WO2001057659A2 - Systems and methods for computer initialization - Google Patents
Systems and methods for computer initialization Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001057659A2 WO2001057659A2 PCT/US2001/003712 US0103712W WO0157659A2 WO 2001057659 A2 WO2001057659 A2 WO 2001057659A2 US 0103712 W US0103712 W US 0103712W WO 0157659 A2 WO0157659 A2 WO 0157659A2
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- programmable logic
- control signal
- circuit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
- G06F9/4406—Loading of operating system
- G06F9/4408—Boot device selection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0638—Organizing or formatting or addressing of data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
- G06F1/24—Resetting means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/061—Improving I/O performance
- G06F3/0613—Improving I/O performance in relation to throughput
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0655—Vertical data movement, i.e. input-output transfer; data movement between one or more hosts and one or more storage devices
- G06F3/0658—Controller construction arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0673—Single storage device
- G06F3/0674—Disk device
- G06F3/0676—Magnetic disk device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
- G06F9/4406—Loading of operating system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to systems and methods for initializing devices such as computers, computer-based appliances, and processors and, more particularly, to systems and methods for initializing devices comprising one or more volatile logic devices after a power turn-on or a commanded reset.
- Computers and computer-based appliances e.g. PCs (personal computers), PDAs (personal digital assistants) and other embedded devices
- PCs personal computers
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- Conventional operating systems typically range in size from hundreds of kilobytes for, e.g., small PDAs to hundreds of megabytes for, e.g., high-end servers and PCs.
- power turn-on cold boot
- commanded reset warm boot
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional computing device illustrating a plurality of boot storage options. More specifically, a plurality of boot devices are shown including a magnetic hard disk 10, CD read only memory (CDROM) 20, floppy disk 30, network 40 (e.g., wireless network), read only memory (ROM) 50, non-volatile or pre-initialized random access memory (RAM) 60, flash memory 70, or any other non-volatile or pre-initialized volatile memory device (80). Each of the boot devices 10-80 are interconnected by a respective interface 90-160 to their respective data storage/ retrieval adapters 170 - 240. In a typical legacy system as shown in Fig.
- each storage adapter device 170-240 is connected to an expansion bus 330 via respective interfaces 250-320.
- the expansion bus 330 is connected to an expansion bus adapter or bridge adapter 340.
- the expansion bus 330 and expansion bus adapter or bridge adapter 340 are utilized to interconnect the storage adapter devices 170-240 to a main bus 395 of a computer, wherein the computer comprises one or more processors 350, a main RAM storage device 360, a ROM/ flash memory 380, other input/output devices 390 (e.g., mouse keyboard, microphone, etc), and power-up and reset circuitry 370.
- the computer reset and power-up circuitry implements both a "cold” and a "warm” boot process as is known in the art.
- Fig. 2 comprises a plurality of timing diagrams depicting a conventional "cold” boot process and a conventional "warm” boot process, which are typically implemented in the computer reset and power up circuits 370 (Fig. 1). More specifically, the combination of
- Figs. 2a and 2b illustrate a cold boot process while Figs. 2c, 2d and 2e illustrate a warm boot process.
- Figs. 2a when power is activated, the voltage level increases from an off state to an operating voltage range 420.
- a power-up reset operation is performed by momentarily asserting a system-reset signal 410.
- the system-reset signal 410 tracks the voltage rise of the power supply, with the exception of a phase lag associated with achieving a power supply voltage threshold 420.
- the power supply voltage threshold 420 of the system-reset signal 410 provides a sufficient delay of operation to ensure reliable logic operation is achieved.
- a system clock preferably begins generating a processor clock signal 440 when (or prior to) the system-reset signal 410 is asserted to initialize the processor into a known reset state.
- the computer's boot device when the system-reset signal 410 is deasserted after the time interval 430, the computer's boot device is required to be available either instantaneously or within a predetermined time period thereafter.
- PCI Bus Personal Computer Interface Bus
- the industry standard Personal Computer Interface Bus (PCI Bus) Specification Revision 2.2 requires that the boot device be available 5 bus clock cycles after the negation of the bus reset. With a 5 standard PCI Bus clock frequency of 33 megahertz, the boot device must be available in approximately 152 nanoseconds. In particular, this is illustrated in Fig. 2b, wherein the number of clocks for the boot device to be available after the system-reset signal 410 (as well as signal 415 for the warm boot process) is deasserted is 5 clocks. If the boot device is not available upon the expiration of this predetermined time, the system may crash or be delayed 10 from booting.
- Fig. 2c illustrates a warm boot commanded-reset-request signal 445 that is generated by a commanded request, e.g., a boot request from the system, an application, operating system, a user, etc. Often computers incorporate a user accessible pushbutton or other switching device by which the user may request a warm boot.
- Fig. 2d illustrates a system- lb reset signal 415 that is generated upon a commanded request. The system-reset signal 415 is asserted for a processor reset time period 431 (of X msec ) upon a commanded reset (similar to Fig, 2a discussed above). It should be noted that signals 410 and 415 are the same signal, except that Figs.
- FIG. 2a and 2d illustrate the different states of the system-reset signal upon initiation of the cold and warm boot processes.
- Figure 2e illustrates the system processor 2 o clock timing (similar to Figure 2b) for the warm boot process.
- the boot requirements described above e.g., processor reset time, time for boot device to be available, etc.
- clock signal 440 is operating prior to the system-reset signal 415 being asserted, although it is not necessary.
- FIG. 3a is a flow diagram of the conventional power-up "cold" boot process. A system waits in an idle state for the power supply to be turned on (step 500).
- the system-reset signal When the power is applied (affirmative determination in step 500) and the power supply voltage meets a preset threshold (affirmative determination in step 510), the system-reset signal is asserted active low for X msec (step 520). At the expiration of the time period X, the system-reset signal is deasserted (step 530). An optional maximum delay of « clock cycles (step 540) (or some other prespecified time period) for boot device availability may be inserted. The boot process proceeds to boot the system by loading , e.g., an operating system or application program, etc., if one or more of the associated boot device(s) are available (step 550).
- Fig. 3b is a flow diagram of a conventional "warm" boot process.
- a commanded-reset-request signal affirmative result in step 560
- the system-reset signal is asserted for X msec (step 570).
- the system-reset signal is deasserted (step 575).
- An optional maximum delay of « clock cycles (step 580) (or some other prespecified time period) for boot device availability may be inserted.
- the boot process proceeds to boot the system by loading , e.g., an operating system or application program, etc., if one or more of the associated boot device(s) are available (step 590).
- TTL type logic devices small-scale integration
- gate counts per package medium scale integration
- alternate process technologies affording lower power consumption, wider voltage ranges, and specialized electrical interfaces.
- embedded systems on a chip became a reality, with dramatically reduced costs.
- Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a conventional system comprising a boot device storage adapter 720 comprising a non-volatile logic device 725. More specifically, the boot device storage adapter 720 employs a non-volatile logic device 725 to access boot data from a boot o storage device 700. Data is read from the boot device 700, typically across an industry standard interface 710, via the non-volatile logic device 725, and then onto the optional expansion bus 330, where it read by the computer via the optional expansion bus adapter/ bridge 340. It is to be understood that the boot device 700 represents any of the boot devices 10-80 in Fig. 1. 5 In the exemplary system of Fig.
- Another limitation within the current art is the need for loading or reloading one or more programmable logic devices 730 upon a warm boot process. Often warm boots are l o required when a computer application or operating system becomes unstable or corrupted.
- a warm boot process may or may not require loading of the volatile logic device 725 utilized in the given boot storage adapter or interface 720.
- the present invention is directed to systems and methods for initializing devices such as computers, computer-based appliances, and processors.
- the present invention is directed to systems and methods for initializing devices comprising one or more volatile logic devices after a power turn-on or a commanded reset.
- a method for initializing a computer system comprises the steps of: sensing a command signal to boot the computer system; generating a first control signal to initialize a boot process; generating a second control signal to initialize a programmable logic device prior to completion of the initialization of the boot process; and booting the computer system using the initialized programmable logic device.
- a boot manager circuit is provided for managing initialization of a computer system.
- a boot manager circuit comprises: a first sense circuit for sensing power-up and ensuring power stability; a second sense circuit for sensing a command signal to boot the computer system; a control circuit for generating a control signal in response to sensing of a command signal, to initialize a programmable logic device in 5 advance of a boot process; and a state machine for outputting a flag indicative of the type of the type of boot process commanded.
- the first sense circuit is employed to ensure power supply stability prior to generating the control signal for loading the programmable logic device.
- the boot manager circuit processes an external reset request to warm l o boot the system either with or without reloading the programmable logic device.
- the boot manager circuit is employed to simultaneously or sequentially load multiple programmable logic devices depending on the desired application.
- boot storage device 15 comprises: a boot storage device for storing initialization program code for initializing a computer during a boot process; and a boot device adapter, operatively interfaced with the boot storage device, for accessing the initialization program code from the boot storage device in response to a request from the computer system; wherein the boot device adapter comprises: a programmable logic device; and a boot control circuit for generating a control
- the computer initialization system may further comprise a memory device for storing logic code associated with the programmable logic device.
- the memory device preferably comprises non- volatile memory residing on the boot device adapter, the computer system, device, appliance, or the boot device.
- the computer initialization system comprises a digital signal processor (DSP) that initializes the programmable logic device in response to the control signal.
- DSP digital signal processor
- the DSP preferably resides on the boot storage device adapter.
- the DSP can be connected to the programmable logic device through a dedicated bus of the DSP or a common bus.
- the DSP retrieves logic code associated with the programmable logic device from a memory device residing on the boot storage device, the boot device adapter, and/or the computer system.
- the memory device may be employed to store logic code associated with the DSP.
- the boot device may be employed to load the logic code of a programmable logic device that is located in the boot device itself, in the boot device adapter or in the PC or appliance.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of conventional computer system comprising a plurality of representative boot devices
- Figs. 2(a)-2(e) comprise timing diagrams that illustrate conventional "cold” and “warm” boot processes
- Figs. 3a and 3b comprise flow diagrams respectively illustrating a conventional "cold” boot process and "warm” boot processes
- Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a conventional initialization system comprising a boot device storage adapter comprising a non-volatile logic device;
- Fig. 5 is a high-level block diagram of a boot management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 6 illustrates timing diagrams of a boot process according to one aspect of the present invention implementing the boot management circuit of Fig. 5 in a legacy computer system;
- Fig. 7 illustrates timing diagrams of a boot process according to one aspect of the 5 present invention implementing the boot management circuit of Fig. 5 in a non-legacy computer system;
- Figs. 8a and 8b respectively comprise flow diagrams of a "cold” and “warm” boot process according to one aspect of the present invention
- Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a boot management circuit according to an i o embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 10 is a timing diagram illustrating the waveforms at various nodes in the diagram of Fig. 9;
- Fig. 11 is a block diagram of an initialization system according to an embodiment of present invention utilizing a boot management circuit
- 15 Fig. 12 is a block diagram of an initialization system according to another embodiment of present invention
- Fig. 13 is a block diagram of an initialization system according to another embodiment of present invention.
- Fig. 14 is a block diagram of an initialization system according to another 2 o embodiment of present invention.
- Fig. 15 is a block diagram of an initialization system according to another embodiment of present invention.
- Fig. 16 is a block diagram of an initialization system according to another embodiment of present invention.
- the present invention is directed to systems and methods for initializing devices such as computers, computer appliances, and processors. More specifically, the present invention is directed to system and methods for initializing (programming) a volatile programmable 5 logic device (employed in the computer or processor boot process) in advance of its application.
- a volatile programmable 5 logic device employed in the computer or processor boot process
- system elements having equivalent or similar functionality are designated with the same reference numerals in the Figures.
- the systems and methods described herein may be implemented in various forms of hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof.
- the present invention is o implemented utilizing a combination of novel analog signal processing techniques and digital logic applied to programmable logic technologies, high density non-volatile storage devices, digital signal processors or any other type of processing device or technique.
- the present invention is applicable to any type of programmable logic device utilized in the boot process of a computer or appliance, which is utilized to load the operating system, 5 drivers, application code, or any other software and firmware.
- Fig. 5 illustrates a high-level block diagram of a boot management circuit 1070 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a preferred architecture of the boot management circuit 1070 comprises a component for sensing power-up and user/system commanded reset requests and a component for generating control signals in o response to such power-up and commanded requests for causing logic code to be loaded into one or more programmable logic devices in advance of use of such programmable logic devices in a boot process.
- a preferred boot management circuit comprises a component for determining the type of boot process that was initiated (e.g., power-up or commanded reset) and providing an indication of such boot process. 5
- a preferred implementation is to employ either the power-supply-monitoring signal 400 and/or the system— cold-boot-reset-request signal 740 for determining cold boot requests.
- the comm ⁇ nded-w ⁇ rm-boot-reset-request signal 760 is utilized to sense warm boot requests.
- signals such as 740 and 760 are typically not available from the current hardware/software implementation, thus only existent signals must be utilized that are generated by the computer or expansion bus.
- the power-supply-monitoring signal 400 coupled to either the power supply or the expansion bus power is utilized in conjunction with either an exp ⁇ nsionbus-bus-reset signal 750 or the system-reset signal 410/415 to distinguish between a cold and warm boot.
- the exp ⁇ nsionbus-bus-reset signal 750 is typically derived from the system-reset signal 410/415, usually with appropriate buffering or some other form of signal conditioning.
- the system-reset signal 410/415 or exp ⁇ nsionbus-bus-reset signal 750 is preferably monitored along with/jower- supply-monitoring signal 400. If the system-reset signal 410/415 or the exp ⁇ nsionbus-bus- reset signal 750 is asserted and the power-supply-monitoring signal 400 is above the specified threshold 420 (deemed power supply valid), then the boot process is a warm boot.
- the exemplary boot management circuit 1070 further comprises a plurality of output pins for outputting a boot-device-reset signal 1030, a system-reset signal 410/415 (depending if a cold or warm boot process is initiated), and (optionally) indicator signals such as a w ⁇ rm- boot-fl ⁇ g indicator 1050 and/or a cold-boot-fl ⁇ g indicator 1040.
- the system-reset 410/415 is not an input to the boot management circuit 1070 but is an output generated by the boot management circuit 1070.
- the non-legacy use of o the system-reset 410/415 is similar to its use in legacy systems where the signal 410/415 may be utilized to reset processors, peripherals, and all other non-volatile elements of the boot device.
- the w ⁇ rm-boot-fl ⁇ g signal 1050 and the cold-boot fl ⁇ g- sign ⁇ l 1040 may be derived from their respective input request signals 760 and 740.
- the previously specified logic is preferably applied. 5
- the boot management circuit 1070 according to the present invention can be readily employed in all existing and future platform architectures.
- the input signals 400, 740, 760, 410/415 and 750 and output signals 1030, 410/415, 1050 and 1040 are labeled with names that describe their associated functions, and that, depending on the platform, system or application, other signals providing o corresponding functions of the signals depicted in Fig. 5 may be applied.
- the boot-device-reset output 1030 provides a mechanism for initiating the loading of the programmable logic device in advance of the use of the programmable logic device in the boot process.
- the cold-boot-fl ⁇ g output signal 1040, and the w ⁇ rm-boot-fl ⁇ g output signal 1050 indicate which type boot process has been 5 commanded.
- the output flags 1040, 1050 provide an indication that allows additional logic that is implemented in either hardware, software, or any combination thereof, to elect to either load or reload program code in the programmable logic device, or leave intact the current programming of the programmable logic device. Indeed, depending on the application, it may or may not be advantageous to reload the programmable logic devices.
- the system-reset output 410/415 typically resets either all or a portion of the PC components, appliance components, or system components.
- the input signals are indicative of a signal type and may each occur in pluralities.
- the, power-supply- monitoring signal 400 may comprise a plurality of power senses.
- the individual senses that may be utilized include +5 volts, +3.3 volts, +1.8volts, +1.5 volts, +12 volts, and
- the power-supply-monitoring signal 400 may be monitored and logically combined using any suitable conventional logic equation to provide a power sense.
- Certain power supply voltages are used for specific functions. For example +5 and +3.3 volts may be utilized for logic input and output while lower voltages such as +1.5 volts may be utilized for internal logic cores of high-density logic devices and processors.
- the process of monitoring voltages is application specific to a number of parameters including the specific logic implementation, system functionality, and/or processors utilized in the computer or appliance. Further, the ordering may be sensed to ensure that the power has been applied in the proper sequence, i.e., the logic cores are powered before I/O devices to avoid latchup).
- a power-supply-monitoring signal 400 upon power-up of the system, reaches a stable and acceptable voltage operating range 405 within a given time period.
- the phase lag associated with the power-supply-monitoring signal 400 may vary based upon factors such as the source impedance and load condition of the input source and the internal functioning of the power supply, topology, analog or switching, frequency of switching, capacity, etc.
- Fig. 6(b) which is similar to Fig.
- the system-reset signal 410 for a cold boot is generated, which typically approximates the power-supply- monitoring signal 400 until a minimum threshold voltage 420 is reached so as to enable proper logic operation.
- the system-reset signal 410 is asserted for X milliseconds.
- the time period X is ( typically 200 milliseconds, any suitable value for X may be implemented in the present invention, as the present invention is not specific to any given value. Indeed, it is anticipated that this time period with grow smaller in future systems. Additionally, it is not required that the system-reset signal 410 follow the power-supply-monitoring signal 400. Indeed, the system- reset signal 410 may remain continuously asserted until it is negated.
- Fig. 6(c) (which is similar to Fig. 2(d)
- the system-reset signal 415 is asserted for Y milliseconds, wherein Fmay be any suitable time period.
- F may be any suitable time period.
- Fig. 6(d) (which is similar to Fig.
- the system processor clock generates the clock signal 440, which typically begins operation once the input power has reached an acceptable operating level. While it is possible that the system clock is held in reset until the system-reset signal 410/415 is negated, it is often preferable to allow the system clock 440 to operate during the time interval X, (or T) to aid the system logic and/or initializing the processor into a known state. For example, many general-purpose processors and digital signal processors typically require a number of input clocks to properly operate when released from the reset state. It is to be understood that the system processor clock signal 440 is shown for pedagogical purposes and is not a required element of the present invention.
- a maximum delay from reset negation to boot device availability may be implemented 5 based on, e.g., a maximum number n of clock cycles (or some other prespecified time interval). For example, in the Personal Computer Interface Specification Revision 2.2, the boot device must be available 5 clock cycles after the negation of reset on the bus, or the system may crash. At the current system clock rates of 33 and 66 megahertz, this approximately corresponds to maximum times of 150 and 75 nanoseconds, respectively. l o Again, the maximum delay from reset negation to boot device availability may be anywhere from zero to some maximum specified time value delineated in any convenient units including multiples of clock periods.
- the boot-device-reset signal 1030 preferably follows the power-supply-monitoring signal 400, although this is not
- the boot-device-reset signal 1030 With a warm boot process, the boot-device-reset signal 1030 will change from a negated state to an asserted state upon the system-reset-signal 415 being asserted. When the system-reset signal 410 is asserted to active low, the boot-device-reset signal 1030 is asserted to active low for Z msec, where Z comprises a number that is shorter than the respective X or Ftime periods for cold
- the period of time X- Z (or Y - Z with a warm boot) should be sufficient to load and activate the programmable logic device elements necessary for boot, which may comprise of a portion of one programmable logic device or one or more programmable logic devices. This time period may be shortened, for instance when reloading of the volatile logic device is not necessary.
- an optional internal state machine is set to provide an indication of the mechanism that is responsible for initiating the boot process.
- this mechanism comprises either asserting or negating the cold-boot-flag 1040 along with the complementary warm-boot-flag 1050.
- the signals 1040, 1050 change state when the boot-device-reset signal 1030 is 5 negated. It is to be appreciated that in other embodiments of the present invention, the state machine and indicator signals may be valid earlier than negation of the boot-device-reset signal 1030, if so desired.
- FIG. 7 a plurality of timing diagrams are shown depicting both cold and warm boot process for implementation of the boot management circuit 1070 in a non- 0 legacy system. These timing diagrams are similar to the corresponding timing diagrams of
- FIG. 6 expect that in Fig. 7, the system-cold-boot-reset-request signal 740 in Fig. 7(e) and the commanded-warm-boot-reset-request 760 signal in Fig. 7(f) are utilized directly as the cold and warm boot requests, as opposed to their derivation in legacy applications as described herein. 5
- Figs. 8a and 8b flow diagrams respectfully illustrate a "cold" and
- a test or other check is continuously performed to determine whether the power supply has been turned on (step 500). If power has been applied (affirmative determination in step 500), a determination is o then made as to whether as to whether the voltage, current, and/or aggregate power from one or more supply voltages has met a predetermined threshold (step 510). Furthermore, in the case of underdamped or critically damped supplies, it may also be desirable to test both high and low voltage rails to ensure that the power supply has settled. This process may also include a time delay to ensure that the supply is not in the process of oscillating above and 5 below the thresholds, inducing a false power supply valid indication. Multiple senses (and the order thereof) may be combined to derive the most reliable or otherwise optimal indication of power supply validity, if so desired.
- two parallel processes occur (i.e., a first parallel process comprising steps 520, 530 and 540, and a second parallel process comprising steps 1200, 1210, 1220 and 1230). More specifically, the first parallel process initiates with the system-reset signal 410 being asserted for X msec (step 520), or some other prespecified time period. Then, after expiration of the time period X, the system-reset signal 410 is deasserted (step 530). Then, a time delay 540 (shown in Fig. 7(n) as n clock cycles) is optionally inserted before the boot process 550 begins. In the second parallel process, the boot-device-reset signal 1030 is asserted
- any logic devices utilized on the boot storage adapter or processors may be reset including those utilized to load the volatile logic device including the boot storage device.
- the boot-device-reset signal 1030 is deasserted (step 1210).
- the boot state indicator is optionally read to ensure the appropriate boot process and loading of the correct logic code into the programmable logic device (step 1220).
- the programmable logic device is loaded (step 1230). It is to be noted that a delay may then be encountered waiting for completion of the first parallel process.
- the boot process begins (step 550).
- a test or other check is continuously perfo ⁇ ned to determine whether a request for reset (e.g., user, system, application, etc.) has been asserted (step 560). If so (affirmative determination in step 560), two parallel processes occur (a first parallel process comprising steps 520, 530, and 580, and a second parallel process comprising steps 1200, 1210, 1220, and 1230).
- the first parallel process initiates with system-reset signal 415 (master reset) being asserted active low for time period of Y msec (step 520), wherein Fmay be equal to any suitable time period.
- the system-reset signal 415 After the system-reset signal 415 has been asserted for the prespecified time period Y, the system-reset signal 415 is deasserted (step 530) and a maximum time delay of n clock cycles is optionally mandated (step 580) for the availability of the boot device.
- the boot process begins (step 590) if the boot device is available.
- the boot-device-reset signal 1030 is asserted for Z msec (step 1200), wherein Z ⁇ Y. After the expiration of Y, the boot-device-reset signal 1030 is deasserted (step 1210). Then, the boot state indicator is optionally read to ensure the appropriate boot process and loading of the correct logic code into the programmable logic device (step 1220). Next, the programmable logic device is loaded (step 1230). It is to be noted that a delay may then be encountered waiting for completion of the first process. Finally, the boot process begins (step 590).
- Fig. 9 illustrates a schematic circuit diagram of a boot management circuit 1070 (Fig. 5) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the boot management circuit 1070 comprises a power supply sense circuit 1071 comprising an input node A, a diode Dl, resistors Rl and R4, a capacitor Cl, a jumper Jl and output node B.
- Rl is at least one order of magnitude lower than the resistance R4.
- the power sense circuit 1071 is essentially a dual time constant integrator with R4 and Cl defining the charge time constant and Rl and Cl defining the discharge time constant.
- the boot management circuit 1070 further comprises a Schmidt inverter Ul, operatively connected to the power sensor circuit 1071 at node B, and operatively connected to an input of a falling edge differentiator 1072 at node C.
- the falling edge differentiator 1072 preferably comprises a capacitor C2 and resistor R2.
- the inverter Ul is employed in conjunction with the falling edge differentiator 1072 to generate a pulse (at node D) that is utilized to create a boot-device-reset signal 1030 (at node E) by means of a two input Schmidt AND gate U2 (which operates as an active low in, active low out, OR gate).
- the boot manager 1070 further comprises a system reset circuit 1073 comprising a jumper J2 and resistor R5, for processing the legacy system-reset signal 410/415, a jumper J3 again with resistor R5, for processing the expansionbus-bus-rest signal 750, and a jumper J4 and resistor R6 for processing the commanded-warm-boot-reset-request signal 760 (which are discussed above with reference to Fig. 5).
- a boot-device-reset signal 1030 (at node E) will be generated. It should be noted that each of the jumpers J1-J4 illustrated in Fig.
- resistors R5 and R6 are utilized as logic pull-ups to default the system and external reset requests to the inactive state.
- an AND gate U3 is utilized to combine the system and user reset request signals into one combined request (output at node H).
- a differentiator circuit 1074 comprising a capacitor C3 and a resistor R3, acts as a rising edge differentiator whose output (at node I) is then supplied to a Schmidt inverter U4 for waveshaping the reset request pulse (output to node J). It is to be noted that the values of C3 and R3 are preferably selected based on the desired pulse width time of the signal output at node J.
- U2 is again utilized to logically OR the power-up system reset, and external reset request.
- An S/R flip-flop U6 implements a state machine that asserts and negates the appropriate warm-boot and cold boot flags, 1050, 1040.
- a Schmidt inverter U5 is utilized to convert the polarity of the power-up reset for appropriate operation of the state machine.
- the ability for a computer or computer appliance to inquire about the boot initiator is advantageous, as it provides a mechanism for 5 rebooting of only those system and reloading of those programmable logic devices that are required or desired.
- Figure 10 comprises a plurality of timing diagrams illustrating the state of the signals located at each node (A-J) of the boot manager circuit illustrated in Fig. 9. More specifically, the letter designations A-J correspond to the waveforms generated as a function of time at the l o associated nodes labeled in the schematic diagram of Fig. 9.
- Signal A illustrates a typical turn-on transient of a power supply of a computer or computer appliance. With computers comprising low cost switching power supplies that operate with the power consumption of hundred of watts, this time is typically 5 msecs. This time and the actual profile vary significantly based on the design and individual system tolerances. It is expected that as
- Signal B depicts the voltage waveform input to Ul as generated by Signal A (power supply sense input) charging the Cl with time constant R4C1.
- Signal C is the output of the Schmidt trigger inverter Ul, and Signal D is the output as processed the differentiator circuit 1072.
- Signal D is input to the Schmidt AND gate U2 to generate the boot-device-reset signal 1030 as illustrated Signal E.
- Signal D is also input to
- the system-reset signal 410/415 and commanded-warm-boot-reset-request signal 760 are shown disabled by the removal of jumpers J2 and J4, respectively. Both requests are shown active low and Signals F OR G show individual requests.
- the Schmidt AND gate U3 logically ORs the request and generates Signal H as an input to the rising edge differentiator circuit 1074.
- the output of the differentiator circuit 1074, Signal I, is the input to Schmidt inverter U4 which generates signal J that is input to both U2 and U6.
- a boot-device-reset signal 1030 is then generated and the S/R flip-flop U6 is set to the cold-boot-flag 1050 as indicated by Signal M.
- Schmidt function provides additional noise margin through the logic's hysterisis and is optional to all logic functions in the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a boot management system according to an embodiment of present invention utilizing a local non-volatile storage device and volatile logic device.
- a boot storage device 700 stores an operating system and/or application programs, which are to be loaded upon system initialization.
- the boot storage device 700 may comprise any mass storage device.
- An optional interface 710 operatively connects the boot storage device 700 to a boot device storage adapter 770 (although the boot storage device may be directly connected to a computer, computer appliance, processor, etc).
- the boot device storage adapter 770 comprises a volatile logic device 730 that is implemented to access the boot storage device
- the boot device storage adapter 770 further comprises a non- volatile logic device 736,which stores the logic program for the volatile logic device 730.
- a boot management circuit 1070 receives boot requests from a power-supply-monitoring signal 400, an optional system-cold-boot-reset-request signal 740, a commanded-warm-boot-reset-request signal 760, (optionally) a legacy system- reset signal 410/415, and (optionally) an expansionbus-reset signal 750.
- the boot management circuit 1070 ensures that the volatile logic device 730 is preprogrammed and operational prior to a request from the external adapter/bridge 340 (or the PC/appliance itself) to access, or receive data from the boot storage device 700. It is to be appreciated that as explained above, the boot management circuit 1070 is readily backwards compatible with legacy systems because the boot management processes and converts boot signals of legacy systems into signals that are used for implementing the booting techniques described herein. It is to be further appreciated that the methods and systems described herein may be implemented in legacy free systems.
- the volatile logic device 730 may utilize a conventional self-loading mechanism to load its associated logic code in response to a control signal from the boot management circuit Alternatively, the logic code for the volatile logic device can be loaded by means of external logic circuitry.
- boot storage devices may be addressed as memory or mass storage devices. Further, the access to the boot storage device 700 may be as a slave or the device 700 may be a master initiating the transfer itself. Further it should be noted that in Fig. 11 th ⁇ power-supply-monitoring-signal 400 is shown operatively sensing one or more voltages from the expansion bus as is typical in legacy implementations. This signal may also be coupled to the power supply as in non-legacy implementations .
- Fig. 12 is a block diagram of a boot management system according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein a boot device storage adapter 771 comprises a digital signal processor or any other processor 1320 and (optionally) a RAM 1330.
- the non-volatile memory device 736 may store the program(s) for the volatile logic device 730 and the programs for the digital signal processor(s) 1320.
- the digital signal processor 1320, volatile logic device 730, and non-volatile memory device 736 and RAM 1330 may be operatively connected to the volatile logic device 730 via a common bus structure 1340 (although they may be connected via dedicated pathways, or any combination of dedicated and common buses).
- the non-volatile memory 736 may be contained within the digital signal processor 1320 or any other element of the current embodiment, i.e., the volatile logic device 730 itself, bus adapter 340, or frontside bus 395. To load the volatile logic device 730, the device 730 may utilize a conventional self-loading mechanism, external logic circuitry, or the digital signal processor 1320 via a common or dedicated pathway.
- Fig. 13 is a block diagram of a boot management system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the system includes of one or more non-volatile devices 795, 785, 796 that are remotely located from the boot device adapter 772.
- a non-volatile memory device 795 may be remotely located on the external expansion bus 330 of the expansion bus adapter 340.
- a non-volatile memory device 785 may be remotely located on the local or frontend bus 395.
- a non-volatile memory device 795 and/or 785 may be located in multiple locations either in part, or in whole, and each nonvolatile memory device 795 and/or 785 may be dedicated to the programmable logic device 730 or shared for other functions. Further, it is to be appreciated that the non-volatile logic code may be located within the boot storage device itself 796 and bootstrap loaded into the volatile logic device 730. In this embodiment, the boot device 700 may be utilized to load the appropriate programming code into a programmable logic device 730 located in the boot device adapter 772, or a programmable logic device located in the boot device 700 itself, or in the PC or computer appliance.
- Fig. 14 is a block diagram of a boot management system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the architecture of the boot device storage adapter 773 comprises a digital signal processor 1320 (or other processor) having a dedicated input/output bus 1350 that is utilized for programmable device loading.
- the addition of one or more digital signal processors 1320 or other processor is utilized on the boot storage device adapter 773 with optional RAM 1330.
- the non-volatile memory device 736 may store both the volatile logic device program, and programs for the for the digital signal processor(s) 1320.
- a dedicated pathway 1350 (parallel programming bus) is shown between the digital signal processor(s) 1320 to the volatile logic device 730, which may be used for express loading the volatile logic device 730.
- a common bus 1340 is utilized for accessing the nonvolatile memory device 736.
- bus 1340 is often referred to as the main bus and bus 1350 the I/O or expansion bus.
- any combination of dedicated/common busses is permissible, depending on the application.
- the digital signal processor 1320 may share the dedicated input/output bus 1350 for any purpose including special purpose functions.
- the Texas instruments C62x and C64x family of digital signal processors has a dedicated bus for connection to one or more industry standard Tl/El telecommunications ports.
- the signals transmitted on bus 1350 in their current format, or when enabled for general purpose I/O, may be utilized for programming the non-volatile memory device 736. Indeed, both data and strobe signals may be generated along with feedback for reading programming status as required.
- the port may also be used for Tl/El functions, thereby saving logic and cost.
- a translation software program may be utilized to orient the logic program for optimal storage and access in the non-volatile memory device 736, thereby saving processor cycles and minimizing the time for programming the volatile logic device 730.
- the translation program precomputes the optimal storage patterns for the volatile logic program.
- the non- volatile memory device 736 may be stored in the digital signal processor 1320, or any other element such as the volatile logic device 730, bus adapter 340 located on frontside bus 395.
- Fig. 15 is a block diagram of a boot management system according to another embodiment of the present invention comprising a boot storage device adapter 774 comprising a plurality of programmable volatile logic devices 1350, 1360.
- the non-volatile 5 memory device 736 may be utilized to store the programs of one or more volatile memory devices 1350, 1360. It should be noted that although two volatile memory devices are shown, the system may employ more than two volatile memory devices. In addition, although one non-volatile memory device 736 is shown, the system may comprise a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices. l o Fig.
- 16 is a block diagram of a computer initialization system according to another embodiment of the present invention comprising a boot storage device adapter 775 comprising a plurality of volatile logic devices and digital signal processors (or other processors). Here, separate independent dedicated pathways are utilized to load volatile logic devices. Additionally, the outputs of the boot management circuit 1070 are shown for use
- the non-volatile logic device 736 may be either self-loading or loaded by an external logic device.
- the non-volatile logic device 736 is connected to the volatile logic device 730, which allows the volatile logic device 730 to optionally be self-loading.
- the non-volatile memory device 736 is
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AU2001233322A AU2001233322A1 (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-02-05 | Systems and methods for computer initialization |
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US20120239921A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
EP1242880A2 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
US8880862B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
EP2053498A2 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
US9792128B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
US8112619B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
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US20070083746A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
WO2001057642A2 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
EP2053498A3 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
US20070043939A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
US20180143840A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
WO2001057659A3 (en) | 2002-07-18 |
US8090936B2 (en) | 2012-01-03 |
WO2001057642A3 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
US20010052038A1 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
EP1179194A1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
AU2001233322A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
US20020069354A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 |
AU2001236677A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
US6748457B2 (en) | 2004-06-08 |
US20110231642A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
US20150268969A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
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