WO2001057246A1 - VERWENDUNG EINER GENVERÄNDERUNG IM GEN FÜR DIE β3-UNTEREINHEIT DES HUMANEN G-PROTEINS - Google Patents
VERWENDUNG EINER GENVERÄNDERUNG IM GEN FÜR DIE β3-UNTEREINHEIT DES HUMANEN G-PROTEINS Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001057246A1 WO2001057246A1 PCT/EP2001/001196 EP0101196W WO0157246A1 WO 2001057246 A1 WO2001057246 A1 WO 2001057246A1 EP 0101196 W EP0101196 W EP 0101196W WO 0157246 A1 WO0157246 A1 WO 0157246A1
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
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- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- the invention relates to new sequence variants of the human gene GNB3, which codes for the Gß3 subunit of human G proteins, and their use for predicting physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body, in particular for diagnosing a wide spectrum of diseases, in particular for determining the disposition high blood pressure and obesity, the disposition to a variety of diseases that are associated with a malfunction of the immune system, the disposition to psychiatric diseases and
- the human Gß3 subunit is an important component in signal transmission systems found in all human cells.
- the sequence variants in GNB3 are associated with the accumulation of the G protein ß3 splice variants Gß3s and Gß3s2. These are responsible for increased signal transmission in cells that express Gß3s and Gß3s2.
- Gß3 occurs in all cells examined so far, the increased signal transmission mediated by Gß3s and Gß3s2 leads to an increase in physiological and pathophysiological responses to a variety of non-hormonal and hormonal stimuli.
- Gß3, Gß3s and Gß3s2 are interesting targets for pharmaceuticals and therapeutics with a wide range of indications.
- Gß3, Gß3s and G ß3s2 play a role in the pathogenesis / pathophysiology of a number of common diseases such as hypertension, heart attack, coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases, stroke, metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes play a role. They also play a role in other functional disorders such as erectile dysfunction.
- the variants are particularly involved in changes in the immune regulation and are therefore suitable for predicting the disposition to or the course of a large number of immunological diseases in which an increased or reduced function of immune cells is important.
- Such diseases include HIV infection, asthma, psoriasis, so-called atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, graft rejection, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and much more.
- atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, graft rejection, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and much more.
- these variants play a role in pre-eclampsia / gestosis, spontaneous abortion, the success of in-vitro fertilization, etc.
- the aim of the invention is to determine variants, polymorphisms, mutations and resulting haplotypes in the DNA sequence of the human Gß3 gene (GNB3) and to determine their correlation with disease dispositions.
- an individually optimal therapeutic agent can be predicted or developed for each GNB3 genotype.
- Human heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of the subunits ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ .
- a number of isoforms are in turn known which are encoded by different genes.
- ⁇ -isoforms ⁇ l - ⁇ l3
- ß-isoforms ßl-ß5
- ⁇ s (short and long) ß-isoforms (ßl-ß5)
- ⁇ s (short and long) ß-isoforms (s (short and long)
- ⁇ s (s (short and long) ß-isoforms (ßl-ß5)
- ⁇ s (s (short and long) ß-isoforms (s (short and long)
- ⁇ o, ⁇ il-3 ⁇ q, ⁇ ll- 16, ⁇ olf etc.
- function-changing mutations become particularly important and predictive. This is in contrast to mutations in other genes which code for other proteins, for example hormones or hormone receptors.
- Pacheco MA Stockmeier C
- Meltzer HY Overholser JC
- Dilley GE Jope RS. Alterations in phosphoinositide signaling and G-protein levels in depressed suicide brain. Brain Res. 1996 Jun 3; 723 (1-2): 37-45.
- lymphocytes In these diseases, the activity and activability of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes, granulocytes, etc.) is known to play an outstanding role in the course of the disease. The activation of these cells is in turn controlled by pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.
- Modified G proteins can cause malignant cells to degenerate. On the other hand, every cancer is characterized by the proliferation of tumor cells and metastasis, since proliferation and cell migration are G-protein-mediated processes. A modified G protein activation must therefore have an impact on the course of tumor diseases. Examples from the scientific literature are:
- the therapy may also include the use of glucorocorticoids to suppress the immune response or leukotriene receptor antagonists to reduce leukocyte activation.
- HCV hepatitis C virus
- this therapy leads to the permanent elimination of the HCV and such patients are called "sustained responders".
- a number of patients do not respond to this therapy or only at the beginning of the therapy, with a subsequent increase in the viral load.
- Such patients are referred to as “non-responders” or as patients with "relaps”.
- This example illustrates that gene changes in the GNB3 gene are particularly suitable for responding to certain ones To predict pharmaceuticals or a therapy success or therapy failure.
- the structure of the GNB3 gene is shown in Figure 1. It consists of 11 exons, with the start codon ATG located in exon 3, while the stop codon is located in exon 11.
- the cDNA encoding the Gß3 protein has been described previously (MA Levine, PM Smallwood, PT Moen, Jr., LJ Helman, and TG Ahn. Molecular cloning of beta 3 subunit, a third form of the G protein beta -subunit polypeptides Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 87 (6): 2329-2333, 1990).
- GNB3 genomic sequence of GNB3 was published (MA Ansari-Lari, DM Muzny, J. Lu, F. Lu, CE Lilley, S. Spanos, T. Malley, and RA Gibbs. A gene- rial cluster between the CD4 and triosephosphate isomerase genes at human chromosome 12pl3. Genome Research 6: 314-326, 1996)
- the invention then relates to the sequence of the human Gß3 gene which is mutated in whole or in part at positions 657, 814, 825 and 1429 of the cDNA or at positions (-350), 3882, 5177, 5249 and 6496 of the genomic sequence ,
- Fig. 1 of the drawing shows the gene structure of GNB3 and new polymorphisms.
- the exon-intron structure of GNB3 is shown.
- the gene consists of 11 exons, polyrorphisms previously described are found in exon 10 (C825T) and exon 11 (C1429T).
- the numbering corresponds to the cDNA sequence, with the start codon ATG in exon 3 being assigned position +1.
- exon 9 and exon 10 are also shown which are alternatively spliced when the mutations are at positions 825 and 1429 of the cDNA or 3882, 5177, 5249 and / or 6496 of the DNA sequence.
- the numbering of polymorphisms is shown in square brackets if position 1 is the transcription start point in exon 1.
- the mutations are characterized in detail below.
- the numbering refers to the transcription start point of GNB3 ( Figure 1).
- This starting point corresponds to nucleotide 52221 that of Ansari-Lari et al. published sequence of a section of human chromosome 12 (MA Ansari-Lari, DM Muzny, J. Lu, F. Lu, CE Lilley, S. Spanos, T. Malley, and RA Gibbs.
- the Polymorphism C825T corresponds, for example, to the genomic sequence C5500T.
- Base exchange G5249A the sequence within intron 9
- the invention further relates to a method for determining disease dispositions, wherein all sequences and variants of GNB3 from the individual mutation to all possible variants (including any absolute number of variants that can be included) can be genotyped and the corresponding statements about Allow disease disposition.
- the method is characterized in that the DNA of a test subject is isolated and genotyped at least at one of the exchanged positions and subsequently compared with the reference DNA sequence.
- Embodiments are preferred in which at least position 3882, position 5177, position 5249 or position 6496, at least the two positions 825 and 3882, 825 and 5177, 825 and 5249 or 825 and 6496, at least the three positions 825, 3882 and 5249, 825, 3882 and 6496, 825, 5249 and 6496, at least the four positions 825, 3882, 5249 and 1429, or 825, 3882, 5249 and 6496 or at least the five positions 825, 3882, 5249, 1429 and 6496 can be genotyped.
- Genotyping is performed by sequencing or by other methods that are suitable for the detection of point mutations. These include PCR-supported genotyping methods such as allele-specific PCR, PCR reactions and restriction fragment length analysis, PCR reactions using the Taqman system or molecular beacons, genotyping methods under Use of oligonucleotides (examples here would be dot blotting and hybridization, single nucleotide primer extension analyzes, oligonucleotide ligation assays), methods using restriction enzymes and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) , as well as in principle any future method for variant detection including the gen-chip technology in all its technological versions.
- PCR-supported genotyping methods such as allele-specific PCR, PCR reactions and restriction fragment length analysis, PCR reactions using the Taqman system or molecular beacons, genotyping methods under Use of oligonucleotides (exa
- the method according to the invention is suitable for determining a wide spectrum of the most diverse disease dispositions ex vivo.
- cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke, and cardiac arrhythmias.
- the development of terminal renal insufficiency (need for dialysis) or the risk of mortality during dialysis is also included.
- the disposition for metabolic diseases such as obesity, obesity and type II diabetes mellitus, including a prediction of the weight range as such or a disposition for weight changes, is finally a prediction of the ratio of the Body mass as determined, as expressed, for example, in the Body Mass Index (BMI).
- BMI Body Mass Index
- the method is used to predict weight development after drastic personal events, such as after births in women or in convalescence after serious illnesses.
- the method also serves to estimate the possible birth weight and the weight development after birth.
- the procedure is used to predict premature birth, the weight development of premature babies, the risk of preeclampsia / gestosis, with or without HELLP syndrome, abortion, the success of in-vitro fertilization.
- the diagnosis is provided for disposition to changed immune reactions. This includes predicting the response to vaccination, the course of infectious and autoimmune diseases, and rejection of transplanted organs. Infectious and immune diseases include HIV infection and progression to AIDS, caposis sarcoma, hepatitis C and B, allergic asthma and other atopic diseases such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Furthermore, diseases of the rheumatic type, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis.
- the diagnosis is made with regard to the predisposition to the development of malignant tumors and their course, in particular the tendency to metastasis, the tendency to occur of tumor recurrence and tendency for tumor progression.
- AI 3 such tumors should be mentioned in particular breast cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, colon and rectal cancer, stomach, liver, gall and pancreatic cancer, small bowel cancer, malignant skin tumors, all forms of leukemia, all forms of lymphoma incl Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the caposis sarcoma, lung and larynx carcinoma, the bladder, prostate and renal cell carcinoma, the testicular carcinoma, all forms of brain tumors, e.g. glioblastoma, astrocytoma etc.
- Oncogene 9 2559-2565, 1994.
- somatic muations may be present in ⁇ -subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins (J. Lyons, CA Landis, G. Harsh, L. Vallar, K. Grünewald, H. Feichtinger, Q. -Y. Duh, 0. H. Clark, E. Kawasaki, H. Bourne, and F. McCormick.
- heterotrimeric G proteins play a crucial role in the transformation to tumor cells, but also in that Migration and proliferation of tumor cells can be attributed.
- Fig. 4 shows the outstanding role of mutations in the GNB3 gene for the progression of human tumors using the example of bladder cancer.
- patients with bladder carcinoma were genotyped for the C825T polymorphism and the course of the disease was followed for 10 years. It can be seen that in 825T allele carriers and in the presence of a differentiated tumor (grading 1-2), metastasis occurs on average within 29 months, while metastases in homozygous C825 allele carriers only occur after 69 months on average.
- the time from the initial diagnosis of the tumor to the onset of progression can be described in such a way that this event occurs particularly early in 825T allele carriers (FIG. 5).
- mutations or polymorphisms in the GNB3 gene can be used to predict the responsiveness to tumor therapy. This applies to all chemotherapeutic agents which intervene in the broadest sense in the cell cycle and which inhibit the proliferation of rapidly proliferating cells in a relatively non-specific manner. It is known that cells from individuals carrying the 825T allele are increasingly observed in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle (Rosskopf D, Schröder KJ, Siffert W., Role of sodium-hydrogen exchange in the proliferation of immortalized lymphoblasts from patients with essential hypertension normotensive subjects. Cardiovasc Res. 1995 Feb; 29 (2): 254 -9).
- newer tumor therapeutics for example antibodies, cGp nucleotides, and inhibitors of signal transduction in general, for example tyrosine kinase inhibitors, act differently in 825T allele carriers than in C825 allele carriers. This is due to the fact that an increased activatability of G proteins, as can be observed in 825T allele carriers, also has downstream signal transduction pathways (rapid MAP kinase path; PI3 kinase activation, activation of Protein kinases and phospholipases etc.) activated more.
- MAP kinase path PI3 kinase activation, activation of Protein kinases and phospholipases etc.
- the diagnosis is made with regard to the predisposition to intelligence, learning ability, emotional states, addiction and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression etc.
- a large number of processes that take place in the human brain are caused by hormones and so-called Neurotransmitters can be controlled.
- drugs exist that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and / or noradrenaline in the presynaptic nerve endings.
- the resulting higher concentration of transmitter in the synaptic cleft then influences behavior and thinking (for example, the administration of sibutramine as an appetite suppressant, imipramine as an antidepressant).
- G protein subunit Gß3 occurs in high concentration in the brain, it can be assumed that gene changes in the GNB3 gene have lasting effects on behavior, thinking, intelligence, emotional states, learning ability, processing of sensory perceptions (hearing, seeing, smelling, tasting, feeling pain); Cold, warmth). This also includes the tendency to psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression etc. and the tendency to addiction (nicotine, alcohol, drug addiction), the tendency to exercise violence and much more.
- Figure 6 shows that already healthy 825T allele carriers have a higher tendency to depressive mood, achieve a higher score with regard to self-aggression and a lower score for life satisfaction.
- the method also allows the course and severity of diseases to be determined, as well as the prediction of survival in and after severe medical diseases, for example after myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and / or heart failure.
- severe medical diseases for example after myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and / or heart failure.
- polymorphisms further described here can be used for the diagnosis described.
- the applicability of the first teaching according to the invention for pharmacogenetics i.e. the diagnosis of the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, the potency and efficiency of pharmaceuticals and the occurrence of undesirable effects.
- the effectiveness of drugs and / or the occurrence of undesirable side effects is defined in addition to the specific substance properties of the chemically defined products by a number of parameters. Two important parameters, the achievable plasma concentration and the plasma half-life largely determine the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of parameters or the occurrence of undesirable effects.
- Plasma half-life is determined, among other things, by the rate at which certain pharmaceuticals are metabolized in the liver or other body organs to form effective or inactive metabolites and the rate at which they are excreted from the body, with excretion via the kidneys, via the air we breathe, through sweat can take place via the sperm fluid, the stool or other body secretions.
- the effectiveness in the case of oral administration is limited by the so-called "first pass effect", since after absorption of pharmaceuticals via the intestine, a certain one Portion in the liver is metabolized to inactive metabolites.
- Mutations or polymorphisms in genes of metabolizing enzymes can change their activity by changing their amino acid composition, which increases or decreases the affinity for the metabolizing substrate and thus the metabolism can be accelerated or slowed down.
- mutations or polymorphisms in transport proteins can change the amino acid composition in such a way that the transport and thus the excretion from the body is accelerated or slowed down.
- the optimal dosage To select the most suitable substance for a patient, the optimal dosage, the optimal dosage form and to avoid undesired, sometimes Knowledge of genetic polymorphisms or mutations that lead to changes in gene products is of outstanding importance for health-endangering or fatal side effects.
- the receptors can be divided into specific groups, depending on the activability by defined hormones. Those skilled in the art are aware that mutations or polymorphisms in certain receptors can determine the effectiveness of certain agonists or antagonists at these receptors.
- a common Glyl6Arg polymorphism in the gene encoding the ß2 adrenoceptor affects the level of responsiveness to the ß2 sympathomimetic salbutamol (Martinez FD, et al. Association between genetic polymorphisms of the ß2- adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing. J Clin Invest. 1997 Dec 15; 100 (12): 3184-8).
- Polymorphisms in the D2 receptor gene determine the frequency of the occurrence of dyskinesia in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (Parkinson's disease) with Levadopa (Oliveri RL, et al.; Dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism and the risk of levodopa- induced dyskinesias in PD. Neurology. 1999 Oct 22; 53 (7): 1425-30): Polymorphisms in the ⁇ -opiate receptor gene determine the analgesic effectiveness of opiates (Uhl GR, et al. The ⁇ opiate receptor as a candidate gene for pain: polymorphisms, variations in expression, nociception, and opiate responses. Proc Natl Acad Sei US A. 1999 Jul 6; 96 (14): 7752-5).
- angiotensin II stimulates an increased absorption of sodium in the kidney, stimulates salt absorption, increases blood pressure through a direct vasoconstrictive effect on smooth vascular muscle cells and induces proliferation processes. It is well known that these mechanisms caused by angiotensin II follow The hormone is coupled to receptors, which act by activating heterotrimeric G proteins. The efficiency of these effects can be predicted if the strength of the activability of G proteins can be diagnosed. Other drugs exert their effect by inhibiting the reuptake of transmitters released from neurons, for example noradrenaline, adrenaline, serotonin or dopamine.
- sibutramine which inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the central nervous system, thereby reducing the feeling of hunger and increasing thermogenesis. Accordingly, sibutramine can be used to treat obesity. Since norepinephrine and sibutramine activate G protein-coupled receptors, the diagnosis of the activability of G proteins is particularly suitable for predicting the effectiveness of sibutramine and the occurrence of typical sibutramine-associated side effects (eg increase in heart rate and blood pressure).
- the first teaching of the invention makes it possible to predict which specific medications will work in defined disease situations.
- the invention is based on the fact that a method has been developed which is generally suitable for the diagnosis of the activatability of G proteins.
- one or more polymorphisms in the GNB3 gene are investigated, which codes for the human Gß3 subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.
- Polymorphisms which diagnose the occurrence or non-occurrence of an alternative are particularly suitable for this purpose Predict the splicing process of the gene, whereby a new splicing variant of the gene and protein with a maximum of 6 WD repeat domains is created or its formation is suppressed.
- this splicing variant occurs, there is a predictable increase in the activatability of heterotrimeric G proteins and the increased activatability of all cells of the human body.
- a determination of the presence of polymorphisms in GNB3 thus enables the diagnosis of the effectiveness and undesirable effects of drugs, in particular agonists and antagonists of all receptors, the effects of which are mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins.
- polymorphisms in GNB3 can be used to diagnose the effects of drugs that either indirectly or as a result of body counter-regulation mechanisms increase or decrease the concentrations of endogenous hormones whose receptors activate heterotrimeric G proteins.
- the invention allows the diagnosis of effects and undesirable effects of all pharmaceuticals and is not limited to pharmaceuticals which influence specific receptors in an agonistic or antagonistic manner.
- the detection of the polymorphisms C825T, C1429T, A657T and G814A is used in each case alone or in any combination as a haplotype analysis (numbering according to the cDNA, the position +1 being assigned to the start codon ATG).
- GNB3 all other gene changes in GNB3 can be used for diagnosis, which in one Coupling unbalanced to C825T or C1429T and / or promote or inhibit the alternative splicing process. This applies in particular to genetic polymorphisms in intron 9 of GNB3, e.g. B. A3882C, G5177A, G5249A and the CACA insert in intron 10 (Fig. 1).
- genes changes can be detected by any method known to those skilled in the art, e.g. direct sequencing, restriction analysis, reverse hybridization, dot blot or slot blot method, mass spectrometry, etc.
- these gene polymorphisms can be detected simultaneously after multiplex PCR and hybridization to a DNA chip.
- other methods can be used to diagnose an increased activatability of G proteins, which serve the direct detection of the formation and expression of isoforms of the Gß3 subunit, which represent splice variants.
- Performing the analysis for pharmacogenetic studies includes predicting response to therapy e.g. with antihypertensives (including ACE drugs, ATI receptor blockers, ⁇ -blockers, ⁇ -receptor blockers, Ca antagonists, vasodilators), medications for the treatment of heart failure, medications for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, asthma, depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, the use of vaccines, the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
- antihypertensives including ACE drugs, ATI receptor blockers, ⁇ -blockers, ⁇ -receptor blockers, Ca antagonists, vasodilators
- the method mentioned is particularly suitable for diagnosing the action of agonists or antagonists on receptors, the effects of which are known to Proteins are mediated.
- the applicability of this method has already been demonstrated for the ⁇ 2-adrenergic receptor, the fMLP receptor and the interleukin-8 receptor (see PCT / EP99 / 06534) and published (Baumgart D, et al. G protein ß3 subunit 825T allele and enhanced coronary vasoconstriction on ⁇ 2-adrenoceptor activation. Circ Res.
- Adrenergic receptors especially ⁇ and ⁇ adrenoceptors and their isoforms and subgroups, i.e. ⁇ l and ⁇ 2 adrenoceptors as well as ßl, ß2, ß3 and ß4 adrenoceptors
- Muscarinic receptors and their isoforms e.g. ml, m2, m3 and m4 muscarinic receptors and their subtypes.
- Typical antagonists on muscarinic receptors are, for example, atropine, scopolamine, ipratroprium, pirenzepin and N-butylscopolamine.
- Typical agonists are carbachol, bethanechol, pilocarpine etc.
- Dopamine receptors eg D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 receptors and their isoforms and splice variants
- Serotonin receptors eg 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors and their subtypes.
- Typical agonists are sumatriptan and cisapride, antagonists are for example ondansetron, methysergide, buspirone and urapidil.
- Bradykinin receptors e.g. Bl and B2 receptors
- Angiotensin receptors e.g. AT II type and type 2 receptor
- typical antagonists on the AT II receptor are losartan and other sartans.
- Receptors for endorphins and opiates e.g. the ⁇ -opiate receptor
- Chemokine receptors CCR1-12 and CXCR1-8 for e.g. Interleukin-1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11/12, RANTES, MlP-l ⁇ , MlP-lß, stromal cell-derived factor, MCP1-5, TARC, lympnotactin, Fractalkine, Eotaxin 1-2, NAP-2, LIX etc.
- Receptors for lysophosphatidic acid, phosphatidic acid, receptors for sphingosine phosphates and their derivatives Receptors for prostaglandins and thromboxanes, e.g. B. for PGE1, PGE2, PGF, PGD2, PGI2, PGF2 ⁇ , thromboxane A2, etc.
- Receptors for neuropeptides e.g. NPY1-5
- Histamine receptors e.g. Hl-H3 receptors
- Receptors for insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 and IGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) Receptors for insulin, glucagon, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 and IGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
- GH growth hormone
- SSTR1-5 somatostatin
- TSH thyreotropic hormone
- oxytocin prolactin
- the effects of pharmaceuticals which influence the reuptake, breakdown or re-synthesis of neurotransmitters or in which changes in expression during therapy can also be diagnosed or responsiveness of the abovementioned receptors occur (for example Sib ⁇ tra in, fluoxetine).
- the effects of all pharmaceuticals can be diagnosed, which directly or indirectly change the concentrations of agonists that activate the above-mentioned receptors as a result of a physiological counter-reaction.
- Antihypertensives e.g. ß-blocker (propanolol, bisoprolol, etc.), diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide and other thiazide diuretics; furosemide, piretanide and other loop diuretics, chlorthalidone, spironolactone), ⁇ l adrenoceptor blockers (e.g. doxazosin, prazosinine, e.g. losartanine), angiotanin)
- ACE inhibitors enalapril, captopril, ramipril etc.
- Ca 2+ channel blockers e.g. nifedipine, verapamil, amlodipine, felodipine
- clonidine e.g. clonidine, reserpine
- ⁇ -blockers e.g. propanolol, metoprolol
- ACE inhibitors e.g. captopril, enalapril, ramipril, etc.
- angiotensin receptor blockers e.g. losartan
- Morphine-type analgesics (morphine, codeine, etc.)
- adenosine e.g. propanolol, acebutolol
- nitrate esters e.g. molsidomine
- platelet aggregation inhibitors e.g. adenosine, ⁇ -blockers (e.g. propanolol, acebutolol), nitrate esters and other NO donors (e.g. molsidomine), platelet aggregation inhibitors
- psychiatric disorders such as alcoholism, schizophrenia, manic-depressive disorders, psychoses, depression (e.g. fluoxetine, paoxetine, imipramine, desipramine, doxepin, Mianserin, trazodone, lofepramine), anxiety syndromes (diazepam, etc.), which e.g. affect the dopaminergic, serotonergic or adrenergic system
- compositions for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease e.g. tacrine
- Parkinson's disease e.g. bromocriptine, L-DOPA, carbidopa, biperiden, selegiline, etc.
- transmitter concentrations at e.g. muscarinic or dopaminergic substances e.g. muscarinic or dopaminergic substances.
- bronchial asthma which, for example, either have a direct bronchodilating or anti-inflammatory effect, for example salbutamol, terbutaline, albuterol, theophylline, montelukast, zafirlukast, cromoglicinic acid, ipratropium bromide
- gastric or intestinal motility disorders e.g. N-butylscopolamine, pirenzepin, metoclopramide
- compositions for the treatment of obesity which either directly activate lipolytically active receptors, e.g. ⁇ 3 -adrenergic agonists, or are centrally active, e.g. Sibutramine, or similar substances
- Interferons for the treatment of viral hepatitis or interleukin-2 for HIV infection
- antidiabetic drugs acarbose, insulin, troglitazone, metformin, etc.
- erectile dysfunction for example the C825T polymorphism
- gene changes in the GNB3 gene can be used to predict a subject's responsiveness to oligonucleotides with CpG motifs.
- Such nucleotides can be administered to activate a patient's immune system (Krieg AM. Immune effects and mechanisms of action of CpG motifs. Vaccine. 2000 Nov 8; 19 (6): 618-622.)
- tumor diseases but also immunological ones Diseases such as asthma are treated.
- subjects with gene changes in the GNB3 gene generally have an increased activability of immune cells due to genetic factors (e.g. S. Virchow, N.
- G protein ß3 subunit splice variant Gß3-s causes enhanced chemotaxis of human neutrophils in response to interleukin-8. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg 1 s Arch. Pharmacol. 360: 27-32, 1999), they also respond with an increased immune response to such immune stimulation with CpG oligonucleotides.
- the generally increased cellular activatability which is present in patients with the gene changes mentioned, also leads to the target cells of these patients (eg tumor cells) reacting more strongly to activated immune cells and their released products. It is therefore possible to predict the response of such patients to therapy with oligonucleotides that receive a CpG motif by determining the presence of gene changes in the GNB3 gene.
- the invention relates to the use of a gene modification in the human G-protein subunit Gß3 (gene: GNB3) for Finding new disease genes and for discovering and developing new targets for drugs (drug targets) people who have one of the polymorphisms mentioned in GNB3, e.g. A (-350) G, C825T, A3882C, G5177A, G5249A, C1429T or the CACA insert in intron 10 (FIG. 1) or further gene changes in GNB3 or combinations of the alleles (haplotypes) mentioned are characterized in that in their body cells there is a predictably increased or decreased signal transduction via heterotrimeric G proteins by gene analysis (S. Virchow, N. Ansorge, D.
- the gene status can be demonstrated by means of suitable methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- the predisposition for certain diseases, in which an increased or decreased G protein activation is important, can take place via different mechanisms.
- Such splice variants with a maximum of 6 WD repeats occur as functional proteins in human cells and can be expressed in a variety of expression systems using suitable vectors, for example in HEK-TS cells.
- G-protein ß ⁇ subunits can interact biochemically with a variety of cellular effector systems, e.g.
- HEK cells are transfected with a hemagglutin-labeled MAP kinase construct (HA-erk), the hemagglutin being used for the specific precipitation of the construct by specific antibodies.
- HA-erk hemagglutin-labeled MAP kinase construct
- the Gß3s splice variant has an increased activation of the MAP kinase compared to the wild type (Gß3).
- the cells of the expression system are additionally transfected with vectors which code for Gß3-sl or Gß3.
- the activation of the MAP kinase is quantified after immunoprecipitation using standard biochemical methods known to those skilled in the art.
- Transfection systems bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells
- a large number of different vectors are used, which are familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- yeast two-hybrid system known to the person skilled in the art or similar systems can be used to identify new interaction partners.
- suitable drug targets are identified by examining the interaction of Gß3s and Gß3s2 with known biochemical interaction partners and / or reaction pathways.
- G-protein - ß-subunits also control the translocation of other effectors into the cell nucleus, which can then control transcription there (Metjian A, Roll RL, Ma AD, Abrams CS: Agonists cause nuclear translocation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma.
- FIG. 3 of the drawing shows a strategy for finding new drug targets based on the genotyping at the GNB3 locus.
- the procedure that can be used to develop new drugs against HIV is shown as an example.
- cells from 825T allele carriers and 825C allele carriers are inoculated with HI virus and the virus replication is carried out quantified. Reduced virus replication is found in 825T allele carriers.
- the total mRNA is extracted from the infected cells of 825T and 825C allele carriers and rewritten into cDNA. This is followed by a comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis of gene expression. Since the genes 3, 4 and 5 are expressed equally, their gene products are eliminated as drug targets. In contrast, the differently expressed genes 1 and 2 are potential drug targets. Their gene products are identified and these can then be used for drug screening.
- T lymphocytes for example CD 4+ positive T lymphocytes, or macrophages isolated from homozygous 825C or 825T allele carriers and cultured.
- HI virus T or M tropic viruses
- suitable laboratory strains After this infection there is an increase in such viruses, which can be quantified using methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by quantitative detection of the virus genome using RT-PCR, Northern blot analysis or detection of p24 antigen. This shows that a reduced reproduction of HI virus in cells of homozygous 825T allele carriers can be observed in vitro.
- the fat cells of 825T allele carriers show an increased tendency towards fat accumulation and a reduced lipolysis, and their preadipocytes show an increased tendency towards proliferation and terminal differentiation.
- pradaipocytes or adipocytes are introduced into the cell culture after genotyping the corresponding test subjects using standard methods to form an expression system.
- the terminal differentiation to adipocytes or an inhibition of lipolysis can be brought about by adding insulin to the culture medium.
- the quantitatively different or differential expression of genes can, for example, after reverse transcription of the mRNA to cDNA by means of quantitative PCR methods, Northern blot methods, differential display, hybridization on DNA chips or Similar, suitable techniques known to those skilled in the art are examined.
- the use according to the invention of genotyping at the GNB3 locus and use and detection of the variants and haplotypes described therefore represent a new method for identifying the proteins, genes and their gene products which are additionally responsible for the development of all of the diseases mentioned, and suitable pharmaceuticals for their therapy to develop.
- the methods described under a) and b) for determining the availability of interaction partners or genes which are influenced in their transcription can be transferred from the gene for the ⁇ 3 subunit of the human G protein to other genes.
- the invention further relates to the following teachings:
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01911592A EP1268852A1 (de) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-02-05 | Verwendung einer genveränderung im gen für die beta-3-untereinheit des humanen g-proteins |
CA002399141A CA2399141A1 (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-02-05 | Use of a mutation in the gene for the .beta.3-subunit of human g-protein |
AU2001240585A AU2001240585A1 (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-02-05 | Use of a mutation in the gene for the beta3-subunit of human g-protein |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10004681.9 | 2000-02-03 | ||
DE10004681 | 2000-02-03 | ||
DE10007587 | 2000-02-21 | ||
DE10007587.8 | 2000-02-21 | ||
DE10030945.3 | 2000-06-24 | ||
DE10030945A DE10030945A1 (de) | 2000-02-03 | 2000-06-24 | Verwendung einer Genveränderung im Gen für die beta3-Untereinheit des humanen G-Proteins |
Publications (1)
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WO2001057246A1 true WO2001057246A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2001/001196 WO2001057246A1 (de) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-02-05 | VERWENDUNG EINER GENVERÄNDERUNG IM GEN FÜR DIE β3-UNTEREINHEIT DES HUMANEN G-PROTEINS |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20030129616A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1268852A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001240585A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2399141A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001057246A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19619362A1 (de) * | 1996-05-14 | 1997-11-20 | Basf Ag | Verwendung einer Genveränderung im Gen für humanes G-Protein beta-3-Untereinheit zur Diagnostik von Erkrankungen |
DE19637518A1 (de) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-04-09 | Winfried Siffert | PTX-sensitive G-Proteine, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung |
WO2000015785A2 (de) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-03-23 | Winfried Siffert | GENVERÄNDERUNG IM GEN FÜR DIE Gβ3-UNTEREINHEIT DES HUMANEN G-PROTEINS |
-
2001
- 2001-02-05 EP EP01911592A patent/EP1268852A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-02-05 CA CA002399141A patent/CA2399141A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-05 AU AU2001240585A patent/AU2001240585A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-05 US US10/203,009 patent/US20030129616A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-05 WO PCT/EP2001/001196 patent/WO2001057246A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19619362A1 (de) * | 1996-05-14 | 1997-11-20 | Basf Ag | Verwendung einer Genveränderung im Gen für humanes G-Protein beta-3-Untereinheit zur Diagnostik von Erkrankungen |
DE19637518A1 (de) * | 1996-09-13 | 1998-04-09 | Winfried Siffert | PTX-sensitive G-Proteine, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung |
WO2000015785A2 (de) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-03-23 | Winfried Siffert | GENVERÄNDERUNG IM GEN FÜR DIE Gβ3-UNTEREINHEIT DES HUMANEN G-PROTEINS |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
SIFFERT W ET AL: "ASSOCIATION OF A HUMAN G-PROTEIN BETA 3 SUBUNIT VARIANT WITH HYPERTENSION", NATURE GENETICS,US,NEW YORK, NY, vol. 18, no. 1, January 1998 (1998-01-01), pages 45 - 48, XP000892164, ISSN: 1061-4036 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2399141A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
US20030129616A1 (en) | 2003-07-10 |
EP1268852A1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
AU2001240585A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
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