WO2001061380A2 - Marine seismic surveying - Google Patents
Marine seismic surveying Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001061380A2 WO2001061380A2 PCT/IB2001/000200 IB0100200W WO0161380A2 WO 2001061380 A2 WO2001061380 A2 WO 2001061380A2 IB 0100200 W IB0100200 W IB 0100200W WO 0161380 A2 WO0161380 A2 WO 0161380A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- source
- streamer
- streamers
- seismic
- survey
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/38—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas
- G01V1/3817—Positioning of seismic devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/61—Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data
- G01V2210/612—Previously recorded data, e.g. time-lapse or 4D
Definitions
- This invention relates to marine seismic surveying, and is more particularly concerned with methods for improving the repeatability of 3D marine seismic surveys of the same subsurface area
- an array of marine seismic streamers each typically several thousand metres long and containing a large number of hydrophones and associated electronic equipment distributed along its length, is towed at about 5 knots behind a seismic survey vessel which also tows one or more seismic sources, typically air guns Acoustic signals or "shots" produced by the seismic sources are directed down through the water into the earth beneath, where they are reflected from the various strata The reflected signals are received by the hydrophones in the streamers digitised and then transmitted to the seismic survey vessel where they are recorded and at least partially processed with the ultimate aim of building up a representation of the earth strata in the area being surveyed
- a method of repeating a marine seismic survey of a sub-surface area that has been previously surveyed using a first acoustic source and at least one first seismic streamer containing a multiplicity of first acoustic sensors comprising storing position signals representative of the respective positions of the first source and at least some of the first sensors for at least some operations of the first source during the previous survey, towing a second acoustic source and at least one second seismic streamer containing a multiplicity of second acoustic sensors over the subsurface area, the second source being towed along substantially the same path as was followed by the first source during the previous survey, and steering the second streamer and operating the second source in dependence upon the stored position signals so that for at least some operations of the second source, the second source and at least some of the second sensors occupy substantially the same positions as were occupied by the first source and at least some of the first sensors during the previous survey
- the streamers are steered using laterally-steerable control devices ("birds") of the kind claimed in our United Kingdom Patent No 2 331 971
- the second source is similar to the first source in type (air gun type or marine vibrator type) and geometry (eg number and spatial arrangement of air guns or marine vibrators)
- the method preferably includes using an array of second streamers similar to the array of first streamers, and steering all of the second streamers to achieve substantially the same positions for at least some of the second sensors in each second streamer
- Figure 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic plan view of a seismic survey vessel towing a seismic streamer array in order to per orm a marine seismic survey
- Figure 2 is a schematic partly cut away view of a portion of one of the streamers of the streamer array of Figure 1 ,
- Figure 3 is a flow diagram illustrating steps involved in implementing a method in accordance with the present invention of performing a repeat marine seismic survey
- Figures 4A, 4B and 4C are diagrams useful in illustrating the steps of Figure 3
- the seismic survey vessel shown in Figure 1 is indicated generally at 10, and is preferably as described in our PCT Patent Application No PCT/GB98/01832 (WO 99/00295)
- the vessel 10 is provided with a GPS receiver 12 coupled to an integrated computer-based seismic navigation and data processing system 14, and is shown towing a seismic source 15, typically a TRISOR multiple air gun source of the kind described in our US Patent No 4,757,482, and an array 16 of four substantially identical streamers 18
- a seismic source 15 typically a TRISOR multiple air gun source of the kind described in our US Patent No 4,757,482, and an array 16 of four substantially identical streamers 18
- the streamers 18 are towed by means of their respective lead-ins 20 (le the high strength steel- or fibre- reinforced electrical or electro-optical cables which convey electrical power, control and data signals between the vessel 10 and the streamers), and their spread is controlled by two MONOWING deflectors, indicated at 22, connected to the respective forward ends 24 of the two outermost streamers
- the deflectors indicated
- Each streamer section 18a comprises a tubular outer plastics skin 28 which contains several elongate stress members 30, eg of Kevlar, and a multiplicity of substantially uniformly spaced apart hydrophones 32 separated by kerosene- saturated plastics foam spacer material 34, as best seen in Figure 2.
- each streamer 18 comprises at least two stretch sections 36, each at least 50 metres long, which serve as vibration dampers to reduce the effect on the streamer of vibrations produced by the towing system connected to the forward end of the streamer.
- Each streamer 18 has a plurality of "birds" 38, preferably of the kind described in our PCT Patent Application No PCT/GB97/03507 (WO 98/28636), distributed at 200 metre intervals therealong, for controlling the streamer's depth and steering it laterally. Additionally, each streamer 18 has emitters (or “pingers”) 40, typically of the type available from Sonardyne International Ltd of the UK, uniformly distributed therealong, the pingers being interleaved between the birds 38.
- emitters or "pingers” 40, typically of the type available from Sonardyne International Ltd of the UK, uniformly distributed therealong, the pingers being interleaved between the birds 38.
- the rearward ends 42 of the streamers 28, ie the ends remote from the vessel 10, are connected via respective stretch sections 44 similar to the stretch sections 36 to respective tailbuoys 46, the two outermost tailbuoys being provided with respective pingers 48 similar to the pingers 40 and respective GPS receivers 50.
- the array 16 is provided in the region of its forward end 24 with two further buoys or floats 52. More specifically, the further floats 52 are respectively connected to the two outermost streamers 18 at respective watertight electro- optical "tee" connectors 54 positioned between the two stretch sections 36 at the forward ends 24 of the outermost streamers so as to be towed by the streamers
- the buoys 52 can be substantially identical to the tailbuoys 46, are provided with respective pingers 56 and GPS receivers 58, and are connected to their respective connectors 54 by respective stretch sections 60
- the buoys 52 are shown in Figure 1 as offset with respect to their streamers for clarity, in practice they are substantially in line with the streamers
- the seismic source 15 is also provided with a GPS receiver, indicated at 62, and an acoustic receiver such as a hydrophone (not shown), and is steerable
- the seismic source 15 and the seismic streamer array 16 are deployed from the vessel 10 and towed at about 5 knots substantially in the configuration shown in Figure 1
- the seismic source 15 is periodically fired, eg every 10 seconds or so, and the resulting reflected seismic data signals are detected by the hydrophones 32 in the streamers 18 then digitised and transmitted to the system 14 in the vessel 10 via the lead-ins 20
- the source 15 and the streamers 18 are shown in Figure 1 as extending in perfectly straight lines behind the vessel 10, in practice they are frequently subject to lateral displacement due for example to wind and wave action and currents So in order to build up a positionally accurate representation of the earth strata in subsurface area being surveyed, it is essential to determine accurately the respective absolute positions (ie in latitude and longitude) of the source 15 and the hydrophones 32 for each shot produced by the source This is done for the source 15 using the GPS receiver 62
- the respective positions of the hydrophones 32 are determined with respect to one or more of the GPS receivers 50, 58 and 62 by t ⁇ angulation, using an acoustic ranging and positioning system based on the pingers 40, 48 and 56 operating in conjunction with selected ones of the hydrophones 32, as described in our US Patents Nos 4,992, 990 and 5,668,775
- a completed seismic survey results not only in a vast amount of seismic data, but also a vast amount of positional data defining the respective positions of source 15 and the
- the vessel 10 When it is desired to use the vessel 10 to perform a repeat survey of a subsurface area previously surveyed (which previous survey may have been carried out by a different contractor using a vessel towing an array of streamers which were not laterally steerable), sufficient positional data from the previous survey is loaded into the system 14 to define the respective tracks followed by the vessel, source and streamers used in the previous survey Additionally, the source 15 and the array 16 of streamers 18 are deployed in a configuration (relative position of source and streamers as well as the number, length, spread and spacing of the streamers) similar to that used in the previous survey
- the system 14 From the previous survey positional data stored in the system 14, the system continuously generates data defining the respective shape adopted by each streamer at each shot point in the previous survey this step is indicated at 64 in Figure 3, with the shape/track of a single streamer being indicated at 66 in Figure 4A
- the system 14 is used to cause the vessel 10 to follow as closely as possible the track followed by the vessel used in the previous survey, and the source 15 is also steered to follow as closely as possible the track followed by the source of the previous survey
- the system 14 is used to calculate where pre-selected points (or "nodes") along each streamer should be at a given future firing of the source 15 This process is indicated at 68 and 70 in Figure 3, while calculated nodes 72 are shown for one streamer 18 in Figure 4B
- the system 14 produces inputs based on the difference between the present and desired future positions of the nodes 72 for a steering controller 74, which in turn produces at 76 control signals for the birds 38, to cause them to laterally steer the streamer 18 so that the nodes 72 are
- the steering produced by the birds 38 can be assisted if desired by applying small steering corrections to the MONOWING deflectors 22
- calculation of the nodes 72 can be performed off-line, before the repeat survey is started
- the jnvention has been described in the context of a 3D survey using an array of streamers, it is equally applicable to a 2D survey using a single streamer
- the source used for the repeat survey need not be identical to that used in the previous survey while the streamer array used for the repeat survey could be larger or smaller than that used for the previous survey as long as part of it was similar to part of the array used for the previous survey
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001230452A AU2001230452B8 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-02-13 | Marine seismic surveying |
BRPI0108583A BRPI0108583B1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-02-13 | method for repeating marine seismic survey in a previously surveyed underground area. |
CA002400246A CA2400246A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-02-13 | Marine seismic surveying |
AU3045201A AU3045201A (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-02-13 | Marine seismic surveying |
NO20023744A NO335517B1 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2002-08-07 | Procedure for repeating a marine seismic survey |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0003593.1 | 2000-02-17 | ||
GB0003593A GB0003593D0 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2000-02-17 | Marine seismic surveying |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001061380A2 true WO2001061380A2 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
WO2001061380A3 WO2001061380A3 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
Family
ID=9885739
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2001/000200 WO2001061380A2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-02-13 | Marine seismic surveying |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (2) | AU2001230452B8 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0108583B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2400246A1 (en) |
GB (2) | GB0003593D0 (en) |
NO (1) | NO335517B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001061380A2 (en) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004092771A2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | Westerngeco Seismic Holdings Limited | Active steering for marine seismic sources |
US7415936B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2008-08-26 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Active steering for marine sources |
US7463549B2 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2008-12-09 | Statoil Asa | Apparatus and method for carrying out seismic surveys |
US7577060B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2009-08-18 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Systems and methods for steering seismic arrays |
US7660191B2 (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2010-02-09 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Methods and apparatus for acquisition of marine seismic data |
US8228756B2 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2012-07-24 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Apparatus and methods for controlling position of marine seismic sources |
WO2012061735A3 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2013-01-17 | Conocophillips Company | Active steering curved and flared seismic streamers |
US8757270B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2014-06-24 | Statoil Petroleum As | Subsea hydrocarbon production system |
US8797549B2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2014-08-05 | Statoil Petroleum As | Interferometric methods and apparatus for seismic exploration |
US8818730B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2014-08-26 | Conocophillips Company | Unique composite relatively adjusted pulse |
US8824239B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2014-09-02 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Marine seismic survey method and system |
US8891331B2 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2014-11-18 | Cggveritas Services Sa | Steerable source array and method |
US8891332B2 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2014-11-18 | Cggveritas Services Sa | Steerable source systems and method |
US9081111B2 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2015-07-14 | Statoil Petroleum As | Method of providing seismic data |
US9164188B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2015-10-20 | Statoil Petroleum As | Forming a geological model |
US9395459B2 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2016-07-19 | Westerngeco, L.L.C. | Control devices for controlling the position of a marine seismic streamer |
US9851464B2 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2017-12-26 | Pgs Geophysical As | Methods for gathering marine geophysical data |
US10054705B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-08-21 | Pgs Geophysical As | Automated lateral control of seismic streamers |
US10185047B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2019-01-22 | Cgg Services Sas | Controller and method for steering sources |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7466632B1 (en) | 2004-05-04 | 2008-12-16 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Method and apparatus for positioning a center of a seismic source |
US7518951B2 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2009-04-14 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Systems and methods for seismic streamer positioning |
GB2429278B (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2010-08-11 | Statoil Asa | Seismic exploration |
US8391102B2 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2013-03-05 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Automatic systems and methods for positioning marine seismic equipment |
US20070247971A1 (en) * | 2006-04-20 | 2007-10-25 | Ole-Fredrik Semb | Four dimensional seismic survey system and method |
GB2443843B (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2011-05-25 | Statoil Asa | Seafloor-following streamer |
GB0724847D0 (en) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-01-30 | Statoilhydro | Method of and apparatus for exploring a region below a surface of the earth |
US8976622B2 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2015-03-10 | Pgs Geophysical As | Methods for controlling towed marine sensor array geometry |
NO333880B1 (en) | 2009-10-20 | 2013-10-07 | Geograf As | Method for determining correction during steering toward a target position of a point on a dragged object |
US11474269B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2022-10-18 | Pgs Geophysical As | Marine geophysical surveying using a single streamer layout to replicate multiple baseline surveys |
GB2587867B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2023-04-26 | Pgs Geophysical As | Marine geophysical surveying using a single streamer layout to replicate multiple baseline surveys |
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US4087780A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1978-05-02 | Texaco Inc. | Offshore marine seismic source tow systems and methods of forming |
EP0447783A2 (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1991-09-25 | The Laitram Corporation | Hydroacoustic ranging system |
WO1998028636A1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-02 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Control devices for controlling the position of a marine seismic streamer |
US5924049A (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1999-07-13 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Methods for acquiring and processing seismic data |
WO1999060421A1 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Schlumberger Holdings Limited | Marine seismic acquisition system and method |
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EP0018053B1 (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1983-12-07 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Means for marine seismic exploration and method of operating such means |
US4404664A (en) * | 1980-12-31 | 1983-09-13 | Mobil Oil Corporation | System for laterally positioning a towed marine cable and method of using same |
NO148309C (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1983-09-14 | Norway Geophysical Co | PROCEDURE FOR COLLECTING AND SYSTEMATIZING DATA BY SEISMIC SURVEYS TO SEE |
US5790472A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-08-04 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Adaptive control of marine seismic streamers |
GB9821277D0 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 1998-11-25 | Geco As | Seismic data acquisition equipment control system |
-
2000
- 2000-02-17 GB GB0003593A patent/GB0003593D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-02-12 GB GB0103398A patent/GB2364388B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-13 AU AU2001230452A patent/AU2001230452B8/en not_active Expired
- 2001-02-13 WO PCT/IB2001/000200 patent/WO2001061380A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-02-13 BR BRPI0108583A patent/BRPI0108583B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-13 CA CA002400246A patent/CA2400246A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-13 AU AU3045201A patent/AU3045201A/en active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-08-07 NO NO20023744A patent/NO335517B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4087780A (en) * | 1976-06-28 | 1978-05-02 | Texaco Inc. | Offshore marine seismic source tow systems and methods of forming |
EP0447783A2 (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1991-09-25 | The Laitram Corporation | Hydroacoustic ranging system |
US5924049A (en) * | 1995-04-18 | 1999-07-13 | Western Atlas International, Inc. | Methods for acquiring and processing seismic data |
WO1998028636A1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-02 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Control devices for controlling the position of a marine seismic streamer |
WO1999060421A1 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-25 | Schlumberger Holdings Limited | Marine seismic acquisition system and method |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9395458B2 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2016-07-19 | Westerngeco, L.L.C. | Control devices for controlling the position of a marine seismic streamer |
US9395459B2 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2016-07-19 | Westerngeco, L.L.C. | Control devices for controlling the position of a marine seismic streamer |
WO2004092771A2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | Westerngeco Seismic Holdings Limited | Active steering for marine seismic sources |
WO2004092771A3 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2005-03-31 | Westerngeco Seismic Holdings | Active steering for marine seismic sources |
US10234587B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2019-03-19 | Westerngeco Llc | Active steering for marine seismic sources |
US9696446B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2017-07-04 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Active steering for marine seismic sources |
US7957220B2 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2011-06-07 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Active steering for marine seismic sources |
US8824239B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2014-09-02 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Marine seismic survey method and system |
US7463549B2 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2008-12-09 | Statoil Asa | Apparatus and method for carrying out seismic surveys |
US7415936B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2008-08-26 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Active steering for marine sources |
US8228756B2 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2012-07-24 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Apparatus and methods for controlling position of marine seismic sources |
US7577060B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2009-08-18 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Systems and methods for steering seismic arrays |
US7660191B2 (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2010-02-09 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Methods and apparatus for acquisition of marine seismic data |
US9164188B2 (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2015-10-20 | Statoil Petroleum As | Forming a geological model |
US8797549B2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2014-08-05 | Statoil Petroleum As | Interferometric methods and apparatus for seismic exploration |
US9081111B2 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2015-07-14 | Statoil Petroleum As | Method of providing seismic data |
US9121231B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2015-09-01 | Statoil Petroleum As | Subsea hydrocarbon production system |
US9376893B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2016-06-28 | Statoil Petroleum As | Subsea hydrocarbon production system |
US8757270B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2014-06-24 | Statoil Petroleum As | Subsea hydrocarbon production system |
US9851464B2 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2017-12-26 | Pgs Geophysical As | Methods for gathering marine geophysical data |
US8818730B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2014-08-26 | Conocophillips Company | Unique composite relatively adjusted pulse |
WO2012061735A3 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2013-01-17 | Conocophillips Company | Active steering curved and flared seismic streamers |
US8891332B2 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2014-11-18 | Cggveritas Services Sa | Steerable source systems and method |
US8891331B2 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2014-11-18 | Cggveritas Services Sa | Steerable source array and method |
US10185047B2 (en) | 2011-12-15 | 2019-01-22 | Cgg Services Sas | Controller and method for steering sources |
US10054705B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-08-21 | Pgs Geophysical As | Automated lateral control of seismic streamers |
US11119236B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2021-09-14 | Pgs Geophysical As | Automated lateral control of seismic streamers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0108583B1 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
NO335517B1 (en) | 2014-12-22 |
BR0108583A (en) | 2006-02-07 |
GB0103398D0 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
GB0003593D0 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
CA2400246A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
AU2001230452B8 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
NO20023744L (en) | 2002-10-17 |
NO20023744D0 (en) | 2002-08-07 |
GB2364388A (en) | 2002-01-23 |
AU2001230452B2 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
WO2001061380A3 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
GB2364388B (en) | 2002-08-28 |
AU3045201A (en) | 2001-08-27 |
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