WO2001059395A9 - Article pare-balles multicouche - Google Patents
Article pare-balles multicoucheInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001059395A9 WO2001059395A9 PCT/US2001/001945 US0101945W WO0159395A9 WO 2001059395 A9 WO2001059395 A9 WO 2001059395A9 US 0101945 W US0101945 W US 0101945W WO 0159395 A9 WO0159395 A9 WO 0159395A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fibrous
- fibers
- article
- ply
- plies
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003373 Kevlar® 129 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000531908 Aramides Species 0.000 description 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000989 Gold Flex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000561 Twaron Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BJKQHJQKPPKSJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Mo].[Cr].[Fe] Chemical compound [Co].[Mo].[Cr].[Fe] BJKQHJQKPPKSJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynemethyl(alumanylidynemethylalumanylidenemethylidene)alumane Chemical compound [Al]#C[Al]=C=[Al]C#[Al] CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002110 ceramic alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003440 dysprosium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Dy]O[Dy]=O NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(N)=O)=C1 QZUPTXGVPYNUIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003443 lutetium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MPARYNQUYZOBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolutetiooxy)lutetium Chemical compound O=[Lu]O[Lu]=O MPARYNQUYZOBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003055 poly(ester-imide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003366 poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium oxide Chemical compound O=[Sc]O[Sc]=O HYXGAEYDKFCVMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 LNETULKMXZVUST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMINFSMURORWKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,6-dioxabicyclo[6.2.2]dodeca-1(10),8,11-triene-2,7-dione Chemical compound O=C1OCCOC(=O)C2=CC=C1C=C2 MMINFSMURORWKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FITNAOAKVDEJHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-azaniumylhexylazanium;benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound NCCCCCCN.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 FITNAOAKVDEJHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFFRSDWQMJYQNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-azaniumylhexylazanium;hexanedioate Chemical compound [NH3+]CCCCCC[NH3+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O UFFRSDWQMJYQNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beryllium oxide Chemical compound O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- POUXCZFBIBTXOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CC(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C=C Chemical class C=CC(=O)C(=O)C(=O)C=C POUXCZFBIBTXOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000915 Free machining steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003368 Kevlar® 29 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003369 Kevlar® 49 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019639 Nb2 O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019714 Nb2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001007 Nylon 4 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002614 Polyether block amide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001966 Qiana Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010040954 Skin wrinkling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001494 Technora Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910009973 Ti2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009815 Ti3O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000508 Vectran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004979 Vectran Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPEMFLOMQVFMCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[O--].[Pm+3].[Pm+3] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Pm+3].[Pm+3] UPEMFLOMQVFMCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQVOJETYKFAIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium carbide Chemical compound [Be][C][Be] UQVOJETYKFAIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-KGJVWPDLSA-N beta-L-fucose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-KGJVWPDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000421 cerium(III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCNJCXWPYFLAGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium manganese Chemical compound [Cr].[Mn].[Mn].[Mn] XCNJCXWPYFLAGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni].[Mo] OGSYQYXYGXIQFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZXGIFJXRQHZCGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Er+3].[Er+3] ZXGIFJXRQHZCGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001940 europium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Eu+3].[Eu+3] AEBZCFFCDTZXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OWCYYNSBGXMRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ho+3].[Ho+3] OWCYYNSBGXMRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001337 iron nitride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052451 lead zirconate titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Mn] PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFLAMWCKUFHSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb]=O HFLAMWCKUFHSAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFRGSJVXBIWTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium monoxide Inorganic materials [Nb]=O BFRGSJVXBIWTCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJXWKBZRTWEWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCCCCCCC(N)=O FJXWKBZRTWEWBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005026 oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFQXGXDIJMBKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxostrontium Chemical compound [Sr]=O UFQXGXDIJMBKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);ytterbium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Yb+3].[Yb+3] UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- FLDALJIYKQCYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[Pu+4] FLDALJIYKQCYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006111 poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006123 polyhexamethylene isophthalamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001954 samarium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075630 samarium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004950 technora Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003451 terbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tb+3].[Tb+3] SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(N)=O)C=C1 MHSKRLJMQQNJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIKATJAYWZUJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tm+3].[Tm+3] ZIKATJAYWZUJPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(III) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]O[Ti]=O GQUJEMVIKWQAEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000439 uranium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
- F41H5/0435—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
- F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
- F41H5/0464—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
- B32B2305/18—Fabrics, textiles
- B32B2305/188—Woven fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
- B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
- B32B2315/02—Ceramics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2377/00—Polyamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
Definitions
- This invention relates to ballistic resistant articles and constructions. More particularly, this invention relates to a ballistic resistant article having improved ballistic protection formed from a fibrous armor composite layer and a hard armor layer.
- the present invention relates to ballistic resistant articles formed from at least one layer of fibrous armor composite and at least one layer of hard armor.
- Each fibrous armor composite layer of the ballistic resistant article has two or more fibrous plies.
- Each ply has a plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers generally in a fibrous network.
- a surface of one fibrous ply is in contact with and at least partially bound to the surface of one adjacent fibrous ply so that, when adjacent plies are aligned to form the composite, at least one network of unidirectional oriented fibers within each of the adjacent fibrous plies is at an acute angle to each other.
- a surface of the composite is connected to a surface of the layer of hard armor to form a generally monolithic impact resistant article.
- the present invention provides a ballistic resistant article which provides enhanced ballistic protection as compared to conventional plies or composites of plies attached to hard armor members. Because of the enhanced capability of the fibrous armor composite of the present invention, the composite can be used, for example, to construct ballistic resistant articles that are lighter while still providing comparable, and in some cases superior, ballistic protection than conventional composites formed from the same conventional plies or fibers. Further, the fibrous armor composite can be used to construct ballistic resistant articles which are substantially thinner but which also exhibit comparable, and in some cases, superior ballistic protection to articles formed from conventional composites using the same fibrous plies.
- Fig. 1 A is a perspective partial cross-sectional view of a ballistic resistant article embodiment of the present invention having a fibrous armor composite bonded to, and overlying, a hard armor layer.
- Fig. IB is a cross-sectional view of the ballistic resistant article shown in Fig.
- Fig. 2 is a perspective partial cross-sectional view of a ballistic resistant article embodiment of the present invention having a fibrous armor composite bonded to, and underlying, a hard armor layer.
- Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a ballistic resistant article embodiment of the present invention having a fibrous armor composite bonded to two hard armor layers.
- Fig. 4 is a partial side view of an exemplified fibrous armor composite including multiple layers of connected plies.
- Fig. 5 is an exploded view of two exemplified plies of the fibrous armor composite arranged so that the unidirectional fibers within one ply are at an angle ⁇ less than 45 ° to the unidirectional fibers within the adjacent ply.
- Fig. 6 is a top view of the two plies in the embodiment of Fig. 5.
- Fig. 7 is an exploded view of two exemplified plies of the fibrous armor composite, each ply having a pair of fibrous networks oriented at about 90° to each other, the plies arranged so that the unidirectional fibers within one ply are at an angle ⁇ less than 45 ° to the unidirectional fibers within the adjacent ply.
- Fig. 8 is a top view of the two plies in the embodiment of Fig. 7.
- the invention is directed to a ballistic resistant article 10 having at least one layer of hard armor 40 and at least one layer of fibrous armor composite 20.
- the ballistic resistant article 10 is formed from at least two layers or plies 12 of a fibrous anti-ballistic material 30 bonded together to form a layer of the fibrous armor composite 20 which is, in turn, bonded to at least one layer of hard armor 40.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 is formed from the bonding of at least two layers or plies 12 of the fibrous anti-ballistic material 20 arranged such that at least one of the uni-directional fibers or filaments 16 within a ply 12 of the fibrous anti-ballistic material 20 is angularly offset with respect to at least one of the uni-directional fibers or filaments 16 in the fibrous anti-ballistic material 20 of an adjoining ply 12.
- the angular offset between the fibers 16 of adjacent plies 12 is an acute angle, preferably, the acute angle is 45° or less.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 alters a penetrating projectile's trajectory and reduces the projectile's energy.
- the angularly offset fibers 16 of successive adjoining plies 12 continues to rotate the projectile 5 and dissipate its energy.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 of the present invention can enhance the capability of hard armor when the fibrous armor composite 20 is used in combination with known hard armor materials, i.e., either underlying or overlying the hard armor to form the ballistic resistant article 10.
- One advantage of the angularly offset fibers 16 of the multi-layered fibrous armor composite 20 is that the energy transferred from the penetrating projectile 5 is dissipated over a large area of the fibrous armor composite 20.
- energy from the projectile 5 is transferred onto the uni-directional fibers 16 within each ply 12 of the fibrous armor composite 20. That is, the uni-directional fibers 16 of each ply 12 act to radiate the transferred energy along the length of the fibers 16 away from the point of impact.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 may be bonded to one or more layers of hard armor 40 to form the ballistic resistant article 10.
- the hard armor 40 may act as a strike face 46, an armor base 47, or as both a strike face 46 and an armor base 47. It is preferred that the material chosen for the layer of hard armor 40 be light in weight and provide excellent ballistic penetration resistance or energy absorption.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 may be bonded to the layer of hard armor 40 by conventional means known to one skilled in the art. These bonding means may include, for example, mechanical fasteners, such as stitching, screws, bolts, rivets, and the like, chemical adhesives, and thermal bonding, autoclaving, welding, and the like, or combinations thereof.
- the material employed to form the hard armor 40 may vary widely and may be metallic, semi-metallic material, an organic material and or an inorganic material. Illustrative of such materials are those described in G. S. Brady and H. R. Clauser, Materials Handbook, 12th edition (1986).
- Materials useful for fabrication of the layer of hard armor 40 include high modulus polymeric materials such as poly amides as for example aramids, nylon-66, nylon-6 and the like; polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate polybutylene terephthalate, and the like, acetal; polysulfones; polyethersulfones; polyacrylates; acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene copolymers; pory(amideimide); polycarbonates; polyphenylenesulfides; polyurethanes, polyphenyleneoxides; polyester carbonates; polyesterimides; polyimides; polyetheretherketone; epoxy resins; phenolic resins; polysulfides; silicones; polyacrylates; polyacrylics; polydienes; vinyl ester resins; modified phenolic resins; unsaturated polyester; allylic resins; alkyd resins; melamine and urea resins; polymer alloys and blends of thermoplastics and/or thermosets of the
- Useful materials for the hard armor 40 also include metals such as nickel, manganese, tungsten, magnesium, titanium, aluminum and steel plate.
- metals such as nickel, manganese, tungsten, magnesium, titanium, aluminum and steel plate.
- useful steels are carbon steels which include mild steels of grades AISI 1005 to AISI 1030, medium-carbon steels of grades AISI 1030 to AISI 1055, high-carbon steels of the grades AISI 1060 to AISI 1095, free-machining steels, low-temperature carbon steels, rail steel, and superplastic steels; high-speed steels such as tungsten steels, molybdenum steels, chromium steels, vanadium steels, and cobalt steels; hot-die steels; low-alloy steels; low-expansion alloys; mold-steel; nitriding steels for example those composed of low-and medium-carbon steels in combination with chromium and aluminum, or nickel, chromium
- Useful materials also include alloys such as manganese alloys, such as manganese aluminum alloy, manganese bronze alloy; nickel alloys such as, nickel bronze, nickel cast iron alloy, nickel-chromium alloys, nickel-chromium steel alloys, nickel copper alloys, nickel-molydenum iron alloys, nickel-molybdenum steel alloys, nickel-silver alloys, nickel-steel alloys; iron-chromium-molybdenum-cobalt steel alloys; magnesium alloys; aluminum alloys such as those of aluminum alloy 1000 series of commercially pure aluminum, aluminum-manganese alloys of aluminum alloy 300 series, aluminum-magnesium-manganese alloys, aluminum-magnesium alloys, aluminum-copper alloys, aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloys of 6000 ' series, aluminum-copper-chromium of 7000 series, aluminum casting alloys; aluminum brass alloys and aluminum bronze alloys.
- nickel alloys such as, nickel bronze, nickel cast iron alloy, nickel-chromium alloys
- an anti-ballistic material is titanium. This material is categorized as having a high material hardness which again can be applied against very high energy projectiles 5 such as rifle bullets. Titanium has a material density in the range of 4.5 g/cm3 and an elastic modulus of 116 Gpa. Titanium is twice as heavy as aluminum but is substantially stronger than steel and is well suited to absorb multiple impacts by rifle or other high energy sources.
- Useful material for the layer of hard armor 40 may also include ceramic materials.
- a "ceramic material” is an inorganic material having a hardness of at least about Brinell hardness of 25 or Mohs hardness of 2.
- Useful ceramic materials may vary widely and include those materials normally used in the fabrication of ceramic armor which function to partially deform the initial impact surface of a projectile or cause the projectile to shatter. Illustrative of such metal and non-metal ceramic materials are those described in C. F.
- Liable, Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics Chapters 5-7 (1980) and include single oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), barium oxide (BaO), beryllium oxide (BeO), calcium oxide (CaO), cerium oxide (Ce 2 O 3 and CeO 2 ), chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ), erbium oxide (Er 2 O 3 ), europium oxide (EuO, Eu 2 O 3 , Eu 2 O 4 and Eu ⁇ 6 O 21 ), gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), holmium oxide (Ho 2 O 3 ), lanthanum oxide (La 2 ⁇ 3 ), lutetium oxide (Lu 2 O 3 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), neodymium oxide (Nd 2 O 3 ), niobium oxide: (NbO, Nb 2 O 3 , and NbO 2 ),
- Useful ceramic materials also include boron carbide, zirconium carbide, beryllium carbide, aluminum beride, aluminum carbide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, aluminum carbide, titanium nitride, boron nitride, titanium carbide, titanium diboride, iron carbide, iron nitride, barium titanate, aluminum nitride, titanium niobate, boron carbide, silicon boride, barium titanate, silicon nitride, calcium titanate, tantalum carbide, graphites, tungsten; the ceramic alloys which include cordierite/MAS, lead zirconate titanate/PLZT, alumina-titanium carbide, alumina-zirconia, zirconia-cordierite/ZrMAS; the fiber reinforced ceramics and ceramic alloys; glassy ceramics; as well as other useful materials.
- Preferred ceramic materials for fabrication of hard armor 40 are aluminum oxide and metal and non metal nitrides, borides and
- an example of an acceptable ceramic material is boron carbide.
- Boron carbide is a specialty ceramic with very light weight and high material hardness which can be applied against very high energy projectiles 5 such as rifle bullets.
- Boron carbide has a material density in the range of 2.52 g/cm3, an elastic modulus of 448 Gpa, and a compressive yield strength in the range of 1400 Gpa. This means that the material is approximately 7% lighter than aluminum but more than twice as hard as steel.
- boron carbide will shatter when subjected to high energy impact. It has historically suffered from a low ability to absorb multiple hits by rifle or other high energy projectiles 5 in actual use, but it is presently superior to any other anti-ballistic material in the level 3 and 4 projection categories under the National Institute of Justice Standard 0101.03.
- the size (width and height) of hard armor 40 can also vary widely depending on the use of ballistic resistant article 10. For example, in those instances where article 10 is intended for use in the fabrication of light ballistic resistant composites for use against light armaments, hard armor 40 is generally smaller; conversely where article 10 is intended for use in the fabrication of heavy ballistic resistant articles 10 for use against heavy armaments then the layer of hard armor 40 is generally larger.
- a layer of hard armor 40 is bonded to, and overlies, the multi-layered fibrous armor composite 20.
- the interior surface 48 of the hard armor 40 is affixed to the exterior surface 21 of the fibrous armor composite 20 so that the resulting ballistic resistant article construction of hard armor 40 and fibrous armor composite 20 is preferably monolithic.
- the hard armor 40 is acting as a strike face 46. When a projectile 5 contacts the hard armor 40 there is a resultant release of kinetic energy and the projectile 5 is slowed or stopped.
- the hard armor 40 serves to reduce the energy state of the projectile 5 so that the underlying fibrous armor composite 20 may effectively stop the projectile 5.
- multiple layers of the fibrous armor composite 20 and multiple layers of the overlying hard armor 40 may be utilized.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 may be bonded to the hard armor 40 so that the fibrous armor composite 20 overlies the hard armor 40.
- the interior surface 23 of the fibrous armor composite 20 is bonded to the exterior surface 49 of the underlying hard armor 40.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 acts as the strike face and serves to preferably completely absorb the energy of a striking projectile 5 so that the projectile 5 does not reach the exterior surface 49 of the hard armor 40 or adversely affect the integrity of the hard armor 40.
- the intervening plies 12 of the fibrous armor composite 20 that the projectile 5 would have been required to traverse will reduce the energy state of the projectile 5 to a degree which will cause little to no damage to the integrity of the hard armor 40.
- multiple layers of the fibrous armor composite 20 and multiple layers of the underlying hard armor 40 may be utilized.
- the ability of the fibrous armor composite 20 of the present invention to distribute the energy of a projectile 5 strike over a large area is a particular advantage when the underlying hard armor 40 is made of a ceramic material such as boron carbide.
- ceramics, and particular boron carbide have historically suffered from a low ability to absorb multiple hits by rifle or other high energy projectiles 5 in actual use due to their inherent low capacity to distribute the energy from a point impact which causes the ceramic to fracture or fail after as little as one projectile strike of sufficient energy.
- the ballistic resistant article 10 can withstand the impact of multiple projectile impacts, any one of which would cause a failure of an otherwise unprotected ceramic hard armor 40, without fracture or failure of the underlying ceramic hard armor 40.
- the ballistic resistant article 10 may comprise at least one layer of a hard armor 40, to act as a strike face 46, bonded to at least one layer of fibrous armor composite 20 which is, in turn, bonded to at least one layer of a hard armor 40 which acts as an armor base 47.
- a hard armor 40 may be chosen as the strike face 46 and, for weight considerations, a ceramic hard armor 40 may be chosen as the armor base 47.
- the multilayer fibrous armor composite 20 is formed from two or more layers of the fibrous plies 12.
- Each fibrous ply 12 has at least one fibrous network 14 which has a plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers 16.
- the fibers 16 are arranged so that the plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers are substantially parallel to one another along a common fiber direction C. It is preferred that the plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers be arranged in a sheet-like array and aligned parallel to one another along the common fiber direction C.
- an exemplified fibrous armor composite 20 is shown comprised of 7 stacked layers of fibrous plies 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f, and 12g.
- the layers of plies 12a - 12g of the composite 20 are arranged so that, with adjacent plies 12 aligned, the fibers 16 within one fibrous network 14 of oriented fibers 16 of one ply 12 are arranged at an angle ⁇ less than 45° to the fibers 16 of one fibrous network 14 of oriented fibers of the adjacent ply 12.
- the value of the angle ⁇ has a significant effect on the ballistic protection provided by the fibrous armor composite 20 and thus on the ballistic protection provided by the ballistic resistant article 10.
- the angle ⁇ is less than about 45 °. In the particularly preferred embodiments, the angle ⁇ is less than about 25 °. In the more particularly preferred embodiments, the angle ⁇ is less than about 10°. Amongst those particularly preferred embodiments, most preferred are those embodiments in which the angle ⁇ is less than about 4° . In the practice of this invention, the angle ⁇ of choice is between about 1 ° to about 3°.
- the "web" created by the angular offset between the respective layers of plies 12 destabilizes the projectile on impact. This acts to increase the drag action on the projectile 5 and therefore results in kinetic energy transfer from the projectile which degrades the lethality of the projectile.
- the ply layers of the composite 20 of the present invention alter the penetrating projectile's trajectory and reduce the projectile's energy.
- the angularly offset fibers 16 of successive adjoining ply layers continue to rotate the projectile 5 and dissipate its energy.
- the example of the fibrous armor composite 20, suitable for use in construction of the ballistic resistant article 10 includes seven stacked layers of fibrous plies 12a - 12g.
- the second layer, 12b is rotated at an angle y l relative to the first layer, 12a.
- the third layer, 12c is rotated at an angle ⁇ 2 relative to the second layer, 12b.
- the fourth layer, 12d is rotated at an angle ⁇ 3 relative to the third layer, 12c.
- the fifth layer, 12e is rotated at an angle ⁇ 4 relative to the fourth layer, 12d.
- the sixth layer, 12f is rotated at an angle ⁇ 5 relative to the fifth layer, 12e.
- the seventh layer, 12g is rotated at an angle ⁇ 6 relative to the sixth layer, 12f.
- multiple layers of the fibrous plies 12 can be applied in like fashion until the desired degree of impact resistance is achieved.
- fibrous armor composite 20 has the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth layers rotated + 10 ° ; -5 ° ; +5 ° ; 0 ° and - 10 ° with respect to the first layer, but not necessarily in that order.
- Another example would have the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth layers rotated +2°; 0°; -2°; 0° and +2° with respect to the first layer, but not necessarily in that order.
- the second, third, fourth , fifth and sixth layers would be rotated +3°; +6°; +9°; +12 and +15° with respect to the first layer, but not necessarily in that order.
- a second layer of fibrous ply 12 may be rotated clockwise relative to the first layer of fibrous ply 12 an angular offset, a third layer of fibrous ply 12 rotated counter-clockwise to the second layer of fibrous ply 12 by an angular offset, and so forth, until the desired number of layers of the fibrous plies 12 are applied.
- the number of layers of the fibrous plies 12 included in the fibrous armor composite 20 may vary widely depending on the uses of the article 10, for example, in those uses where the article 10 would be used as ballistic protection, the number of layers of the fibrous plies 12 would depend on a number of factors including the degree of ballistic protection desired and other factors known to those of skill in the ballistic protection art. In general for this application, the greater the degree of protection desired the greater the number of layers of the fibrous plies 12 included in the composite 20. Conversely, the lessor the degree of ballistic protection required, the lessor the number of layers of fibrous plies 12 included in the composite 20. In the fibrous armor composite 20 of the invention, the number of layers of fibrous plies 12 preferably is between 2 and about 120, more preferably between 2 and about 60; and most preferably between 2 and about 40.
- each fibrous ply 12 is in contact with and at least partially bound to the surface of one adjacent fibrous ply 12.
- the fibrous plies 12 may be secured together in any conventional manner including, but not limited to bolts, rivets, adhesive, staples, stitches, thermal bonding, welding, autoclaving and the like, or combinations thereof. Once the fibrous plies 12 are secured together the fibrous networks 14 within the respective fibrous plies 12 are maintained in desired orientation to each other. For example, a fibrous ply 12 may be bonded to an adjacent fibrous ply 12 through the use of an appropriate adhesive.
- the layers of the fibrous plies 12 may be arranged as desired and the composite stitched together to maintain the respective fibrous plies 12 in proper orientation.
- the plies 12 of the composite 20 may be further secured by stitching.
- stitching the type of stitching employed may vary widely. Stitching and sewing methods such as lock stitching, chain stitching, zig-zag stitching and the like are illustrative of the type of stitching for use in this invention.
- Useful threads for stitching may vary widely. However, exemplified threads would include those fibers 16 that are described in more detail herein for use in the fabrication of fibrous plies 12.
- the thread used in stitching is preferably an aramid fiber or thread (as for example Kevlar® 29, 49, 129 and 149 aramid fibers), an extended chain polyethylene thread or fiber (as for example Spectra® 900 and Spectra® 1000 polyethylene fibers) or a mixture thereof.
- all that is required within the ply 12 is one plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers 16. If the ply 12 has multiple layers of fibrous networks 14, it can still be used effectively in the practice of the invention since it is still possible to angularly offset, by the angle ⁇ less than 45 °, the fibers 16 of at least one plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers within one ply 12 relative to the fibers 16 of a plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers within the adjoining ply 12.
- each fibrous ply 12a, 12b has a plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers 16a, 16b that form a single fibrous network 14a, 14b .
- the fibers 16a, 16b of the pluralities of unidirectional oriented fibers of the joined plies 12 are angularly offset to each other by an angle ⁇ which is less than 45°.
- ⁇ which is less than 45°.
- each fibrous ply 12a, 12b has a pair of fibrous networks 14a, 14b, 14a', 14b', the adjacent fibrous networks 14a, 14b, 14a', 14b' arranged at about a 90° angle with respect to the common axis Cl, Cl ', C2, C2' of the fibers 16a, 16b, 16a', 16b' contained in the pair of networks 14a, 14b, 14a', 14b'.
- each plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers of one ply 12 is angularly offset by an angle ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 less than 45° to a plurality of unidirectional oriented fibers in the adjoining ply 12.
- exemplary plies 12 suitable for use with the fibrous armor composite 20 of this invention include Kevlar® 129, an aramid fiber ply manufactured by E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Twaron®, Spectra Shield®, Spectra Shield Plus®, and Gold Flex®.
- Spectra Shield®, Spectra Shield Plus®, and Gold Flex® are a polymetric ply, having high molecular weight polyethylene fibers in a flexible resin matrix, manufactured by Honeywell.
- the fibers 16 within each ply 12 are typically oriented 0°, 45° or 90° to each other (the fibers 16 being either woven or cross-plied to form the desired layout of fibers by methods known to those skilled in the art). Most commonly, the fibers 16 are oriented at 90° to each other.
- the fibrous armor composites 20 of this invention can be used in the fabrication of penetration resistance articles and the like using conventional methods.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 is particularly useful in construction of ballistic resistant articles such as "bulletproof lining for example because of its enhanced ballistic resistance.
- fiber 16 is defined as an elongated body, the length dimension of which is much greater than the dimensions of width and thickness. Accordingly, the term fiber 16 as used herein includes a monofilament elongated body, a multifilament elongated body, ribbon, strip, and the like having regular or irregular cross sections.
- the term fibers 16 includes a plurality of any one or combination of the above.
- the cross-sections of fibers 16 for use in this invention may vary widely. They may be of circular, oblong, or irregular or regular multi-lobal cross-section having one or more regular or irregular lobes projecting from the linear or longitudinal axis of the fiber 16. In the particularly preferred embodiments of the invention, the fibers 16 are of substantially circular or oblong cross-section and in the most preferred embodiments have circular or substantially circular cross-section.
- the fibers 16 may be arranged in fibrous networks 14.
- the fibers 16 are arranged so that there are a plurality of fibers 16 that are aligned substantially parallel and unidirectionally along a common fiber direction C (the plurality of unidirectionally oriented fibers 16).
- the fibers 16 may be formed as a felt, knitted or woven (plain, basket, satin and crow feet weaves, etc.) into a network 14, fabricated into non-woven fabric, arranged in parallel array, layered, or formed into a ply or composite by any of a variety of conventional techniques.
- the fibrous network 14 may be formed from fibers 16 alone, or from fibers 16 coated with a suitable polymer, as for example, a polyolef ⁇ n, polyamide, polyester, polydiene such as a polybutadiene, urethanes, diene/olefin copolymers such as poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) block copolymers, and a wide variety of elastomers.
- the network 14 of a fibers 16 may also comprise oriented fibers 16 dispersed in a polymeric matrix material, as for example a matrix material of one or more of the above referenced polymers to form a ply as described in more detail in U.S. Pat. Nos.
- the type of fibers 16 which are useful in the plies 12 of this invention may vary widely and can be metallic fibers, semi-metallic fibers, inorganic fibers and/or organic fibers.
- Exemplary fibers 16 include those having a tenacity equal to or greater than about 8 grams per denier (g/d), a tensile modulus equal to or greater than about 150 g/d and an energy-to-break equal to or greater than about 7 joules/gram (j/g).
- Tensile properties can be evaluated as known in the art, for example, by pulling a 10 inch (25.4 cm) filer length clamped in barrel clamps at a rate of 10 in./minute of an Instron Tensile Testing Machine.
- Preferred fibers 16 are those having a tenacity at least about 10 g/d, more preferably at least about 15 g/d, and most preferably at least about 25 g/d; a tensile modulus at least about 300 g/d, more preferably at least above 400 g/d, and most preferably at least about 500 g/d; and an energy-to-break at least about 15 j/g, more preferably at least above 20 j/g, and most preferably at least above 30 j/g.
- Useful inorganic fibers 16 include S-glass fibers, E-glass fibers, silicon carbide fibers, asbestos fibers, basalt fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, alumina fibers, zirconia-silica fibers, alumina-silica fibers, quartz fibers, ceramic fibers, and the like.
- Exemplary of useful metallic or semi-metallic fibers 16 are those composed of boron, aluminum, steel and titanium.
- useful organic fibers 16 are those composed of thermosetting resins, thermoplastics polymers and mixture thereof such as polyesters, polyolefins, polyetheramides, fluoropolymers, polyethers, celluloses, phenolics, polyesteramides, polyurethanes, epoxies, aminoplastics, polysulfones, polyetherketones, polyetheretherketones, polyesterimides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyether acryl ketones, poly(amideimides), and polyimides.
- thermosetting resins such as polyesters, polyolefins, polyetheramides, fluoropolymers, polyethers, celluloses, phenolics, polyesteramides, polyurethanes, epoxies, aminoplastics, polysulfones, polyetherketones, polyetheretherketones, polyesterimides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyether acryl ketones, poly(amideimides), and polyimides.
- aramids aromatic polyamides
- useful organic fibers 16 are those of liquid crystalline polymers. Exemplified liquid crystalline polymers are disclosed for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,975,487; 4,118,372, 4,161,470, and 5,667,029, hereby incorporated by reference.
- Rj and R 2 are the same or different and are hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkylcarbonyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, heterocycle or alkyl or aryl either unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, cyano, hydroxy, alkyl and aryl.
- the fiber network 14 may include a high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, a high molecular weight polypropylene fiber, an aramide fiber, a high molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol fiber, a high molecular weight polyacrylonitrile fiber or mixtures thereof.
- a high molecular weight polyethylene fiber a high molecular weight polypropylene fiber
- an aramide fiber a high molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol fiber
- suitable fibers 16 are those of molecular weight of at least 150,000, preferably at least 300,000, more preferably at least one million and more preferably still, between two million and five million.
- Such extended chain polyethylene (ECPE) fibers may be grown in solution as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,394 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,138, or may be a fiber spun from a solution to form a gel structure, as described in German Off. 3,004,699 and GB 2051667, and especially described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,413,110 and 4,551,296, also hereby incorporated by reference.
- Other high strength polyethlyene fibers and techniques known for forming such fibers, including variations of the above techniques, can also be used in accordance with the present invention. Depending upon the formation technique, a variety of properties can be imparted to the fibers 16.
- polyethylene refers to predominantly linear polyethylene materials that may contain minor amounts of chain branching or comonomers not exceeding 5 modifying units per 100 main chain carbon atoms, and that may also contain admixed therewith not more than about 50 weight percent of one or more polymeric additives such as alkene-1 -polymers, in particular, low density polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene, copolymers containing mono-olefins as primary monomers, oxidized polyolefins, graft polyolefin copolymers and polyoxymethylenes, or low molecular weight additives such as anti-oxidants, lubricants, ultra-violet screening agents, colorants and the like which are commonly incorporated by reference.
- polymeric additives such as alkene-1 -polymers, in particular, low density polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene, copolymers containing mono-olefins as primary monomers, oxidized polyolefins, graft polyo
- highly oriented polypropylene fibers of molecular weight at least 200,000, preferably at least one million and more preferably at least two million, may be used.
- Such high molecular weight polypropylene may be formed into reasonably well oriented fibers by the techniques prescribed in the various references referred to above, and especially by the technique of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,663,101 and 4,784,820 and published application WO 89 00213. Since polypropylene is a much less crystalline material than polyethylene and contains pendant methyl groups, tenacity values achievable with polypropylene are generally substantially lower than the corresponding values for polyethylene.
- a suitable tenacity is at least 8 g/d, preferably at least 11 g/d, and more preferably is at least 15 g/d.
- the tensile modulus (as measured by an Instron Tensile Testing Machine) for polypropylene is at least about 150 g/d, preferably at least about 200 g/d, more preferably at least about 200 g/d, and most preferably at least about 300 g/d.
- the energy-to-break of the polypropylene is at least about 8j/g, preferably at least about 40 j/g, and most preferably at least about 60j/g.
- Useful aramid fibers 16 are formed principally from aromatic polyamide and are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,671,542, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- Preferred aramid fibers 16 preferably have a tenacity of at least about 20 g/d; a tensile modulus preferably of at least about 400 g/d, more preferably of at least about 480 g/d, and most preferably of at least 900 g/d; and an energy-to-break of at least about 8 j/g, more preferably of at least about 20 joules/gram, and most preferably of at least about 30 j/g.
- poly(phenylene terephthalamide) fibers produced commercially by Dupont Corporation under the trade name of Kevlar® are useful.
- poly(metaphenylene isophthalamide) fibers produced commercially by Dupont under the tradename Nomex® are useful.
- High molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol fibers 16 having high tensile modulus are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,440,711, which is hereby incorporated by reference to the extent it is not inconsistent herewith.
- Preferred polyvinyl alcohol fibers 16 will have a tenacity of at least about 10 g/d , a modulus of at least about 200 g/d, and an energy-to-break of at least about 8 j/g.
- Particularly preferred polyvinyl alcohol fibers 16 will have a tenacity of at least about 15 g/d , a modulus of at least about 300 g/d, and an energy-to-break of at least about 25 j/g.
- Most preferred polyvinyl alcohol fibers 16 will have a tenacity of at least about 20 g/d , a modulus of at least about 500 g/d, and an energy-to-break of at least about 30 j/g.
- Suitable polyvinyl alcohol fiber 16 of molecular weight of at least about can be produced, for example, by the process disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,599,267.
- PAN fibers for use in the present invention have a molecular weight of at least about 400,000.
- Particularly useful PAN fibers should have a tenacity of at least about 10 g/d and an energy-to-break of at least about 8 j/g.
- PAN fibers having a molecular weight of at least about 400,000, a tenacity of at least about 15 to about 20 g/d and an energy-to-break of at least 8 j/g is useful in producing ballistic resistant plies; and such fibers are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,535,027.
- Exemplary suitable commercially available high strength fibers 16 include:
- the fibers 16, for example, may be precoated with a suitable polymer, such as a low modulus or high modulus elastomer material prior to being arranged in the network.
- a suitable polymer such as a low modulus or high modulus elastomer material
- suitable coating materials and techniques for coating fibers using the same are well known in the art, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos., 4,650,710, 4,737,401, and 5,124,195.
- any of the known matrix materials can be used in manufacturing the ply 12 of the invention, for example by coating the ply 12 with a matrix material.
- the matrix material may be flexible (low modulus) or rigid (high modulus).
- a wide variety of matrix materials and techniques are known to those skilled in the art, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,916,000 and 5,677,029.
- the proportions of matrix material to fiber 16 in the ply 12 is not critical and may vary widely depending on a number of factors including, whether the matrix material has any ballistic-resistant properties of its own (which is generally not the case) and upon the rigidity, shape, heat resistance, wear resistance, flammability resistance and other properties desired for the composite article.
- the proportion of matrix to fiber 16 in the composite may vary from relatively small amounts where the amount of matrix is about 10% by volume of the fibers to relatively large amounts where the amount of matrix is up to about 90% by volume of the fibers.
- matrix amounts of from about 15 to about 80% by volume are employed. All volume percents are based on the total volume of the ply 12.
- the fibrous armor composite 20 may contain a relatively minor proportion of the matrix (e.g., about 10 to about 30%) by volume), since the ballistic-resistant properties are almost entirely attributable to the fiber 16.
- the proportion of the matrix in the composite 20 is from about 10 to about 30% by weight of fibers 16.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2001264539A AU2001264539A1 (en) | 2000-01-18 | 2001-01-18 | Multi-layered ballistic resistant article |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US17704500P | 2000-01-18 | 2000-01-18 | |
US60/177,045 | 2000-01-18 | ||
US54986300A | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | |
US09/549,863 | 2000-04-14 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001059395A2 WO2001059395A2 (fr) | 2001-08-16 |
WO2001059395A3 WO2001059395A3 (fr) | 2002-02-07 |
WO2001059395A9 true WO2001059395A9 (fr) | 2003-01-09 |
Family
ID=26872872
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2001/001945 WO2001059395A2 (fr) | 2000-01-18 | 2001-01-18 | Article pare-balles multicouche |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2001264539A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001059395A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO316296B1 (no) * | 2002-04-05 | 2004-01-05 | Hiform As | Lettvekts ballistisk beskyttelse og metode for å fremstille sådan |
US20060030226A1 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2006-02-09 | Park Andrew D | Non-ceramic hard armor composite |
US20090169855A1 (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2009-07-02 | George Tunis | Armor Panel System |
US7642206B1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2010-01-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Ceramic faced ballistic panel construction |
BRPI0710941B1 (pt) | 2006-04-26 | 2019-07-09 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Folha de material de múltiplas camadas e artigo de resistência balística |
CA2650447C (fr) | 2006-04-26 | 2015-06-23 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Feuille de materiau multicouche et son procede de preparation |
CA2702996A1 (fr) | 2007-10-19 | 2009-12-17 | Hardwire, Llc | Systeme de panneau de blindage pour devier les projectiles entrants |
GB0723443D0 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2008-01-09 | Bauer Eran N | Improved riot shield |
CN105690495A (zh) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-06-22 | 焦伟丽 | 一种具有缓释香料功能的无醛型建筑结构竹材 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5160776A (en) * | 1987-07-13 | 1992-11-03 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Ballistic-resistant composite article |
IL107195A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1997-07-13 | Allied Signal Inc | Fabric having reduced air permeability comprising multifilament yarn |
-
2001
- 2001-01-18 AU AU2001264539A patent/AU2001264539A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-18 WO PCT/US2001/001945 patent/WO2001059395A2/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001264539A1 (en) | 2001-08-20 |
WO2001059395A2 (fr) | 2001-08-16 |
WO2001059395A3 (fr) | 2002-02-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20010053645A1 (en) | Multi-layered ballistic resistant article | |
US5480706A (en) | Fire resistant ballistic resistant composite armor | |
US7642206B1 (en) | Ceramic faced ballistic panel construction | |
EP0558636B1 (fr) | Structures presentant une resistance amelioree a la penetration | |
EP1501673B1 (fr) | Tissus balistiques lamines | |
EP0572965B1 (fr) | Blindage composite anti-balistique | |
US5677029A (en) | Ballistic resistant fabric articles | |
US5198280A (en) | Three dimensional fiber structures having improved penetration resistance | |
EP2121301B1 (fr) | Articles pare-balles composites a couches croisees | |
US9683815B2 (en) | Helmets for protection against rifle bullets | |
US20040216595A1 (en) | Formed metal armor assembly | |
KR20070026851A (ko) | 유연성 방탄 조립체 | |
WO1994023263A1 (fr) | Structures ayant une meilleure resistance a la penetration | |
US20070293109A1 (en) | Composite material for stab, ice pick and armor applications | |
CA2583233A1 (fr) | Armure legere de protection contre de multiples balles haute vitesse | |
MX2008012131A (es) | Construccion de un panel de ceramica para balistica, mejorado. | |
WO2001059395A9 (fr) | Article pare-balles multicouche | |
WO1991007633A1 (fr) | Blindage composite anti-balistique a resistance amelioree a des coups multiples | |
WO1992009861A2 (fr) | Blindage composite de resistance balistique | |
EP0558626B1 (fr) | Articles en tissu presentant une resistance accrue a la penetration | |
EP1233860A2 (fr) | Nappe et composite multicouches resistant aux impacts |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
COP | Corrected version of pamphlet |
Free format text: PAGES 1/8-8/8, DRAWINGS, REPLACED BY NEW PAGES 1/8-8/8; DUE TO LATE TRANSMITTAL BY THE RECEIVING OFFICE |
|
32PN | Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established |
Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 69(1) EPC, EPO FROM 1205A DATED 14.01.2003 |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase | ||
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |