WO2001063014A1 - An electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar - Google Patents
An electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001063014A1 WO2001063014A1 PCT/AU2001/000199 AU0100199W WO0163014A1 WO 2001063014 A1 WO2001063014 A1 WO 2001063014A1 AU 0100199 W AU0100199 W AU 0100199W WO 0163014 A1 WO0163014 A1 WO 0163014A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- cathode
- section
- collector
- bar
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic reduction cell for the production of a metal, such as aluminium.
- the present invention relates particularly to a collector bar construction for use in such cells.
- Aluminium metal is generally produced in an electrolytic reduction cell by the Hall-Heroult process in which electrical current is passed through an electrolytic bath comprising alumina dissolved in molten cryolite to cause the electrodeposition of molten aluminium as a metal pad on the cell cathode.
- An electrolytic reduction cell comprises an outer steel shell that is lined with a layer of insulating material, such as refractory bricks. Blocks of carbonaceous material are placed on top of the insulating layer on the base of the cell and these blocks form the cathode of the cell. The blocks are hereinafter referred to as "cathode blocks" .
- the cathode must last for the expected operating life of the cell, which is typically 1000 to 2000 days.
- a number of consumable anodes are located a short distance above the metal pad that forms above the cathode.
- an electrolytic bath is located between the metal pad and the anodes, and the passage of electrical current through the electrolytic bath breaks down the dissolved alumina in the electrolytic bath into aluminium and oxygen and the molten aluminium collects in the metal pad on the cathode.
- the molten aluminium is periodically drained from the metal pad, typically on a daily basis.
- Electrolytic reduction cells are arranged in potlines in which a large number of cells are connected in series. Electrical current enters a cell through the anodes, passes through the electrolytic bath and pad of molten metal and into the cathode. The current in the cathode is collected and passes to an external current carrier, such as an external bus bar, and then along to the next cell.
- an external current carrier such as an external bus bar
- collector bars that are embedded in the cathode blocks are used to collect electrical current from the cathode and conduct it to an external ring bus .
- the bar is made from steel and is either cast or glued into a channel formed in the underside of a cathode block.
- the cathode current density distribution along the length of cathode blocks is uneven with the outermost portions of the blocks drawing current at up to three to four times higher density compared to the inner portions of the blocks .
- Current travels unevenly through the cathode blocks as it finds the least resistance path from the cell. Specifically, current tends to travel through the cathode blocks towards the ends of the collector bars rather than directly down through the cathode into the collector bars, thus increasing the average current path length in the cathode. Poor conductivity of steel collector bars and the use of high conductivity cathode material contribute to the uneven current density.
- the uneven current density is an uneven current distribution on the surface of the cathode blocks . It is highest near to the outer edge of the anode shadow or ledge toe .
- the uneven cathode current distribution has a dual effect on cell operation: on the one hand it increases the rate of erosion of carbonaceous material by increasing the chemical activity of sodium (this drives the aluminium carbide-forming reaction) in the affected region; and on the other hand it increases the rate of transport of dissolved aluminium carbide by inducing circulation of metal and catholyte.
- This increased circulation can result either from increased metal pad heave due to interaction in the metal pad of horizontal currents with vertical magnetic fields or from the Marangonni effect (i.e. circulation induced by uneven interfacial tension between catholyte and aluminium due to uneven cathode current density distribution at the interface) .
- the rate of erosion of carbon is therefore directly related to the current density and the rate of circulation of metal and catholyte.
- An objective of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of electrolytic reduction cells by improving the spacial current density distribution in the cells cathode and metal pad.
- an electrolytic reduction cell for the production of a metal, which cell includes: an outer shell and an inner lining of insulating material which form a base, side walls and end walls for containing an electrolytic bath; an anode; a cathode located on the base of the cell; and a plurality of collector bars which electrically connect the cathode to an electrical current carrier that is external to the cell, wherein each collector bar includes an elongated first section that contacts the cathode and at least one end section that extends through one of the side walls and is electrically connected to the electrical current carrier, and wherein the cell is characterised in that, for the purpose of controlling current distribution, the first section of each collector bar includes a core of relatively high electrical conductivity material and an outer housing of a more mechanically stable and chemically resistant material than the core material and the end section of each collector bar is formed from relatively low thermal conductivity material .
- the applicant has made the following findings in computer modelling studies and in operation of several test cells.
- collector bars having a highly electrically conductive core improves the spatial current density and therefore the stability of an electrolytic reduction cell .
- collector bars having a relatively low thermal conductivity end section avoids excessive heat loss from the cell via the collector bars.
- collector bars with the conductive core enclosed in a more mechanically and chemical resistant material than the core material achieves collector bar durability at least equivalent to conventional steel collector bars.
- the core material is copper or a copper alloy.
- the outer housing material is a relatively low electrical conductivity material compared to the core material .
- the outer housing material is steel.
- the end section material is steel.
- the cathode is in the form of a plurality of blocks that are positioned side by side on the base of the cell.
- the cathode blocks extend side by side along the length of the cell with the ends of the blocks contiguous with the side walls of the cell.
- collector bars per block there are two collector bars per block, with the first section of one bar extending substantially half way along the length of the block with an end section extending through one side wall and the first section of the other bar extending substantially half way along the length of the block with an end section extending through the other side wall.
- the undersurface of the block includes a channel which receives the first section of the collector bar.
- the first section of the collector bar is cast or glued in the channel .
- the cell includes a means for increasing the effective surface area of electrical contact between the cathode and the relatively high electrical conductivity material core of each collector bar.
- the cell also includes a means for improving both the longitudinal and transverse distribution of current in the cathode.
- the electrical contact means includes a plurality of electrical contact plugs mounted in electrical contact to the cathode and to the collector bars .
- the collector bar is cylindrical and the diameter of the core is 60-80%, more preferably 70%, of the diameter of the collector bar.
- the present invention is based on thermal, electrical and stress modelling studies on a proposed aluminium reduction cell design and on the results of operation of test cells based on the cell design at the smelter of the applicant situated at Bell Bay, Zealand, Australia.
- the cell design is based on the use of collector bars having a copper core housed in an outer steel sleeve. The cell design is described in more detail in section D in relation to the figures.
- Table 1 contains a compilation of the expected current distribution data obtained through electrical (3- D) modelling which shows that the cell design (“the Test Cell”) had a significantly more uniform cathode current density distribution and significantly reduced horizontal currents compared to two standard cells (“Std” and “Graphitic Std”) .
- the sample was cut open and the interface between the copper and the steel was examined using SEM and Microprobe analysis. The examination showed the following:
- Regions affected by oxygen penetration did not form this metallurgical bond.
- test cells were constructed with collector bars of half-cell length. It is noted that the present invention is not restricted to such arrangements and extends to full cell collector bars.
- Figures 1 to 6 illustrate the construction of one test cell.
- Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section along the length of the cell
- Figure 2 is an enlargement of the right hand end of the cell shown in Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a vertical cross-section across one half of the cell
- Figures 4 and 5 are longitudinal cross-sections of the collector bar used in the cell
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of the collector bar.
- the cell has parallel side walls 5 (Figure 3), parallel end walls 7 ( Figures 1 and 2), and a base 9 ( Figures 1 to 3) .
- the test cell is relatively long and narro .
- the side walls 5, end walls 7 and base 9 include an outer steel shell 11 and an inner lining 13 of suitable refractory material .
- the cell also includes a plurality of cathode blocks 15 located on the refractory lining 13 of the base 9 and arranged to extend across the cell to the side walls 5 and side-by-side along the length of the cell.
- the cell also includes a plurality of anodes (not shown) .
- Each cathode block 15 is formed with a channel 19 in the undersurface of the block 15.
- the channels 19 extend along the whole length of the blocks .
- the cell further includes collector bars 21 which electrically connect each cathode block 15 to an external ring bus (not shown) .
- Each collector bar 21 includes an elongated section 27 that is cast or glued in one of the channels 19 in a cathode block 15 and an end section 29 that extends through one of the side walls 5 and is connected to the ring bus .
- the elongated section 27 is generally cylindrical and has a central core 31 of copper and an outer sleeve 33 of steel.
- the terminal end of the elongated section 27 is closed by a steel disc 35.
- the end section 29 is generally blocked-shaped and is formed from steel.
- collector bar 21 (of preferred dimensions) is described below.
- ID Bevel the edges at 45° at a depth of 10mm on one end.
- the first test cell was operated for 876 days until it was deliberately cut out for autopsy. At the completion of the autopsy the cell was reconstructed and restarted successfully and operates as the second test cell .
- test cell had a statistically lower voltage (lOOmV on average for the majority of the operating period) than that of the standard operating cell, a similar current efficiency to the standard operating cell, and the noise was lower or similar to that of the standard operating cell .
- the collector bar 21 includes a generally cylindrical copper-cored elongated section 27 located within the cell and a generally block- shaped steel end section 29 that extends through the side walls 5 and from the cell, the present invention is not limited to this construction.
- the collector bar 21 may be of any suitable configuration.
- the collector bar may be generally flat rather than cylindrical and block shaped.
- the flat collector bar may have a relatively wide section located in the cell and a relatively narrow section extending through and outwardly from the side walls of the cell.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002401204A CA2401204C (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-26 | An electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar |
BR0108680-4A BR0108680A (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-26 | Electrolytically reducing cell the production of a metal |
EP01907259A EP1261758A4 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-26 | An electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar |
AU2001235261A AU2001235261B2 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-26 | An electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar |
AU3526101A AU3526101A (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-26 | An electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar |
NO20024026A NO20024026L (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2002-08-23 | Electrolytic reduction cell and conductor rail |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPQ5848A AUPQ584800A0 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2000-02-25 | An electrical reduction cell |
AUPQ5848 | 2000-02-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001063014A1 true WO2001063014A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
Family
ID=3819956
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2001/000199 WO2001063014A1 (en) | 2000-02-25 | 2001-02-26 | An electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030173214A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1261758A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AUPQ584800A0 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0108680A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2401204C (en) |
NO (1) | NO20024026L (en) |
RU (1) | RU2265085C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001063014A1 (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009055844A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Composite collector bar |
US7618519B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2009-11-17 | Aluminum Pechiney | Cathode element for use in an electrolytic cell intended for production of aluminum |
WO2011148347A1 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Kan-Nak S.A. | Hall-heroult cell cathode design |
WO2012044511A2 (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | Imerj, Llc | User interface with stacked application management |
CN102453927A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-05-16 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Method for greatly reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolytic cell |
US8500970B2 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2013-08-06 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum comprising means to reduce the voltage drop |
US9206518B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2015-12-08 | Alcoa Inc. | Aluminum electrolysis cell with compression device and method |
WO2016079605A1 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2016-05-26 | Kan-Nak S.A. | Cathode current collector for a hall-heroult cell |
WO2018019888A1 (en) | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | Sgl Cfl Ce Gmbh | Cathode current collector/connector for a hall-heroult cell |
RU2744131C2 (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2021-03-02 | Токай КОБЕКС ГмбХ | Cathode unit for aluminum manufacture |
WO2022139588A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-30 | Storvik As | Method for producing a cathode steel bar with copper insert, and method for removing a copper insert from a used cathode bar |
WO2022238763A1 (en) | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | Novalum S.a. | Cathode current collector bar of an aluminium production cell |
WO2024084318A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | Gulf Markets International W .L .L | Cathode collector bar of an aluminium production cell |
DE102022129668A1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector and connector assembly for an aluminum electrolytic cell |
DE102022129667A1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector arrangement for an aluminium electrolysis cell |
WO2024100132A2 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector and connector assembly for an aluminum electrolysis cell |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004008813B3 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-12-01 | Outokumpu Oyj | Process and installation for the electrochemical deposition of copper |
FR2976593B1 (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2014-09-05 | Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd | ELECTROLYSIS TANK FOR USE IN PRODUCING ALUMINUM |
GB2542150A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-03-15 | Dubai Aluminium Pjsc | Cathode assembly for electrolytic cell suitable for the Hall-Héroult process |
CN109778233B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-01-08 | 中南大学 | Aluminum electrolysis cathode steel bar, preparation method and aluminum electrolysis cell |
Citations (3)
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JPS532126B2 (en) * | 1973-06-06 | 1978-01-25 | ||
US4647358A (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1987-03-03 | Norddeutsche Affinerie Ag | Current-feeding cathode-mounting device |
US5976333A (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 1999-11-02 | Pate; Ray H. | Collector bar |
Family Cites Families (4)
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FR1125949A (en) * | 1955-04-30 | 1956-11-12 | Pechiney | Improvements in the construction of the lower part of the crucible of igneous electrolysis cells |
US3499831A (en) * | 1966-10-18 | 1970-03-10 | Reynolds Metals Co | Copper and ferrous metal current collector and electrolytic cell therewith |
US3551319A (en) * | 1968-09-06 | 1970-12-29 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Current collector |
US6231745B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-05-15 | Alcoa Inc. | Cathode collector bar |
-
2000
- 2000-02-25 AU AUPQ5848A patent/AUPQ584800A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
2001
- 2001-02-26 CA CA002401204A patent/CA2401204C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-26 BR BR0108680-4A patent/BR0108680A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-02-26 RU RU2002125496/02A patent/RU2265085C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-26 WO PCT/AU2001/000199 patent/WO2001063014A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-26 US US10/204,712 patent/US20030173214A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-26 EP EP01907259A patent/EP1261758A4/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-08-23 NO NO20024026A patent/NO20024026L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS532126B2 (en) * | 1973-06-06 | 1978-01-25 | ||
US4647358A (en) * | 1984-09-19 | 1987-03-03 | Norddeutsche Affinerie Ag | Current-feeding cathode-mounting device |
US5976333A (en) * | 1998-01-06 | 1999-11-02 | Pate; Ray H. | Collector bar |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Week 197807, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M28, AN 1978-13372A, XP002976881 * |
See also references of EP1261758A4 * |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7618519B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2009-11-17 | Aluminum Pechiney | Cathode element for use in an electrolytic cell intended for production of aluminum |
US8500970B2 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2013-08-06 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Electrolysis cell for the production of aluminum comprising means to reduce the voltage drop |
WO2009055844A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Composite collector bar |
AU2008318268B2 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2012-05-17 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Composite collector bar |
US8273224B2 (en) | 2007-10-29 | 2012-09-25 | Bhp Billiton Innovation Pty Ltd | Composite collector bar |
WO2011148347A1 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Kan-Nak S.A. | Hall-heroult cell cathode design |
WO2012044511A2 (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | Imerj, Llc | User interface with stacked application management |
WO2012044511A3 (en) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-05-24 | Imerj, Llc | User interface with stacked application management |
CN102453927A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-05-16 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Method for greatly reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolytic cell |
CN102453927B (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2013-08-14 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Method for greatly reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolytic cell |
US9206518B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2015-12-08 | Alcoa Inc. | Aluminum electrolysis cell with compression device and method |
AU2015348020B2 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2018-05-17 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector for a hall-heroult cell |
EP4276226A3 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2024-01-03 | Novalum SA | Cathode current collector for a hall-heroult cell |
WO2016079605A1 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2016-05-26 | Kan-Nak S.A. | Cathode current collector for a hall-heroult cell |
EA036082B1 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2020-09-23 | Новалум Са | Cathode current collector for a hall-heroult cell |
US11136682B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2021-10-05 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector for a Hall-Heroult cell |
CN107208289A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2017-09-26 | 诺瓦拉姆股份有限公司 | Cathode current collector for HALL HEROULT units |
EP4276226A2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2023-11-15 | Novalum SA | Cathode current collector for a hall-heroult cell |
WO2018019888A1 (en) | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | Sgl Cfl Ce Gmbh | Cathode current collector/connector for a hall-heroult cell |
RU2744131C2 (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2021-03-02 | Токай КОБЕКС ГмбХ | Cathode unit for aluminum manufacture |
US11286574B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 | 2022-03-29 | Tokai Cobex Gmbh | Cathode current collector/connector for a Hall-Heroult cell |
WO2022139588A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-30 | Storvik As | Method for producing a cathode steel bar with copper insert, and method for removing a copper insert from a used cathode bar |
WO2022238763A1 (en) | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | Novalum S.a. | Cathode current collector bar of an aluminium production cell |
WO2024084318A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | Gulf Markets International W .L .L | Cathode collector bar of an aluminium production cell |
DE102022129668A1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector and connector assembly for an aluminum electrolytic cell |
DE102022129667A1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector arrangement for an aluminium electrolysis cell |
WO2024100141A2 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Tokai Cobex Gmbh | Cathode current collector and connector assembly for an aluminum electrolysis cell |
WO2024100132A2 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector and connector assembly for an aluminum electrolysis cell |
WO2024100103A1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Tokai Cobex Gmbh | Cathode current collector assembly for an aluminum electrolysis cell |
DE102022129669A1 (en) | 2022-11-09 | 2024-05-16 | Novalum Sa | Cathode current collector and connector assembly for an aluminum electrolytic cell |
WO2024100141A3 (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2024-07-11 | Tokai Cobex Gmbh | Cathode current collector and connector assembly for an aluminum electrolysis cell; corresponding kit-of-parts and aluminium electrolysis plant or cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2265085C2 (en) | 2005-11-27 |
NO20024026D0 (en) | 2002-08-23 |
NO20024026L (en) | 2002-08-29 |
EP1261758A4 (en) | 2004-06-09 |
CA2401204A1 (en) | 2001-08-30 |
EP1261758A1 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
AUPQ584800A0 (en) | 2000-03-16 |
BR0108680A (en) | 2003-03-25 |
US20030173214A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
CA2401204C (en) | 2009-08-11 |
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