WO2001058718A1

WO2001058718A1 - Fastening method and fastening apparatus for paper rolls

Info

Publication number: WO2001058718A1
Application number: PCT/FI2001/000121
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pekka E. Rapeli
Original assignee: Permar Oy
Priority date: 2000-02-11
Filing date: 2001-02-09
Publication date: 2001-08-16
Also published as: AU2001233826A1; FI20000290A0

Abstract

This invention relates to a fastening method and a fastening apparatus, which can be used for fastening paper rolls (100) with load cables (80) to the base (260) of a means of transport or to a transport pallet. The basic idea of the invention is that a core plug (10) is fastened to the end of the paper roll and the paper rolls are bound with load cables from the core plug to the base of the means of transport or to other paper rolls. The paper rolls can be fastened to the base in horizontal or vertical position in at least two layers. The core plug included in the fastening apparatus of the invention comprises a gripping part, by means of which the core plug is firmly retained within the inner core of the paper roll during the transport step. The invention also comprises locking combs (230) and locking means (210), by means of which vertically positioned paper rolls can be fastened by their lower end to locking rails (220) provided in the base of the means of transport. The invention allows substantially more rapid and reliable fastening of paper rolls than conventional fastening methods.

Description

Fastening method and fastening apparatus for paper rolls

The invention relates to a method for fastening paper rolls by means of load cables to the base or the structures of a means of transport or to other paper rolls. The invention also relates to a fastening apparatus and its application.

In the transport of paper rolls from a paper mill to the customers, a variety of transport solutions are used, such as road transport, railway transport and sea transport. In road transport, the paper rolls are placed tightly together on the load platform of a trailer and fastened to the trailer structures by means of load binding belts. In some cases, the paper rolls are not fastened at all, but are assumedly retained in position under their heavy weight.

In railway transport, the paper rolls are placed adjacent to each other on the base of the railway carriage and are bound together by means of horizontal belts. In railway carriages, movable roofs are often used, which allow the piles of rolls to be sheltered during transport. It is usually not possible to fasten high piles of rolls to the wall structures of a carriage.

In sea transport, "roll-on roll-off" ships are commonly used nowadays, in which several paper rolls are placed side by side in vertical position in one or more layers on a large platform. The rolls are bound together either horizontally with load binding belts enclosing the entire bundle of rolls, or with fastening belts pulled over the pile of rolls. It is also possible to leave the piles of paper rolls without any support means during sea transport. In that case there will be a risk of paper rolls falling over when the sea is rough.

At the distribution stage, paper rolls are delivered to customers either one by one or in batches of a plurality of rolls. The rolls may be in vertical or horizontal position in the trailer. Usually the rolls are fastened to the trailer structures with load binding belts during the transport. Support blocks must be provided at the corners of the paper rolls, between the roll and the binding belt, in order to prevent damage to the rolls.

A typical feature of conventional techniques for transporting and distributing paper rolls is that the rolls are transferred from one means of transport to another several times, resulting in many steps of attaching and detaching the rolls and a large amount of manipulating operations by trucks. In fact, nowadays transport systems using individual customer pallets are increasingly used. The paper rolls are loaded on and fastened to the pallet at the paper mill, and unloaded from the pallet only when they have reached the customer destination. During the transport step, pallets can be manipulated as solid entities in vehicles and intermediate stores, thus facilitating and speeding up the handling of paper rolls. For the paper rolls to resist all the stresses to which they are exposed in the transport step, they must be securely fastened to the pallet.

Paper rolls are fastened to means of transport or pallets with fastening methods that involve several drawbacks. Thus, for instance, it is difficult to fasten paper rolls to a railway carriage. For an upright roll to be fastened, the load-binding belt must be fitted precisely at the roll centre in order to remain in place. It is also very difficult to fasten a pile of paper rolls to the lateral structures of a carriage. Consequently, it usually takes several persons to fasten the rolls. The fastening of paper rolls to ships and lorries entails similar problems. Due to awkward fastemng methods, the rolls may be inadequately fastened, or even not fastened at all, and are thus at risk of being easily damaged during transport.

The object of the invention is to propose a new method for fastening paper rolls to a means of transport or a pallet. The invention allows reduction of the drawbacks and inconveniences relating to current fastening methods mentioned above. The fastening method of the invention is characterised by the features defined in the independent claims. A number of preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the idea of fastening a core plug to the end of the paper roll at the initial fastening stage. After this, the paper roll is fixed in position by binding the roll from the core plug to the base or structures of the means of transport. The core plug provides an adequate attachment point for load cables so that the paper roll can be rapidly fastened by secure and reliable attachment.

In one embodiment of the invention, the paper rolls are positioned vertically on the base of a means of transport, and the core plug is fastened only to the upper end of the paper rolls. In this embodiment, the paper rolls are fastened to the base of the means of transport at their upper end alone.

In a second embodiment of the invention, the paper rolls are positioned horizontally on the base of the means of transport and the core plugs are fastened to both ends of the paper rolls. In this embodiment, the paper rolls are fastened to the base of the means of transport at both ends.

In a third embodiment of the invention, the vertically positioned paper rolls are fastened at their lower end to the base of the means of transport by means of locking combs fitted against the sides of the paper rolls. The locking combs are fastened to locking rails provided in the base of the means of transport using separate locking means. The locking rails used may preferably consist of "Douglas rails" commonly used for air cargo. This embodiment may be used either separately or simultaneously with any embodiment suitable for attachment of the upper end of the paper roll.

The invention yields the benefit of saving labour cost, since owing to the invention, it only takes one person to fasten the paper rolls.

The invention also has the advantage of providing an efficient and reliable fastening method. Paper rolls positioned upright can be bound as a bundle by interconnecting the upper ends of the rolls. The method is more reliable than is a load-binding belt wrapped about a bundle of rolls, because a binding belt that has been wrapped around the rolls may loosen for some reason or another and slide down. The fastening method of the invention does not involve this risk.

The invention has the further advantage of being flexible and suitable for various fastening situations. Owing to the invention, the load-binding belt does not have to be pulled directly from the centre of the paper roll over the roll, since the fastening performed from the inner core of the paper roll enables the load-binding belt to be pulled at various angles to the cross-section of the paper roll. Owing to this, the load -binding belts can be fastened in the means of transport at the points that are optimal with regard to the fixing points and loading direction in each case.

The invention is described in detail below. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which

figure la shows an exemplified core plug included in the fastening apparatus of the invention in longitudinal cross-section when inserted in the end of a paper roll,

figure lb shows an exemplified core plug included in the fastening apparatus of the invention in cross-section, figure 2 shows an exemplified core plug included in the fastening device of the invention in longitudinal cross-section when fastened to the end of a paper roll,

figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d show preferred embodiments of an exemplified core plug of the fastening apparatus of the invention,

figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d show exemplified paper rolls supported with the fastening method of the invention,

figures 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d show exemplified paper rolls vertically supported on a transport pallet with the fastening method of the invention,

figures 6a and 6b show exemplified paper rolls horizontally supported on the base of a means of transport with the fastening method of the invention,

figures 7a, 7b and 7c show exemplified preferred embodiments of the fastening method of the invention and

figures 8a, 8b and 8c show an exemplified preferred embodiment of the invention for fastening the lower end of papers roll to the base of a means of transport.

Figure la shows an exemplified core plug 10 of the fastening apparatus of the invention in longitudinal cross-section. The core plug 10 has the aspect of a cylindrical member, whose outer diameter dimension is such that, with the core plug inserted into the inner core 102 of the paper roll 100, only a small play is provided between the inner surface of the inner core and the outer surface of the core plug. The core plug is longitudinally divided into two parts; a fastening part 14 at the first end of the core plug and a gripping part 16 at the second end of the core plug. The fastening part 14 is devised as a continuous cylindrical part, with a hole 12 parallel with the longitudinal axis of the core plug at the centre. The hole 12 preferably has a minimum diameter of 3 inches, which, however, may be smaller or larger than this. A planar flange 15 enclosing the fastening part is provided on the outer surface of the fastening part 14, substantially in alignment with the normal to the plane of the outer surface. The core plug is fitted within the inner core 102 of the paper roll with the surface of the flange 15 bearing against the end surface of the paper roll. Owing to the flange, the core plug is not allowed to penetrate too far within the inner core 102 as the core plug is being fastened. The fastening part material may be for instance plastic, aluminium or any other material or composite material that is sufficiently resistant and suitable for this purpose. The gripping part 16 forms an extension of the fastening part 14 at the second end of the core plug 10. The gripping part 16 is slightly conical in shape, and thus the second end of the core plug is somewhat smaller in cross-section than the first end. In figure la, the conical shape of the gripping part has been exaggerated for the sake of clarity. The conical shape of the core plug makes it easier to insert the plug in the inner core 102 of the paper roll 100. The core plug 10 also comprises a taper pin 30 to be inserted in the hole 12 in the core plug, which serves to fasten the core plug within the inner core 102 of the paper roll. The taper pin is preferably a rod-like member made of metal material, whose first end comprises a head 32 and second end has a conically tapered shape. The taper pin preferably has a diameter in the range 10-25 mm, which may, however, be larger or smaller than this. The taper pin is inserted in the hole 12 in the core plug with the second end of the taper pin pointing towards the gripping part 16 of the core plug.

Figure lb shows an exemplified core plug 10 pertaining to the fastening method of the invention in cross-section at the gripping part 16. The gripping part 16 comprises a tubular shell 18 formed by the outer surface of the gripping part and members 20 resembling T-profiles inside the shell. The shell 18 is preferably made of aluminium and its thickness is small compared to the core plug dimensions, preferably 1-1,25 mm. The shell 18 does not extend over the entire length of the gripping part, but only to an appropriate distance from the connecting point between the gripping part and the fastening part. The shell primarily serves to increase the rigidity of the portion of the core plug inserted into the paper roll. The members 20 are disposed in annular configuration within the shell 18, so that the flange parts 22 of the member bear against the inner surface of the shell 18 and the web parts 24 of the member point towards the centre of the shell 18, which is circular in cross- section. The web parts do not extend all the way to the shell centre, the ends 26 of the web parts 24 of the members 20 disposed in annular configuration forming a conically tapered passage 28 in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the core plug in the middle of the array of members. The central line of the passage 28 and the central line of the hole 12 substantially coincide on a straight line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core plug 10; in other words, the passage 28 is an extension of the hole 12.

Figure 2 shows an exemplified core plug 10 of the apparatus for fastening paper rolls of the invention in longitudinal cross-section, when fastened to the end of a paper roll 100. In the fastening situation, the core plug 10 is inserted into the inner core 102 of the paper roll 100 such that the gripping part 16 of the core plug and a portion of the fastening part 14 will be positioned within the inner core. After this; the taper pin 30 is moved within the core plug so that one end of the taper pin penetrates into the passage 28, and then the lateral surfaces of the conical portion of the second end of the taper pin will bear against the ends 26 of the web parts 24. The taper pin can be moved within the core plug for instance by hitting the head 32 at the end of the taper pin with a hammer. Owing to the conical shape of the taper pin, the taper pin presses the flange parts 22 of the members against the inner surface of the inner core 102 of the paper roll 100.

In figure 2, the thickness of the shell 18 has been exaggerated in order to clarify the design of the gripping part. The shell extends at its first end at least over an appropriate distance around the fastening part 14 of the core plug for the shell to be reliably fastened to the fastening part.

The shell may advantageously extend over the entire fastening part, and then the fastening part is completely surrounded by the shell. Before the core plug 30 is fitted in position, there is a play equalling the thickness of the shell 18 between the surface of the flange parts 22 and the surface of the inner core 102 of the paper roll. In reality, the shell has such a small thickness that the members 20 may well shift over the distance of the play towards the inner surface of the inner core, and then the flange parts outside the shell 18 will bear against the inner surface of the inner core 102 of the paper roll 100. Owing to the fiictional action on the contact surfaces, the taper pin 30 is maintained in position within the core plug 10 and the core plug, in turn, within the inner core of the paper roll. When fitted in position, the core plug provides a reliably solid fastening member, which can be used for fastening the paper roll 100 to a means of transport or a pallet.

A preferred embodiment of the core plug of the invention does not comprise any shell 18. The members 20 are elongated T-profiles as described above, whose second ends are connected to the fastening part 14 of the core plug 10. In this embodiment, the flange parts 22 of the members are pressed over their entire length against the inner surface of the inner core 102, as the taper pin penetrates within the passage 28 defined by the ends 26 of the web parts 24 of the member.

Figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d illustrate exemplified preferred embodiments of the core plug 10 of the fastening apparatus of the invention. Figure 3 a shows a core plug 10, whose end pointing towards the gripping part 16 has a sharp shape. The core plug of this embodiment is easy to fit in position, because the sharp plug makes it easy to break the protective cardboard provided at the ends of the paper roll. Figure 3b shows an example of a core plug 10, in which the conical portion of the second end of the taper pin 30 has threads 31. Accordingly, the surfaces of the ends 26 of the web parts 24 facing the taper pin comprise counter-threads 27 or grooves matching the threads 31. In this embodiment, the taper pin 30 can be fitted in position by rotating the taper pin inserted in the hole 12 with a tool, so that the taper pin is pushed into the passage 28 under the pulling action of the threads 31 and the counter-threads 27. To allow rotation of the taper pin, the head 32 has a shape that makes it easy to grip with a wrench. This embodiment offers the special advantage of the core plug being easy to remove when the taper pin 30 is released from the hole 12 by screwing.

Figure 3c shows an exemplified preferred embodiment of the core plug 10, which does not comprise any taper pin 30. This embodiment can be used in situations where the core plug is not required to possess pullout strength.

Figure 3d shows an exemplified preferred embodiment of a core plug 10, in which the end of the fastening part 14 comprises a circular planar end flange 17. An end flange is useful especially when paper rolls are fastened horizontally on a base as shown in figures 6a and 6b.

The fastening part 14, the members 20 and the shell 18 may all be made of the same material, or of different materials. Thus, for instance, the members may be aluminium or plastic profiles and the shell 18 may be made of steel or aluminium: The core plug may be disposable or fit for multiple uses. The core plug parts are preferably made of recyclable material.

Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d show exemplified preferred embodiments o the fastening method of the invention for fastening upright paper rolls 100 in position. In all the embodiments shown in figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d, a core plug 10 has been fastened to the paper roll end in any manner described above. The embodiments are mutually different regarding the fastening of the load cables 80.

In figure 4a, each load cable has an annular loop 82 at its end. The load cables are fastened to the core plug 10 provided at the end of the paper roll 100 by fitting the loop 82 around the core plug and by tightening the load cable in position. Thus stresses are exerted on the core plug by the load cables pulling in different directions. In figure 4b, the load cables are solidly fastened at their ends to the pull ring 83, which, in turn, is solidly fixed to the core plug 10 with rods 84. Thus the load cables, the pull ring and core plug form a single unit for fastening a paper roll.

In figure 4c, the load cables 80 are fastened by one end to a binding ring 85, which comprises two nested parts substantially in the same plane, an inner circumference 86 and an outer circumference 87, which are joined by rods 88. The load cables 80 are fastened by their ends to the outer circumference 86 of the binding ring and the inner circumference 87 is fitted around the core plug 10.

In figure 4d, a pull ring 83 has been disposed around the core plug 10, and all the load cables have been fastened to the same pull ring by their end. In the figure, the load cables are permanently fastened to the pull ring, however, the fastening can also be performed for instance by means of instant fixing hooks, allowing flexible variation of the number of load cables as required.

Figures 5a, 5b, and 5c show a top view of exemplified paper rolls 100 supported in vertical position with the fastening method of the invention. In figures 5a-5e the paper rolls are fastened on a transport pallet 200, however, the same fastening method is applicable to the fastening of rolls to any means of transport or any base 260 in a means of transport.

In figure 5a, the paper rolls 100 at the ends of the transport pallet 200 have been fastened with load cables 80 at the comers of the transport pallet and the paper roll at the centre of the pallet has been fastened with load cables to the sides of the transport pallet. In addition, the paper rolls at the extremities of the transport pallet have been connected to each other with load cables.

In figure 5b, paper rolls 100 are placed in two rows on the transport pallet 200. The paper rolls located in the corners of the transport pallet have been fastened with load cables 80 in the comers of the pallet and the aligned paper rolls at the ends of the pallet have been connected to each other. In addition, both the rows have been bound with load cables to form a continuous line.

In figure 5a, the paper rolls 100 on the transport pallet 200 have been bound to the paper rolls in the adjacent row, so that the load cables 80 form a zigzag pattern. This way of fastening allows the paper rolls to be efficiently bound as a bundle.

Figure 5 d is an oblique top view of exemplified paper rolls fastened to a transport pallet 200 with the method of the invention. The figure shows paper rolls in two rows and two layers on the transport pallet. In the case of figure 5d, superposed paper rolls have first been fastened to each other with the core plug 10 and eventually the uppermost roll layer has been fastened to the pallet in the way described in figure 5b. The use of core plugs for fastening superposed rolls is explained more in detail with reference to figure 7b.

Figures 5a-5d are merely intended to illustrate various conceivable ways of fastening upright paper rolls to a transport pallet 200 with the aid of load cables. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that paper rolls can also be fastened by many other ways of positioning load cables. In the described fastening methods, it is vital to make use of the core plugs 10 inserted in the inner core 102 of the paper rolls. To fasten load cables 80 to core plugs, loops 82, pull rings 83 or binding rings can be used as described in the explanation of figures 4a-4d.

Figures 6a and 6b show an exemplified preferred embodiment of a fastening method of the invention, in which the paper rolls 100 have been fastened in horizontal position on the base 260 of a means of transport. In figure 6a, the paper roll is shown viewed from the side of the roll and in figure 6b viewed from the end of the roll. The paper rolls have been fastened by their both ends to the base 260 with two load cables 80 such that the first end of the load cables has been fastened to the base and the second end to the core plug 10 fastened to the paper roll end. The fastening can optionally be performed at both ends of the roll with one single load cable. Then the load cable is fastened at its first end to the base on the first side of the paper roll, and then the load cable is wound around the core plug 10 and fastened at its other end to the base on the other side of the paper roll.

When paper rolls are fastened to the base of the means of transport in the horizontal position shown in figure 6a, the load cables exert tensile stresses on the core plug, and thus the core plug must have pullout strength. For a load cable located obliquely relative to the plane of the paper roll end to remain on the core plug, there must be some provision for preventing the load cable from sliding off the core plug. Figure

6a shows two different core plug embodiments, in which the retaining of the load cable has been ensured with different solutions. The first end of the paper roll comprises a core plug, with an end flange 17 at its end. The second end of the paper roll comprises a core plug, in which a groove 19 has been machined in the visible part. The groove 19 acts in the same way as the end flange 17, i.e. it ensures that the load cable is retained in place. In addition, the core plug end having a groove 19 can be received in the inner core of the paper roll, so that this preferred embodiment of the core plug can be used also when paper rolls are disposed on top of each other. Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d show a further number of preferred embodiments of the fastening method of the invention. In figure 7a, an individual paper roll 100 is fastened to a trailer. The paper roll is disposed vertically on the trailer platform and a core plug 10 has been fastened to the roll end by binding it with load cables 80 to fastening rails 90 provided in the trailer walls.

Figure 7b illustrates how two superposed paper rolls 100 have been interconnected with a core plug 10. The core plug has first been fastened to the inner core 102 of the lower paper roll, and then the upper paper roll has been lifted on top of the lower roll with the fastening part 14 of the core plug inserted in the inner core of the upper paper roll. This prevents the paper rolls from sliding relative to each other, and in order to fasten the rolls to the base of a transport means, it is usually enough to fasten the upper end of the upper paper roll in position.

Figure 7c shows how two paper rolls disposed vertically side by side are bound together with the fastening method of the invention. Both the rolls have first been equipped with core plugs at their ends, and then the core plugs have been interconnected with a load cable 80. This way of fastening is suitable for use especially when paper rolls are fastened in ships and railway carriages.

Figure 7d shows another exemplified preferred embodiment of the fastening method of the invention. In this embodiment as well, the upright paper roll is first equipped with a core plug 10 at its end, and a load cable 80 is fastened to this at its first end. The first end of the load cable may have a loop 82 or a pull ring 83 to facilitate and speed up the fastening. The second end of the load cable is not fastened to the frame, base or walls of the means of transport, but to this second end a dampening means 92 is fastened, which will be suspended in the space between the side of the paper roll and the wall 94 of the means of transport. In this context, the wall of the means of transport generally denotes the walls, vertical frames and support pillars of a means of transport, and generally any parts distinctly protruding from the plane of the base of the means of transport that a paper roll located on a base may hit when moving on the base. The dampening means can be set to the proper height by adjusting the length of the load cable. The basic idea of this embodiment is that the dampening means prevents the paper roll from bearing against the walls 94, should the roll move or tilt on the base during the transport for one reason or another. Dampening means can also be used between individual paper rolls or paper rolls bound in bundles in order to prevent the paper rolls from hitting each other. The dampening means 92 may be for instance bags filled with air or cellular rabber, or any suitable dampening means. Figures 8a, 8b and 8c show an exemplified preferred embodiment of a preferred fastening method of the invention for fastening the lower end of paper rolls to the base of a means of transport. This embodiment comprises moving locking means 210, which are fastened to locking rails 220 provided in the base of the means of transport, and detached locking combs 230.

Figure 8a is a side view of a locking means 210 used for locking. The locking means comprises a body part 212, a counter-profile 20 to be solidly or removably fixed to the body part and a locking part 214, the locking means being fastened by immobihsation to the locking rail 220. The design of the locking part is determined by the shape of the locking rail 220. The locking rail used may consist of any profile that is sufficiently resistant and stiff. In the preferred embodiment shown in figure 8a, the locking rail consists of the "Douglas rail" widely used for air cargo. Then, of course, the lock part 14 of the locking means is a part matching the Douglas rail. In the locking situation, the counter-profiles 20 of the locking means are disposed against the fastening profiles 10 of the locking combs 230. The fastening profile and the counter-profile are substantially designed with opposed shapes, so that placed facing each other, the profiles engage mechanically, thus preventing the profiles from sliding relative to each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the profiles. The locking means has been provided with a facility for longitudinal and vertical adjustment for accurate positioning of the counter-profile against the locking profile.

Figure 8b is a top view of exemplified paper rolls 100 fastened to the base 260 of a means of transport with the fastening method of the invention. The figure shows locking rails 220 fixed to the base 260 of the means of transport, the rails being preferably "Douglas rails", to which locking means 210 have been fastened. The paper rolls have been locked to prevent horizontal movement by means of detached locking combs 230, which are placed in position on the sides of the paper rolls and pressed against the sides of the paper rolls with locking means 210. The locking combs are beam-like parts, which may have recesses matching the curved edge of the paper roll on their first side. On their other side, the locking combs have a fastening profile 10 for fastening the locking comb to the locking means 210.

When paper rolls are loaded, the locking means 210 furthest away in the loading direction are first fastened to the locking rail 220 and the rearmost locking comb 230 is placed against the remotest locking means. Then the paper rolls 100 are shifted into correct positions against the locking combs 230 using a track, for instance, When the paper rolls are in position, the front locking combs are placed against the sides of the paper rolls and are locked into position with the front locking means.

Figure 8c shows exemplified paper rolls 100 fastened to the base 260 of a means of transport with the fastening method of the invention, viewed from the end of the base. The figure shows locking rails 220 and locking means 210 and locking combs 230, with which the paper rolls 250 are immobilised by binding their lower ends! The upper ends of the paper rolls can be bound with load cables 80 to prevent the rolls from falling over, in any manner described with reference to the preceding figures.

The use of the fastening method of the invention in the fastening of paper rolls has been described above. In this description, paper rolls denote generally any paper- based materials packaged as rolls, such as cardboard, paperboard, newsprint and various coated paper grades.

A number of preferred embodiments of the method of fastening paper rolls of the invention have been described above. The invention is not restricted to the described solutions, the inventive idea being applicable in numerous ways within the scope set by the claims.

Claims

1. A fastening method for fastening paper rolls (100) with load cables (80) to the base (260) or structures of a means of transport, or to other paper rolls, characterised in that - a core plug (10) is fastened to the inner core (102) of the paper rolls (100),

- the paper roll is fastened with load cables (80) from the core plug to the base (26) or structures of the means of transport or to other paper rolls.

2. A fastening method as defined in claim 1, characterised in that

- a paper roll (100) is disposed in vertical position on a base (260) - the core plug (10) is fastened to the upper end of the paper roll

- the upper end of the paper roll is fastened with load cables (80) from the core plug to a second paper roll or to the base (260) or structures of the means of transport, preferably to a fastening rail (90) in the stractures.

3. A fastening method as defined in claim 1, characterised in that - the first paper roll (100) is disposed in vertical position on a base (260)

- the core plug (10) is fastened to the upper end of the first paper roll

- the second paper roll is disposed in vertical position on top of the first paper roll so that the fastening part (14) of the core plug fastened to the first paper roll is inserted within the inner core (102) of the second paper roll - the core plug is fastened to the upper end of the second paper roll

- the upper end of the second paper roll is fastened with load cables (80) from the core plug to the third paper roll or to the base (260) or stractures of the means of transport, preferably to a fastening rail (90) in the structures.

4. A fastening method as defined in claim 1, characterised in that - the paper roll (100) is placed in horizontal position on the base (260)

- the core plugs (10) are fastened to both ends of the paper roll

- both ends of the paper roll are fastened with load cables (80) from the core plug to the base (260) or structures of the means of transport.

5. A fastening method as defined in any of claims 1-4, characterised in that the load cables (80) are fastened to the core plugs (10) with loops (82), pull rings (83) or binding rings (85) provided in the load cables.

6. A fastening method for fastening paper rolls disposed in vertical position on the base (260) of a means of transport to this base, characterised in that

- locking combs (230) are disposed against the sides of the paper rolls - the locking combs are fastened with locking means 210 to locking rails (220) provided on the base (260).

7. A fastening apparatus for fastening paper rolls (100) to the base (260) or structures of a means of transport or to other paper rolls, characterised in that the fastening apparatus comprises a core plug (10), which is partly inserted into the inner core (102) of the paper roll (100) and comprises a fastening part (14) for fastening the load cable (80) to the fastening part.

8. A fastening apparatus as defined in claim 7, characterised in that an end flange (17) or a groove (19) is provided in the fastening part (14) of the core plug (10).

9. A fastening apparatus as defined in claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the fastening part (14) of the core plug (10) is provided with a flange (15).

10. A fastening apparatus as defined in any of claims 7-9, characterised in that the core plug (10) has a gripping part (16) for fastening the core plug to the inner core (102) of the paper roll (100).

11. A fastening apparatus as defined in claim 10, characterised in that the gripping part (16) comprises members (20) resembling a T-profile in shape, whose flange parts (22) are disposed to press against the inner surface of the inner core (102).

12. A fastening apparatus as defined in claim 11, characterised in that the flange parts (22) of the members (20) of the gripping part (16) are disposed to be pressed by a taper pin (30) against the inner surface of the inner core (102) or the shell (18).

13. A fastening apparatus as defined in any of claims 7-12, characterised in that the fastening part (14) and gripping part (16) of the core plug (10) are surrounded by a cylindrical shell (18).

14. A fastening apparatus as defined in any of claims 7-13, characterised in that the apparatus comprises dampening means (92) disposed between the paper roll (100) and the wall (94) of the means of transport.

15. A fastening apparatus as defined in claim 14, characterised in that the dampening means (92) are fastened with load cables (80) to the core plugs (10) disposed at the ends of the paper rolls (100).

16. A fastening apparatus as defined in any of claims 7-15, characterised in that the apparatus comprises loops (82), pull rings (83) or binding rings (85) permanently or removably fastened to the end of the load cables (80).

17. A fastening apparatus for fastening paper rolls (100) disposed in vertical position on the base (260) of a means of transport to this base (260), characterised in that the fastening apparatus comprises

- beam-like locking combs (230) to be disposed against the sides of the paper roll

- locking rails (220) provided on the base (260) of the means of transport

- movable and detachable locking means (210) provided in the locking rails (220) for fixing the locking combs (230) in position.

18. A fastening apparatus as defined in claim 17, characterised in that locking profiles (10) have been provided in the locking comb (230).

19. A fastening apparatus as defined in claim 17 or 18, characterised in that the locking means (210) comprises a body part (212), a counter-profile (20) disposed with adjustable position in the body part, and a lock part (214) for fastening the locking means (210) to the locking rail (220).

20. A fastening apparatus as defined in any of claims 17-19, characterised in that the locking rails (220) are "Douglas rails".

21. Apphcation of the fastening apparatus of any of claims 7-20 to means for transporting paper rolls ( 100).