WO2001037657A1 - Gazon synthetique a drainage vertical charge au caoutchouc et procede de fabrication - Google Patents

Gazon synthetique a drainage vertical charge au caoutchouc et procede de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001037657A1
WO2001037657A1 PCT/US2000/011805 US0011805W WO0137657A1 WO 2001037657 A1 WO2001037657 A1 WO 2001037657A1 US 0011805 W US0011805 W US 0011805W WO 0137657 A1 WO0137657 A1 WO 0137657A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
synthetic turf
pile fabric
woven
sand
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2000/011805
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel A. Daluise
Original Assignee
Daluise Daniel A
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daluise Daniel A filed Critical Daluise Daniel A
Priority to AU46882/00A priority Critical patent/AU4688200A/en
Publication of WO2001037657A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001037657A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
    • B32B2305/026—Porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/20—Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles

Definitions

  • U.S. Patent No. 4,337,283 discloses an artificial turf comprising a subsurface, a pile fabric having a flexible backing on the subsurface, and a compacted top-dressing layer comprising a mixture of from 25 to 95 volume percent resilient particles such as rubber, and from 5 to 75 volume percent fine sand.
  • the top-dressing layer is interspersed among the pile elements of the pile fabric and on the backing.
  • the purpose of the top- dressing layer is to stabilize the pile elements, prevent graininess (i.e., prevent the tendency of the pile fabric to lay in a given direction) , absorb shock, and improve the footing of a player running or walking across the surface.
  • graininess i.e., prevent the tendency of the pile fabric to lay in a given direction
  • absorb shock and improve the footing of a player running or walking across the surface.
  • fine sand in the top-dressing layer adds weight and reduces sponginess to the pile fabric layer and is less abrasive than "large" sand, it still suffers from undesirable abrasiveness .
  • the sand has a much higher specific gravity than the rubber, and thus the two materials tend to separate and cannot be kept in a uniform mix or be spread uniformly over the area of a field. After installation, the lighter rubber material rises to the top.
  • the turf system relies on gravity and the slope of the sub-base for water drainage .
  • the problems of the prior art have been overcome by the present invention, which provides a vertically draining synthetic turf having reduced abrasiveness and increased resilience compared to conventional synthetic turfs.
  • the vertical draining system of the present invention prevents water from accumulating on the turf surface, which could cause the top-dressing layer to "float" and be moved by inundation.
  • the draining system of the present invention incorporates a porous geotextile membrane between an open graded aggregate layer and a sand layer above the aggregate layer to prevent the movement of one aggregate layer into the other.
  • the top-dressing layer of the present invention eliminates the use of sand and its concomitant abrasiveness.
  • the top- dressing layer consists of resilient particles, preferably a mixture of high and low density rubber.
  • the pile fabric is a dimensionally stable woven product, either in a single layer or in multiple layers.
  • the dimensionally stable woven product can be used in conjunction with conventional woven backing materials.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the artificial turf in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic top view of a typical football field drainage system layout in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a typical soccer field drainage system layout in accordance with the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • a synthetic turf having a sloped sub-surface base 2 layer The sub-surface base 2 is formed by removing turf, loam, etc. and grading and compacting the earth. Excavation of materials is as necessary to establish a proper grade of sub-base to a tolerance of about 1" per 10 feet.
  • the slope of the sub-surface base 2 is 0.5% to about 1% from the field centerline in order to facilitate drainage, and the sub-base is compacted to about 95% Proctor density, if possible, to form a firm and stable surface.
  • An open graded aggregate layer 3 is disposed over the subsurface base 2.
  • the open aggregate layer 3 is comprised of free-draining stone, and the layer has a thickness of about 6 inches.
  • Suitable open graded aggregate is a mixture of sand and stone, and has low fines, preferably under 5% fines of 200 mesh size.
  • One particular suitable aggregate has the following analysis:
  • the aggregate is installed so as to maintain a finished grade slope of 0.5% or greater toward the edges of the field.
  • a non-woven porous geotextile membrane 4 preferably made of a needle punched polypropylene, such as Amoco 4545 commercially available from Amoco.
  • the membrane 4 is permeable to water but prevents movement of one aggregate layer into the other.
  • a porous free-draining layer of sand 5 preferably about 2 inches thick, is placed over the membrane 4, and the membrane 4 functions to prevent the sand layer 5 from intermingling with the aggregate layer 3 below.
  • water tends to carry sand from the sand layer 5 into the interstices of the open aggregate layer 3, reducing the porosity of the open aggregate layer, thereby reducing the critical drainage efficiency of the same.
  • the sand layer develops deleterious depressions (cupping) where the flow of water is concentrated.
  • the membrane 4 is about 1/8 inches thick.
  • resilient particles or granules 16 such as rubber particles are embedded, mixed or otherwise added to the sand layer 5.
  • resilient particles 16 such as rubber granules are applied at a uniform rate to the entire sand layer, such as by drop spreading, spraying, or other pneumatic delivery method.
  • the amount of rubber granules used is from about 0.2 to about 3 lb/ft 2 , most preferably about 1 lb/ft 2 .
  • the resilient particles are preferably forced into the sand layer 5 and become embedded therein with a standard compaction roller.
  • the embedded particles helps prevent sand compaction by maintaining particle separation. By preventing compaction, the embedded resilient particles ensure that the sand layer remains open and porous, maintaining drainage efficiency.
  • the embedded resilient particles also enhance the overall shock absorption of the entire system (without a concomitant increase in pile height or infill depth) and prevent a decrease in shock absorption capabilities of the entire system over time.
  • Suitable resilient particles for this purpose include natural rubber, synthetic rubber such as styrene butadiene (ground tire rubber) , butyl rubber, neoprene, urethane rubber, nitrile rubber, etc.
  • the playing surface 1 includes a pile fabric 9 of individual tufted yarn or yarn-like filaments.
  • the material used for the yarn filaments is not particularly limited, and can include polypropylene or polyethylene, or preferably a polyethylene/polypropylene blend yarn, or other suitable yarn material.
  • a blend of 80% polyethylene and 20% polypropylene yarn is preferred due to its low abrasiveness and its grasslike appearance. Tufting through the backing at a yarn density of about 10 to 60 oz/yd 2 , preferably about 20-30 oz/yd 2 , so that the yarn is upstanding and substantially uniform in height, can be carried out to provide a higher weight playing surface.
  • the fabric backing layer 7 is dimensionally stable.
  • the backing 7 is a dimensionally stable woven material, most preferably a Geotex 200ST or Geotex 135ST material, which are slit film woven geotextiles commercially available from Synthetic Institutes, Inc.
  • Geotextile is used herein to mean a permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles.
  • a "geosynthetic” is a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth or other geotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made projection, structure or system. Also suitable is a Geotex woven polypropylene geotextile containing heavy monofilament and fibrillated yarns, wherein the individual yarns are woven in a unique twill pattern to fill a strong geotextile. This product is also commercially available from Synthetic Institutes, Inc. These dimensionally stable backings provide excellent dimensional stability, and are more easily penetrated with sewing needles during the tufting process and during the seaming process than non-woven materials.
  • the woven geotextile may be used alone or in combination with other woven or non-woven materials, such as a polyester/nylon blend, spun-bound, non- woven material, or a woven polyolefin such as polypropylene, or a fleece lined woven fabric commonly referred to as "FLW" in the tufting trade.
  • woven or non-woven materials such as a polyester/nylon blend, spun-bound, non- woven material, or a woven polyolefin such as polypropylene, or a fleece lined woven fabric commonly referred to as "FLW" in the tufting trade.
  • Another suitable backing material is a loosely woven dimensionally stable woven fabric such as Action Back, which may be used alone, in a single or multiple layers, or in combination with other woven or non-woven materials.
  • the backing layer 7 may be solely a non-woven, in a single layer or in multiple layers.
  • a suitable non-woven, dimensionally stable material is a polyester/nylon blend, spun-bound, non-woven material.
  • non-woven is used in its conventional sense, and includes traditional felts, needled fabrics and adhesive-bonded fabrics, as well as fabrics made of yarn but in which the yarns are bonded together without interlacing or interlooping, or in which some yarns are held in place by other sets of yarns that have been interlaced or interlooped, including stitch-bonded fabrics. All suitable non-wovens must have sufficient dimenstional stability so as not to significantly expand or contract, or wrinkle, in the absence of a sand infill layer.
  • the backing 7 readily absorbs a secondary backing, such as a urethane or styrene butadiene typically used in a carpet coating process.
  • the liquid-applied secondary backing can be applied by spray coating, and helps bond the yarn tufts and add strength and stiffness to the carpet.
  • the product has sufficient weight and dimensional stability to preclude the possibility of wrinkling or other movement due to thermal expansion and contraction or impact loading, despite the absence of the sand infill conventionally used to provide weight .
  • the backing is preferably perforated with holes 2" to 8" apart to allow for vertical drainage, with 4" average separation being especially preferred.
  • Suitable hole diameters include diameters ranging from about 0.1" to about 0.75", with 0.25" -0.5" being preferred.
  • the hole size can vary from hole to hole.
  • the top-coating or infill layer 6 is devoid of sand and its concomitant abrasiveness. It is composed entirely of resilient material, preferably rubber, including natural rubber, synthetic rubber such as styrene butadiene (ground tire rubber) , butyl rubber, neoprene, urethane rubber, nitrile rubber, etc. Preferably a blend of ground tire rubber and high density rubber is used, with the preferred amount of high density rubber being about 75-80% of the mix.
  • the depth of the infill should be substantially uniform and between about 0.5 inches and 1.75 inches, and is preferably about 1.5 inches in the case where the pile height is 2". Typically the infill should be between 3/4" and 1/2" below the full pile height.
  • An interior perimeter drainage system is used to assist in water drainage from the field, as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the system comprises a 1" x 18" TRAX FLOW II prefabricated drain line 30 running along the interior edge of the track surface.
  • the drain line 30 is a length of perforated, interconnected pipe and snap-on couplings and outlets made of high density polyethylene.
  • a 3-4" wide trench is excavated such as with a rotary trencher to a sufficient depth to allow for the depth of the prefabricated drain plus an additional 2".
  • the bottom of the trench should be consistent in elevation, with no deviation of more than 0.5 inches in ten feet.
  • the drain line 30 is then placed in the trench and backfilled with fine aggregate 35 (e.g., concrete sand) meeting the following particle size specifications (ASTM C-33 fine aggregate standard) :
  • lines 30 may be in communication with existing interior catch basins via appropriate connectors, although no catch basins need by used.
  • An optional 1" x 18" drain line may be installed approximately four feet inside the first line on each straightaway and connected to existing catch basins or by appropriate connectors to the common outflow pipe.
  • 1" x 6" underdrain lines are in communication with the inside drain lines and are arrayed in a typical herringbone design 5' to 30' on center, with 20' on center being the most preferable arrangement .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un gazon synthétique à drainage vertical (10) comprenant une membrane géotextile poreuse (4) disposée entre une couche d'agrégat à granulométrie ouverte (3) et une couche de sable (5). Ce gazon synthétique (10) comprend également un tissu duveteux (9) comprenant une pluralité d'éléments duveteux plantés en touffe sur un support tissé (7) au-dessus de la couche d'agrégat à granulométrie ouverte (3). Une couche de remplissage (6) constituée de particules élastiques, de préférence un mélange de caoutchouc haute et basse densité, est intercalée entre les éléments duveteux du tissu duveteux (9).
PCT/US2000/011805 1999-11-24 2000-05-02 Gazon synthetique a drainage vertical charge au caoutchouc et procede de fabrication WO2001037657A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU46882/00A AU4688200A (en) 1999-11-24 2000-05-02 Vertically draining, rubber-filled synthetic turf and method of manufacture

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US44909099A 1999-11-24 1999-11-24
US09/449,090 1999-11-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001037657A1 true WO2001037657A1 (fr) 2001-05-31

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AU (1) AU4688200A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001037657A1 (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1026935C2 (nl) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-06 Gijsbertus Hendrikus M Oostdam Sportveld alsmede gebruik van een dergelijk sportveld als voetbalveld.
EP1842963A1 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-10 XL Work AG Pelouse avec une surface en gazon artificiel, couche inférieure et fondation
EP2388375A1 (fr) 2010-05-17 2011-11-23 Armacell Enterprise GmbH Système de drainage fournissant des propriétés d'amortissement
WO2012037084A1 (fr) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-22 Closureturf, Llc Revêtement de gazon synthétique pour murs en terre stabilisée mécaniquement (mse)
WO2013009174A1 (fr) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Desso Sports Systems N.V. Infrastructure pour une pelouse artificielle
ES2401631A1 (es) * 2013-02-18 2013-04-23 Profesional Sportsverd Futbol, S. L. Sistema de césped mixto para suelos deportivos y suelos de jardinería y procedimiento de cultivo de dicho césped mixto
US9011740B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2015-04-21 Textile Management Associates, Inc. Method of recycling synthetic turf and infill product
EP2883988A1 (fr) 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 Orotex Belgium NV Gazon artificiel pour paysage et sport
WO2015086626A1 (fr) 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Orotex Belgium Nv Structure à touffes pour paysage et sports
EP2133471A3 (fr) * 2008-06-10 2015-10-28 Gebr. Kraaijeveld B.V. Système de stockage d'eau sous un terrain de sport
US10190267B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-01-29 Bfs Europe Nv Artificial turf for landscape and sports
US10370799B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-08-06 Dfs Europe Nv Tufted structure for landscape and sports
US20200071886A1 (en) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-05 Columbia Insurance Company Novel Artificial Turf and Methods of Making Same
WO2020126962A1 (fr) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-Gmbh Surface de jeu avec un mélange de pierres et de granulés élastiques
GB2588099A (en) * 2019-10-04 2021-04-21 E T C Sports Surfaces Ltd Sports surface

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044179A (en) * 1975-11-18 1977-08-23 Mod-Sod Sport Surfaces Playing surface for athletic games
US5752784A (en) * 1995-02-17 1998-05-19 The Motz Group Low profile drainage network for athletic field drainage system
US5908673A (en) * 1996-02-15 1999-06-01 Gebr. Wunderlich Gmbh & Co. Kg Textile damping material and tee-off golfing mat and impact and water absorbing mat made thereof
US5958527A (en) * 1998-09-21 1999-09-28 Fieldturf Holdings, Inc. Process of laying synthetic grass
US5976645A (en) * 1998-06-01 1999-11-02 Safturf International Limited Vertically draining, rubber-filled synthetic turf and method of manufacture

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044179A (en) * 1975-11-18 1977-08-23 Mod-Sod Sport Surfaces Playing surface for athletic games
US5752784A (en) * 1995-02-17 1998-05-19 The Motz Group Low profile drainage network for athletic field drainage system
US5908673A (en) * 1996-02-15 1999-06-01 Gebr. Wunderlich Gmbh & Co. Kg Textile damping material and tee-off golfing mat and impact and water absorbing mat made thereof
US5976645A (en) * 1998-06-01 1999-11-02 Safturf International Limited Vertically draining, rubber-filled synthetic turf and method of manufacture
US5958527A (en) * 1998-09-21 1999-09-28 Fieldturf Holdings, Inc. Process of laying synthetic grass

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1026935C2 (nl) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-06 Gijsbertus Hendrikus M Oostdam Sportveld alsmede gebruik van een dergelijk sportveld als voetbalveld.
EP1842963A1 (fr) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-10 XL Work AG Pelouse avec une surface en gazon artificiel, couche inférieure et fondation
EP2133471A3 (fr) * 2008-06-10 2015-10-28 Gebr. Kraaijeveld B.V. Système de stockage d'eau sous un terrain de sport
US9011740B2 (en) 2008-12-15 2015-04-21 Textile Management Associates, Inc. Method of recycling synthetic turf and infill product
EP2388375A1 (fr) 2010-05-17 2011-11-23 Armacell Enterprise GmbH Système de drainage fournissant des propriétés d'amortissement
US9587367B2 (en) 2010-09-13 2017-03-07 Closureturf, Llc Synthetic grass cover for MSE walls
WO2012037084A1 (fr) * 2010-09-13 2012-03-22 Closureturf, Llc Revêtement de gazon synthétique pour murs en terre stabilisée mécaniquement (mse)
WO2013009174A1 (fr) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-17 Desso Sports Systems N.V. Infrastructure pour une pelouse artificielle
US9809936B2 (en) 2011-07-13 2017-11-07 Desso Sports Systems N.V. Substructure for an artificial lawn
ES2401631A1 (es) * 2013-02-18 2013-04-23 Profesional Sportsverd Futbol, S. L. Sistema de césped mixto para suelos deportivos y suelos de jardinería y procedimiento de cultivo de dicho césped mixto
WO2015086626A1 (fr) 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Orotex Belgium Nv Structure à touffes pour paysage et sports
EP2883988A1 (fr) 2013-12-13 2015-06-17 Orotex Belgium NV Gazon artificiel pour paysage et sport
US10190267B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-01-29 Bfs Europe Nv Artificial turf for landscape and sports
US10370799B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-08-06 Dfs Europe Nv Tufted structure for landscape and sports
US20200071886A1 (en) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-05 Columbia Insurance Company Novel Artificial Turf and Methods of Making Same
WO2020126962A1 (fr) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Polytex Sportbeläge Produktions-Gmbh Surface de jeu avec un mélange de pierres et de granulés élastiques
GB2588099A (en) * 2019-10-04 2021-04-21 E T C Sports Surfaces Ltd Sports surface
GB2588099B (en) * 2019-10-04 2022-03-09 E T C Sports Surfaces Ltd Sports surface

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Publication number Publication date
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