WO2001074704A1

WO2001074704A1 - Machine-room-less elevator installation structure with traction machine mounted at a rooftop

Info

Publication number: WO2001074704A1
Application number: PCT/KR2001/000560
Authority: WO
Inventors: Young-Sun Cho; Chang-Hee Lee
Original assignee: Hyundai Elevator Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2000-04-01
Filing date: 2001-04-02
Publication date: 2001-10-11
Also published as: AU2001248875A1; KR20010094686A

Abstract

The present invention relates to an installation structure for mounting an elevator traction machine at a rooftop floor being capable not only to distribute a concentrated operating load generated on the elevator traction machine during elevator operation over the guide rail to the bottom of a pit through the installation structure members, but also to remove a conventional machine room separately located at the upper end of a shaft and to minimize an installation space of the elevator traction machine without altering an operating height of elevator.

Description

MACH-LNE-ROOM-LESS ELEVATOR INSTALLATION STRUCTURE WITH TRACTION MACHINE MOUNTED AT A ROOFTOP

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a machine-room-less installation structure for mounting an elevator traction machine at a rooftop. More particularly, the installation structure for mounting the elevator traction machine is capable not only to distribute a concentrated operating load being generated on the elevator traction machine over the guide rail to the bottom of a pit through the installation structure members, but also to remove a conventional machine room being separately located at the upper end of the shaft and lrώώnize installation space of elevator traction machine without altering the traveling height of the elevator.

DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART

Generally, the elevator is an essential transportation means for carrying passengers or freight in multiple story buildings such as high-rise apartment or office buildings.

Elevators are usually operated upward and downward through a shaft along the length of a building. Most shafts are constructed to form a square or rectangular hollow column having doors at each floor for loading and unloading passengers.

As ex-mώiing the conventional structures, Fig. la illustrates an example of conventional structure that a car 24 is connected to a counterweight 26 through a wire rope 34 for balancing an operating loads. The wire rope 34 is wound up and down by a traction machine 32 for operating the car 24 upward or downward. Also, a guide rail (not shown) is installed on the opposite site of the car 24 and the counterweight 26 for operating the car upward and downward. The guide rails in conventional elevator structures simply guide the movement upward or downward for operating the car 24 and counterweight 26 without dispersing the operating loads. The elevator construction also is equipped with a control panel for controlling the operation of the car 24, a control cable lirilring the control panel to the car 24, and detecting sensors for detecting the location of the car 24 during its operation. Door operating mechanisms and safety control devices are also installed on the door 22 of the shaft 20..

Fig. lb is a section view taken along line A-A of Fig la, illustrating a conventional elevator structure including a shaft 20 and a machine room 30 disposed at the upper end of the shaft. This kind of elevator structure is currently used in the building construction industry.

However, the conventional elevator structure requires a separate machine room 30 located at the upper end of the shaft 20, which is equipped with control devices such as a traction machine 32, control panel, speed governor and power distribution panels. Due to the requirement of a separate machine room 30, the conventional elevator structure has disadvantages such as increasing of construction cost, inefficiency of utilizing sunlight, and limitation of building height and available space of the rooftop 51.

Recently, to solve the problems of the conventional elevator structure, a method of mounting an elevator traction machine has been proposed to remove a separate machine room which is installed on the upper end of the shaft.

Fig. 2a and 2b shows this kind of conventional elevator stmcture illustrating supporting beams 36 installed nearby a ceiling area of a shaft for mounting an elevator traction machine 32 without a separate machine room located at the upper end of the shaft 20.

However, this kind of conventional elevator structure must provide an overhead safety clearance between the roof of the car 24 at its maximum elevating height and the bottom of the mounted elevator traction machine 32. Furthermore, an additional clearance between the supporting beam 36 mounted on the ceiling of the shaft and the elevator traction machine must be contained. Consequently, the overall height of the shafts upper end increases so that a problem is happened that a shaft protrudes out of the rooftop 51.

Fig.3 illustrates another kind of conventional structure for mounting a disc type elevator traction machine. This disc type elevator traction machine 40 has been specially designed and manufactured to have slim thickness enabling direct installation on the car guide rail 39 between the car guide rail 39 and the side wall of the shaft 20 for replacing the ordinary elevator traction machine. As the disc type elevator traction machine 40 is disposed just above the comer of the car between the car guide rail 39 and the side wall of the shaft 20 rather than the space of the upper shaft above car, when the car reaches the highest level of a building, it is possible to remove most of the unnecessary part of the upper shaft without affecting the elevating height.

However, the disc type slim traction machine 40 has limited capability to generate driving power, i.e., elevating capacity and operating speed of the elevator.

Fig.4 illustrates another type of conventional structure for mounting a belt type elevator traction machine.

The belt 4 with belt type elevtor traction machine having wider length and thin thickness are also specially designed and manufactured for replacing the ordinary wire rope with conventional elevator traction machine. This belt type elevator traction machine 2 has such configuration with the location of traction motor at upper end of the shaft 12. Ηierefore, most of the unnecessary portion of upper shaft 12 may be removed for mirrimi-zing its height.

The belt type elevator traction machine 2 has a advantage that the radius rate of sheave for using belt is smaller than minimum radius rate of sheave being capable to use the conventional wire rope, but it has a disadvantage that should use the belt specially manufactured. Thus, the belt and sheave for the belt type elevator traction machine 2 are costly to design and manufacture. It is also difficult to maintain the belt and the belt type elevator system. The production cost is also very high at the present time.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Accordingly, the present invention has been designed to overcome the conventional problems by developing a new concept of installation stmcture for mounting an elevator traction machine. A purpose of providing Hie installation stmcture for mounting this type of elevator traction machine is that the installation stmcture is capable not only to distribute the operating load being concentrated on the elevator traction machine over the guide rail to the bottom of the pit through each member of tlie structure, but also to remove the conventional machine room being separately located at the upper end of the shaft and minimize installation space of elevator traction machine without altering H e operating height of elevator.

Thus, in order to achieve the object of present invention, there is provided a machine- room-less elevator installation stmcture for mounting an elevator traction machine disposed at a rooftop floor, comprising: an installation space 50 having a basic floor the rooftop 56 on the one side of the upper end of a shaft 68 in the direction perpendicular to the operation direction of a car 70; a pair of counterweight guide rails 62, 64 for guiding a counterweight 87 along the length of the shaft 68 on the side of the installation space; a car guide rail 60 for guiding the car being arranged parallel to the pair of counterweight guide rails 62, 64; basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c, each end of which is matched with each of said counterweight guide rails 62, 64 and said car guide rail 60, and each of opposite ends of said basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c being secured on the floor 56 of said installation space 50; intermediate supporting beams 52, 66 being secured transversely on said basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c; and a pre- assembled traction machine foundation 80 being installed on said intermediate supporting beams 52, 66; and an arrangement being capable to distribute an operating load being generated during an elevator operation over said floor 56 of the installation space 50, said counterweiglit guide rails 62, 64 and car guide rail 60.

As can be seen, the preferred embodiment of present invention will be discussed in detail accompanied with the figures.

Fig. 5a is a schematic illustration showing an installation stmcture of present invention including a car, elevator traction machine and elevating system.

In order to reduce the height of shaft 68 and niinimize installation area, the installation space 50 for installation structure is formed on tlie one side of the upper end of a shaft 68 in the direction perpendicular to the upward and dowmward operation direction of a car.

Said installation space 50 is characterized by adopting a Reverse "L" Shaped shaft as a configuration of an elevator shaft.

Fig. 5b shows an enlarged view of D marked portion of Fig. 5a.

The installation space is fabricated by merely connecting the upper end of the elevator shaft 68 to the rooftop of a building. One ends of basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c, are bolted on the base floor 56 of said installation space 50 by using anchor bolts. The ends of basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c, are protrading out from the rooftop 56 to form a cantilever and connect to each of matched counterweight guide rails 62, 64, and one of two car guide rails 60 for distributing H e load operated on the basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c.

The brackets 67 are bolted to connect between the protruding portion of basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c, and the matched counterweight guide rails 62, 64, and one of two car guide rails 60 as shown in Fig. 6. Thus, the arrangement of installation stmcture is designed for distributing the concentrated operating load generated during the elevator operation over the base floor 56 of the installation space 50 on which the basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c are mounted, counterweight guide rails 62, 64 and one of two car guide rails 60. Lh order to prevent the load generated in the operation of the elevator from biasing toward the shaft, it is preferable to maintaim the ratio of the protruding portion (cantilever) to the entire length of the basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c less than 0.45 :1.

In order to enhance the fixing force of an elevator traction machine, as can be seen in Fig 1, a front intermediate supporting beam 52 and rear intermediate supporting beam 66 are mounted on the upper portion of basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c as shown inFig. 6.

Said front intennediate supporting beam 52 and rear intennediate supporting beam 66 are disposed with a right angle on the basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c. The front intermediate supporting beam 52 is installed nearby Hie protruding portion (cantilever) of basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c, being matched with each of a car guide rail 60 and a pair of counterweiglit guide rails 62, 64. A concentrated operating load being generated on the elevator traction machine 90 during the elevator operation will distribute to the guide rails 60, 62, 64, through the basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c, being anchor bolted on the floor of installation space.

Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of the present invention showing a pre-assembled traction machine foundation 80 and elevator traction machine 90 mounted on the front beam 52 and the rear beam 66..

The elevator traction machine 90 and the traction machine foundation 80 are installed on the pair of intermediate supporting beams 52, 66, and, an anti-moment device 86 is disposed so that the rear intennediate support beam 66 may not be lifted due to the load generated on the front intennediate supporting beam 52 in the operation of the elevator traction machine 90.

The traction machine foundation 80 comprises a upper frame 82 and a lower frame 84 , and a gap being maintained between the upper frame 82 and the lower frame for installation a plurality of vibration absorbers 89. An anti-moment device 86 comprising a U-shape bracket 88 is installed between a rear part of the upper frame 82 and the lower frame 84. The lower portion of U-shape bracket 88 is bolted to the lower frame 84. A moment-vibration absorber 93 is inserted between the upper portion of U-shape bracket 88 and upper frame 82.

It is needless to mention that the anti-moment device is installed in at least one or two places between the upper frame 82 and tl e lower frame 84 depending on the operation load.

Also, the traction machine foundation 80 is arranged with elevator traction machine 90 with a certain angle on the pair of intermediate supporting beams 52, 66, as illustrated in Fig 9.

As can be shown in Fig. 9, the arrangement of certain angle is properly set for mamtainiiig tlie overall balance of elevating system by matching a wound rope at a pulley 95 of elevator traction machine 90 vertically coming from sheave 92b of lower part of car 70 and down to a sheave of counterweight 87. Thus, the rope tangential positions of the pulley 95 of elevator traction machine 90, the rope coming from the sheave 92b of lower part of car 70 and the rope down to the sheave of counterweight 87 must be laid on a plane. In a practical arrangement of installation stmcture, Hie certain angle has a range of 17.5° to 19.0° being measured from a reference line 71 shown in Fig. 9. to the plane contained the rope tangential connecting positions.

After being arranged with the angle properly on the pair of intermediate supporting beams 52, 66, the lower frame 82 of the traction machine foundation 80 are welded with the both of intermediate supporting beams 52, 66 for permanent assembly. Fig. 10 is a top view of final assembly of the present invention showing both ends of front intermediate supporting beam being extended to the side walls of shaft.

Both ends of front intermediate supporting beam 52 are extended to the side walls of shaft for supporting and dispersing the operating load. Both ends of the beams may pierce Hie wall or mount on the wall by brackets .

Tlie finall assembled elevator traction machine shows a cantilever which is protruded toward the shaft on the front intermediate supporting beam 52.

A ratio of protrading portion (cantilever) to the entire length of basic supporting beams is less than 0.45 : 1. A ratio of cantilever to the entire length of traction machine foundation 80 being installed on the front intermediate supporting beam 52 is less than 0.3 : 1. Thus, an overall ratio of protmding portion (cantilever) of final assembly assumes approximately 0.45:1 for the stress calculation.

Due to cantilever type of installation, the rear part of traction machine foundation and elevator traction machine 90 has a tendency to be lifted up, i.e., a moment is created by the operating load of the car 70 being concentrated on the pulley 95 of elevator traction machine.

Thus, the anti-moment device 86 is adapted to prevent the lifting up, i.e., the moment of back portion of traction machine foundation 80.

The anti-moment device 86 having a U-shape bracket 88 is installed between the rear portion of upper frame 82 and lower frame 84 to compensate the moment being caused by the concentrated operating load acted on the pulley of elevator traction machine.

The moment-vibration absorber 93 being inserted between the upper frame 84 and upper portion of U-shape bracket 88 will absorb or diminish the vibrations to prevent propagation underneath the floor. The moment-vibration absorber 93 will also absorb the moment being generated during the operation of elevator traction machine 90 while it is compressed. The arrangement of installation structure members including the pair of counterweight

guide rails 62, 64, one of two car guide rail 60, a set of basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c,

intermediate supporting beams and a pre-assembled traction machine foundation 80 is designed

for distributing operating load over each member of structure. Consequently, the concentrated operating load on the pulley 95 of elevator traction machine 90 could be remarkably reduced.

Due to the distributed loads over the pair of counterweight guide rails 62, 64 and car

guide rail 60, the members of guide rails must consider whether buckling occurs.

The overall height of guide rails 60, 62, 64 is same as the height of elevator shaft. Thus, the guide rails 60, 62, 64 are supported in a certain intervals along the lengthwise of shaft

by rail brackets on the shaft wall.

However, the guide rails should be properly designed to select tl e correct dimensions

within the safe range so as not to occur a buckling.

Generally, a standard guide rail is used for design. K with numerals (a guide rail weight per unit meter) is used for representing the dimensions of standard guide rails and has the

properties of cross sectional area A, x-radius of gyration i^ y-radius of gyration i_y and allowable

stress σ_a.

To determine whether or not a buckling occurs, an allowable buckling stress σ_k would be calculated. The allowable buckling stress σ_k is a value of allowable stress σ_a being divided by a buckling coefficient ω. σ_k=σ_a/ ω (1)

Here, the bucking coefficient ω could be found in a Table showing a relation of the

buckling coefficient ω to slendemess ratio λ for the tensile stress of guide rails (for the values of buckling coefficient ω, over 370 N/mm² of Hie tensile stress of guide rails is recommended to use).

The slendemess ratio λ is a value that a distance of rail bracket intervals Db is divided by y-radius of gyration i-.. λ=Db/i_y (2)

Even though, the guide rails receive a proportionally distributed operating load during the operation of elevator, it assumes that each of guide rails receives tl e entire operating load for considering a safety factor.

The maximum operating load W being expected on a guide rail will be a sum of an elevator system weight W_t and a counterweight system weight W₂. The elevator system weiglit

W_j is the sum of half of car weight and half of maximum capacity of elevator C_p plus a rope weight R^. The counterweight system weight W₂ is the sum of half of the counterweight C_c and the rope weight R_w.

W + /2 +R, (3)

W^ /2+R, (4)

_W-=_{Wι + 2} (5)

The buckling stress σ_b is a value that the expected maximum operating load W expected on each guide rail multiples Hie bucking coefficient ω, then, divided by the cross sectional area A of guide rail. σ_b = ω xW/A (6)

If tlie calculated value of buckling stress σ_b is equal to or less than the allowable buckling stress σ_k, the guide rail will not buckle during the operation of elevator. σ_b<σ_k (7)

For an example, a standard guide rail 13K is used for designing the maximum capacity of 15 passenger elevator.

The standard guide rail 13K (rail weight is 13Kg per unit meter) has properties of cross sectional area A = 15.4 cm², x-radius of gyration i_x = 1.966 cm, y-radius of gyration i., = 1.81 cm, and allowable stress σ_a = 2,400 Kg/cm².

Assuming the car weight = 1,300 Kg, tlie maximum capacity of elevator C_p = 1,000

Kg, the counterweight C_c = 1,800 Kg, the rope weight R,,, = 120 Kg and the distance of rail bracket intervals D_h = 250 cm. W^ + ^+R^ l^OKg (3)

W₂ = C_C72+R_W= 1,020 Kg (4

W=W, +W₂ = 2,290 Kg (5

Thus, the maximum operating load W expected on each guide rail is 2,290 Kg. Next, the slendemess ratio λ is calculated as of the distance of rail bracket intervals D_h being divided by y-radius of gyration i_y. λ=Dh/i_y=25071.81 = 138 (2¹)

Here, the buckling coefficient ω =3.22 could be found in a Table (EN81-1, BS5655) showing a relation of the bucking coefficient ω to slendemess ratio λ for the tensile stress of guide rails 370 N/mm². h order to detemiine whether or not buclding occurs, H e allowable buckling stress σ_k should be calculated. The allowable buclding stress σ_k is d e value of allowable stress σ_a being divided by the bucking coefficient ω.

The value of allowable sfress σ_a = 2,400 Kg cm² comes from the properties of standard guide rail 13K σ_k=σ_a/ω = 2,400 /3.22 = 745.3 Kg/cm² (1)

The buckling stress σ_b expected on each guide rail is a value that the expected maximum operating load W times the bucking coefficient ω being divided by the cross sectional area A of guide rail.

σ_b = ω xW /A =478.8 Kg/cm² (6) Therefore, the comparison of buckling stress σ_b with the allowable buckling sfress σ_k is: σ_b (= 478.8 Kg/cm²) < σ_k (= 745.3 Kg/cm²) (7)

As be seen in the above example, the calculated value of buckling stress σ_b is less than the allowable buckling sfress σ_k. Thus, buckling of the guide rail will not occur during tlie operation of elevator. A selection of standard guide rail, 13K is sufficiently safe to use for the maximum capacity of 15 passenger elevator.

TABLE (EN81-1:1998) ,

8

The value ω related to λ for steel with tensile stress of 370N/mm²

Consequently, according to the present invention, the concentrated operating load generated during elevator operation is distributed over counterweight guiderails 62, 64 and the car guide rail 60, respectively, resulting in enabling to enhance further the supporting force

BRIEF DESOUPΗON OF TΗE DRAWINGS

Fig. la is a schematic illustration showing a conventional stracture for mounting an elevator traction machine being installed at the upper end of a shaft.

Fig. lb shows a sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. la illustrating a conventional elevating structure including a shaft and machine room being disposed at the upper end of a shaft.

Fig. 2a is a schematic illustration representing another type of conventional elevating stracture for mounting an elevator traction machine being installed nearby a ceiling of elevator shaft. Fig.2b is a sectional view taken along line B-B, showing a supporting beam installed nearby tlie ceiling area of shaft for mounting the elevator traction machine.

Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration showing a conventional structure for mounting a disc type elevator traction machine.

Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration showing another type of conventional stracture for mounting a belt type elevator fraction machine.

Fig. 5a is a schematic illustration of the present invention usfrating an installation structure for mounting an elevator traction machine at a rooftop.

Fig. 5b shows an enlarged view for bubble D showing the present invention of installation structure for mounting an elevator traction machine at a rooftop. Fig. 6 is a side view of the present invention showing a semi-assembly of installation structure for mounting an elevator traction machine.

Fig. 7 is a top view of semi-assembly of installation structure members showing the intermediate supporting beam being located on tl e set of basic supporting beams. Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of the present invention showing a pre-assembled traction machine foundation and an elevator traction machine.

Fig. 9 is a top view of final assembly of the present invention including an installation structure and elevator traction machine installed with a certain angle.

Fig. 10 is a top view of final assembly of the present invention showing both ends of front intermediate supporting beam extended to the side walls of shaft.

-The terminology on the principal parts in the drawings-

50: installation space 52: front intermediate supporting beam

51, 56: base floor(rooftop) 58a, 58b, 58c: basic supporting beams

60: car guide rail 62, 64: counterweight guide rails 66: rear intermediate supporting beam 68: shaft

70: car 80: pre-assembled traction machine foundation

82: upper frame 84: lower frame

APPLICAΠON TO THE INDUSTRY

Accordingly, the machine-room-less elevator installation structure with traction machine of present invention has capability not only to distribute a concentrated operating load being generated on the elevator fraction machine during the operation of elevator over the guide rail mostly through the installation structure members, but also to effectively minimize an installation space of elevator traction machine due to the unnecessity to form or extend the arrange the space for the traction machine.

Thus, it is capable to remove a conventional machine room being separately located at the upper end of the shaft without altering the traveling height of the elevator. It also has advantages for reducing the construction cost and using the existing elevating car, rope and sheaves, which have already proved their durability and reliability.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A machine-room-less elevator installation stmcture for mounting an elevator traction machine disposed at a rooftop floor, comprising: an installation space 50 having as a basic floor the floor 56 formed on the one side of the upper end of a shaft 68 in the direction perpendicular to the operation direction of a car 70, a pair of counterweight guide rails 62, 64 for guiding a counterweight 87 along the length of the shaft 68 on tl e side of the installation space, a car guide rail 60 for gdding the car being arranged parallel to the pair of counterweight guide rails 62, 64, basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c, each end of which is matched with each of said counterweight guide rails 62, 64 and said car guide rail 60, and each of opposite ends of said basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c being secured on the floor 56 of said installation space 50, intermediate supporting beams 52, 66 being secured transversely on said basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c, and a pre-assembled traction machine foundation 80 being installed on said intermediate supporting beams 52, 66, and an arrangement being capable to distribute an operating load being generated during an elevator operation over said floor 56 of the installation space 50 over the guide rails mostly through installation stracture members.

2. The installation stmcture of claim 1, wherein said pre-assembled traction machine foundation 80 comprises a upper frame 82 and a lower frame 84 disposed in a gap therebetween , a plurality of vibration absorbers 89 disposed between said upper frame 82 and said lower frame 84, and an anti-moment device 86 disposed between said upper frame 82 and said lower frame 84 in the direction of an end of the elevator traction machine and Hie opposite end thereof on which an operating load concentrated..

3. The installation stmcture of claim 2, wherein said anti-moment device 86 comprises U- shape brackets 88 disposed between a rear part of upper frame 82 and lower frame 84, and a moment-vibration absorber 92 disposed between said U-shape brackets 88 so as to be compressed.

4. The installation stmcture of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate supporting beams further comprise a front intennediate supporting beam 52 and rear intermediate supporting beam 66, said front intermediate supporting beam 52 being located nearby said protrading portion of basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c connected to match each of said counterweight guide rails 62, 64 and car guide rail 60, and said rear intermediate supporting beam 66 being located on the rear end of said basic supporting beams 58a, 58b, 58c secured on the floor of said installation space (50).

5. The installation structure of claim 4, wherein both ends of said front intermediate supporting beam 52 extend are fixed to side walls of shaft for dispersing the operating load on the beam 52 toward tl e side walls of the shaft.

6. The installation stmcture of claim 4, wherein said pre-assembled traction machine foundation 80 assembles with an elevator traction machine 90 before installation on said intermediate supporting beams 52, 66, said pre-assembled traction machine foundation 80 being arranged on said intermediate supporting beams 52, 66 with a certain angle α for mamtaining overall balance of elevating system by matching a wound rope at a pulley 95 of elevator traction maclώie 90 vertically coming from a sheave 92b of lower part of car 70 and down to a sheave of counterweight 87.

The installation stracture of claim 6, wherein said angle α is arange of 17.5° to 19.0°,