WO2001039071A1 - Data visualization - Google Patents
Data visualization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001039071A1 WO2001039071A1 PCT/US2000/031617 US0031617W WO0139071A1 WO 2001039071 A1 WO2001039071 A1 WO 2001039071A1 US 0031617 W US0031617 W US 0031617W WO 0139071 A1 WO0139071 A1 WO 0139071A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
- G06Q40/04—Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G1/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data
- G09G1/06—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows
- G09G1/14—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows the beam tracing a pattern independent of the information to be displayed, this latter determining the parts of the pattern rendered respectively visible and invisible
- G09G1/16—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows the beam tracing a pattern independent of the information to be displayed, this latter determining the parts of the pattern rendered respectively visible and invisible the pattern of rectangular co-ordinates extending over the whole area of the screen, i.e. television type raster
- G09G1/162—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with cathode-ray tube indicators; General aspects or details, e.g. selection emphasis on particular characters, dashed line or dotted line generation; Preprocessing of data using single beam tubes, e.g. three-dimensional or perspective representation, rotation or translation of display pattern, hidden lines, shadows the beam tracing a pattern independent of the information to be displayed, this latter determining the parts of the pattern rendered respectively visible and invisible the pattern of rectangular co-ordinates extending over the whole area of the screen, i.e. television type raster for displaying digital inputs as analog magnitudes, e.g. curves, bar graphs, coordinate axes, singly or in combination with alpha-numeric characters
Definitions
- This invention relates to visual display 5 techniques .
- Real-time monitoring can collect data for characterizing a system.
- the collected data can identify system trends and limit values of parameters characterizing the system's behavior Identifying such
- the invention features a method of visually displaying a data characteristic for a plurality of entities.
- the method includes generating
- the one or more images represent each entity by a character located along a preselected direction m a field.
- the locations of the characters along the preselected direction are representative of the value of the characteristic of the
- the invention features a system for displaying a data characteristic for a plurality of entities in a video format.
- the system includes a storage device, a screen, a processor and a memory device.
- the memory device is configured to store a value of the data characteristic for each of the entities at a plurality of times.
- the memory device encodes an executable process to read the values in the storage device.
- the processor executes the process to produce a temporal sequence of images on the screen from the read values.
- the temporal sequence of images represents each entity by a moving character whose longitudinal location is representative of the value of the data characteristic for the associated entity.
- the invention features a computer program product that implements the above- described method.
- FIG. 1 shows a computer system programmed to visually display collected data for a human viewer
- FIG. 2A illustrates a display produced by one embodiment of the computer system of FIG. 1
- FIG. 2B illustrates a display produced by another embodiment of the computer system of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 2C illustrates a display produced by another embodiment of the computer system of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a process of using the computer system of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2A, 2B, and/or 2C; and
- FIG. 4 illustrates a display produced by the computer system of FIG. 1 to visualize stock indexes.
- Various embodiments include processes for visualizing time-dependent data associated with different entities. If the data has been collected over a large temporal sequence of sample times, the data may be too numerous for simple characterization by human analysts. The processes present the data in a visual format that can aid human viewers to discern relationships between the entities, trends, and limit values directly.
- the various embodiments reformat the collected data in a visual format as a temporal sequence of images, e.g. a video presentation.
- each entity is visually represented a character, such as a living object or actor, and changes to the data associated with the entity is represented by movements of the character.
- the characters for the various entities move m a field that aids a viewer to quantify changes m the data associated with each entity.
- the movements played out by the characters present time dependencies in a form that aids many humans to discern changes to the data and relationships between the entities.
- the process for visualizing data operates on a computer system 10.
- the computer system 10 has a software program stored in a hard drive 12 or other memory storage device, e.g., a magnetic ox optical disk 14.
- the software program may be executed by
- the process provides functions for changing the temporal sample of the data displayed. These functions include frame-by-frame advance, frame-by-frame reverse, play, fast play forward, fast play backwards, and stop.
- Some embodiments enable the viewer to select among these functions by using a mouse interface 22 to click or drag objects on screen 24.
- a mouse interface 22 to click or drag objects on screen 24.
- tne computer In response to clicking on the screen 24, tne computer
- system 10 displays a menu on the screen 24. From the menu, the viewer can select the desired function using the mouse 22.
- a viewer uses touch-screen technology to activate the functions activated in the ⁇ ⁇ - above-described embodiments above through the mouse 22.
- the computer system 10 provides a visualization of the temporal dynamics of a selected type of data by the position of moving characters m an image fiel ⁇ .
- the field has a longitudinal axis that represents the value of the data associated with each character.
- the different characters are spread along an axis perpendicular to the first axis.
- FIGs . 2A-2C illustrate embodiments that provide visualizations of activities of market participants, e.g., participants in a stock market.
- the visualized data consists of quote or trade prices of individual market participants.
- the market participants may be traders, market makers, or electronic communications networks.
- the invention is not however, limited to a particular data type or entities illustrated in the examples of FIGs. 2A-2C.
- a display screen 30 visually represents quote prices of market participants, e.g., market makers or traders, of a selected stock.
- the market participants are represented as football players 32-41 located on an American football field 42. Yard- line markings 43 of the football field 42 are prices.
- the quote price of a market participant is represented by the "yard-line" position of the associated player 32-41 on the playing field 42.
- the field 42 provides a visualization of data for both asks and bids of market participants. Each participant has one player representing the participant's ask and another player representing the participant's bid. Bid prices are represented by positions of the players 32-36 in a left portion of the field 42, i.e., to the left of the mside-bid 44. Ask prices are represented by positions of the players 37-41 m a right portion of the field 42, i.e., to the right of the mside-ask 46.
- the screen 30 displays several reference prices 44-46.
- the first references are the inside-bid and ask prices 44, 46 that provide respective maximum bids and minimum ask. For quotes, the inside ask; is greater than the mside-bid. Thus, the msides separate the field 42 into disjoint regions for asks and bids, respectively.
- the second type of reference is the previous day's closing (PDC) price.
- the PDC price provides a reference for comparing the present market to the previous day's market .
- the computer system 10 of FIG. 1 may visually identify different market participants in several ways.
- each player 32-41 carries a tag 44-53 naming the associated market participant.
- the tag may be the participant's firm name, logo, market participant identifier (MPID) , or trademark.
- MPID market participant identifier
- the viewer may display the tags 44-53 or remove the tags 44-53 altogether.
- the tags 44-53 aid a viewer to follow changes m the bids and asks of selected market participants m time.
- Colors or patterns can also distinguish types of players 32-41.
- the patterns may be checkered and striped.
- the players 32-36 and 49-53 on the bid and the ask sides may carry different colors or patterns.
- market participants 32-35, 49-50, 52-53 and electronic communication networks (ECNs) 36, 51 may have different colors or patterns. The different colors or patterns aid a viewer to follow changes in the bids and asKs m time.
- the viewer can display additional data for individual players 32-41.
- the pop-up box may contain data such as the player's name or MPID, the player's quote and the number of share available at the quote price.
- the number of shares m a player's quote is visually represented by the size of the player, e.g., by the player's height or width.
- a viewer may click on a time bar 53 with a pointer controlled by the mouse 22. Clicking to the right of the present time arrow 54 makes the display evolve forward in time. Clicking to the left of the present time arrow 54 makes the display evolve backwards m time.
- the viewer can change the time and/or date by entering a specific time of day and/or date using a keyboard.
- the display 42c of FIG. 2A is also augmented with audio warning signals to alert the viewer of special market conditions.
- a iouzzer signal may sound m response to a locked or crossed market condition. Locked or crossed conditions occur when a bid price is greater than or equal to an ask price .
- the computer system 10 of FIG. 1 provides a viewer with a selection of views for displaying data.
- Another view displays the American football field 42 m a 3- dimensional image as seen from a sideline (not shown) .
- FIG. 2B shows another format available to viewers for displaying bids and asks.
- players 61-70 are laterally ordered according the distance between the associated market participants' bids/asks and the inside bid/ask.
- the players 65, 70 are associated with the market participants whose bids and asks are closest to the inside bid and ask and are located on the bottom of the field 60.
- the display 60 also includes blocks 72, 73 that list the size of the selected quotes.
- the blocks 72, 73 list both prices and offered amounts of the inside bid and ask 74, 75 and the two bids and asks closest to the inside.
- tne blocks 72, 73 also list the number of market participant whose bids and asks are at these three values (not shown) .
- Other embodiments may visually indicate of the size of each quote by the height of the associated player, i.e., player heights being proportional to offered amounts.
- FIG. 2C shows another display format that enables the viewer to represent one market participant by special players 90, 92.
- the special players 90, 92 are visually set off from the other players 61-70 by a horizontal dotted line 94 and by positioning the players 90, 92 0 adjacent one edge of the football field 92. Setting off the special players 90, 92 facilitates comparisons between the ask and bid of the selected market participant and other market participants .
- Another embodiment facilitates comparisons with a 5 selected market participant by displaying both the bid and ask of the selected participant in the same horizontal slice of the football field 92 (not shown) .
- One visualization of market quote prices represents market participants by fish and the selected range of quote prices by a section of a riverbed.
- the quote prices are represented by the longitudinal position of the associated fish along the riverbed .
- Other embodiments visualize other types of time- dependant data.
- the data visualized is the number of sick persons m a treatment group.
- Various groups receive different types of treatments, which can be compared through the visualization.
- Each group has an associated character whose longitudinal position on a football field represents the number of members of the group that are sick at the time displayed.
- the data visualized are price changes of a basket of stocks, e.g., of the period of a day.
- Each stock is represented by a player whose longitudinal position on a football field represents the dollar change of the price of the associated stock from the closing price of the previous day.
- Other embodiments may be used to visualize other types of time-dependent data .
- FIG. 3 shows a process 100 that displays prices that market makers quote for a stock as a temporal sequence of images, e.g., a video format, is shown.
- the quote prices may be collected for a number of sample times and stored on a storage medium for display at a later time, i.e., an offline display, or may be displayed as collected, i.e., a real-time display.
- the process 100 may allow a viewer to advance the temporal sequence of images m either and image-by-image or continuous play mode .
- a viewer sets 102 a measuring scale and selects 104 a sample time range to be displayed.
- the measuring scale defines the fineness with which quote prices will be shown. Different scales may be used, e.g., nearest 1/16, 1/10, or 1/8 of a dollar.
- the selected time range specifies sample times for the data. The range may be closed or open as defined by a start time.
- the measuring scale may have different units.
- heart rates in beats per minute may be the measuring unit.
- weights in pounds may be the measuring unit. In each case, a viewer may be able to change the overall scale of the measuring unit.
- the computer system 10 reads 106 the quote prices from a data file that were collected at a first time m the selected time range.
- the computer system 10 generates 108 an image of a visualization of the read data for the first time. In the image, each market maker is represented by a player located on an American football field.
- the yard-line location of each player is determined by the quote price of the associated market maker.
- the lateral position of each player is either assigned for all sample times or fixe ⁇ by the value the player's quote price.
- the quote price fixes the players' lateral positions m displays that longitudinally order the players according to tne distance of the associated quotes from the inside quotes as shown in FIGs. 2B and 2C.
- the computer system 10 or viewer loops back 110 to select the another sample time for the collected quote price data. For example, the computer system 10 can select the next time at which data has been collected. Then, the reading 106 of quote prices and generating 108 of a new image are repeated for the quote data at the newly selected time. The newly generated image repositions the same players on the football field to represent new values of the quote prices at the new
- the process repeats to produce more images that visualize the data at other times within the selected time range.
- the players e.g., the players 61-70 of FIG. 2B
- the yard-line position of each player represents the ask or bid quote price of the associated market maker.
- an Internet web page generates video visualizations of collected data.
- a remote computer runs a process that displays the web page.
- To produce a visualization of the data as a temporal sequence of images a viewer remotely connects his computer to the web page and activates the visualization using control buttons on the web page.
- the user can remotely control the speed and direction of the temporal sequence of images, e.g., the view can advance the images one-frame-at-a-time using the control outtons on the web page.
- the viewer can also select tne time range for the data using the control buttons.
- the display 110 may be produced by the computer system 10 of FIG. 1 and may be a web page display. Other embodiments of the display 110 may provide a visual display for other quantities, e.g., stock share turnovers.
- the display 110 includes with a flagpole 112 having multiple flags 114-116. Each flag represents a component stock of the stock index. The height of each flag 114-116 represents the price of the associated stock. The amount of waving performed by each flag 114- 116 represents the volatility of the associated stock during a preselected period.
- the display 110 has a different flagpole 112, 118 for each index being visualized.
- the display may provide a visualization of a biological process in which a biological characteristic is visualized through positions of players on a football field.
- the characteristic may be the number of flu infections m various major cities of a country, i.e., each city being represented by a separate player.
- Such a representation provides a visualization of a time-dependent biological process .
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00977245A EP1257944A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2000-11-17 | Data visualization |
CA002404921A CA2404921A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2000-11-17 | Data visualization |
AU14912/01A AU1491201A (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2000-11-17 | Data visualization |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16748499P | 1999-11-24 | 1999-11-24 | |
US60/167,484 | 1999-11-24 | ||
US54527000A | 2000-04-07 | 2000-04-07 | |
US09/545,270 | 2000-04-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001039071A1 true WO2001039071A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 |
Family
ID=26863218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/031617 WO2001039071A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2000-11-17 | Data visualization |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1257944A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1491201A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2404921A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001039071A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3781850A (en) * | 1972-06-21 | 1973-12-25 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Television type display system for displaying information in the form of curves or graphs |
US4149148A (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1979-04-10 | Sperry Rand Corporation | Aircraft flight instrument display system |
WO1990011571A1 (en) * | 1989-03-28 | 1990-10-04 | Chicago Board Of Trade | Simulated live market trading system |
WO2000062187A2 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-19 | Epit Inc. | User interface for an electronic trading system |
-
2000
- 2000-11-17 AU AU14912/01A patent/AU1491201A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-17 CA CA002404921A patent/CA2404921A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-17 WO PCT/US2000/031617 patent/WO2001039071A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-11-17 EP EP00977245A patent/EP1257944A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3781850A (en) * | 1972-06-21 | 1973-12-25 | Gte Sylvania Inc | Television type display system for displaying information in the form of curves or graphs |
US4149148A (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1979-04-10 | Sperry Rand Corporation | Aircraft flight instrument display system |
WO1990011571A1 (en) * | 1989-03-28 | 1990-10-04 | Chicago Board Of Trade | Simulated live market trading system |
WO2000062187A2 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2000-10-19 | Epit Inc. | User interface for an electronic trading system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1257944A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
AU1491201A (en) | 2001-06-04 |
CA2404921A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 |
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