WO2001071872A1 - Gas insulation switch - Google Patents
Gas insulation switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001071872A1 WO2001071872A1 PCT/JP2001/001216 JP0101216W WO0171872A1 WO 2001071872 A1 WO2001071872 A1 WO 2001071872A1 JP 0101216 W JP0101216 W JP 0101216W WO 0171872 A1 WO0171872 A1 WO 0171872A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circuit breaker
- accumulator
- unit
- gas
- working fluid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H33/30—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using fluid actuator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
- H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
- H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
- H02B13/0352—Gas-insulated switchgear for three phase switchgear
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas insulated switchgear installed in an electric station such as a substation or a switchyard.
- a gas insulated switchgear is composed of a combination of circuit breakers, disconnectors, grounding switches, current transformers for instruments, and current-carrying conductors that electrically connect these devices, which are insulated by insulating gas. .
- the gas-insulated switchgear constantly monitors the current, and if an accident current is detected, opens the circuit breaker and disconnects the accident line from the system. If it is restored, turn on the circuit breaker and connect the disconnected line to the system. For this reason, the circuit breaker that constitutes the gas insulated switchgear is provided with an actuator that drives its contacts.
- the operating device described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-47314 is an example of such an operating device, and is a hydraulic device that drives a contact by accumulating a working fluid.
- Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-162920 describes a technique for reducing the overall height of a gas insulated switchgear by disposing an AKUMURA between the phases of a gas circuit breaker. Disclosure of the invention
- a representative object of the present invention is to reduce the installation area to reduce the size.
- Another representative object of the invention is to improve the transport of gas-insulated switchgear.
- the present invention focuses on the arrangement of an actuator for driving the contacts of a circuit breaker, particularly an accumulator provided for accumulating the pressure of a working fluid, and its basic feature is that an accumulator having a circular cross section is cut off.
- the gap between adjacent tanks of each of the circuit breaker units is smaller than the width of the accumulator.
- between the phases of the circuit breaker units means a space formed between circuit breaker units arranged adjacent to each other in parallel.
- Accumulators are provided corresponding to the actuators and are arranged between each phase of the circuit breaker unit. Alternatively, it is configured to include a first accumulation unit provided corresponding to one of the operation units, and a second accumulation unit provided corresponding to the other two of the operation units. Placed between each phase of the breaker unit. Alternatively, two adjacent actuators of the actuator are provided correspondingly, and the two adjacent actuators and the corresponding breaker unit are arranged between the phases. ,
- an actuator and an accumulator are provided correspondingly, two accumulators are arranged between the circuit breaker unit located at one end and the circuit breaker unit located at the center, and the circuit breaker located at the other end. The remaining one accumulator is located between the unit and the centrally located circuit breaker unit.
- the accumulator unit includes the first and second accumulators, the volume of the second accumulator unit is larger than that of the first accumulator, specifically, twice as large.
- the diameter of the pipe connecting the accumulator with the actuator provided corresponding to the breaker unit located in the center, and both ends The diameter of the pipe connecting the accumulator and the actuator provided corresponding to the breaker unit located in the section is different, specifically, it is provided corresponding to the breaker unit located in the center
- the diameter of the pipe connecting the actuator and the accumulator is smaller than the diameter of the pipe connecting the actuator and the accumulator provided corresponding to the breaker units located at both ends.
- the feature of the present invention is that three circuit breaker units are juxtaposed, the accumulator unit is arranged between the circuit breaker units, an axis perpendicular to the direction in which the circuit breaker units are arranged, and the center of the accumulator unit is cut off.
- the angle with the axis connecting the centers of the parts is in the range of 10 degrees to 30 degrees.
- breaker units are juxtaposed, accumulators are arranged between the phases of the breaker unit, and the cut-off part is in the form of a tank, the center of the accumulator and the center of the evening cut-off part.
- the distance is about 7.0% of the diameter of the evening cut.
- the breaking portion has a tank shape, and is in a direction perpendicular to the line-up direction of the breaker unit.
- a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the breaker units are arranged, from the outer peripheral end of the breaker opposite to the accumulator, to the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the breaker units are arranged, and from the outer end of the accumulator to the side opposite to the breaker The distance at is less than 130% of the diameter of the tank-shaped cutoff.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an arrangement configuration of an accumulator provided in an operation device of a gas insulated switchgear according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an arrow II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view in the viewing direction
- FIG. 3 is a comparative example
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an arrangement configuration of an accumulator provided in an operation device of the gas-insulated switchgear
- FIG. 4 is a comparative example
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an arrangement configuration of accumulators provided in an operation device of the switchgear
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an arrangement configuration of a substation according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- 6 is a sectional view taken along the line VI-VI of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG. 5
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line VIII-VIII of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an arrangement of an accumulator installed in an operation device of a gas insulated switchgear according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view of an accumulator provided in an operation device of a gas-insulated switchgear according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. Figure 5 shows the layout of the substation.
- a plurality of gas-insulated switchgears are connected to each other.
- the transmission line is connected to the pushers 1a to 1d via a drop-in tower not shown.
- the pushers 1a to 1d are arranged in a row along the arrangement of the drop-in pylon, facing the bow I pylon.
- Each of the bushings 1a to 1d is composed of three-phase single-phase bushings arranged in a triangular shape. In some cases, the single-phase bushings consist of three phases and are arranged in a row along the side of the drop-in tower.
- the pushers 1 a to 1 d are connected to the first main bus 4 a, the second main bus 4 b, and the like via transmission line circuits 2 a to 2 d.
- the first main bus 4a and the second main bus 4b are disposed in parallel and opposed to each other, and the pushers 1a to ld and the transformers 7a, 7 are arranged so as to be parallel to the arrangement of the pushers 1a to ld. and b.
- the first main bus 4a and the second main bus 4b, and the transformer line 3a and the transmission line 2c and 2.d are arranged between the transmission line 2a and 2b.
- Transformer line 3b is connected.
- Transformer 7a is connected to transformer line 3a
- transformer 7b is connected to transformer line 3b.
- bus division lines 6a and 6b are arranged between the transmission line 2b and the transmission line 2c.
- the bus division line 6a is connected to the first main bus 4a, and the first main bus 4a is connected to the transformer line 3a and the transformer line 3b or the transmission line 2a, 2b and the transmission line. Classify into 2c and 2d side.
- the bus division line 6b is connected to the second main bus 4b, and the second main bus 4b is connected to the transformer line 3a and the transformer line 3b or the transmission line 2a, 2b and the transmission line.
- a bus connecting line 5a connecting the first main bus 4a and the second main bus 4b is arranged between the transmission line 2a and the transformer line 7a.
- a bus connecting line 5b that connects the first main bus 4a and the second main bus 4b is arranged between the transmission line 2d and the transformer line 7b.
- FIG. 6 shows a device configuration of the gas insulated switchgear constituting the transmission line 2.
- the circuit breaker unit 12 laid horizontally should be perpendicular to the main bus disconnector units 10, 11. Three phases are juxtaposed.
- the circuit breaker unit 12 includes a circuit breaker 13 and an operating device 14 arranged on one end side of the circuit breaker 13.
- the cut-off section 13 is configured such that a pair of contacts (electric contacts) including a movable contact and a fixed contact are housed in a tank filled with SF 6 gas, which is an insulating gas.
- the sunset is a closed metal container and is grounded.
- the actuator 14 drives the movable contact of the shut-off section 13 and is a hydraulic type that operates by accumulating the working fluid.
- the actuator .14 is provided with an accumulator 15 for accumulating the pressure of the working fluid. The configuration of the Accumule 15 will be described later with reference to Figs. '
- a drawer 13a extending vertically upward is formed at the upper end of one end of the blocking part 13.
- An instrument current transformer 16 is provided in the drawer 13a.
- busbar connection Yunitto 1 9 configured housed with bus connection conductor 1 7 to the ground equipment 1 8 in a tank SF 6 gas is sealed is provided.
- the tank is a sealed metal container and is grounded.
- bus connection unit 1 9 On one side the side of the bus connection unit 1 9, bus and configured to house the bus conductor 2 0 and disconnector 2 1 in a tank SF 6 gas is sealed Yunitto 1 0 insulation space p o 2 2 It is provided through.
- the bus conductors 20 are accommodated collectively for three phases and arranged in a triangular shape.
- Bus connection Yunitto to 1 9 on the other side side bus Yunidzu sheet 1 0 contradictory side
- bus configured to house the bus conductors 2 3 and the disconnector 2 4 in a tank SF 6 gas is sealed Yunitto 1 1 is via insulation spacer 2 5 It is provided.
- the bus conductors 23 are collectively accommodated for three phases and arranged in a triangular shape.
- Each of the above tanks is a sealed container made of metal and is grounded.
- the bus units 10 and 11 are horizontally arranged on the same plane to reduce the installation height of the gas insulated switchgear.
- a drawer section 13b extending horizontally is provided on the side.
- An instrument current transformer 26 is provided in the drawer section 13b.
- Bow to the side of the output unit 1 3 b, SF 6 gas is disconnecting switch 2 7 and the grounding device in evening enclosed tank 2.8, 2 9 vertical disconnector which housed constitute Yunidzu bets 3 0 Is provided through an insulating spacer 31.
- the tank is a closed metal container: and is grounded.
- the connecting bus bar unit 3 which houses the connecting bus bar 32 inside the tank, is an insulating switch. It is provided through the service 34.
- the connection bus 35 is housed in a tank filled with SF 6 gas. It is provided through one third 37.
- the top of the connection bus unit 3 3, SF 6 instrument transformer Yunitto 3 9 gas is constituted by accommodating an instrument ⁇ transformer tank sealed is provided through an insulating scan Bae colonel 3 8 I have.
- connection bus unit 36 a lightning arrester unit 41 containing a stack of zinc oxide elements housed in a tank filled with S Fs gas is connected via an insulation switch 40. It is provided.
- Each of the above tanks is a sealed container made of metal and is grounded.
- a branch bus unit 43 formed by housing the branch bus 42 in a tank filled with S Fs gas is insulated.
- the service is provided through 44.
- the branch buses 42 are housed collectively for three phases.
- the tank is a closed container made of metal and is grounded.
- the branch bus unit 43 extends to the pushing 1 and is branched for each phase in the pushing 1 part, and is connected to the bushing of each phase.
- FIG. 7 shows a device configuration of the gas insulated switchgear constituting the bus connecting line 5 and the bus dividing line 6.
- the breaker unit 12 and the bus connection unit 19 have the same arrangement and configuration as the gas insulated switchgear constituting the transmission line 2. In the insulated switchgear shown in FIG.
- a bus unit 11 is provided on one side of the bus connection unit 19 (the side opposite to the bus unit 10 side) via an insulation spacer 25.
- a connection bus unit 47 which houses a connection bus 45 and a grounding device 46 in a tank filled with SF s gas, is provided with an insulation sensor 2 at a drawer portion 13b of the blocking portion 13. It is provided through two.
- the connection bus unit 47 extends vertically upward from the center axis of the circuit breaker unit 12, and a bus unit 10 is provided on the side of the bus unit 11 via an insulating spacer 22. Is provided.
- the bus unit 10 of the connection bus unit 47 is arranged at the same height as the bus unit 11.
- the tank is a closed container made of metal and is grounded.
- An instrument transformer unit 48 is provided at the end of the bus unit 10, 11 of the bus division line 6 opposite to the main bus 4 a, 4 b side.
- FIG. 8 shows a device configuration of the gas insulated switchgear constituting the transformer circuit 3.
- the circuit breaker unit 12, bus connection unit 14, bus unit 10, 11, connection bus unit 36, and lightning arrester unit 41 have the same configuration as the gas insulated switchgear that composes the transmission line 2. Has become.
- S gas is sealed between the draw-out portion 13b of the cut-off portion 13 and the connection bus unit 36.
- a grounding device 49 is housed in a tank filled with S.
- the grounding unit 50 is provided via insulating spacers 31 and 37.
- the opposite side of the ground equipment units 5 0 side of the connection bus Yunidzuto 3 6, the branch bus Yunitto 5 2 configured to house the connecting base lines 5 1 to a tank SF 6 gas is sealed insulating spacer It is provided via 53.
- the branch bus unit 52 extends to the transformer 7 and is connected to the transformer 7.
- Each of the above tanks is a sealed container made of metal and is grounded.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show the arrangement of an accumulator 15 provided in an operation device 14 of the gas insulated switchgear constituting each circuit described above.
- the breaker The arrangement of the accumulator 15 with respect to the unit 12 is shown in a schematic diagram so that the arrangement can be easily understood.
- 13a to 13c are circuit breakers that constitute the circuit breaker unit of the gas insulated switchgear of each line described above.
- Each of the cut-off portions 13a to l3c has a cylindrical tank shape, and each of the cut-off portions 13a to l3c has an evening shape having a diameter of 630.
- An operating device 14a is provided for the shut-off portion 13a
- an operating device 14b is provided for the shut-off portion 13b
- an operating device 14c is provided for the shut-off portion 13c.
- the actuators 14a to 14c are of a hydraulic type that drives the circuit breaker by accumulating the working fluid.
- the blocking portions 13a to 13c are arranged so that the gap between the tanks adjacent to each other is smaller than the width of the accumulators 15a to 15c.
- blocking parts 13a-1c are arrange
- Actuator 14a is provided with accumulator 15a
- actuator 14b is provided with accumulator 15b
- actuator 14c is provided with accumulator 15c.
- the accumulators 15a to 15c accumulate the pressure of the working fluid, that is, maintain the pressure of the working fluid at a predetermined pressure.
- the accumulators 15a to 15c are 200 fibers in diameter. Further, the diameter of the accumulators 15a to 15c is preferably about 30% of the tank diameter of the shutoff sections 13a to 13c.
- a pipe 54c is provided corresponding to each night between 15c and 15c. Some of the pipes 54a to 54c allow the working fluid to flow between the corresponding actuators.
- 53 is an operation box for collectively storing the operation devices 14a to l4c.
- the intervals between 15 a and 15 b in Accumure are arranged so that they become 80 awake.
- the distance from the upper part of the blocking parts 13a to 13c to the lower part of the accumulators 15a to c is arranged so as to be 770 hires.
- the accumulée 15a-c has a circular cross section, if the central axis is extended upward, they are arranged in such a way as to hit the blocking parts 13a-l3c. I have.
- the accumulator 15 is arranged such that the angle 0 between the straight line Lb connecting the center of the accumulator 15 and the center of the cut-off portion 13 and the vertical axis of the cut-off portion 13 is about 10 to 30 °. It is desirable. Also, it is desirable that the straight line Lb connecting the center of the accumulator 15 and the center of the cut-off section 13 is about 70% of the tank diameter of the cut-off section 13. Therefore, the distance from the upper part of the cut-off part 13 to the lower part of the accumulator 1.5.
- the accumulator 15 has a circular cross section, but is arranged such that the accumulator 15 hits the blocking portion 13 when its central axis is extended upward. Furthermore, the positional relationship between the accumulator 15a and the cutoff 13a, the accumulate 15b and the cutoff 13b, and the accumulator 15c and the cutoff 13c may be the same or not. Position.
- the accumule 15a to 15c opens between the phases of the blocking portions 13a to 13c, that is, the space formed between the blocking portions arranged in parallel, and below the blocking portion. It is arranged in space. Specifically, accumulators 15a and 15b are arranged in parallel between the intercepting sections 13a and 13b. An accumulator 15c is arranged between the phases of the cutoff portions 13b and 13c. The accumulator 15b may be arranged in parallel with the accumulator 15c and between the phases of the cut-off portions 13b., 13c.
- the pipes 54a to 54c are formed to have the same length and the same thickness so that the breaking characteristics of the three circuit breaker units do not vary.
- the dimension L 1 in the interphase direction and the dimension L 2 in the height direction can be reduced as compared with the comparative examples shown in FIGS. That is, in the comparative example shown in FIG. 3, the accumulators 15 a and 15 b are arranged between the respective phases of the interrupters 13 a to 13 c, but the accumulator 15 c is connected to the interrupters 13 b of the interrupter 13 c. It is located on the opposite side to the side. For this reason, the operation box 53 is located on the outer side in the inter-phase direction from the side of the cut-off section 13c (part farthest to the outside in the inter-phase direction from the center of the block section 13c). Protrude into.
- the operation box 53 is shut off. '' It can be as small as the side of the cut 13c. Therefore, the size of the gas-insulated switchgear is reduced, and the installation area of the gas-insulated switchgear including the work area for maintenance and inspection is reduced. Can be reduced.
- the blocking sections 13a to l3c The lower part of the operation box 53 is the size of the accumulators 15a to 15c from the lower part (the part farthest vertically downward from the center of the cutoff parts 13a to 13c). Protrude downward for a minute.
- accumulators are arranged between the respective phases of the cutoff portions 13a to l3c. 15a to 15c, so that the accumulator 15a
- the operation box 53 can be made smaller by the amount that ⁇ l5c is shifted upward. Therefore, the installation height of the gas insulated switchgear is reduced, and the gas insulated switchgear can be integrally transported in the installed state.
- the transportation means can be changed from trailer transportation with high transportation cost to truck transportation with low transportation cost. This effect can be further improved by the horizontal arrangement of the bus units 10 and 11.
- FIG. 9 shows an arrangement of an accumulator provided in an operation device of the gas insulated switchgear of the present embodiment.
- This embodiment is an improved example of the first embodiment.
- Accumulators 15a and 15b arranged in parallel between the cut-off sections 13a and 13b are connected to one common accumulator. It consists of 15 abs.
- the volume of the accumulator 15 ab is twice the volume of the accumulator 15 c.
- the accumulator 15 ab has a shape with a diameter of 300 strokes.
- the distance from the upper part of the blocking parts 13 a to l 3 c to the lower part of the accumulators 15 a to c is arranged to be 800 thighs. Other dimensions are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the diameter of the accumule 15 ab is about 40% of the tank diameter of the shutoff 13.
- the distance L a from the upper part of the cutoff parts 13 a to l 3 c to the lower part of the accumulators 15 a to c is set to be less than 140% of the tank diameter of the cut off part 13. Is desirable.
- the dimension L1 in the interphase direction and the dimension L2 in the height direction can be reduced as compared with the comparative examples shown in FIGS. Therefore, the size of the gas-insulated switchgear is reduced, and the installation area of the gas-insulated switchgear, including the work area for maintenance and inspection, is reduced, so that the distance between the gas-insulated switchgear constituting each circuit is reduced.
- the substation can be made smaller.
- the installation height of the gas insulated switchgear is reduced, so that the gas insulated switchgear can be transported together with the gas insulated switchgear installed. Can be changed to
- the number of accumulators is reduced, so that the cost of the gas insulated switchgear can be reduced as compared with the previous example.
- FIG. 10 shows an arrangement configuration of an accumulator provided in an operating device of the gas insulated switchgear of the present embodiment.
- This implementation is an improved example of the second embodiment, in which the accumulator 15 c arranged opposite to the intercepting portions 13 b and 13 c is composed of an accumulator 15 bc having the same volume as the accumulator 15 ab.
- Piping 54 b is connected to both 15 ab and 15 bc.
- the diameter of the pipe 54b is made smaller than the diameter of the pipes 54a and 54c so that the breaking characteristics of the three circuit breaker units do not vary.
- the length of the pipe from the accumulator to the actuator is the same.
- the dimension L1 in the interphase direction and the dimension L2 in the height direction can be reduced as compared with the comparative examples shown in FIGS. Therefore, the size of the gas insulated switchgear is reduced, and the gas insulation including the work area for maintenance and inspection is reduced.
- the installation area of the edge insulated switchgear is reduced, so each circuit is composed. The distance becomes shorter and the substation can be made smaller.
- the installation height of the gas insulated switchgear is reduced, so that the gas insulated switchgear can be transported as a single unit with the gas insulated switchgear installed. Can be changed to .. ':
- the cost of the gas insulated switchgear can be reduced as compared with the previous example.
- the accumulator is arranged between the phases of the circuit breaker unit, the size of the gas insulated switchgear can be reduced.
- the installation height of the gas-insulated switchgear is reduced, and the transportation of the gas-insulated switchgear can be improved.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020027011803A KR20020091121A (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2001-02-20 | Gas insulation switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000081726 | 2000-03-17 | ||
JP2000-81726 | 2000-03-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001071872A1 true WO2001071872A1 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
Family
ID=18598624
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2001/001216 WO2001071872A1 (en) | 2000-03-17 | 2001-02-20 | Gas insulation switch |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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KR (1) | KR20020091121A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1418393A (en) |
TW (1) | TW504883B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001071872A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20130019715A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-27 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Control apparatus of gas insulated switchgear |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61144551U (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1986-09-06 | ||
JPS61162920U (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1986-10-08 | ||
JPS62184644U (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1987-11-24 |
-
2001
- 2001-02-20 KR KR1020027011803A patent/KR20020091121A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-20 CN CN01806755A patent/CN1418393A/en active Pending
- 2001-02-20 WO PCT/JP2001/001216 patent/WO2001071872A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-27 TW TW090104421A patent/TW504883B/en active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61144551U (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1986-09-06 | ||
JPS61162920U (en) * | 1985-03-29 | 1986-10-08 | ||
JPS62184644U (en) * | 1986-05-14 | 1987-11-24 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20130019715A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-27 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Control apparatus of gas insulated switchgear |
KR101702598B1 (en) | 2011-08-17 | 2017-02-03 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | Control apparatus of gas insulated switchgear |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1418393A (en) | 2003-05-14 |
TW504883B (en) | 2002-10-01 |
KR20020091121A (en) | 2002-12-05 |
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