's plans, very expensive, which makes them suitable for prestigious buildings, museums and other public buildings. These traditional constructions of domes are too high in cost and too complex to implement for everyday use in private homes, local communities and businesses. There are also veranda systems manufactured with PVC profiles, but which must be reinforced with metal reinforcements to improve the mechanical resistance and reduce the buckling of the panels made up, all the more since these verandas or pool shelters are made with glass. laminated in general plan, of significant weight, which must be kept in place with a complex and expensive assembly comprising seals.

The construction system according to the invention makes it possible to obtain self-supporting structures in the form of domes and arches, light, resistant, easy to maintain, which blend harmoniously into the environment, made of composite materials, at attractive costs. , which can be assembled simply and quickly, which can be dismantled, for the use of individuals and professionals, with multiple combinations and possible layouts. The new forms and functions obtained cannot be achieved at competitive costs with traditional materials.

The great resistance for a low weight is obtained by combining several characteristics, namely:

- The frames in honeycombed PVC profile, which have good flexural strength for a very low weight and consist of 3 elements welded to the mirror, or frames in metal profile. - Rigid assembly by gluing / welding of the interior triangle panel on the frame.

- The spherical shaping of the triangle assembled flat, by an adapted process, based on perfect control of the thermal process, which guarantees good stabilization over time of the panel thus formed with very low temperature expansion. WO 01/77455. 2 - PCT / FRO 1/01020

- The shape of a spherical shell and arch which considerably reduces buckling and deformation at equal stress compared to a flat structure of the same thickness and the same surface, thus accepting very higher loads (snow, catch in the wind).

The self-supporting structure in the shape of a dome or arch, is obtained from panels in the form of spherical triangles corresponding to the cutting of a regular polyhedron, and thereby requiring few different panels for the same radius of sphere. They constitute domes of different dimensions depending on the number of spherical triangles assembled, such as spherical "hexagon" triangles and spherical "pentagon" triangles, from the truncated icosahedron, allowing to make different sizes of domes, and up to the sphere. complete achievable with 180 spherical triangles of the 2 models. The dodecahedron allows you to make a complete sphere with 60 identical spherical triangles. The "icosidodecahedron" allows to realize a complete sphere with 80 spherical triangles of 2 models. The "snub" dodecahedron allows to realize a complete sphere with 140 spherical triangles of 2 models. The "rhombicosidodécaèdre" allows to realize a complete sphere with 200 spherical triangles of 3 models. You can also cover a kiosk with the assembly of a few spherical triangles of the same model.

The spherical triangles consist of plates made of plastic materials, preferably made of polymethyl methacrylate (PPMA) or polycarbonate (PC) or other thermoplastic, transparent or opaque, left-shaped by thermoforming or bubbling using suitable tools. The plates are glued, welded or embedded in frames in curved cellular or metallic thermoplastic profiles. The opaque plates can also receive a thermal insulator and a finishing coating, fixed on the concave inner face. A profile serves as a frame for the panel, it is preferably made of rigid PVC, cellular, extruded, based on a polymer compound. The shape of the section is studied to allow hot bending with a regular curvature, along a longitudinal axis, without any other apparent deformation. This PVC profile can be bent directly at the exit of the extrusion line. As a variant, this profile may be metallic, bent, for example made of aluminum, or else of reinforced polyester, obtained by pultrusion and bent directly on the production line.

A seal and positioning, made of elastomer, is inserted between the spherical triangles during assembly. It is profiled to be able to set up and withdraw from the inside of the structure. It allows the easy assembly and disassembly of a panel of the structure, and includes lips in the form of a mini-gutter to recover and evacuate any water leaks, from inside the structure. Metal fixing clips are put in place by simple pressure to snap into grooves in the profile provided for this purpose. They exert pressure to hold the panels together by means of the seal described above and are distributed along the adjacent edges. They can be dismantled by levering with a simple screwdriver inserted in a hole placed laterally. The assembly is completed by sealing elements arranged at the intersection nodes of the profiled frames surrounding the spherical triangles. The 3 vertices of the triangles are previously cropped for this purpose. This node consists of a cup made of flexible material, preferably made of elastomer or flexible PVC, which is put in place by deforming on the inside, with a pasty seal deposited on the periphery and which obstructs the orifice after positioning and tightening it '' a suitable fixing. The pasty joint once in place and crushed, polymerizes and hardens on contact with air. The whole is completed by a spongy material and a perforated washer which ensure the recovery, then the evacuation, by evaporation of any micro-leaks of water drained by the lips of the seal.

Special panels can be put in place, acting as access doors and French windows, with lateral opening. They are arranged on the periphery and are in characteristic shapes of polyhedra, such as spherical pentagons or hexagons, with appropriate frames in the form of small spherical triangles to strengthen the structure and adapt the size of the opening. Elastomeric seals are attached vis-à-vis the profiles to seal the opening panels between them and with the frames. Likewise, spherical triangles can be mounted so that they can be opened like skylights, casement windows or roof windows.

The self-supporting dome-shaped structure thus formed rests on a base made of composite materials. The junction takes place between the cutting of the spherical triangles of the self-supporting structure and a flat surface which can be the ground, a vertical or oblique wall. Technical reserves are provided for doorways, fixings, waterproofing, water recovery, and others.

Curved panels manufactured according to the same process make it possible to produce sections in the form of cylindrical arches which can be connected to the domed structures of the same radius and complementary to the spherical triangles to form homogeneous assemblies.

A dome made up of 6 spherical "hexagon" triangular panels, covering a framework fixed to the ground, makes it possible to create kiosks, shelters, as well as large covered spaces, obtained by juxtaposing as many hexagonal shelters as necessary through "beams / gutters" supported by "tubes / posts" also used for the evacuation of rainwater in a network of pipes on the ground arranged above the "beams / gutters".

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

Figure 1 shows a sectional view of the assembly of 2 panels in the form of spherical triangles of the structure, in the axis of the profiles which constitute the frame.

FIG. 2 represents the section of the profiles which constitute the framing of the panels in the form of spherical triangles, with the fixing system by joint and clips.

Figure 3 shows the fixing clips in perspective. Figure 4 shows a sectional view at a node for assembling panels in the form of spherical triangles.

FIG. 5 represents a section of the positioning by deformation of the sealing cup at the assembly node of the panels in the form of spherical triangles.

FIG. 6 represents a partial view of the self-supporting structure with several panels in the form of assembled spherical triangles, and the location of the junction nodes.

Figure 7 shows a small dome made up of 6 panels in the shape of spherical triangles.

Figure 8 shows a dome consisting of 15 panels in the shape of assembled spherical triangles.

Figure 9 shows a dome consisting of 65 panels in the shape of assembled spherical triangles and 5 French windows with 2 leaves on the periphery.

FIG. 10 represents one of the 5 elements of the base which supports the self-supporting structure represented in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 represents elements in the form of a vault assembled and joined against a self-supporting structure in a hemisphere.

Figure 12 shows a system of closing seals that fits on the opening profiles.

Figure 13 shows a kiosk made with 6 panels in the shape of spherical triangles.

Figure 14 shows the assembly of several kiosks made with panels in the form of spherical triangles, constituting a hall.

With reference to these drawings, the self-supporting structure in the form of a dome or arch is obtained from panels in the form of spherical triangles corresponding to the cutting of a regular polyhedron. They constitute domes of different dimensions in function of the number of assembled spherical triangles, such as spherical "hexagon" triangles (13) and spherical "pentagon" triangles (14), of the truncated icosahedron.

The spherical triangles consist of plates (1) made of plastic materials, preferably made of polymethyl methacrylate (PPMA) or polycarbonate (PC) or other thermoplastic, transparent or opaque, left-shaped by thermoforming or bubbling using suitable tools. . The plates (1) can be opaque and receive a thermal insulator and a finishing coating fixed on the concave inner face.

A thermoplastic profile (2) serves as a frame for the panel, it is preferably made of

Rigid, honeycombed, extruded PVC, based on a polymer compound. The shape of the section is studied to allow hot bending with a regular curvature, along a longitudinal axis, without any other apparent deformation. The profile (2) can be metallic, for example aluminum.

A sealing and positioning seal (3) made of elastomer is interposed between the spherical triangles during assembly. It is profiled to be able to set up and withdraw from the inside of the structure. It allows easy assembly and disassembly of a panel of the structure, and includes lips (5) in the form of a mini-gutter to recover and evacuate possible water leaks, from inside the structure.

Metal clips (4) for fixing are put in place by simple pressure to snap into grooves (6) of the profile (2) provided for this purpose, by exerting pressure (P) to hold the panels together by through the seal described above. They can be dismantled using a simple screwdriver inserted into a hole (7) placed laterally.

The assembly is completed by sealing elements arranged at the intersection nodes of the profiled frames (2) surrounding the spherical triangles. The 3 vertices of the triangles are previously cropped for this purpose. This node is constituted by a cup (8) of flexible material, which is put in place by deforming from the inside, with a pasty seal (9) deposited on the periphery and which obstructs the orifice after positioning and tightening of a suitable fixing (10). The pasty seal (9) once in place and crushed, polymerizes and hardens on contact with air. The whole is completed by a spongy material (11) and a perforated washer (12) which ensure the recovery then the evacuation by evaporation of any micro-leaks of water drained by the lips (5) of the seal (3) of seal. The cup (8) can be rigid and installed from the outside.

Special panels (15) and (16) can be put in place, acting as access doors and French windows, with lateral opening. They are arranged on the periphery and are in characteristic shapes of polyhedra, such as pentagons or spherical hexagons, with appropriate frames (17) in the form of small triangles WO 01/77455 _ g _ PCT / FR01 / 01020

spherical to reinforce the structure and adapt the size of the opening. Elastomeric seals (22) and (23) are fixed vis-à-vis on the profiles (2) to seal the opening panels (15) and (16) between them, and with the frames (17) . Likewise, spherical triangles can be mounted so that they can be opened like skylights, casement windows or roof windows.

The self-supporting dome-shaped structure thus formed rests on a base (18) made of composite materials, obtained by co-spraying polyester resin and glass fibers onto a form, or injected into a mold. Technical reserves are provided for the doorways, the fixings, the waterproofing, the water recovery ... Curved panels (19) produced according to the same process make it possible to produce sections in the form of cylindrical arches (20 ) which can be connected to domed structures (21) of the same radius and complementary to spherical triangles to form homogeneous sets.

A dome made up of 6 spherical "hexagon" triangle panels (13), covering a framework (24) fixed to the ground, makes it possible to create kiosks, shelters, as well as large covered spaces, obtained by juxtaposing as many hexagonal shelters as necessary by means of "beams / gutters" (25) supported by "tubes / posts" (26) also used for the evacuation of rainwater in a network of ground pipes arranged at the plumb with "beams / gutters" (25). The self-supporting structures obtained from panels in the form of spherical triangles and in the form of arches, which are assembled by clipping with a sealing and positioning joint, allow a large number of light constructions to be produced, a non-exhaustive list of which is given below:

Swimming pool shelters, Garden shelters, verandas, greenhouses, annexes to housing, living rooms, fitness and sports rooms, multipurpose rooms for individuals and communities, multimedia rooms, "home cinema", workshop creation, work, meeting rooms, training, seminars, offices, treatment and rest areas, kindergartens, discotheques, bars / restaurants, club house for sports complexes, airports, bungalows for holiday villages. For the "BTP", roof domes, skylights, indoor covered spaces, lanterns, kiosks, exhibition halls, shops.

Self-supporting structures in rotation on a ring of water, or on a raceway arranged on the periphery, to adapt to climatic conditions: Bioclimatic space. WO 01/77455 _ η _ PCT / FRO 1/01020

For these embodiments, the panels in the form of spherical triangles are preferably produced at dimensions close to 2 meters on a side, for a weight of approximately 15 kg with a skin thickness of 5 mm, 20 kg for a skin thickness of 8 mm. The area covered with a dome made up of 75 panels in the shape of spherical triangles with a radius of 4.75 meters, is 66 m2 on the ground, for 4 meters high. The panels are wholly or partly transparent or opaque, which represents a total weight close to 1200 kg for the dome. With 6 panels, we cover 10 M2, for a weight less than 100 kg. The dodecahedron allows you to make a complete sphere with 60 identical spherical triangles. The "snub" dodecahedron allows to realize a complete sphere with 140 spherical triangles of 2 models. The "rhombicosidodecaedre" allows to realize a complete sphere with 200 spherical triangles of 3 models. You can also cover a kiosk with the assembly of a few spherical triangles of the same model. For panels in the shape of spherical triangles, corresponding to an "icosidodecahedron" (regular polyhedron decomposed into 12 pentagons, themselves decomposed into 60 triangles, and 20 equilateral triangles, in total 80 spherical triangles) and for a sphere radius of 3 meters, we obtain a semi-spherical dome consisting of 40 triangles, covering a living area of 19.6 M2, taking into account a 400mm pit. The weight of this structure is close to 600kg. By inserting panels in the form of cylindrical arches of dimensions and radius compatible with the spherical triangles constituting the half-spheres, modular structures are obtained, as illustrated in FIG. 11.

Panels in the shape of spherical triangles, compatible panels in the form of cylindrical arches, the elements which constitute the junction bases with a flat surface, and all the accessories necessary for mounting (seals and assembly, clips, nodes ), are delivered in professional kit, for the realization of a predetermined self-supporting structure. The panels should not exceed a weight of 25 kg for an average of 10 to 20 kg, which allows easy and quick assembly of the interior, by one person. The spherical and cylindrical radii planned for the main families of elements are: 3 meters - 4.75 meters - 6 meters. Other rays beyond 2.50 meters are possible, with a limit which is around 10 meters in this technology, which allows for domes in one piece that can cover up to 250 m2 of surface on the ground. A structure is removable, likewise it is possible to replace one or more panels if necessary for maintenance.

Claims

WO 01/77455. g _ PCT / FR01 / 01020

1 - System for building self-supporting structures, characterized in that the constituent panels are plates (1) of plastic materials on the left surface, glued, welded or embedded in profiled frames (2) cellular or metallic thermoplastic, curved, connected together by means of a sealing and positioning joint (3), with fixing by metal clips (4) distributed along the adjacent edges of said panels, the whole assembled, constituting forms of domes and arches, light and resistant in composite materials.

2 - System for building self-supporting structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (1) of plastic materials are preferably made of polymethyl methacrylate (PPMA) or polycarbonate (PC) or other thermoplastic, transparent or opaque and shaped left by thermoforming or bubbling from a suitable tool, the opaque plates can also receive thermal insulation and finishing coating on the concave inner face.

3 - System for building self-supporting structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile (2), serving as a frame for the panel, is preferably made of rigid PVC, cellular, extruded, based on a polymer compound, the shape of which of the section is designed to allow hot bending with a regular curvature, along a longitudinal axis, without any other apparent deformation, and more commonly, said profile (2) is metallic and bent. 4 - System for building self-supporting structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the seal (3) sealing and positioning, made of elastomer, is profiled to be able to be put in place and withdrawn from the inside of the structure , thus allowing the assembly and disassembly of a panel of the structure, and comprises lips (5) in the form of a mini-gutter to recover and evacuate any water leaks. 5 - System for building self-supporting structures according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal clips (4) for fixing are put in place by simple pressure to snap into the grooves (6) of the profile (2) by exerting a pressure (P) to hold the panels together, and can be dismantled by levering in the hole (7) using a simple screwdriver. 6 - System for building self-supporting structures according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly is completed by sealing elements arranged at the intersection nodes of the profile frames (2) beforehand WO 01/77455 _ g. PCT / FR01 / 01020

cropped for this purpose, each consisting of a cup (8) of preferably flexible material, which is put in place by deforming from the inside, with a pasty seal (9) deposited on the periphery, obstructing the orifice of the knot after tightening of the fixing (10), polymerization, hardening in contact with air, the whole completed by a spongy material (11) and the perforated washer (12), ensuring recovery, then evacuation by evaporation of any micro water leaks drained by the lips (5) of the seal (3), said cup (8) possibly being rigid and placed from the outside.

7 - System for building self-supporting structures according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the panels which constitute said structure have the shape of spherical triangles corresponding to the cutting of a regular polyhedron, by the same requiring few different panels for the same radius sphere, which can constitute domes of different dimensions depending on the number of assembled spherical triangles, such as spherical "hexagon" triangles (13) and triangles

"pentagon" spherical (14), truncated icosahedron, allowing to make different sizes of domes, for a complete sphere achievable with 180 spherical triangles of the 2 models, the dodecahedron for a complete sphere achievable with 60 identical spherical triangles, "l 'icosidodecahedron "for a complete sphere achievable with 80 spherical triangles of 2 models, the" snub "dodecahedron for a complete sphere achievable with

140 spherical triangles of 2 models, the "rhombicosidodecaedre" for a complete sphere achievable with 200 spherical triangles of 3 models.

8 - System for building self-supporting structures according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly is completed by special panels (15) and (16) acting as access doors and French windows, with lateral opening, arranged on the periphery and in forms characteristic of polyhedra, such as spherical pentagons or hexagons, with frames (17) in the form of small spherical triangles to strengthen the structure and adapt the size of the opening, with elastomeric joints (22 ) and (23) being fixed vis-à-vis on the profiles (2) to seal between the opening panels (15), (16) and the frames (17).

9 - system for building self-supporting structures according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly is completed by a base (18) made of composite materials, which provides the junction between said self-supporting structure in the form of a dome, according to the cutting of spherical triangles, and a flat surface which can be the floor, a vertical or oblique wall, with technical reserves for doorways, fixings, waterproofing, water recovery, and others. 10 - system for building self-supporting structures according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the assembly is completed by curved panels (19), according to the same process, which make it possible to produce sections in the form of cylindrical arches (20), which vaults can be connected to the domed structures (21) of the same radius and complementary to the spherical triangles to form homogeneous assemblies.

11 - System for building self-supporting structures according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a dome consisting of 6 triangular "hexagon" triangular panels (13), covering a frame (24), fixed to the ground, allows build kiosks, shelters, as well as large covered spaces, obtained by juxtaposing as many hexagonal shelters as necessary via "beams / gutters" (25) supported by "tubes / posts" (26) also used for the evacuation of rainwater in a network of pipes on the ground arranged directly above the "beams / gutters" (25).