WO2001074168A1 - Method and kit for detecting microorganisms - Google Patents
Method and kit for detecting microorganisms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001074168A1 WO2001074168A1 PCT/US2001/040443 US0140443W WO0174168A1 WO 2001074168 A1 WO2001074168 A1 WO 2001074168A1 US 0140443 W US0140443 W US 0140443W WO 0174168 A1 WO0174168 A1 WO 0174168A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dry
- microorganisms
- growth medium
- substrate
- kit
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method and a kit for the detection and collection of microorganisms from the air and from surfaces utilizing a collection device that employs a dry collection methodology and a dry growth medium, and a container of a premeasured volume of liquid for hydrating the dry growth medium after microorganism collection on the dry growth medium has occurred.
- Mold spores are minute propagating units that facilitate the growth and spread of mold colonies. Inhalation of mold spores and other microorganisms into the lungs of humans has been found to be a significant factor in causing a number of different pneumoconioses and other health problems such as allergies, headaches, and fatigue. Most molds require oxygen and water to live and the aerobic molds of our environment are known to multiply and migrate by producing and releasing millions of mold spores into the air.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,968,012 provides a device for detecting bacteria and other microorganisms carried in the air inside of hospital respiratory machines, such as ventilators and anesthesia gas machines.
- the device comprises a culture medium dish, a cylindrical casing, and a sanitary cover where the dish and cover are substantially similar to a petri dish.
- the device is attached to the vent of a respiratory machine, and the cylindrical casing controls the flow of the air to the medium dish so that microbial particles are collected from the air.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,956,070 discloses a device comprising a casing to direct a flow of air over a cartridge containing a culture medium.
- the cartridge is comprised of a two-sided strip that is wound around two reels with a culture medium spread over each side of the strip. In operation, air is vented through the casing and over both sides of the culture medium strip.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,980,524 discloses a device resembling the shape of a common flashlight which comprises a casing that houses batteries, a motor with a drive- shaft and flanges, and a culture medium cup. In this device, the motor is employed with the drive-shaft and flanges to direct a volume of air over the medium cup.
- U.S. Patent No. 4,565,783 discloses a device for growing microorganisms, comprising a self- supporting water-proof substrate, a layer of adhesive coated thereon, and a coating of dry, cold-water-soluble growth medium powder adhered uniformly to the surface of the adhesive.
- a aqueous test sample is placed on the substrate in contact with the dry growth medium powder, the growth medium is hydrated to a gel and germination of microorganisms present in the test sample may result.
- moist agar to collect environmental mold spores may create what can be described as a time lag problem.
- An environmental mold spore impacting an unsealed hydrated microbiological growth medium during the first moments of exposure, i.e., the first minute in a 60-mim ⁇ te exposure may enjoy distinct survival advantages as compared to an environmental mold spore impacting a desiccated microbiological growth medium during the last moments of the exposure as a direct result of changes in moisture conditions of the growth medium over the exposure interval.
- the latter arriving spores may geminate only very slowly producing a micro-colony that may be too small to be visually enumerated, or may not even germinate at all.
- An undercount of the actual population of spores can result producing an inaccurate assessment of the true population of environmental mold spores in the location under analysis.
- a useful method of environmental air and surface sampling which comprises the dry collection and subsequent hydration, growth and enumeration of microorganisms has been discovered.
- the use of such procedures has been found to overcome the problems of time-lag growth disparities and evaporation of the activating liquid during collection identified above.
- dry collection devices exhibit a relatively long shelf-life and provide the added advantage of being. easier to handle, especially at the extremes of normal ambient temperatures.
- the dry collection method of the present invention is accomplished by means of an easy to use, low cost home test kit to quantify the environmental mold spore and microorganism count and represents an important step in the reduction of environmental microorganism levels.
- Such a kit is also useful to educators teaching concepts of microbiology and mathematics.
- the method and kit is also a tool for use in monitoring work environments including commercial/industrial facilities.
- One aspect of the present invention is a method of detecting microorganisms comprising the steps of exposing a dry collection device containing a dry growth medium to environmental microorganisms, adding a premeasured volume of liquid to the dry growth medium, and allowing collected microorganisms to grow into colonies.
- the exposure step may be accomplished by placing the collection device on a surface for a predetermined interval of time so that microorganisms in the air can settle out onto the collection device.
- the exposure step may also be accomplished by the direct application of a dry adhesive collection device to a surface so that microorganisms located on the surface can be captured and transferred directly to the dry growth medium prior to hydration.
- the step of adding a premeasured volume of liquid to the dry growth medium can be accomplished in a variety of ways all of which are considered to be within the scope of the invention, it is preferred that the liquid is applied so that only a predetermined area of the dry growth medium is hydrated. In such a fashion, the subsequent counting of microorganism colonies can be accomplished with respect to a standardized counting area and populations can be expressed in terms of colonies per unit area.
- One preferred technique for hydrating the dry growth medium involves the use of a hand press in which the press is placed on the cover over the liquid after its application to the dry growth medium and pressure is applied thereto sufficient to spread the liquid out over a predetermined area of the dry growth medium.
- the growth step of the method of the present invention is accomplished by allowing a sufficient interval of time to elapse to permit the growth of microorganism colonies and, depending on the growth characteristics of particular microorganisms which are being detected, can involve the placement of the hydrated collection device in an ambient environment or in a non-ambient environment such as, for example, an incubator.
- Certain embodiments of the method of the invention further comprise the step of counting the colonies of microorganisms that have grown on the growth medium device after its exposure to air and after hydration of the dry growth medium. The results from the count can then be analyzed in accordance with a variety of parameters known in the art.
- kits comprising a microorganism collection device having a substrate and a layer of dry growth medium applied thereon, and a container of a premeasured volume of liquid for hydrating the dry growth medium once collection of microorganisms has occurred.
- the substrate of the device is waterproof and self-supporting, while in other embodiments the substrate is in the form of a tape comprising a non-porous layer and a micro-porous layer adhesively attached thereto.
- the dry growth medium applied thereon is preferably soluble in cold or ambient water and in the form of a powder.
- the powder may comprise a gelling agent in sufficient amount to provide a gel having a Brookfield viscosity of at least 1500 cps when hydrated with a premeasured amount of water.
- the dry growth medium may have sufficient inherent adhesive characteristics such that it may be adhered directly to the substrate. Alternatively, the bond between the dry growth medium and the substrate may be facilitated by means of an adhesive pre-applied to the substrate or by mixing the dry growth medium with an adhesive prior to application to the substrate.
- the collection device further comprises an air-permeable membrane. The membrane may improve the growth of certain aerobic microorganisms if the growth medium is covered after exposure and hydration.
- the collection device may further comprise a cover sheet releasably adhered to at least a portion of the substrate.
- the cover sheet is opened in the first step of the method to expose the dry growth medium to the environment, and then the cover sheet is closed after the liquid is added to the medium and before the liquid is spread over the medium.
- the cover sheet serves several functions including the protection of the dry growth medium from unintended premature exposures, the retention of microorganisms once the collection step is completed, the retention of moisture once the hydrating liquid has been applied to the dry growth medium, and the preservation of the culture upon completion of microorganism colony growth.
- the kit further comprises a hand press for applying the premeasured volume of liquid to a predetermined area of the dry growth medium.
- the press may assume a variety of configurations that will accomplish the distribution of the liquid over the dry growth medium, the press preferably will comprise a pressing surface and a raised ring on the pressing surface defining a predetermined area such that the application of the press to the liquid on the growth medium results in the spreading out of the liquid to the full extent of the predetermined area.
- the resulting area in which the growth medium is hydrated allows for standardized counting so that microorganism populations can be expressed in terms of colonies per unit area.
- the kit of the invention can assume various configurations based on the needs and desires of the user as the kits may be tailored specifically for home, commercial/industrial, or office use and have applicability as well as teaching aids in schools and particularly for science instruction, all of which are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
- the kit of the device is particularly intended for use by consumers without need for assistance or employment of a microbiologist, laboratory technician or other skilled personnel
- the implementation of the quantifiable collection of environmental microorganisms from air and surfaces is made much more cost effective by employment of the collection methodology of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a collection kit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view of the collection kit of FIG. 1 showing the contents of the collection kit.
- FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of a collection device bearing a dry growth medium with a premeasured volume of liquid being applied to the dry growth medium.
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the device of FIG. 3 with the cover sheet open.
- FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of the device of FIG. 4 with the cover sheet closed around a premeasured volume of liquid.
- FIG. 6 is a top view of the device of FIG. 5 demonstrating the use of a hand press.
- FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a hand press.
- FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of a single layer, non-porous plastic tape.
- FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of the tape shown in FIG. 8 with an additional micro- porous layer.
- FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view of a filter pad placed within an enclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of a dry collection device illustrating its use in conjunction with a collection pad.
- FIG. 12 is a top view of microorganism colonies grown on a collection device.
- kits 10 having the necessary components for practicing the method of the invention is disclosed.
- the kit 10 comprises a packet containing a plurality of collection devices 12.
- Each collection device 12 may take various forms, a preferred form being marketed by 3M Company of St. Paul, Minnesota, under the trademark PetrifilmTM.
- the PetrifilmTM collection device is one of a variety of dry collection devices having a surface shown at 13 in Figure 3 on which a nutrient broth for producing microbiological growth has been pre-applied and allowed to dry.
- the surface 13 is non-porous.
- the surface 13 is preferably preprinted with a grid shown at 14 in Figure 3 which is visible through the nutrient medium so as to facilitate the counting of microorganism colonies.
- Each collection device 12 is preferably provided with a protective transparent film overlay shown at 15 in Figure 3, the overlay being adhesively attached to collection device 12 along one edge thereof as illustrated at 16.
- the kit 10 is further provided with a multiplicity of ampules 17 containing a premeasured volume of sterile buffered water or other activation fluid sufficient for hydrating the dehydrated culture medium on the surface 13 of collection device 12.
- the ampules 17 are supplied with sterile, buffered water.
- the kit 10 further comprises a suitable hand press 18 utilized for dispersing the activating liquid from ampule 17 over a controlled area of the surface of collection device 12, as will be described in more detail hereinafter.
- the kit 10 comprises suitable instructions 19 and an information sheet 20.
- a collection device 12 is removed from the packet of collection devices and the transparent film layer is pulled back in order to expose the surface carrying the dry growth medium as well as the inner surface of the transparent film layer.
- the inner surface of transparent film layer is also considered a collection surface on which microorganisms are collected.
- the inner surface of the transparent film layer has disposed thereon an adhesive, a dry growth medium or a mixture thereof. The collection device 12 is then placed on a surface in the location where microorganisms are suspected of being present.
- Strips of adhesive tape may be used to maintain the device in place with the film layer exposing the collection surfaces.
- the exposed collection device is preferably left in place for a period of about 0.5 hours to about 8 hours, and even more preferably from about 0.5 hours and about 2 hours, with during which airborne microorganisms will settle out and deposit themselves on the growth medium.
- the collection period is concluded and the contents of an ampule 17 is then dispensed onto the surface 13 of collection device 12.
- the transparent film layer is then placed over the activating liquid on the surface 13 of collection device 12, and as illustrated in Figure 6, the hand press 18 is pressed down to disperse the liquid over the dry growth medium.
- the applicator 18 is provided with an annular ring 21. When pressed downwardly, the activating liquid is dispersed to uniformly contact substantially all of the growth medium within the area defined by ring 21.
- the device is then placed in an aerobic container which is stored in a dry place, preferably at room temperature, so that the microorganisms will grow into visible colonies.
- Figure 12 shows a typical population of microorganism colonies on a collection device following a period of about four days.
- the darkened areas 23 each indicate a mold colony.
- adjacent colonies have begun to merge and, at this point, are ready to be counted.
- a sufficiently accurate count can thus be obtained by counting the number of dots, i.e., colonies, in a representative subset of the total number of squares of the grid printed on the collection device 12 within the circular area in which the culture medium has been activated. An average can be determined and multiplied by the total number of grids within the circular area to give an accurate estimate of the total count of microorganism colonies.
- Figure 8 shows an alternative form of available collection device which may be incorporated into the kit and used in the practice of the invention.
- the substrate for the device comprises a single layer, non-porous plastic tape 24 of about 20-80 microns in thickness.
- the tape is provided with an adhesive layer 24a which is substantially non-inhibitory to the growth of the microorganisms intended to be collected.
- the adhesive may have additives incorporated in or on it which will aid in making the microbiological colonies more visually distinct and countable. Such additives can be antibiotics and dyes.
- the third layer 24b is a detachable cover layer which keeps the adhesive collection surface sterile. Finger tabs 24c may be used to hold the tape substrate while pulling off cover layer 24b.
- the tape of Figure 8 is used in the method of the invention by removing the cover 24b and exposing the tape to air either actively in a volumetric sampler or passively by allowing the microorganisms to deposit themselves by gravity or by pressing the tape onto a surface
- the device is activated by removing the cover 15 of PetrifilmTM or a similar device and placing the device with its adhesive collection face down onto the hydrated surface as shown in Figure 3.
- the device now becomes the new cover over the growth medium and is pressed as described previously in Figure 6.
- Figure 9 shows a further form of collection device useful in carrying out the invention.
- a non-porous substrate typically available in tape form, has a micro- porous layer 25 adhesively attached hereto.
- Layer 26 has a Gurley porosity of less than 50 seconds and most preferably 0.1-25 seconds where Gurley porosity is defined as the time required to pass lOOcc of air through 1.0 square inch of material at standard pressure.
- Gurley porosity is defined as the time required to pass lOOcc of air through 1.0 square inch of material at standard pressure.
- the 26 has an upper surface to which an adhesive layer comprised of an adhesive substantially non- inhibitory to the growth of microorganisms is applied.
- the adhesive may have additives incorporated in or on it which will aid in making the microbiological colonies more visually distinct and countable. Such additives can be antibiotics and dyes.
- a detachable cover layer
- Figure 10 shows a sterile dry collection device 30 encased within its protective enclosure 32.
- the device is a porous pad.
- the pad is attached to a double sided tape 31 which is permanently attached to the pad with an adhesive shown at 30a which is substantially non inhibitory to the growth of microorganisms.
- the other side of the double sided tape is releasably attached at 31b to the enclosure.
- the pad 30 After the pad 30 is removed from its enclosure and exposed to the air passively, or in an active volumetric sampler, or as a wipe sampler, it is returned to its enclosure or other sterile container, hydrated with between about 1-3 ml of an appropriate nutrient broth, the nutrient being appropriate to the microorganism to the cultured and in a quantity sufficient to hydrate substantially the matrix of the pad.
- the enclosure 32 is then resealed as shown at 32a to hold the hydrated pad within an aerobic, high humidity envelope.
- the device is incubated and enumerated according to standard methods.
- FIG 11 shows still a further method of hydrating a porous pad 30 which has been exposed to gravitational collection or used as a wipe sampler or submitted to active collection in a volumetric sampler.
- the porous pad 30 with the collection surface face down is placed on the culture-carrying surface 13 of the device of Figure 3.
- the pad is then activated by hydrating using an ampule 17.
- the cover layer 15 is then closed and the hydrating agent is dispersed into the circle defined by the annular ring 21 on the hand press 18.
- a packet of ten collection devices 12 is provided to allow for sampling in most rooms in a typically sized home.
- the use of the transparent cover layers 15 allows for stacking of the collection devices without risk of cross contamination during the incubation period.
- PetrifilmTM is used in this invention as a self-contained quantifiable dry collection device and growth and enumeration device.
- the PetrifilmTM is exposed to ambient air by lifting its top cover and peeling it back completely to its hinge with the bottom film.
- the top cover can be pulled partially away from the bottom film at their mutual adhesive hinge. This stretching of the hinge will allow the top cover to be laid back onto the surface and remain open during the sampling period.
- An adhesive tape may be used at the top and bottom edges of the open film in order to securely hold it open and in place.
- the film is closed and removed to a flat, hard surface.
- the film is then reopened and hydrated with 1 ml of buffered water.
- the film is re- closed and a hand press is applied to the top of the film and the liquid is spread into a uniform circle between the top and bottom film.
- the film is incubated and enumerated as directed.
- Example 2 A further dry collection method involves the use of single layer adhesive tapes.
- the tape can be used actively to sample a specific area of a surface, passively via gravitational collection of microorganisms from the air or as the capture film in a volumetric pump sampler.
- the tape is coated with an adhesive which is substantially non-inhibitory to the growth of microorganisms.
- the tape may also contain dyes and other ingredients such as antibiotics in order to limit the growth of certain organisms.
- An example of this type of film is the top cover sheet of PetrifilmTM. Tapes of this type are well known to those skilled in the art.
- These thin (20-40 microns) tapes after a collection event, are transferred to and laid on various nutrient-coated surfaces for hydration, to initiate germination, growth and enumeration.
- the preferred nutrient-coated surfaces are porous pads and PetrifilmTM (3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota).
- Example 3 Another dry collection method is the use of a multi-layered compound tape, the active collection surface of which is a micro-porous breathable adhesive film.
- the micro-porous breathable film is attached on one side to a non porous clear tape backing, creating the compound, clear tape.
- the outer surface of the micro-porous tape is coated with an adhesive which is substantially non-inhibitory to the growth of microorganisms.
- the microporous tape will preferably have a Gurley porosity between 0.1 and 25 seconds and may contain dyes, antibiotics or other chemical enhancements to aid in the germination, growth identification and visualization of the microorganisms.
- the film is substantially the same in design to that of the bottom layer of PetrifilmTM as described in U.S. Patents 4,565,783 and 5,089,413 and RE35,286.
- this film is unique in that it is not coated with a nutrient medium and its preferred thickness is 40-100 microns so that it can be easily deformed onto the irregularities of collection surfaces and can subsequently be compressed easily into a confined area of hydration when placed on its nutrient device.
- Compound films of this type are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the film may be used actively or passively to collect microbes from air or surfaces. After collection, the film may be mounted on any agar surface or pad and hydrated with media broth or hydrated PetrifilmTM.
- Example 4 Collection pads made of various woven and non- woven natural and synthetic fibers which, after dry collection, are placed on hydrated nutrient agar surfaces or are hydrated with nutrient broths to initiate germination, growth and subsequent enumeration and quantification after the collection event. These collection pads are comprised of a complex web of micro-fibers which yield a rough textured capture surface relative to the size of the microorganisms as well as a deep complex capture web within the pads' structure. The micro- fibrous pads may also exhibit an electrostatic charge. These micro-fiber web pads are most suitable when air is turbulent or when the article or surface to which it is attached is in motion or an air stream is directed across it.
- the sterile pad is dispensed to the surface of interest from its packaging via forceps or sanitized gloved hand or attached tab.
- the pad may also be attached on one surface to one of the two tape devices described above or dispensed within its packaging envelope with one side exposed to the air.
- the packaging unit is resealed, incubated and enumerated as directed; or (4) if the pad has a micro-porous backing film, it can be inverted and laid upon and pressed into fresh agar media, incubated and enumerated as directed; or (5) if the pad is attached to a micro porous compound adhesive film described above, it can be hydrated with appropriate nutrient broth and covered with an attaching layer of film which is affixed to the adhesive layer of the film surrounding the sample pad, thereby creating an aerated, sealed bubble-like chamber with a micro porous edge exposed to the air, which will keep the chamber aerobic.
- Example 5 The invention further provides for the construction of a kit which combines one or more of the collection and enumeration devices and all the pertinent parts thereto for consumer use, i.e., which is not limited in use to scientific practitioners skilled in the field of microbiology.
- the kit is composed of the following items: a. A dry matrix which will actively or passively collect environmental air mold spores; b. A sterile or non-sterile activating broth or re-hydrating liquid that will induce environmental air mold spores to germinate and grow on the matrix in the pattern density in which it was collected; c. A container that may be used to store the activated matrices at an appropriate temperature range; d.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001571931A JP2004500115A (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-04-04 | Method and kit for detecting microorganisms |
CA002405122A CA2405122A1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-04-04 | Method and kit for detecting microorganisms |
AU2001255829A AU2001255829A1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-04-04 | Method and kit for detecting microorganisms |
EP01929040A EP1286593A1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-04-04 | Method and kit for detecting microorganisms |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US19466600P | 2000-04-04 | 2000-04-04 | |
US60/194,666 | 2000-04-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001074168A1 true WO2001074168A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
Family
ID=22718446
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/040443 WO2001074168A1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-04-04 | Method and kit for detecting microorganisms |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6770454B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1286593A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004500115A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001255829A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2405122A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001074168A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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FR2949477A1 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2011-03-04 | Millipore Corp | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SAMPLING SURFACE ANALYSIS |
EP2927310A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-07 | Avidicare AB | Sampling structure for airborne microbes |
DE102014114444A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-07 | Haico Böhmer | Method and treatment device for the permanent removal of mold |
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US7874128B2 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2011-01-25 | Hartmut Dunkelberg | Test unit and method for testing whether a sterilizing packaging unit is effective against recontamination, and container packaging suitable for applying said method |
US20070026481A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | Reilly Sean M | Toxic mold screening kit & method for the colorimetric determination of the presence or absence of the toxic mold stachybotrys chartarum and other toxic environmental molds |
MX2010005571A (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2010-06-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Environmental sampling articles and methods. |
WO2009082667A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-07-02 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microbiological systems and methods of fluid sample analysis |
US20090305336A1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2009-12-10 | Geneva Laboratories, Inc. | Devices and methods for sampling microbial flora |
CN102131915A (en) * | 2008-08-21 | 2011-07-20 | 3M创新有限公司 | Methods and compositions for counting antibiotic-resistant microorganisms |
US8677840B2 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2014-03-25 | Innovaprep Llc | Surface sampler for bioterrorism particle detection |
BR112012016132A2 (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2020-09-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | microbial detection article |
US8777171B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2014-07-15 | Smart Air Technologies Llc | Airborne particle and microorganism collection system |
JP4743334B1 (en) * | 2010-05-09 | 2011-08-10 | 合同会社イーエムバイオエンジニアリング | Simple evaluation method of microbial risk and functional space to avoid the problem |
US10563164B1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2020-02-18 | Charm Sciences, Inc. | Plate reader |
US10495563B1 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2019-12-03 | Charm Sciences, Inc. | Plate reader observation methods and operation |
WO2018125805A1 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Microbial detection devices including adhesive masked nutrients and methods of using the same |
CN110546452B (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2022-10-18 | 发茂特有限公司 | Product and method for measuring the surface topography of crops or pastures |
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2001
- 2001-04-04 CA CA002405122A patent/CA2405122A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-04 US US09/826,045 patent/US6770454B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-04 AU AU2001255829A patent/AU2001255829A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-04 WO PCT/US2001/040443 patent/WO2001074168A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-04 JP JP2001571931A patent/JP2004500115A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-04 EP EP01929040A patent/EP1286593A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
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US4587213A (en) * | 1971-09-29 | 1986-05-06 | Malecki George J | Methods and means of determining microorganism population |
US5137812A (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1992-08-11 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Colony blotting method and device |
WO1998031785A1 (en) * | 1997-01-15 | 1998-07-23 | Orion-Yhtymä Oyj | Solid culture medium for microorganisms, process for its preparation, and use |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2949477A1 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2011-03-04 | Millipore Corp | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SAMPLING SURFACE ANALYSIS |
EP2292730A1 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2011-03-09 | Millipore Corporation | Sampling method and device for the analysis of a surface |
EP2927310A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-07 | Avidicare AB | Sampling structure for airborne microbes |
WO2015150454A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Avidicare Ab | Sampling structure |
DE102014114444A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-04-07 | Haico Böhmer | Method and treatment device for the permanent removal of mold |
DE102014114444B4 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2016-07-14 | Haico Böhmer | Method and treatment device for the permanent removal of mold |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004500115A (en) | 2004-01-08 |
US20010041352A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
CA2405122A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
EP1286593A1 (en) | 2003-03-05 |
US6770454B2 (en) | 2004-08-03 |
AU2001255829A1 (en) | 2001-10-15 |
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