WO2001045526A1 - Protective helmet - Google Patents
Protective helmet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001045526A1 WO2001045526A1 PCT/SE1999/002451 SE9902451W WO0145526A1 WO 2001045526 A1 WO2001045526 A1 WO 2001045526A1 SE 9902451 W SE9902451 W SE 9902451W WO 0145526 A1 WO0145526 A1 WO 0145526A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- inner shell
- outer shell
- protective helmet
- shell
- helmet according
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/06—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets
- A42B3/062—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means
- A42B3/063—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures
- A42B3/064—Impact-absorbing shells, e.g. of crash helmets with reinforcing means using layered structures with relative movement between layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/10—Linings
- A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a protective helmet with an outer shell and an inner shell, according to the precharacterizing clause of Patent Claim 1.
- a protective helmet In order to prevent or reduce skull and brain injuries, it is customary to make use of protective helmets in various situations. Many different types of protective helmet, with different designs and characteristics, are available on the market. Generally speaking, such a helmet consists of a hard outer shell, often made of a composite material, and an energy-absorbing inner shell.
- a protective helmet has to be designed so as to satisfy certain legal requirements which relate to inter alia the maximum acceleration that may occur in the centre of gravity of the brain at a specified ioad.
- tests are performed, in which what is known as a dummy skull equipped with a helmet is subjected to a radial blow from an impact surface.
- linear acceleration linear impact
- rotational acceleration that is to say combined linear and angular acceleration.
- rotational injuries are on the one hand subdural haematomas, SH, bleeding as a consequence of blood vessels rupturing, and on the other hand diffuse axonal injuries, DAI, which can be summarized as nerve fibres being severed as a consequence of varying inertia and density in the tissues of the brain.
- the aim of the invention is to produce a protective helmet which reduces the risk of injury for the wearer. Another aim is to produce a protective helmet which is simple, light and flexible for the wearer. A further aim is to produce an easily manufactured protective helmet .
- the outer shell of the helmet can be displaced relative to the inner shell during simultaneous absorption of rotational energy in the helmet, it is possible to reduce the injurious forces acting on the wearer, with a reduced risk of injury as a consequence.
- the use of one or more relatively thin sliding layers means that the mass and construction height of the helmet can be kept down, which increases wearer comfort and further reduces the risk of injury.
- a protective helmet is obtained, which is well suited to absorbing both radial impacts and oblique impacts and can thus protect the wearer well.
- Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically a section through a protective helmet according to the invention
- Fig. 2 shows the protective helmet in Fig. 1 when it is subjected to an oblique impact
- Fig. 3 shows alternative embodiments of the protective helmet according to the invention
- Fig. 4 shows the relationship between time and force in the case of an oblique impact against two different types of helmet
- Figs 5 and 6 show the results from a numerical study in the case of oblique impacts against a skull provided with a helmet
- Figs 7-9 shows various embodiments of the connection between the outer shell and the inner shell in a protective helmet according to the invention
- Fig. 10 shows diagrammatically from above the relative movement between the outer shell and the inner shell in an embodiment according to Fig. 9.
- a protective helmet 1 according to the invention shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1 is constructed from an outer shell 2 and, arranged inside the latter, an inner shell 3 which is intended for contact with the head of the wearer.
- a sliding layer 4 which makes possible displacement between the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3.
- a connecting member 5 which interconnect the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3 and counteract mutual displacement between them by absorbing energy.
- the outer shell 2 is relatively thin and strong so as to withstand impact of various types and can advantageously be made of, for example, fibre- reinforced plastic.
- the inner shell 3 is considerably thicker and is to be capable of damping or absorbing impacts against the head. It can advantageously be made of, for example, polyurethane foam or polystyrene.
- the construction can be varied in different ways, which emerge below, with, for example, a number of layers of different materials.
- a number of different materials and embodiments can be used as the sliding layer 4, for example oil, Teflon, microspheres, air, rubber etc.
- This layer advantageously has a thickness of roughly 0.1-5 mm, but other thicknesses can also be used, depending on the material selected and the performance desired.
- As connecting members 5, use can be made of, for example, deformable strips of plastic or metal which are anchored in the outer shell and the inner shell in a suitable manner.
- Fig. 2 shows the functioning principle of a protective helmet 1 according to the invention, with a simplified model in a two-dimensional embodiment, where the helmet 1 and a skull 10 are semi-cylindrical, with the skull 10 being mounted on a longitudinal axis 11.
- a little way from the axis 11 is a sensor 12 for measuring the torsional force and the torque transmitted to the skull 10 when the helmet 1 is subjected to an oblique impact K which gives rise to both a tangential force K ⁇ and a radial force K R against the protective helmet 1.
- K tangential force K ⁇ only the helmet-rotating tangential force K ⁇ and its effect are of interest.
- the force K gives rise to a displacement 13 of the outer shell 2 relative to the inner shell 3, the connecting members 5 being deformed.
- a number of tests were carried out, on the one hand on a helmet according to the invention with an oil film as the sliding layer, and on the other hand on a conventional helmet with the outer shell glued rigidly to the inner shell.
- the mean value of a number of tests was calculated and is shown in Fig. 4 where the force measured in the sensor 12 is shown as a function of time.
- the conventional helmet is represented by the continuous curve A
- the helmet according to the invention is represented by the dashed curve B.
- the inner shell 3 is constructed from a harder, relatively thin outer layer 3' 1 and a softer, relatively thick inner layer 3'.
- the inner shell 3 is constructed in the same manner as in Fig. 3a. In this case, however, there are two sliding layers 4, between which there is an intermediate shell 6.
- the two sliding layers 4 can, if so desired, be embodied differently and made of different materials.
- One possibility, for example, is to have lower friction in the outer sliding layer than in the inner.
- the outer shell 2 is embodied differently to previously.
- Figs 5 and 6 show the result from a numerical study performed by means of a dynamic Finite Element (FE) program.
- FE dynamic Finite Element
- a 2D geometric model was produced and was validated by good consistency with experiments.
- a 3D model was made with nape and head from what is known as a Hybrid III dummy which is used in collision simulation in the automotive industry.
- a conventional helmet and on the other hand a helmet with an outer shell, a sliding layer, an inner shell and connecting members, according to the invention, were used on the head.
- the connecting members were modelled using plastic spring elements.
- the torque was calculated at a fixing point between the skull and the nape (see Fig. 5), and the rotational acceleration was calculated at the centre of gravity of the skull (see Fig. 6) .
- the thick continuous curve B a reduction in the torque about the fixing point between the skull and the nape by roughly 50% is obtained in comparison with a conventional helmet, the thin curve A.
- the thick continuous curve B a reduction in the rotational acceleration at the centre of gravity of the skull by roughly 45% is obtained in comparison with a conventional helmet, the thin curve A.
- the inner shell 3 is made of relatively soft material and can allow penetration of a lower, inwardly bent edge 2a on the outer shell 2 when the latter is displaced relative to the inner shell 3.
- a covering layer 3a which rigidifies the inner shell 3 and at the same time contributes to the design of the protective helmet.
- This embodiment can be modified in various ways, as required.
- FIG. 8 corresponds essentially to the embodiment according to Fig. 1. However, the difference is that the helmet itself is constructed according to Fig. 3, with a harder outer layer 3 11 and a softer inner layer 3 1 in the inner shell 3.
- the connecting member 5 is in this case fastened in the harder, stronger outer layer 3' 1 .
- Fig. 9 shows an embodiment in which the connecting member 5 consists of a progressive clamp joint, the lower part of the outer shell 2 and the lower part of the harder outer layer 3'' of the inner shell 3 being bevelled so that, on displacement of the outer shell, clamping is brought about, with increased friction as a consequence .
- sliding layer means a layer which is located ' between two parts and facilitates mutual displacement of these, by sliding or in another manner.
- the construction of the sliding layer can vary within wide limits, in terms of both material and design.
- the number of sliding layers and their positioning can also be varied.
Landscapes
- Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9802228A SE514489C2 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 1998-06-23 | Protective helmet |
DE69918869T DE69918869T2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | HELMET |
AT99968831T ATE271325T1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | SAFETY HELMET |
ES99968831T ES2226494T3 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | CRASH HELMET. |
US10/168,324 US6658671B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | Protective helmet |
PCT/SE1999/002451 WO2001045526A1 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-21 | Protective helmet |
EP99968831A EP1246548B1 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | Protective helmet |
JP2001546272A JP4080206B2 (en) | 1999-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | Protective helmet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9802228A SE514489C2 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 1998-06-23 | Protective helmet |
PCT/SE1999/002451 WO2001045526A1 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-21 | Protective helmet |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001045526A1 true WO2001045526A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 |
Family
ID=20416274
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE1999/002451 WO2001045526A1 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-21 | Protective helmet |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6658671B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1246548B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4080206B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE271325T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69918869T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2226494T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001045526A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE271325T1 (en) | 2004-08-15 |
JP2003518203A (en) | 2003-06-03 |
DE69918869T2 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
ES2226494T3 (en) | 2005-03-16 |
EP1246548B1 (en) | 2004-07-21 |
JP4080206B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
DE69918869D1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
US6658671B1 (en) | 2003-12-09 |
EP1246548A1 (en) | 2002-10-09 |
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